CN107371965A - A kind of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape and its shaping and trimming method - Google Patents
A kind of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape and its shaping and trimming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107371965A CN107371965A CN201710690173.4A CN201710690173A CN107371965A CN 107371965 A CN107371965 A CN 107371965A CN 201710690173 A CN201710690173 A CN 201710690173A CN 107371965 A CN107371965 A CN 107371965A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
A kind of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape and its shaping and trimming method, its trunk and two major branches form tuning fork shape, 2.9~3.5m of the height of tree, and trunk does high 0.3~0.4m；Two major branches include horizontal component and vertical portion respectively, form "U" shaped, 70~75cm of vertical portion interval of two major branches, on major branch directly raw fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Present invention, avoiding baroque multistage branch in the prior art is tree-like, by Pear trees shape be simplified to for by trunk, major branch, fruit-bearing shoot cluster into it is simple tree-like, simplify it is tree-like after, tree body ventilation and penetrating light is strong, and tree-like specification is neat, and shaping is fast, rational close planting, stable yield, fruit quality is excellent, and shaping and picking operations are simple, its pruning technique can be grasped rapidly after short-term cultivation, not only saving of labor but also laborsaving during operation, significantly improves the production efficiency of fruit tree, injects new blood for the development of fruit industry technology.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, and in particular to a kind of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape and its pruning side
Method.
Background technology
The perennial arbor of pear (Pyrus) rose family (Rosaceae) Maloideae or shrub plant.Pears have higher
Nutritive value and medical value, containing abundant B family vitamin in pears, can cardioprotection, lessen fatigue, it is living to strengthen cardiac muscle
Power, reduce blood pressure；The compositions such as the tannic acid contained by pears, energy expelling phlegm and arresting coughing, have maintenance action to throat.Pear tree is Chinese north and south various regions
A cultivation planting fruit-trees the most universal, in China, the cultivation history of pear tree is existing more than 4000 years, the cultivated area of Chinese pear tree,
Yield ranks first in the world.
The pruning of pear tree is one of link of most critical in pear tree cultivation management, by pruning, is made outside tree crown
The method that shape forms certain shape is referred to as shaping；Directly fruit tree branch, the dry method for cut etc. processing are referred to as trimming.It is logical
Pruning, the nutrient growth of controllable pear tree and reproductive growth are crossed, scientific and rational shaping and trimming method is to ensure that pear tree is high
Production, key high-quality, tree body is healthy.
Pruning is although particularly significant, and still, traditional pruning technique in China is complicated, and specialty requires high, time-consuming,
And fruit industry is relatively low with respect to other industry return rate, and the universal educational level of personnel for being actively engaged in fruit industry production is not high, accordingly, it is capable to
It is few really to grasp the technical staff of pruning principle, along with China's aging degree is aggravated in recent years, in orchard
The personnel for being engaged in farming operations are the elderly mostly, and it will be the biggest problem for facing that the agricultural production in China, which lacks labour,.
In China, the Pear trees shape north still based on traditional evacuation layering shape, southern area using three open-center shape as
Main, two kinds of tree-like branch levels are complicated, time-consuming when building.The Pear trees shape of Europe and Japan and Korea S is simple, but European " V " font
The easy early ageing of tree body, the tree-like result area of Japan and Korea S " Y " font are small.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape and its shaping and trimming method, by the tree-like letter of pear tree
Be melted into for by trunk, major branch, fruit-bearing shoot cluster into it is simple tree-like, tree body ventilation and penetrating light is strong, and tree-like specification is neat, and shaping is fast, closes
Dense planting is managed, stable yield, fruit quality is excellent, and shaping and picking operations are simple, realizes that pear tree limb is classified summary, its shaping is repaiied
The technology of cutting can be grasped rapidly after short-term cultivation, and operation saving of labor is again laborsaving, significantly improves the production efficiency of fruit tree, solves pear tree
The problem of pruning complexity, be easy to mechanically actuated, to Labor-saving, mechanization modern agricultural development pattern provide with reference to according to
According to for the new blood of fruit industry technology development injection.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape, its trunk and two major branches form tuning fork shape, 2.9~3.5m of the height of tree, and pear tree spacing in the rows is
1.4-1.5m trunk does high 0.3-0.4m；Two major branches include horizontal component and vertical portion respectively, form "U" shaped, two major branches
70~75cm of vertical portion interval, on major branch directly raw fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
A kind of shaping and trimming method of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape, comprises the following steps：
1) it is colonized
Annual high 0.3~0.4m, the pear sapling of two major branches of band done is selected as planting stock, wherein, the length of major branch
More than 40cm, 45~55 ° of angle between two major branches, planting stock is colonized in spring, seeding row spacing be (1.4~1.5) ×
(3.5~4.0) m；
2) treelet pruning
Field planting is then：By on two major branches since close to trunk part to the part of 30~40cm length, outwardly facing water
Square to fixation, turn into the horizontal component of major branch, angle is in 135 ° -180 ° between the horizontal component of two major branches, will be removed on two major branches
Remaining branch part outside horizontal component, it is pulled up to vertical, and it is fixed, to keep the apical dominance of major branch；Two major branches
70~75cm of vertical portion interval, selects and remain at least two healthy and strong full buds on trunk, and the bud is supported after sprouting into branch as auxiliary
Branch, length is put, if it intersects with adjoining plant, its cutting back is extremely connected with adjoining plant；
The sprout tillers and branch on trunk in addition to bud is selected and remain are removed in time；On major branch, prosperous branch and back branch was removed, was removed
The overstocked branch of thin and delicate branch, sick branch and interval≤5cm, to golden mean of the Confucian school branch, based on long put；In the winter time, the competing of major branch extending head is removed
Branch is striven, goes to force to stay on weak, lateral bud full, that position is good is stayed on major branch extending head；
Second Year after field planting：After terminal bud on two major branch extending heads, vertical elongation upwards, keep the top of two major branches excellent
Gesture, select and remain bud under full lateral bud or side every 15~20cm on major branch, be used as side shoot after sprouting, side shoot and main branch angles in 60~
75°；
For on major branch raw back bud and interval≤5cm overstocked bud remove in time, it is attached in major branch extending head life
Near competitive branch, pinching processing need to be carried out when its length is 8~10cm in spring；To winter, tuning fork shape Pear trees shape is preliminary
Shaping, the pear tree height of tree are controlled in 2.9~3.5m；
3) result pruning at initial stage
Enter result initial stage within the 3rd year after field planting, keep tree-like, cultivation results branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch, unijunction fruit
Branch interval 15~20cm, 30~40cm of fruit-bearing shoot cluster interval, cultivate the innovation shoot on major branch, 8~10 battalion are stayed altogether on two major branches
Branch is supported, is prepared for pear tree into fruiting period；Whole pear tree height of tree control is in 2.9~3.5m；
4) fruiting period pruning
Into after fruiting period, keep tree-like, regulate and control tree vigo(u)r.
Further, in step 1), the planting stock obtains by the following method：Selection is neat, the pears of robust growth
Tree grafting cultivated, from apart from 30~40cm of ground at cutting back do surely, make to stay two full buds under clip, two buds sprouting
45~55 ° of branch angle, two major branches are formed after two bud rudiments；When major branch length is to length about 40~50cm, to major branch and trunk
Banding fixed is carried out, two major branches is kept angular range, bud picking processing is carried out to remaining bud on trunk；Clay fertilizer water routinely pear tree
Cultivation management method is carried out.
Further, in step 2), the bud selected and remain on trunk, after sprouting into branch, the outside of no major branch, auxiliary support branch length are strapped in
Degree is defined so that the auxiliary support branch complementation of adjacent tree body is not overlapping.
Further, in step 2), Second Year after field planting, in spring, it is 10~15cm the raw side shoot length on major branch
When, side shoot is strutted with 8~10cm long bamboo stick, makes the angular range of side shoot and major branch in 60~75 °.
Preferably, described to keep tree-like in step 4), regulation and control tree vigo(u)r includes：Fruitful branch into flower ability decline when, in time profit
Updated with innovation shoot；Bud is carved by spring, cultivates small-sized fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Major branch bearing capacity decline when, in time with
Auxiliary support branch on trunk cultivates new major branch, carries out changing head as innovation shoot.
Preferably, the above-mentioned pruning process to pear tree coordinates reshaping frame to carry out.
Further, the reshaping frame includes：
Some columns, it is made up of the chassis of concreting with the steel pipe being located on chassis, chassis embedment underground, along cultivation
Row is set, two 8~9m of column interval；Bore at least five hole along its length on steel pipe：1st hole column apart from ground 0.3~
At 0.4m；2nd hole is above the hole of distance the 1st at 1.2~1.3m, and the 3rd hole is above the hole of distance the 2nd at 1.2~1.3m；4th hole
Above the hole of distance the 3rd at 0.15-0.2m；5th hole is above the hole of distance the 4th at 0.05-0.1m；
Support bracing wire, it is same to cultivate in row, the 1st hole of different column steel pipes is sequentially connected with plastic-steel line, forms 1 support
Bracing wire, is also connected respectively to the 2nd hole and the 3rd hole, forms 3 support bracing wires altogether；To the hole of steel pipe top the 5th, connected with plastic-steel line,
To fix bird prevention net；
Diagonal brace, be connected and formed with earth anchor by the 4th hole of plastic-steel line through cultivation row middle part column, plastic-steel line and ground into
45~50 ° of angles.
Further, when building the reshaping frame, the first root post distance set along each cultivation row cultivates start of line side 5
~6m, cultivation row interior edge cultivation direction set gutter, draining furrow width × depth：(30~40) × 30cm, reserve wide 2.5~3.0m's
Operation row, for farm machinery vehicle operation.
The present invention by Pear trees shape be simplified to for by trunk, major branch, fruit-bearing shoot cluster into it is simple tree-like, drawn both at home and abroad
The tree-like advantage of the large fruit tree of pomaceous fruit, overcomes the shortcomings that existing tree-like, simplifies the structure of traditional pear tree multistage branch
Concept, tree-like only 1 trunk, 2 major branches, on major branch directly single of raw result and fruit-bearing shoot cluster, simple in construction, Yi Cheng
Shape, operator easily grasp.
In the Pear trees shape of the present invention, branch amount is small, and tree body illumination is good, divulges information, and goes into operation early, due to being determined using seedlings
Plant, Second Year just has a small amount of yield, and tree body is not high, and as a result face is concentrated, and is easy to pluck, and wide cultivation row is beneficial to mechanization tree body management
Popularization.
It is of the invention with conventional coronule dredge layer shape it is tree-like compared with, at grade, the illumination of tree crown up and down is equal in frame face
Even, sufficient, ventilation and penetrating light is good, and pest and disease damage occurrence probability is reduced, beneficial to raising fruit quality, meanwhile, tree-like branch of the invention
Dry only 3 classifications, skeleton branch directly raw fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the transportation range that trunk conveying nutrition reaches fruit it is remote
Layer shape long-distance transportation is dredged much smaller than coronule, tree nutrient consumption is reduced but the Nutrient Absorption efficiency of fruit is then improved, and one
Determine to also improve fruit quality in degree.
In the shaping and trimming method of the present invention, First Year pruning after field planting, pear tree is tentatively possessed tuning fork shape, be colonized
Second Year is mainly based on nutrient growth afterwards, at the same continue to cultivate it is tree-like, continue after the full lateral bud rudiment of two major branch extending heads to
Upper vertical elongation, keep the apical dominance of two major branches；Tree-like basic shaping in 3rd year, this stage mainly keep tree-like, meanwhile,
Cultivation results branch and branch group, also need to cultivate innovation shoot on major branch, prepared for pear tree into fruiting period.Fruiting period mainly keeps setting
Shape, tree vigo(u)r is controlled, is upgraded in time.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
1) the tuning fork shape Pear trees shape of the present invention, tree body is short and small, plant height 2.9-3.5 rice, with existing plant height generally 4.5
The Pear trees shape of rice or so is compared, and plant height substantially reduces, and tree-like simplification, branch amount is small, and tree body ventilation and penetrating light is strong, and tree-like specification is whole
Together, shaping is fast, and restocking is early, early to go into operation.
2) the tuning fork shape Pear trees shape of the present invention, rational close planting, stable yield, fruit quality is excellent, shaping and picking operations
Simply, it can be operated on tree body two sides, avoid barrel-shaped operating space during operation, it is not necessary to around tree one week, laborsaving saving of labor.
3) pruning technique of the present invention can be grasped rapidly after short-term cultivation, and during operation, not only saving of labor was again laborsaving, aobvious
The production efficiency for improving fruit tree is write, when carrying out pruning, same manpower, 6-7 can be trimmed from existing every 3 hours, carried
Height was by 300/3 hours.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the pear tree reshaping frame and tree body schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is middle pitch fork-shaped Pear trees shape figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
The part for not making special instruction in the shaping and trimming method of the present invention is this area Routine Management technology.
A kind of shaping and trimming method of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape of embodiment
The present embodiment is cultivated tuning fork shape Pear trees shape, comprised the following steps by taking ' kingfisher hat ', ' circle is yellow ' Chinese pear strain as an example：
1. prepare pears seedling
For early restocking, early shaping, early operation, 1 year raw pear tree is selected to do high 0.3~0.4m, the seedlings with two major branches
(cultivation seedling) is colonized.
Wherein, the preliminary re-shaping exercise of seedlings is completed in nursery, and its cultivating process is：Select neat, consistent robust growth
Seedling select full bud to do surely, from 30~40cm of ground cutting back do surely, make under clip choose 2 full buds, two buds hair
About 45~55 ° of angular separation of branch, using three bamboo poles progress banding fixeds during two major branch length about 40~50cm, wherein one
Bamboo pole is used to fix bamboo pole, and remaining two bamboo pole makes its keep above-mentioned angular range for fixing two major branches, and remaining is smeared
Bud processing, routinely management method is carried out clay fertilizer water.
2. build reshaping frame
Such as Fig. 1, reshaping frame is made up of column 1, support bracing wire 2, diagonal brace 3, bird prevention net 4.
Column：Along cultivation row set column 1, cultivation row between every 3.5m set a root post 1, cultivate row in every
9.0m sets a root post, has 5 a diameter of 6~8mm holes on every root post, the 1st hole is in column at the 0.3m of ground；
Equal with a distance from from the 2nd hole of 3 pitch-rows with a distance from from the 1st hole of 2nd pitch-row is 1.3m；From the 3rd hole of 4th pitch-row
For 0.2m；From the 4th hole of 5th pitch-row is 0.1m.
Wherein, the specification of column 1 is：Diameter 65mm, high 4.0m steel pipes (the holding group of capital day steel, model GB/
T13793-2008DN65×6000mm)。
With diameter 4mm sub-thread plastic-steel line, through same the 1st hole cultivated in row on different column steel pipes, support is formed
The hole of bracing wire the 2, the 2nd and the 3rd hole are also carried out respectively, form 3 support bracing wires altogether, and direction is parallel with cultivation row；From steel pipe top the 5th
The plastic-steel line that hole passes through, for fixing bird prevention net 4, the specification of bird prevention net 4 is 2 × 2cm.
Diagonal brace 3 is diameter 8cm bails by one end, and the other end is diameter 1.0cm, long 1.20m reinforcing rods composition, passes through diameter
4th hole of 4~5mm bifilar plastic-steel line and the 3rd root post, plastic-steel line and ground are into 45~50 ° of angles.
First root post of cultivation row is referred to as side column, cultivates the steel pipe distance cultivation start of line side 6m of row side column, is easy to agriculture
Turned around with mechanization vehicle, cultivate in capable and open up one wide × depth apart from column 1m：40 × 30cm draining trench 4, remaining 2.5m
Wide operation row is easy to farm machinery vehicle operation.
In described reshaping frame, the diagonal brace setting of a support and load-bearing effect by the 3rd root post, is different from often in the line
Rule are disposed at the scheme on the outside of cultivation row side column, can save space to greatest extent, operation is provided for mechanical work vehicle
Passage.
3. First Year treelet pruning
It will be grown 1 year in nursery, formed the shaping seedlings of tuning fork shape blank, reshaping frame is being put up in field planting in spring
Cultivation row on, seeding row spacing is 1.5 × 3.5m.' kingfisher hat ' seedlings growing way by force can restocking immediately, ' circle is yellow ' growing way golden mean of the Confucian school, during restocking
Between be later than ' kingfisher hat '.
Two major branches：, close to one section of branch that beam length is 30~40cm, it will be fixed on first with galvanized wire on major branch
At left and right sides of support bracing wire, remaining major branch branch is fixed on second support bracing wire both sides vertically, to keep the top of major branch
Advantage, two major branches complete " U " font shaping.If major branch length is not up to second support bracing wire, can first bondage be fixed on
In first of support bracing wire, prevent strong wind from hanging up, treat that branch length elongation carries out the fixation work of second support bracing wire again.
Distance is 70~75cm between two major branches, and available horizontal thin bamboo is supportted between two trunks, is kept above-mentioned apart from model
Enclose.
Treelet chooses 2 after restocking at first of support bracing wire near the trunk close near first of support bracing wire
The full bud of individual stalwartness, after into branch, branch diameter≤2mm, being strapped in does not have the outer of major branch bondage in first of support bracing wire
Side, branch length by the auxiliary support branch of adjacent tree body it is complementary, not overlapping be defined.
During winter, cutting back during auxiliary support branch juxtaposition, connects between two adjacent trees.During summer, trunk is removed in time
Upper remaining sprout tillers and branch, remove excessively prosperous, back branch on major branch, interval≤5cm overstocked, thin and delicate branch, sick branch, golden mean of the Confucian school branch is with length
Based on putting.Branch extending head stays lateral bud full, that position is good, removes the competition branch of major branch extending head, goes to force to stay on weak.Other tree bodies
Management belongs to conventional cultivation management.
4. Second Year treelet pruning
This stage mainly based on nutrient growth, continues to cultivate tree-like.The full lateral bud rudiment of two major branch extending heads is follow-up
Continuous elongation, vertically upward, keep the apical dominance of two major branches.
The extending head of two major branches is lured to extend to grow at the 3rd support bracing wire and fixed, second and the 3rd support bracing wire
Between major branch be constantly in and fixed perpendicular to the direction of plastic-steel line, upwardly extend.Every 15~20cm intervals on major branch, select and remain
Bud be used as side shoot after sprouting under full lateral bud or side, and side shoot is in 60~75 ° with main branch angles, in spring, branch length for 10~
15cm can strut the angular range of above-mentioned requirements with the long bamboo sticks of 8~10cm.
On major branch raw back bud, overstocked bud (interval≤5cm) removes in time in early stage 5~10cm of length, in the spring
In season, for the raw competitive branch near major branch extending head, pinching processing is carried out in 8~10cm of its length, it is tree-like to winter
Substantially shaping, referring to Fig. 2, wherein, the major branch 2,2 ' of trunk 1 and two forms tuning fork shape, and two major branches include horizontal component and erected respectively
Straight part, form "U" shaped, on major branch directly raw fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
5. the 3rd annual bearing pruning at initial stage
Tree-like basic shaping, height of tree 3.0-3.2 rice, this stage mainly keep tree-like, cultivation results branch and branch group, simultaneously
Also need to cultivate innovation shoot on major branch, prepared for pear tree into fruiting period.Spring major branch extending head vertically the 3rd mould by control
Steel wire 8cm, the trimming of extending head are trimmed according to growing way, and the weak branch of the excessively prosperous utilization of growing way changes head, and growing way selection on the weak side is strengthened
Branch cutting back, controls tree vigo(u)r.Carry out carving bud work on trunk in the first arrival the middle ten days in March, advantageously form more fruitful branches and branch
Group.
Unijunction fruit branch 15~20cm of interval, 30~40cm of fruit-bearing shoot cluster interval, ' kingfisher hat ' nutrition branch (update as the later stage
Branch) two major branches stay 6-8 altogether；' circle is yellow ' nutrition branch (as later stage innovation shoot) two major branches stay 8-10 altogether.
6. fruiting period pruning
This stage mainly keeps tree-like, controls tree vigo(u)r, upgrades in time：Head, which is changed, by two major branch extending heads regulates and controls tree vigo(u)r, knot
Fruit branch is updated using innovation shoot in time when declining into flower ability, is carved bud by spring and is cultivated small-sized fruitful branch and branch group as far as possible, ties
When fruit tree later stage major branch bearing capacity declines, it need to enter in time by the use of the auxiliary support branch of first of plastic-steel line on trunk as innovation shoot
Row renewal, cultivates new major branch.
7. results contrast
By ' kingfisher hat ' and ' the tree-like result situation with conventional happy shape Pear trees shape of tuning fork shape of circle Huang ' two kind is entered
Row compares, referring to table 1.
Table 1
From table 1, ' kingfisher hat ' and ' single fruit weight of circle Huang ' two kind is improved, although the individual plant production of two kinds
Amount is below happy shape, and still, the tree-like planting density of tuning fork shape is more tree-like than happy shape to improve 42.69%, and per mu yield is
Improve, ' kingfisher hat ' output increased 5.8%, ' circle is yellow ' output increased 1.98%.Maturity period " wine cup shape " tree-like ' kingfisher hat ' fruit
Real average soluble solid reaches 11.92%, and ' circle is yellow ' content of fruit soluble solids reaches 10.99%.
It can be seen that compared with happy shape is tree-like, the present invention is tree-like simple, and branch amount is small, and management saves labor, the illumination of tree body
With ventilation and penetrating light condition, significantly improve, tuning fork shape Pear trees shape of the invention, the distance that nutrient reaches fruit shortens, light
According to abundance, fruit quality increases.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape, its trunk and two major branches form tuning fork shape, 2.9~3.5m of the height of tree, pear tree spacing in the rows is
1.4-1.5m trunk does high 0.3-0.4m；Two major branches include horizontal component and vertical portion respectively, form "U" shaped, two major branches
70~75cm of vertical portion interval, on major branch directly raw fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
2. the shaping and trimming method of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape as claimed in claim 1, comprises the following steps：
1) it is colonized
Annual high 0.3~0.4m, the pear sapling of two major branches of band done is selected as planting stock, wherein, the length of major branch is more than
40cm, 45~55 ° of angle between two major branches, planting stock is colonized in spring, seeding row spacing be (1.4~1.5) × (3.5~
4.0)m；
2) treelet pruning
Field planting is then：By on two major branches since close to trunk part to the part of 30~40cm length, outwardly facing level side
To fixation, turn into the horizontal component of major branch, angle is in 135 ° -180 ° between the horizontal component of two major branches, will be on two major branches except level
Remaining branch part outside part, it is pulled up to vertical, and it is fixed, to keep the apical dominance of major branch；Two major branches it is vertical
70~75cm of part interval, at least two healthy and strong full buds are selected and remain on trunk, the bud is used as auxiliary support branch after sprouting into branch, long
Put, if it intersects with adjoining plant, its cutting back is extremely connected with adjoining plant；
The sprout tillers and branch on trunk in addition to bud is selected and remain are removed in time；On major branch, prosperous branch and back branch was removed, was removed thin and delicate
The overstocked branch of branch, sick branch and interval≤5cm, to golden mean of the Confucian school branch, based on long put；In the winter time, the competitive branch of major branch extending head is removed
Bar, goes to force to stay on weak, and lateral bud full, that position is good is stayed on major branch extending head；
Second Year after field planting：After terminal bud on two major branch extending heads, vertical elongation upwards, the apical dominance of two major branches is kept, it is main
Bud under full lateral bud or side is selected and remain every 15~20cm on branch, side shoot is used as after sprouting, side shoot is in 60~75 ° with main branch angles；
For on major branch raw back bud and interval≤5cm overstocked bud remove in time, raw near major branch extending head
Competitive branch, pinching processing need to be carried out when its length is 8~10cm in spring；To winter, tuning fork shape Pear trees shape tentatively into
Shape, the pear tree height of tree are controlled in 2.9~3.5m；
3) result pruning at initial stage
Enter result initial stage within the 3rd year after field planting, keep tree-like, cultivation results branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch, between unijunction fruit branch
Every 15~20cm, 30~40cm of fruit-bearing shoot cluster interval, the innovation shoot on major branch is cultivated, 8~10 nutrition branches are stayed altogether on two major branches,
Prepared for pear tree into fruiting period；Whole pear tree height of tree control is in 2.9~3.5m；
4) fruiting period pruning
Into after fruiting period, keep tree-like, regulate and control tree vigo(u)r.
3. the shaping and trimming method of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described in step 1)
Planting stock obtains by the following method：Selection is neat, the pear-tree grafting seedling of robust growth is cultivated, from apart from ground 30
Cutting back is done surely at~40cm, makes to stay two full buds under clip, 45~55 ° of the hair branch angular separation of two buds, shape after two bud rudiments
Into two major branches；When major branch length is to length about 40~50cm, banding fixed is carried out to major branch and trunk, two major branches is kept angle
Scope, bud picking processing is carried out to remaining bud on trunk；Routinely pear tree cultivation management method is carried out clay fertilizer water.
4. the shaping and trimming method of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in step 2), trunk
On the bud selected and remain, after sprouting into branch, be strapped in the outside of no major branch, auxiliary support branch length is complementary, no with the auxiliary support branch of adjacent tree body
It is overlapping to be defined.
5. the shaping and trimming method of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in step 2), field planting
Second Year afterwards, in spring, life when the side shoot length on major branch is 10~15cm, side shoot is strutted with 8~10cm long bamboo stick,
Make the angular range of side shoot and major branch in 60~75 °.
6. the shaping and trimming method of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described in step 4)
Keep tree-like, regulation and control tree vigo(u)r includes：Fruitful branch is updated using innovation shoot in time into during flower ability decline；Bud, training are carved by spring
Support small-sized fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster；When major branch bearing capacity declines, it is updated using the auxiliary support branch on trunk as innovation shoot,
New major branch is cultivated, carries out changing head.
7. according to the shaping and trimming method of any one of the claim 2-6 tuning fork shape Pear trees shapes, it is characterised in that step
2) in -4), the pruning process to pear tree coordinates reshaping frame to carry out.
8. the shaping and trimming method of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the reshaping frame bag
Include：
Some columns, it is made up of, chassis embedment underground, is set along cultivation row with the steel pipe being located on chassis the chassis of concreting
Put, two 8~9m of column interval；Bore at least five hole along its length on steel pipe：1st hole is in column apart from 0.3~0.4m of ground
Place；2nd hole is above the hole of distance the 1st at 1.2~1.3m, and the 3rd hole is above the hole of distance the 2nd at 1.2~1.3m；4th hole away from
At 0.15-0.2m above the 3rd hole；5th hole is above the hole of distance the 4th at 0.05-0.1m；
Support bracing wire, it is same to cultivate in row, the 1st hole of different column steel pipes is sequentially connected with plastic-steel line, 1 support is formed and draws
Line, is also connected respectively to the 2nd hole and the 3rd hole, forms 3 support bracing wires altogether；To the hole of steel pipe top the 5th, connected with plastic-steel line, with
Fixed bird prevention net；
Diagonal brace, be connected and formed with earth anchor by the 4th hole of plastic-steel line through cultivation row middle part column, plastic-steel line and ground into 45~
50 ° of angles.
9. the shaping and trimming method of tuning fork shape Pear trees shape according to claim 8, it is characterised in that build the reshaping frame
When, the first root post distance set along each cultivation row cultivates the start of line 5~6m of side, and cultivation row interior edge cultivation direction sets draining
Ditch, draining furrow width × depth：(30~40) × 30cm, wide 2.5~3.0m operation row is reserved, for farm machinery vehicle operation.
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| CN108307903A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-24 | 东莞市农业科学研究中心 | A kind of tree-like cultivation system of fig and cultural method |
| CN108804854A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 河北农业大学 | The tree management method for parameter estimation and its system that one planting fruit-trees machinery is pruned |
| CN110463502A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-19 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of south Labor-saving, mechanization theatre garden building method |
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| CN113475291A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-08 | 国家林业和草原局泡桐研究开发中心 | Tree form management method for maintaining light and simplified production of persimmons |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108307903A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-24 | 东莞市农业科学研究中心 | A kind of tree-like cultivation system of fig and cultural method |
| CN108804854A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 河北农业大学 | The tree management method for parameter estimation and its system that one planting fruit-trees machinery is pruned |
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| CN110463502A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-19 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of south Labor-saving, mechanization theatre garden building method |
| CN111567309A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-08-25 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Pear double-U four-dragon trunk planar tree form and shaping method thereof |
| CN113475291A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-08 | 国家林业和草原局泡桐研究开发中心 | Tree form management method for maintaining light and simplified production of persimmons |
| CN113475291B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-10-20 | 中国林业科学研究院经济林研究所 | Tree-shaped management method for maintaining persimmon light and simplified production |
| CN115039617A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-09-13 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Method for pruning cupped natural tree shapes of pear trees |
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