CN112753471A - Method for cultivating strong fruiting mother branches of persimmons - Google Patents
Method for cultivating strong fruiting mother branches of persimmons Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating strong fruiting mother branches of persimmons, which comprises the following steps: (1) multiple points of eyes are injured seriously, and strong and long branches are promoted; (2) opening an angle to balance tree vigor; (3) reforming thick upright spindly branches; (4) preventing the wound from blackening and mildewing; (5) updating branch groups; in the step (1), after the eyes of the buds are injured, in order to promote the growth of young shoots into robust and long shoots, when the young shoots are 10cm long, vaseline ointment with the mass ratio of 15mg/kg diethylaminoethanol caproate (DA-6) is smeared on the top ends; the comprehensive application of the eye injury and DA-6 realizes that the ratio of long branches, medium branches and short branches in the persimmon canopy is 5: 3: 2. The proportion of long branches which are emitted by the central trunk of the persimmon sapling and are more than or equal to 30cm after the processing is 53.28%, which is 33.42% higher than that of the persimmon sapling which is not processed naturally; the average length of the young shoots is 137.04% higher than that of the contrast, the average thickness is 35.21% higher than that of the contrast, and the average base angle of the young shoots is 80 degrees, the waist angle is 85 degrees, thus being beneficial to the formation of mixed flower buds at the tips of the branches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of persimmon cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating strong fruiting mother branches or fruiting branch groups of fruit trees by persimmons, which is convenient for the renewal and rejuvenation of the branch groups, and specifically relates to cultivating strong fruiting mother branches of persimmons, reasonably utilizing the space of a canopy, increasing the field yield and improving the quality of fruits.
Background
The pruning is an important management technology in the fruit tree production process, can adjust the growth amount of branch tips and fruiting positions, constructs a reasonable crown structure, improves the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crown, effectively utilizes light energy, improves the fruit commodity quality and increases the cultivation benefit of fruit trees. Fruit tree pruning usually has double functions of 'overall inhibition and local stimulation', and the assessment of reasonable pruning amount needs to pay attention to the complementary relationship between the whole and the local parts of the tree body. The main producing areas of persimmon trees in China have different climatic conditions, and different climatic conditions such as south, north, mountain plains, plateau coastal areas and the like directly influence the growth, flower formation and fruit setting of the persimmon trees, and the suitable shearing amount and shearing method are adopted for the trees, and the shearing amount and shearing method are adjusted according to the soil fertility and the water and fertilizer conditions of the persimmon orchard.
The persimmon is in a traditional tall tree form, mainly multi-side, multi-level and multi-branch; the periphery has more branches with vigorous growth, the inner chamber has more thin and weak branches due to poor illumination conditions, fruiting mother branches are few and weak, and the internal and external contradictions are difficult to regulate and control. The pruning method is characterized in that the peripheral extension branches are cut short, fruiting branch groups with leading branches are cultured, and the updating pruning method mainly comprises cutting short and retracting; the branch groups which are cut and retracted for many times have weak growth vigor, and the nutrition conveying line is bent and blocked, so that the trees are premature and poor in fruit quality.
The branch level of the persimmon tree form thinly planted with the corolla is a five-level structure, namely a main trunk → a main branch → a lateral branch → a result branch group → a result mother branch, the structure level is too large and complicated, and the requirement on the technical level of pruning is high. A method for culturing the mother branch and branch group of persimmon tree includes such steps as putting the branch group on the main branch, cutting, putting the branch group on the fruiting branch, changing its size, and retracting the branch group.
The branch level of the modern close planting tree form is gradually simplified into a three-level structure, namely a main trunk → a main branch → a fruit mother branch, the branch level of the close planting persimmon garden tree body is less, and the tree form has the characteristics of quick shaping and forming, no need of spending a large amount of time to cultivate a tree form skeleton structure, simple structure, easy learning and mastering, reasonable branch type composition, short nutrient transportation route, high benefit and labor and force saving management. The growth characteristics of the top branches of the persimmon trees have important influence on reasonable shaping and trimming, and the top end of the persimmon trees has strong superiority, strong upper part and weak lower part, so that the lower parts and the inner cavities of the branch groups are extremely easy to bald, and particularly, the branch groups with upright angles are easy to bald and bare, therefore, the timely updating of the branch groups is an important measure for trimming the persimmon trees, and the cultivation of the strong fruiting mother branch persimmons is an important prerequisite for realizing the updating of the branch groups of the persimmon trees. In the process, the cultivation time of fruiting mother branches and branch groups of the persimmon trees is long, the stable fruiting time generally needs 3-5 years, and the canopy fruiting space is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The fruit bearing branches of apple, pear, peach, plum and other fruit trees are planted with mixed buds or pure flower buds, which can blossom and bear fruit directly in the same year. Therefore, the cultivation of the strong fruiting mother branches is the premise of increasing yield and income of the persimmons, the cultivation time of the traditional persimmon fruiting branch groups and fruiting mother branches is long, how to create the method for cultivating the strong fruiting mother branches of the persimmons is to cultivate the fruiting mother branches or fruiting branch groups, the cultivation time of the fruiting mother branches or fruiting branch groups is 1-2 years, the number of the fruiting mother branches or fruiting branch groups is large, the canopy space is reasonably utilized in time, the updating of the fruiting branch groups is completed as early as possible, the yield increase, quality improvement and efficiency increase in the persimmon production process are realized, and the labor saving, the labor saving and.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention particularly provides a method for cultivating strong fruiting mother branches of persimmons, wherein the fruiting mother branches or fruiting branch groups are cultivated for 1-2 years, the number of long branches is large, the fruiting mother branches or fruiting branch groups are robust, the hedge-shaped shaping target is realized as soon as possible, the canopy space is utilized reasonably in time, the fruiting branch groups are updated as soon as possible, the yield and quality improvement and efficiency improvement in the persimmon production process are realized, and the method is labor-saving, labor-saving and efficient.
A method for cultivating persimmon strong fruiting mother branches comprises the following steps:
(1) multiple points of eyes are injured seriously, and strong and long branches are promoted;
(2) open angle to balance tree vigor
(3) Reforming thick upright spindly branches;
(4) preventing the wound from blackening and mildewing;
(5) updating branch groups;
in the step (1), the persimmon tree is used for cultivating a robust fruiting branch group on the central trunk of the young tree, except that the root part of the central trunk is less than 40cm and the top part of the central trunk is more than 20cm, all buds on the central trunk are subjected to heavy mesh injury, a grafting knife or a branch shear is used, the position 0.5cm above a bud body is subjected to mesh injury, the length is 1/2 of the perimeter of the central trunk, and the cut is smooth and reaches the xylem by 1-2 mm;
after eye injury on bud, smearing vaseline ointment with mass ratio of 15mg/kg diethylaminoethanol caproate (DA-6) on the top when young sprout is 10cm long for promoting young sprout to grow into strong and long young sprout; the comprehensive application of the eye injury and DA-6 realizes that the ratio of long branches, medium branches and short branches in the persimmon canopy is 5: 3: 2;
in the step (2), young shoots which are generated after the eyes are injured are not less than 20cm, bamboo sticks with the thickness of 3.0mm and the length of 8.0cm are manufactured, and the two ends of the bamboo sticks are sharp and thin and are like toothpicks; one end of a bamboo stick is supported in the middle of the tender shoot, and the other end of the bamboo stick is inserted into the central trunk to reach the xylem by 1-2 mm, so that the included angle between the base of the new shoot and the vertical line of the branch is more than or equal to 75 degrees;
the length of the branch generated after the eye injury is more than or equal to 45cm and is completely lignified, and the branch is pulled and the angle is opened; fixing hemp ropes or cloth strips for branch pulling, binding 2 crisscross wood strips or bamboo poles at the branches of the main trunk of the persimmon tree, wherein the thickness is about 25-30 mm, and the length of the wood strips or bamboo poles is determined according to the crown width of the tree body; after the branches are slightly kneaded up, down, left and right by hands, the branches are fixed by slipknots or cloth strips, and the other ends of the branches are tied on crisscross battens or bamboo poles for branch drawing and opening); the base angle of the young shoots is promoted to be 80 degrees on average through the comprehensive application of the bamboo stick branch supporting and the branch pulling;
the 1-2 year-old spindly branches generated on the backs of the skeletal dry branches in the canopy of the persimmon tree in the step (3) are used for modifying spindly branches (not less than 15mm) growing on the backs of the skeletal dry branches in the canopy; back-to-side of the base of the bare-headed branch, namely, the opposite direction of branch pulling is carried out, 3-5 cuts are longitudinally made by using a branch shear, the cut is 6-8 cm long and is as deep as a half of the xylem, the branch is held by hands to shake front and back and left and right from light to heavy, the xylem of the branch is sprained and fully activated and softened at the cut, the branch is twisted by 90 degrees in situ by hands, the branch is pulled by using cloth or a hemp rope, the base angle of the branch is about 60 degrees, and the cloth or the hemp rope is also fixed on a crisscross wood strip or a bamboo pole; wrapping the cut and softened branches with a transparent plastic adhesive tape with the width of 18 mm;
in the step (4), a five-in-one wound healing agent is provided; the specific method is that a proper amount of agar is added into a mixed solution of 0.5 percent of asomate and 0.01 percent of 2, 4-D, then vaseline which is melted by heat is added, and the mixture is stirred and condensed to obtain the wound healing agent used by the invention; uniformly coating the healing agent on the cortex and xylem of the wound surface and the peripheral part close to the cortex;
in the step (5), the persimmon orchard is pruned in winter and is changed into light pruning, the bearing branch group extending along a single axis is cultivated through long branch throwing and inner bud external kicking measures, and attention is paid to maintaining the extending trend of the bearing branch group during winter pruning; and after the single-axis bearing branches continuously bear fruits for 5-6 years, when the diameter of the single-axis bearing branches exceeds 1/2 of the diameter of the main trunk or the bone trunk branches, carrying out big branch replacement by using mother branches or branch groups which are cultured in advance and have strong fruits.
Furthermore, the step (1) is carried out when the average temperature in spring and day is continuously more than or equal to 14 ℃ for 3 days.
Further, in the hedgerow-shaped branch group cultivation process of the persimmon trees, if the thickness of the central trunk of the young persimmon trees planted in the current year is less than or equal to 1.0cm, buds on the central trunk are not full, the tree vigor is weak, stumping is carried out at a position of 10-15 cm on the ground, a strong new shoot at the top is kept to grow vertically, and after cultivation for one year, the young persimmon trees are subjected to mesh injury according to the method in the spring of the next year;
culturing medium and small robust fruiting branch groups in the crown layer of an adult persimmon tree, wherein in the space of the crown layer in the first 6 th month, the buds at two sides and the lower part of an annual thick and strong branch are subjected to eye injury, the buds above the buds are subjected to eye injury at the position of 0.5cm, and buds with 20cm bases and 15cm tops are excluded; and (4) performing eye injury on buds on the upper back of the branch, wherein the eyes are injured at a position of 0.5cm below the buds except buds with the base part of 15cm and the top part of 10 cm.
The invention creates a method for cultivating strong fruiting mother branches or fruiting branch groups of persimmons, which has the following advantages:
1. the proportion of long branches which are emitted by the central trunk of the persimmon sapling and are more than or equal to 30cm after the processing is 53.28%, which is 33.42% higher than that of the persimmon sapling which is not processed naturally; the average length of the young shoots is 137.04% higher than that of the contrast, the average thickness is 35.21% higher than that of the contrast, and the average base angle of the young shoots is 80 degrees, the waist angle is 85 degrees, thus being beneficial to the formation of mixed flower buds at the tips of the branches.
2. The number of the long shoots generated by the upper eye injury of branches in the crown layer of the adult persimmon tree is 83.33 percent higher than that of the branches without any treatment, the length of the new shoots is 64.15 percent higher than that of the contrast, and the thickness of the new shoots is 43.37 percent higher than that of the contrast. The injury treatment of eyes can effectively avoid forming thick and big overground branches on the back to cause 'tree growth on the tree'. The branch pulling and fixing new method is time-saving, labor-saving and low in cost, and does not affect ground production operation.
3. After being smeared, the wound healing agent provided by the invention can obviously promote the formation of cambium callus and promote the healing of wounds, the wounds do not mildew or blacken, the healing rate reaches 98.12%, and is improved by 36.44% compared with a control.
4. The invention particularly provides a method for cultivating strong fruiting mother branches of persimmons, wherein the fruiting mother branches or fruiting branch groups are cultivated for 1-2 years, the number of long branches is large, the fruiting mother branches or fruiting branch groups are thick, the canopy space is utilized as early as possible, early fruit yielding is realized (traditionally 3-5 years), and the method is labor-saving, labor-saving and efficient.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the schematic view of the injury of eyes on the persimmon tree is shown;
FIG. 2: the schematic diagram of the transformation of the thick upright spindly branches of the persimmon trees in the invention;
1-a trunk; 2-bud body; 3-central stem; 4-injury of the upper eyes;
5-battens or bamboo poles; 6-hemp rope or cloth strip; 7-rope or cloth strip fixing part; 8, binding the batten or the bamboo pole;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of different treatments of upper incised wound in the crown layer of adult niuxin persimmon trees.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are further described in the following embodiments:
method for cultivating strong fruiting mother branches of persimmons
(1) Multiple points of eyes are injured seriously, and strong and long branches are promoted;
(2) open angle to balance tree vigor
(3) Reforming thick upright spindly branches;
(4) protection of the wound;
(5) and (5) updating the branch group.
In order to cultivate strong fruiting parent branches of persimmons and reasonably utilize the space of canopy and finish the updating of fruiting branch groups very early, in the step (1), the invention provides a novel method, the persimmons cultivate strong fruiting branch groups on the central trunk of young trees, except that 40cm of the base and 20cm of the top of the central trunk are not damaged by eyes, all buds on the central trunk are damaged by eyes with certain weight, a grafting knife or a branch shear is used, when the average temperature is continuously 3 days or more than 14 ℃ in daytime in spring, the position 0.5cm above the bud body is damaged by eyes, the length is 1/2 of the perimeter of the central trunk, the cut is smooth and reaches the xylem by 1-2 mm (attached figure 1).
In the hedgerow-shaped branch group cultivation process of the persimmon trees, if the thickness of a central trunk of young persimmon trees planted in the current year is less than or equal to 1.0cm, buds on the central trunk are not full, the tree vigor is weak, stumping is carried out at a position of 10-15 cm on the ground, a strong new shoot at the top is kept to grow vertically, and after cultivation for one year, mesh injury is carried out in the spring of the next year according to the method.
Culturing middle-sized and small-sized robust fruiting branch groups in the crown layer of an adult persimmon tree, wherein eyes are injured at two sides and the lower part of an annual thick and strong branch (more than or equal to 0.8cm) in the space of the crown layer in the last 6 th month, and eyes are injured at the position 0.5cm above the bud (except buds with the base part being 20cm and the top part being 15 cm); the buds on the upper back of the branches are subjected to down-eye injury, and the part 0.5cm below the buds is subjected to down-eye injury (except buds with the base part of 15cm and the top part of 10cm), so that the main purpose is to prevent the formation of thick overgrowth branches on the back and cause 'tree growth on trees'.
In the step (1), in order to promote the young shoots to grow into robust and long shoots after the eyes of the buds are injured, vaseline ointment with the mass ratio of 15mg/kg diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) is coated on the top ends of the young shoots when the young shoots are 10cm long (except the young shoots injured by the eyes). Through the comprehensive application of the eye injury + DA-6, the long branches (more than or equal to 30cm) to the medium branches (less than 30cm and more than or equal to 10cm) to the short branches (less than 10cm) in the persimmon crown layer are 5: 3: 2, and early fruit, high yield and stable yield are realized while early forming of the young persimmon orchard is facilitated.
In the step (2), in order to realize that the base angle of young, tender and non-lignified young shoots which are sent out after the eye injury meets the requirements of reshaping and filling the canopy, a simple branch supporting method is provided, and firstly, a branch with the thickness of 3.0mm is manufactured
Bamboo stick 8.0cm long with two sharp ends like toothpick; when young shoots which are generated after eye injury are larger than or equal to 20cm and are not completely lignified, one end of a bamboo stick is supported in the middle of the young shoots, the other end of the bamboo stick is inserted into the central trunk to reach 1-2 mm of xylem, and the included angle between the base of the young shoots and the vertical line of the main branch is larger than or equal to 75 degrees, so that mixed flower buds can be formed.
If the shoots of the sprouts after the mesh injury are completely lignified and have the length larger than or equal to 45cm, but the base part of the shoots has a small angle (less than 45 degrees) due to the action of the top advantages, the shoots are not suitable to be supported by bamboo sticks, and the shoots must be pulled and opened. In the step (2), a simple branch pulling method is provided, in order to fix hemp ropes or cloth strips for branch pulling (the traditional method is to pile and fix on the ground, which is not convenient for field operations such as mechanical walking, fertilization, pesticide spraying and the like), 2 crisscross wood strips or bamboo poles are bound at the branch positions of the main trunk of the persimmon tree, and the thickness is about 25-30 mm
The length of the wood strip or bamboo pole is determined according to the crown width of the tree body (the length is about 2.0m generally). After the branches are gently kneaded up and down, left and right by hands, the branches are slipknot-fixed by hemp ropes or cloth strips, the other ends of the branches are tied on crisscross wood strips or bamboo poles, and the branches are pulled to open the corners (shown in figure 2). Through the comprehensive application of the bamboo stick branch supporting and branch pulling, the base angle of the new shoot is promoted to be 80 degrees on average, and the formation of mixed flower buds at the front end of the branch is facilitated.
The 1-2 year-old spindly branches on the backs of the skeleton branches in the persimmon tree canopies are vigorous in vegetative growth due to the fact that the branches are upright and the positions of the branches are small in fruiting amount, the branches are thick and strong (more than or equal to 15mm), the occupied space is large, the tree is grown on the tree, the traditional treatment method is to dredge the branches in winter pruning, and the nutrition of the tree body is greatly wasted.
In the step (3), a new method is provided, and the long-distance branches (more than or equal to 15mm) growing on the backs of the bone dry branches in the canopy are reformed and utilized to form small and medium-sized branch groups with stable results. On one side (the opposite direction of the branch pulling) of the base part of the bare-headed branch, longitudinally cutting 3-5 cuts with a branch shear, the length of the cut is 6-8 cm, and the cut is as deep as half of the xylem, holding the branch with a hand to shake the branch from front to back and left and right from light to heavy, straining the xylem of the branch at the cut, fully activating and softening the xylem, twisting the branch in situ by about 90 degrees with a hand, pulling the branch with cloth or hemp ropes to make the base angle of the branch about 60 degrees, and fixing the cloth or hemp ropes on crisscross wood strips or bamboo poles. And wrapping the cut and softened branches with a transparent plastic adhesive tape with the width of 18mm to promote wound healing.
Because the persimmon branches contain unique tannin substances, wounds are easy to oxidize and blacken and easy to mildew in the air,
in the step (4), a five-in-one wound healing agent is provided, and rapid healing of the injury of the eyes and the longitudinal incised wound of the persimmon tree is promoted. The specific method is that a proper amount of agar is added into a mixed solution of 0.5 percent of asomate and 0.01 percent of 2, 4-D, then vaseline which is melted by heat is added, and the mixture is fully stirred and condensed to obtain the wound healing agent used by the invention. The healing agent is uniformly coated on the cortex and xylem of the wound surface and the peripheral part close to the cortex, thereby effectively preventing tannin in the persimmon branches from being oxidized and blackened and simultaneously preventing the mildew of the wound.
In the step (5), the persimmon orchard is pruned in winter and is changed into light pruning, the bearing branch group extending along a single axis is cultivated through measures of throwing long branches, kicking inner buds out and the like, and attention is paid to maintaining the extending trend of the bearing branch group during winter pruning; the idea of updating the persimmon branch group in the method is not to cut short but to replace. After the single-axis bearing branches continuously bear fruits for 5-6 years, when the diameter of the single-axis bearing branches exceeds 1/2 of the diameter of the main trunk or the bone trunk branches, big branch replacement is carried out by using mother branches or branch groups which are cultured in advance and have strong fruits.
Examples are as follows:
(1) branching effect of multiple-point heavy eye injury + DA-6 (sapling)
The example shows that the ginseng test variety is Eki No. 1, the seedlings are planted in the same year, the soil is yellow soil, and the test site is a test garden for the Jinshui gate persimmon variety in the river and summer areas of Wuhan city. The tree form of the newly-built Eki No. 1 orchard is planned to be cultured into a hedge shape, and about 20 long branches need to be planted on a central trunk. The planted Eki No. 1 nursery stock is indefinite dry, the base part of the nursery stock is 40cm, the top part of the nursery stock is 20cm, all buds on the central stem of the sapling are subjected to weight mesh injury, a grafting knife or a branch shear is used, when the average temperature is continuously 3 days or more in spring and day at 14 ℃, the buds are subjected to mesh injury at the position of 0.5cm above the bud body, the length is 1/2 of the perimeter of the central stem, the cut is smooth and reaches the xylem by 1-2 mm, and the specific method is shown in figure 1; and (3) if the thickness of the nursery stock is less than 1.0cm, the growth vigor is weak, the central stem is not strong and the bud is not full, leveling the nursery stock at a position 12cm away from the ground, keeping a strong new tip at the top, and performing visual injury in the spring of the next year after cultivating for one year, wherein the method is the same as the above method.
When the tender tips of injured eyes on the central stem of the Ebei persimmon No. 1 nursery stock are larger than 20cm and are not completely lignified, one end of a bamboo stick with a thickness of 3.0mm and a length of 8.0cm is supported in the middle of the tender tips, the other end of the bamboo stick is inserted into the central stem and reaches 1-2 mm deep to the xylem, and the vertical included angle between the base of the young tips and the central stem is 75-85 degrees, so that mixed flower buds can be formed.
After eye injury on buds, in order to promote young shoots to grow into robust and long shoots, when the young shoots are 10cm long (except for young shoots injured by eyes), vaseline ointment (provided by the invention) with the mass ratio of 15mg/kg diethylaminoethanol caproate (DA-6) is coated on the top ends of the young shoots.
As analyzed from Table 1, the ratio of the long shoots (more than or equal to 30cm) cultivated after the treatment of the invention to the whole growing point of the whole tree body is 53.28%, while the ratio of the number of the long shoots generated by the natural growth without the treatment is only 19.86%, which is 114.29% higher than that of the natural growth; the average length of young shoots is 64cm, which is 137.04% higher than that of the contrast; the average thickness of young shoots is 0.96cm, which is 35.21% higher than that of the contrast; the average base angle of the young shoots is 80 degrees, the waist angle is 85 degrees, the cultivation target of robust and long bearing mother branches is completed within one year, and the requirement of cultivating single-axis bearing branch groups by hedge-shaped trees is completely met.
TABLE 1 branching Effect of multiple point multiple eyes injury + DA-6 treatment
| Treatment of | Ratio of long shoot/%) | Average length/cm | Average thickness/cm | Mean base angle/° | Average waist angle/° |
| Injury of the upper eye + DA-6 | 53.28 | 64 | 0.96 | 80 | 85 |
| Control | 19.86 | 27 | 0.71 | 50 | 60 |
(2) Effect of the invention on cow Heart persimmon (adult tree)
The example shows that the tested variety is Diospyros kaki, 13 years old, the soil is yellow soil, and the test site is a golden sluice persimmon variety test garden in Jiang summer district of Wuhan city. In the last ten days of 6 months, the upper eyes of buds at two sides and the lower part of the current-year branch in the crown layer of the adult persimmon tree are injured, and the eyes are injured at the position 0.5cm above the buds; the buds on the upper back of the branches are subjected to eye injury, and 0.5cm below the buds are subjected to eye injury, so that the formation of thick overground branches on the back is avoided, and 'trees on the trees are grown'. Tender tips of the branches after the eyes are injured grow to be longer than 45cm and are completely lignified, and the branches are pulled and opened after the tender tips are slightly kneaded by hands up and down, left and right. In order to fix hemp ropes or cloth strips for branch pulling, 2 crossed bamboo poles are bound at the branches of the trunk, the thickness of the bamboo poles is 30mm, the length of the bamboo poles is 2.0m, and the specific method is shown in figure 2.
The traditional branch pulling fixing method is that timber piles are dug on the ground, and then the timber piles are fixed, one rope is used for one pile, so that time and labor are wasted, the efficiency is low, and the operation management of weeding, fertilizing, irrigation and the like of ground soil is influenced; the method of the invention is time-saving, labor-saving and low in cost, and all branch pulling cloth strips or hemp ropes of the whole tree can be fixed on the crossed bamboo poles, thereby not influencing the management operation of the orchard.
As can be seen in FIG. 3, the number of long tips (. gtoreq.15 cm) from both sides and below of each shoot treated by the upper nicking was 5.5 on average, which is 83.33% higher than the control. In addition, the length of the young shoots in the crown layer of the adult persimmon tree treated by the method is 87cm, which is 64.15% higher than that of the contrast; the young shoots have a thickness of 1.19cm, 43.37% higher than the control. The lower incised wound treatment can effectively avoid the formation of thick overground branches on the back to cause 'tree-on-tree growth', and compared with the condition that thick overground branches with the length of 141cm and the thickness of 1.72cm are grown on each branch without treatment, the tree structure is seriously disturbed; whereas the lower incised treatment only formed vegetative shoots with an average length of 19 cm.
(3) Application effect of wound healing agent
The example shows that the reference variety is Baogai persimmon which grows for 7 years, the soil is yellow soil, and the test site is a test garden for the variety of Jinshui persimmons in the areas of Yangtze summer in Wuhan City. In order to reform the annual overground branches on the back in the canopy into robust fruiting parent branches or small fruiting branch groups, 3-5 cuts are longitudinally carved by branch scissors, the length of the cuts is 6-8 cm, and the cuts reach half of xylem, the branches are held by hands and kneaded until the cuts are softened, the branches are twisted by about 90 degrees in situ by hands, and the branches are pulled by cloth or hemp ropes. In order to promote the wound healing of the bud carving in the step (1) after the branch twisting, a five-in-one wound healing agent is used for smearing.
The five-in-one wound healing agent is prepared through adding agar in 0.5% asomate and 0.01% 2, 4-D mixture, adding vaseline after being molten, stirring and condensing. After the healing agent is applied, the formation of cambium callus can be obviously promoted, the wound healing is promoted, the wound does not mildew or blacken, the healing rate reaches 98.12%, while the healing rate of a control is only 61.68% (natural healing), and a raised scar is formed at the healing position.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any person can get similar method in the light of the present invention, but any change in form can be made, and the same or similar technical solutions can fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for cultivating persimmon strong fruiting mother branches comprises the following steps:
(1) multiple points of eyes are injured seriously, and strong and long branches are promoted;
(2) opening an angle to balance tree vigor;
(3) reforming thick upright spindly branches;
(4) preventing the wound from blackening and mildewing;
(5) updating branch groups;
in the step (1), the persimmon tree is used for cultivating a robust fruiting branch group on the central trunk of the young tree, and all buds on the central trunk are subjected to gravity eye injury except that the root part of the central trunk is less than 40cm and the top part of the central trunk is more than 20cm, and a grafting knife or a branch shear is used; a 0.5cm part above the bud body is subjected to mesh injury, the length of the mesh injury is 1/2 of the circumference of the central trunk, and the cut is smooth and reaches 1-2 mm deep of xylem;
after eye injury on bud, smearing vaseline ointment with mass ratio of 15mg/kg diethylaminoethanol caproate (DA-6) on the top when young sprout is 10cm long for promoting young sprout to grow into strong and long young sprout; the comprehensive application of the eye injury and DA-6 realizes that the ratio of long branches, medium branches and short branches in the persimmon canopy is 5: 3: 2;
in the step (2), young shoots which are generated after the eyes are injured are not less than 20cm, bamboo sticks with the thickness of 3.0mm and the length of 8.0cm are manufactured, and the two ends of the bamboo sticks are sharp and thin and are like toothpicks; one end of a bamboo stick is supported in the middle of the tender shoot, and the other end of the bamboo stick is inserted into the central trunk to reach the xylem by 1-2 mm, so that the included angle between the base of the new shoot and the vertical line of the branch is more than or equal to 75 degrees;
the length of the branch generated after the eye injury is more than or equal to 45cm and is completely lignified, and the branch is pulled and the angle is opened; fixing hemp ropes or cloth strips for branch pulling, binding 2 crisscross wood strips or bamboo poles at the branches of the main trunk of the persimmon tree, wherein the thickness is about 25-30 mm, and the length of the wood strips or bamboo poles is determined according to the crown width of the tree body; after the branches are slightly kneaded up, down, left and right by hands, the branches are fixed by slipknots or cloth strips, and the other ends of the branches are tied on crisscross battens or bamboo poles for branch drawing and opening); the base angle of the young shoots is promoted to be 80 degrees on average through the comprehensive application of the bamboo stick branch supporting and the branch pulling;
the 1-2-year-old spindly branches generated on the backs of the skeleton branches in the canopy of the persimmon tree in the step (3) are used for modifying the spindly branches growing on the backs of the skeleton branches in the canopy; back-to-side of the base of the bare-headed branch, namely, the opposite direction of branch pulling is carried out, 3-5 cuts are longitudinally made by using a branch shear, the cut is 6-8 cm long and is as deep as a half of the xylem, the branch is held by hands to shake front and back and left and right from light to heavy, the xylem of the branch is sprained and fully activated and softened at the cut, the branch is twisted by 90 degrees in situ by hands, the branch is pulled by using cloth or a hemp rope, the base angle of the branch is about 60 degrees, and the cloth or the hemp rope is also fixed on a crisscross wood strip or a bamboo pole; wrapping the cut and softened branches with a transparent plastic adhesive tape with the width of 18 mm;
in the step (4), a five-in-one wound healing agent is provided; the specific method is that a proper amount of agar is added into a mixed solution of 0.5 percent of asomate and 0.01 percent of 2, 4-D, then vaseline which is melted by heat is added, and the mixture is stirred and condensed to obtain the wound healing agent used by the invention; uniformly coating the healing agent on the cortex and xylem of the wound surface and the peripheral part close to the cortex;
in the step (5), the persimmon orchard is pruned in winter and is changed into light pruning, the bearing branch group extending along a single axis is cultivated through long branch throwing and inner bud external kicking measures, and attention is paid to maintaining the extending trend of the bearing branch group during winter pruning; and after the single-axis bearing branches continuously bear fruits for 5-6 years, when the diameter of the single-axis bearing branches exceeds 1/2 of the diameter of the main trunk or the bone trunk branches, carrying out big branch replacement by using mother branches or branch groups which are cultured in advance and have strong fruits.
2. The method for cultivating persimmon strong fruiting mother branches as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (1) is carried out when the average temperature in spring in the daytime is continuously 3 days or more and 14 ℃.
3. The method for cultivating the persimmon strong fruiting mother branch as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the hedgerow cultivation process of persimmon trees, the thickness of the central trunk of the young persimmon trees planted in the current year is less than or equal to 1.0cm, the buds on the central trunk are not full, the tree vigor is weak, the young persimmon trees are cut down at 10-15 cm above the ground, a strong new shoot at the top is kept to grow vertically, and after cultivation for one year, the young persimmon trees are subjected to mesh injury in the spring of the next year according to the method;
culturing medium and small robust fruiting branch groups in the crown layer of an adult persimmon tree, wherein in the space of the crown layer in the first 6 th month, the buds at two sides and the lower part of an annual thick and strong branch are subjected to eye injury, the buds above the buds are subjected to eye injury at the position of 0.5cm, and buds with 20cm bases and 15cm tops are excluded; and (4) performing eye injury on buds on the upper back of the branch, wherein the eyes are injured at a position of 0.5cm below the buds except buds with the base part of 15cm and the top part of 10 cm.
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