CN103081676A - Fast frame-climbing method of shed frame pear tree boughs - Google Patents
Fast frame-climbing method of shed frame pear tree boughs Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a fast frame-climbing method of shed frame pear tree boughs. The frame-climbing method is carried out on a shed frame of a three-line one plane or two-line one plane mode, and frame climbing is carried out by three steps of strengthening, pulling in an inclined mode, and pulling in a level mode. The first step of strengthening is that young shoots are guided onto an elevation guide line in a vertical mode during a growing season so that the young shoots can keep a vertical growing state. The second step of pulling in an inclined mode is that base parts of the shoots growing vertically are pulled in a level mode and fixed behind the shed frame face during autumn of the same year, and then are guided onto the elevation guide line according to a 45-degree angle, namely, the base parts of the shoots are firstly pulled in a level mode and fixed and then pulled in an inclined mode. The third step of pulling in a level mode is that the shoots are pulled in a level mode and fixed on the shed frame face during autumn of the next year. The fast frame-climbing method has the advantages of being fast in frame-climbing, few in water shoots, small in trimming quantity, large in frame face fruit area, high in output and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pomology, fruit tree field of ecology, particularly relate to a kind of pear tree frame shaping and trimming method.
Background technology
Pear tree pergola system pattern originates from Japan, introduces China the nineties in last century, at present in Jiangsu, 12 provinces (city) such as Shandong, Zhejiang, Hubei, Sichuan, Henan, Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Hebei, Liaoning, area under cultivation reaches 13333hm
2, and be and enlarge year by year trend.Facts have proved, frame is tree-like not only has the windproof advantage, more important to be that the regularity aspect that is embodied in raising fruit quality, especially fruit has conventional without the tree-like unrivaled advantage of frame cultivation, is that China's pears are high-quality, the important way of standardization, Labor-saving cultivation.Because the fruit of pergola system mode is evenly distributed on flat canopy, flat frame face is the carrier of pear fruit, is the platform that pears output forms, the morning and evening that major branch is added and added after can healthy and strong extension to the height of output.Therefore, allow pear tree branch added and key that to be covered with flat frame face be the success or failure of frame pear cultivation as early as possible.
The added technology of frame pears refers to comprise that the major branch bondage is fixed to the frame face and in the healthy and strong correlation technique of extending of frame face.Japan is the cradle of frame pear cultivation technology, and the added method of major branch that adopts at present is: added front major branch adopts auxiliary the luring of bamboo pole to draw, and allows the branch vertical growth, evens up winter then addedly, namely adopts " straight-flat " pattern; Major branch after added is 60 ° of tiltedly vertical growths first, even up winter then addedly again, and " tiltedly-flat " added pattern that namely adopts (carrying out oblique luring by the messenger wire of Japonica type frame draws) is " two steps " added pattern.Up to now, China's frame pear cultivation lacks enough attention and research to added technology, and major branch all adopts added method of " tiltedly-Ping " two step under frame and on frame.It is added that " two steps " added method allows major branch even up too early, due to " the pear tree apical dominance is strong ", cause water sprout to be difficult to control, the back vertical branch " stands in great numbers ", and annual pruning rate is large, and the major branch tip dies down, major branch expansion on the frame face slowly, " tree frame separate ", added " early and unhappy " causes setting body result evening, phenomenon yields poorly.The shortcoming of the added method maximum of major branch " two steps " is that the excessive growth lopwood is many, even the country of origin is Japanese in the pergola system technology, the control of frame pear tree back branch is also the upper maximum difficult point of cultivation, annual bud picking, sparse branching, consume the nutrition of a large amount of tree body, also wasted a large amount of prunings artificial.
On the other hand, cutting back during " two step " added method adopts the major branch elongated shoot causes the rear portion branch to send out branch many, and the length that elongated shoot is extended forward is inadequate, and the major branch base portion increases slightly, hardening and be difficult to addedly, has artificially increased an added difficulty of drawing.In addition, Japan adopts messenger wire formula frame, and the messenger wire of oblique pull can suitably lure the major branch elongated shoot and draw, and the pear tree frame that China adopts belongs to flat frame, without the strong point, gives branch after the added very large difficulty that lured leader tape on frame.Therefore, for frame pear tree major branch " two steps " defective of added method and the difference of Sino-Japan flat shed frame type, the added technology of frame pear tree major branch that research one cover is fit to China's national situation has been the task of top priority.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of invention is to improve the added technology of pear tree frame branch, reach added fast, water sprout is few, pruning rate is little, early yield is high, area is large as a result for the frame face, the purpose that output is high.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
The quick added method of a kind of frame pear tree major branch after fixed doing, when being used for young sprout that major branch cultivates and growing to 60cm, is 45 ° with it and lures and draw on " the major branch position line " that is strapped in " three lines one sides " or " two lines one sides " posture;
" three steps " of the major branch employing of selecting and remain after fixed doing " straight-tiltedly-Ping " is added:
The first step namely " uprightly lures its young sprout and draws " in the season of growth on " three line one sides " or " two line one sides " posture " raise and lure lead-in wire " for holding up " directly ", keeps young sprout to be the vertical growth state;
Second step refers to autumn this vertical growth branch is being evened up then for drawing " tiltedly ", and major branch is fixed on flat frame face apart from its added point or apart from its branching-point 20cm place, then lures by the 45° angle degree to cause on " raise and lure lead-in wire ", namely evens up fixedly post-tensioning " tiltedly "; During its winter pruning, by the substantial degree of " bending method " judgement major branch, the light cutting back of major branch extending head;
The 3rd step referred to this branch be evened up to flat frame face in autumn in next year for drawing " putting down ";
Major branch growth is evened up experience " straight-tiltedly-Ping " three added repetitive processes of step on the whole autumn from pumping to Second Year.
Remove top 1-2 bud when surely doing, select to be used for major branch towards the bud vertical with major branch target bearing of trend and cultivate in 3-5 bud.
" bending method " refers to the major branch elongated shoot for then, holds the base portion of branch during winter pruning with left hand, holds the curved branch of tip folded of branch with the right hand, and the branch bending place is that branch enriches the position, at this position cutting back.
In the 3rd step, branch is evened up in step, and wherein difficult branch of evening up adopts " daraf(reciprocal of farad) is turned round in scuffing " anti-method of drawing of splitting.
" daraf(reciprocal of farad) is turned round in scuffing " namely first vertically scratches the number cutter at the major branch base portion with pruner, and then the long 15 ~ 20cm of wound presses down with the right hand clockwise limit rotation, limit, and branch is pulled to level.
The trunk of frame pear tree is high 1.2～1.3 meters, 2 major branches, without doing at the center, the major branch base angle is 45 degree, the major branch branching-point apart from frame face (height 1.7-1.8m) apart from the 50cm left and right, the added point of major branch is apart from branching-point 70cm left and right, two major branch direct motions are to cultivation;
" three line one sides " refers to the flat shed frame type of the new and improved pear tree of a kind of pear tree, adopt the pear tree of this frame posture cultivation to carry out " wide strain narrow row " field planting, flat frame face is high 1.7～1.8 meters, on the basis of conventional flat frame, direct motion is to setting up from the bottom to top three road iron wires, be that under frame, 30cm draws one roll off the production line i.e. " major branch position line ", be used for major branch and locate, remove after major branch is added; On frame, one reach the standard grade i.e. " raising position line " drawn in the 50cm direct motion, is used for raising to lure and drawing of major branch elongated shoot; On frame, 1.6m sets up " bird prevention net line ", consists of " three line one sides " posture together with flat frame face;
" two line one sides " posture is the reduced form of " three line one sides " posture, does not establish " bird prevention net line ", keeps by " major branch position line " and " raise and lure lead-in wire ".
Frame pears branch " straight-tiltedly-Ping " three added methods of step are conducive to overcome the problems such as frame pears branch is added slowly, water sprout is many, but two large technological difficulties must be arranged: the one, and how branch urgees its Fast Growth, enlarges rapidly tree crown; The 2nd, the how not splitting when falling of upright branch.For this reason, 6 supporting technologies such as " uprightly lure and draw " and " branch is drawn in anti-splitting " below patent of invention adopts, and carry out integrated innovation.
1, uprightly lure the technology of drawing.Lure the mode of drawing different from traditional, this added technology is not to carry out oblique luring to the frame face to draw in vegetative period to branch, draws but uprightly lure with added opposite direction.Practice shows, the pear tree apical dominance is very strong, lures uprightly that to draw be the key that branch extends fast, is conducive to the young sprout elongated shoot and obtains larger amount of growth.On the other hand, uprightly lure the long shoot branch hardness of drawing rear generation to be significantly less than brachyplast, like this for added favourable of evening up of branch.Therefore, uprightly luring the technology of drawing is first key technology of the added method of this patent " three steps ".
2, the bud position of added major branch or branch position are vertical with bearing of trend.The bud selection that is used for the cultivation major branch after surely doing is selected, changing " bud is to consistent with the major branch direction " is " bud to major branch perpendicular direction ", lure to the target bearing of trend of major branch again after branch grows and draw, can avoid like this drawing a splitting, it is added easier to make, and this is second key technology of " three steps " added method.
3, the season of growth " substep is dynamically evened up " technology.This technology draws branch to process (branch after the young sprout fallen leaves is called annotinous branch) for the season of growth of the Second Year of the annotinous branch of oblique living state.It is " Second Year is evened up autumn " that the major branch that changes front traditional frame " is evened up " then winter; Change and " dynamically even up " for the season of growth winter " disposable evening up ".Annotinous branch then autumns 45 the degree oblique pull be fixed on raise luring lead-in wire upper after, Second Year season of growth clip bud uprightly lures when drawing, young sprout extension along with clip bud pumping, the plagiotropic growth of drop-down last year, gradually to level, reduction young sprout branch position, and oppositely draw branch to make it upright, keep shoot growth upright season.Be dynamically to even up autumn, avoided evening up winter the previous year and cause the problem that branch position is flat, apical dominance is weak, water sprout is many, and branch has stopped longly when evening up autumn, resin still flows, and can very effectively avoid branch to be drawn and split.This technology is the 3rd key technology of " three steps " added method, is also the original creation technology of patent of the present invention.
4, autumn, the branch base portion was evened up fixing.Autumn is in conjunction with the enforcement of " substep is dynamically evened up " technology, be pulled to the position about major branch elongated shoot young sprout base portion 20cm closely horizontal, and then branch is raised to lure cause 45 degree, press down difficulty or draw and split phenomenon in the time of can effectively avoiding upright branch to draw winter.That is to say, have during annual major branch elongated shoot oblique pull in autumn one " first press afterwards and lift ", " first flat after straight " draw branch to lure to draw process.This anti-splitting technology is the 4th key technology of " three steps " added method.
5, elongated shoot gently cuts and directly draws.Utilize " curved branch method " judgement branch to enrich degree, changing traditional branch elongated shoot " middle cutting back method " is " light cutting back+uprightly lure and draw ".Can reduce taking out of rear portion long shoot and send out, strengthen the apical dominance of clip bud, similar slow the putting of such branch, because the rear portion does not have prosperous branch, base portion increases slightly slower, is conducive to prevent the splitting when branch draws.This is the 5th key technology of " three steps " added method.
6, " pressure is turned round in scuffing " anti-technology of drawing of splitting.Autumn is in conjunction with the enforcement of " substep is dynamically evened up " technology, be pulled to the position about major branch elongated shoot young sprout base portion 20cm closely horizontal, and then branch is raised to lure cause 45 degree, press down difficulty or draw and split phenomenon in the time of can effectively avoiding upright branch to draw winter.That is to say, have during annual major branch elongated shoot oblique pull in autumn one " first press afterwards and lift ", " first flat after straight " draw branch to lure to draw process.This anti-splitting technology is the 4th key technology of " three steps " added method.
Beneficial effect
1, compare with " two steps " the added method of " tiltedly-Ping " on frame under " tiltedly-Ping ", frame on " straight-Ping "+frame under " three step " added method and frame, the following advantage of main manifestations: (1) is added soon." three steps " added method has increased uprightly to lure and has drawn step on the basis of traditional " two steps " method, has brought into play major branch elongated shoot clip bud apical dominance.Young sprout is kept upright before long not stopping, and is conducive to the inhibition of growth and bud.More than the elongated shoot young sprout can reach 1.5m, can be paved with quickly the frame face, increase respectively 41.9% and 87.6%, become 2 ~ 3 years ahead of time garden time.(2) water sprout is few, and pruning rate is little.The excessive growth lopwood reduces respectively 79.2%, 83.7%, and the shaping workload reduces respectively 31.0%, 37.5%; (3) early yield is high.The growth stimulation of clip bud mainly comes from uprightly to lure and draws, rather than traditional middle cutting back (several 50% left and right of minimizing bud), due to cutting back degree light (the bud number reduces by 25% left and right), the branch expanded range enlarges, tree crown forms soon, is conducive to simultaneously the formation of fruit spur due to light cutting back, has improved the early yield of frame pears, overcome frame pear tree early yield problem on the low side, early yield (the 4th year) improves respectively 86.2% and 148.2%; (4) area is large as a result for the frame face, and output is high.Traditional " two steps " added method does not uprightly lure and draws, and even up too early, the branch growth falls short of, nutrition concentrates on the rear portion, limited the expansion of tree crown, caused the tip elongated shoot of major branch slowly to be difficult to extend at the frame face, " large empty " on the frame face therefore occurred, the availability of frame face is lower, is in for a long time the low yield level." three steps ", added method can make major branch capture rapidly the frame space of planes, and frame face availability is high, and the full bearing period, (the 8th year) output improved respectively 54.2% and 66.9%.
2, adopt in the whole new shoot elongation stage technology of drawing (Fig. 3) that uprightly lures.Increase uprightly lures the technology of drawing in added process, is the most significantly difference of " three steps " added method and " two steps " added method." three steps ", added technology was not to carry out oblique luring to the frame face to draw in the season of growth to branch, drew but uprightly lure with added opposite direction.Draw the branch practice to show, long branch not only can enlarge tree crown fast, and is conducive to reduce branch hardness, and is easier when making branch added.Raising of posture of the ingenious utilization of this patent " three line one sides " (or " two line one sides ") lures lead-in wire, makes " three steps " added method have more operability.
3, this patent overcomes because uprightly luring to draw increases branch and lures to the frame face and draw difficulty, and develop a cover " anti-splitting " and draw a technology, be the integrated innovation to pear tree branch administrative skill, for " three steps " added method provides technical support." anti-splitting " of the present invention draws a technology to create or integrated following 5 key technologies.
1) added technology is selected in the bud position.This patent proposes to change " bud is to consistent with the major branch direction " first on the frame pear cultivation be " bud to major branch perpendicular direction " Fig. 2, is to avoid one of key technology of drawing a splitting.
2) season of growth " substep dynamically draws branch " technology.Changing " even up winter the previous year " is " Second Year is evened up autumn "; Change and " dynamically even up " season for root growth winter " disposable evening up ".Dynamically even up autumn, avoided evening up winter the previous year causing the problem that branch position is flat, apical dominance is weak, water sprout is many, and branch stopped longly when evening up autumn, and resin still flows, and can very effectively avoid branch to be drawn and split.This technology is the original creation technology of this patent.
3) the horizontal technique for fixing of branch base portion in autumn.Autumn is in conjunction with the enforcement of " substep is dynamically evened up " technology, be pulled to the position about major branch elongated shoot young sprout base portion 20cm closely horizontal, and then branch is raised to lure cause 45 degree, press down difficulty or draw and split phenomenon in the time of can effectively avoiding upright branch to draw winter.
4) elongated shoot gently cuts pruning.By the substantial degree to branch tip bending method judgement branch, after enriching the position judgement, change traditional branch elongated shoot full bud place " middle cutting back " in the middle part of branch and at the substantial bud place on branch top " light cutting back ", coordinate uprightly luring of the season of growth to draw.The light cutting back of elongated shoot can reduce taking out of the strong tip of postmedian and send out, uprightly lure and draw the apical dominance of strengthening the clip bud, the similar slow branch of putting of its effect is owing to there is no prosperous branch near this class branch base portion, it is slower that base portion increases rugose wood speed, is conducive to draw branch added and prevent from occurring when branch from drawing splitting.
5) " daraf(reciprocal of farad) is turned round in scuffing ".Autumn is in conjunction with the enforcement of " substep is dynamically evened up " technology, be pulled to the position about major branch elongated shoot young sprout base portion 20cm closely horizontal, and then branch is raised to lure cause 45 degree, press down difficulty or draw and split phenomenon in the time of can effectively avoiding upright branch to draw winter.That is to say, have during annual major branch elongated shoot oblique pull in autumn one " first press afterwards and lift ", " first flat after straight " draw branch to lure to draw process.
Description of drawings
The added method schematic diagram of Fig. 1 major branch " three steps "
0, trunk; 1a major branch first order branch (the added first step: upright)
1b major branch first order branch (added second step: tiltedly give birth to)
1c major branch first order branch (added the 3rd step: level)
The major branch position line of A " three line one sides " (or " two line one sides ")
The flat frame face of B " three line one sides " (or " two line one sides ")
Raising of C " three line one sides " (or " two line one sides ") lures lead-in wire
The bud position selection that Fig. 2 major branch is cultivated and young sprout thereof lure and draw schematic diagram
01 towards perpendicular to the bud (selection) 02,03 of the major branch extending direction bud consistent with the major branch extending direction
Major branch elongated shoot 1b 45 degree after 1a uprightly lures lure the major branch elongated shoot of drawing
The added law technology schematic flow sheet of Fig. 3 major branch " three steps "
0 trunk 1a major branch first order branch (the added first step: upright)
1b major branch first order branch (added second step: tiltedly give birth to)
1c major branch first order branch Second Year is evened up (added the 3rd step: level) in autumn
2a major branch second-order branching (the added first step: upright);
2b major branch second-order branching (added second step: tiltedly give birth to);
2c major branch second-order branching is evened up (added the 3rd step: level) in the 3rd year autumn
3a major branch third level branch (the added first step: upright)
3b major branch third level branch (added second step: tiltedly give birth to)
The major branch position line of A " three line one sides " (or " two line one sides ")
The flat frame face of B " three line one sides " (or " two line one sides ")
Raising of C " three line one sides " (or " two line one sides ") lures lead-in wire
D branch in autumn base portion level is fixed
E annual branch light cutting back in winter
F1, the f2 season of growth " substep dynamically draws branch "
1. 2., after fixed doing, branch is dynamically drawn in current growth season in season;
3. 4. 5. 6., after fixed doing, the Second Year season of growth is dynamically drawn branch;
7. 8. 9. 10., after fixed doing, the 3rd year season of growth dynamically drawn branch
Fig. 4 " curved branch method " schematic diagram
Finger is held the base portion of branch for major branch elongated shoot (annual) with left hand during winter pruning, hold the curved branch of the tip folded of branch with the right hand, and the branch bending place is that branch enriches the position, at this position cutting back.
Anti-the splitting of Fig. 5 " daraf(reciprocal of farad) is turned round in scuffing " drawn a method schematic diagram
A major branch tip upright one, biennial branch
B major branch tip tiltedly give birth to one, biennial branch
The g pruner
H " scuffing ": count cutter in the rip cutting of pear tree branch base portion with pruner
J, k " turn round " " pressure " process: two hold branch, press down k to flat canopy netting twine B when the right hand turns clockwise j, force down the branch angle progressively added.
Embodiment
Experimental cultivar: emerald green hat, chrysanthemum; Carry out the added method test of frame major branch " three steps " in the theatre, take " two steps " added method as contrast.
" three steps " quick added method that the present invention proposes is at utility model patent that the inventor applies on the same day---carries out on the basis of the flat shed frame type of the new and improved pear tree of a kind of frame (" three lines one sides " or " two lines one sides " posture) and patent of invention " both arms direct motion formula " the frame Pear trees shape applied on the same day.This posture is on the basis of flat canopy line B, under frame, direct motion is to being provided with major branch position line A, on frame, direct motion is provided with to raise and lures lead-in wire C, tree-like two the major branch left and right direct motions of " both arms direct motion formula " frame are to extension, can utilize fixedly major branch base angle of major branch position line A, then utilize to raise to lure lead-in wire C uprightly to lure to draw operation.
" three steps " added method i.e. " straight-tiltedly-Ping " added method Fig. 1.The first step is for holding up " directly " Fig. 1-1a, after after fixed doing, major branch is cultivated branch and grown, its base angle is fixed on major branch position line A, then in the season of growth, it uprightly lured to cause raising of " three lines one sides " and lure on lead-in wire C, keeps the erectility of shoot growth; Second step lures to cause to raise to this branch (having become annual branch) 45 degree then to lure on lead-in wire C for drawing " tiltedly " 1-1b autumn; The 3rd step namely evens up to flat frame face B this branch (become 2 years and given birth to branch) for drawing " putting down " 1-1c autumn.Even up " three steps " added process of experience added " straight-tiltedly-Ping " from the young sprout pumping when Second Year is pruned autumn, last nearly 2 years.
The specific operation process of " three steps " added method:
First Year, after clip young sprout after fixed doing is taken out and is sent out, remove top 1-2 bud pumping the tender tip (because of its growth angle too upright), the young sprout of selecting to grow towards bud Fig. 2-01 vertical with major branch target bearing of trend in 3-5 bud is used for the major branch cultivation, during branch pumping 60cm, by the major branch position line A of " three line one sides " novel frame posture, fixedly the major branch base angle is 45 degree.When young sprout grows to 100cm, 150cm, successively utilize flat frame face B, raise and lure lead-in wire C to carry out " uprightly lure and draw " Fig. 3-1.-1a, uprightly lure and draw rear branch and occur when long saggingly oppositely drawing branch or drawing with auxiliary the luring of bamboo pole, make the shoot growth shape of being kept upright; When young sprout stops length, branch is evened up autumn then, meet upright excessive growth branch when being difficult to even up, adopt " scuffing is turned round and drawn " anti-splitting to draw method Fig. 4, namely first scratch the number cutter at the major branch base portion with pruner Fig. 4-g, long 15 ~ 20cm Fig. 4-the h of wound, then press down Fig. 4-k with the right hand clockwise limit rotation diagram 4-j, limit, branch is pulled to level.After young sprout after evening up is strapped in flat frame face B apart from its added some 20cm Fig. 3-2.-d, young sprout is lifted to the miter angle degree, lures to cause to raise to lure lead-in wire C, branch becomes plagiotropic growth bar after level by vertical branch Fig. 3-1a, and namely 1a becomes d+1b Fig. 3-2..During winter pruning, judge the substantial degree of branch by " bending method " Fig. 4, enrich the place at eye and carry out light cutting back Fig. 4-e, Fig. 3-2.-1b-e, clip bud selection select side position bud (bud towards vertical with the bearing of trend of major branch elongated shoot); With pruner eliminate from added point begin 20cm areal map 3-2.-all backs in d and side position bud, prevent from that prosperous branch from taking out to send out.
after Second Year major branch elongated shoot clip bud is taken out and is sent out young sprout Fig. 3-3.-2a, the competitive branch under the clip of erasing early, and utilize to raise and luring lead-in wire to lure to draw, keep branch growing upright shape, when the young sprout of pumping grows to over 100cm, adopt the season of growth " substep dynamically draws a method " Fig. 3-f1 force down major branch elongated shoot Fig. 3 of First Year winter pruning cutting back-3.-1b the male character types in Chinese operas, usu. referring tov the bearded character degree, keep again simultaneously major branch elongated shoot young sprout 2a vertical growth, namely after surely doing the Second Year season of growth to the middle part of major branch elongated shoot Fig. 3 of the drop-down First Year winter pruning of flat frame face B direction cutting back-3.-1b, making major branch elongated shoot Fig. 2 of First Year cutting back in winter-4.-1b clip bottom just in time be fixed on to raise lures on lead-in wire C, then oppositely draw branch, keep branch vertical growth Fig. 3-4.-2a, growth along with young sprout, major branch elongated shoot Fig. 2 of drop-down First Year cutting back in winter-4.-1b uses the same method again, method is further to tighten up former drop-down static line, force down branch to flat frame face B, the major branch elongated shoot clip that makes First Year cutting back in winter lures Fig. 3-5.-1b between lead-in wire C peace frame face B raising, after autumn, young sprout stopped length, major branch elongated shoot Fig. 3 of further drop-down First Year cutting back in winter-5.-1b, make it horizontal Fig. 3-6.-1c, then that major branch elongated shoot young sprout Fig. 3 that will be then-5.-2a pulls into is horizontal (can assist with bamboo pole when frame veil line is not enough and draw), be fixed on frame face B apart from this young sprout branching-point 20cm place's bondage, again major branch elongated shoot 2a oblique pull is become the miter angle degree, namely 2a becomes d+2b Fig. 3-6., 2b is strapped in to raise lure on lead-in wire.During winter pruning, by the substantial degree of " bending method " judgement branch, light cutting back Fig. 3-6.-2b-e.So far, the Their First Branch of major branch becomes 1c by 1a, and namely major branch is added to flat frame face.
The cultivation of the 3rd year added rear major branch elongated shoot of beginning is added.Identical with the method for Second Year, when major branch elongated shoot clip young sprout Fig. 3-7.-3a length surpasses 100cm, adopt the season of growth " substep dynamically draws a method " Fig. 3-f2, the major branch of Second Year cutting back in winter extends Fig. 3-8.-2b, Fig. 3-9.-2b evened up added Fig. 3-10.-2c the 3rd year autumn, major branch elongated shoot 3a becomes that d+3b Fig. 3-10., light cutting back Fig. 2-10.-3b-e is carried out in winter pruning.In this way, the major branch branch constantly extends to the frame face.
" three line one sides " posture is the flat shed frame type of a kind of new and improved pear tree.Adopt the pear tree of this pergola system to adopt " wide strain narrow row " field planting, seeding row spacing is 4m * 3m.This frame on the basis of the flat frame of routine direct motion to setting up from bottom to up three road iron wires, consist of " three line one sides " posture together with flat frame face, be that under frame, direct motion 30cm draws one and rolls off the production line by (" major branch position line "), be used for the major branch location, remove after major branch is added; On frame, the 50cm direct motion is drawn one and is reached the standard grade (" raising position line "), is used for raising to lure and drawing of major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster; On frame, 1.6m sets up the bird prevention net line.The advantage of this posture is on the basis of flat frame face, two shaping boost lines of " major branch position line " and " raising position line " have vertically been increased, be conducive to the maintenance of tip extending head growth potential, the tree-like major branch tip growth of traditional frame is weak, water sprout is many, problem effect that yield poorly is obvious, for simplification and Labor-saving that frame is tree-like have been created condition for overcoming.
High 1.2～the 1.3m of " both arms direct motion formula " the tree-like trunk of frame, 2 major branches are done without the center, the major branch base angle is 45 degree, the major branch branching-point is the 50cm left and right apart from the vertical range of frame face (height 1.7-1.8m), and the added point of major branch is apart from its branching-point 70cm left and right, and two major branch direct motions are to cultivation.
Result of the test shows: more than major branch elongated shoot young sprout can reach 1.5m, can be paved with quickly the frame face, increase respectively 41.9% and 87.6%, become 2 ~ 3 years ahead of time garden time.The excessive growth lopwood reduces respectively 79.2%, 83.7%, and the shaping workload reduces respectively 31.0%, 37.5%; Early yield (the 4th year) improves respectively 86.2% and 148.2%; " three steps ", added method can make major branch capture rapidly the frame space of planes, and frame face availability is high, and the full bearing period, (the 8th year) output improved respectively 54.2% and 66.9%.
The branch growth fraction of table 1 frame pear tree major branch " three steps " and " two steps " added method
Table 2 frame pear tree major branch " three steps " compares with " two steps " added method tree crown formation time, the shaping amount of labour used and fruit yield
The branch growth fraction of table 1 frame pear tree major branch " three steps " and " two steps " added method
(annotate: experimental condition is that " three line one sides " posture and both arms direct motion formula frame are tree-like, the statistics take single major branch as unit)
Table 2 frame pear tree major branch " three steps " becomes garden time, the shaping amount of labour used and fruit early yield relatively with " two steps " added method tree crown skeleton
(annotate: experimental condition is tree-like for the both arms direct motion formula frame that adopts " three line one sides " posture)
Claims (6)
1. quick added method of frame pear tree major branch is characterized in that: after fixed doing, when being used for young sprout that major branch cultivates and growing to 60cm, it is 45 ° lures and draw on " the major branch position line " that is strapped in " three lines one sides " or " two lines one sides " posture;
" three steps " of the major branch employing of selecting and remain after fixed doing " straight-tiltedly-Ping " is added:
The first step namely " uprightly lures its young sprout and draws " in the season of growth on " three line one sides " or " two line one sides " posture " raise and lure lead-in wire " for holding up " directly ", keeps young sprout to be the vertical growth state;
Second step refers to autumn this vertical growth branch is being evened up then for drawing " tiltedly ", and major branch is fixed on flat frame face apart from its added point or apart from its branching-point 20cm place, then lures by the 45° angle degree to cause on " raise and lure lead-in wire ", namely evens up fixedly post-tensioning " tiltedly "; During its winter pruning, by the substantial degree of " bending method " judgement major branch, the light cutting back of major branch extending head;
The 3rd step referred to this branch be evened up to flat frame face in autumn in next year for drawing " putting down ";
Major branch growth is evened up experience " straight-tiltedly-Ping " three added repetitive processes of step on the whole autumn from pumping to Second Year.
2. the added method of major branch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: describedly remove top 1-2 bud when surely doing, select to be used for the major branch cultivation towards the bud vertical with major branch target bearing of trend in 3-5 bud.
3. the added method of major branch as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described " bending method " refers to the major branch elongated shoot for then, hold the base portion of branch during winter pruning with left hand, hold the curved branch of tip folded of branch with the right hand, the branch bending place is that branch enriches the position, at this position cutting back.
4. the added method of major branch as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described branch is evened up in step, and wherein difficult branch of evening up adopts " daraf(reciprocal of farad) is turned round in scuffing " anti-method of drawing of splitting.
5. the added method of major branch as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described " daraf(reciprocal of farad) is turned round in scuffing " namely first vertically scratches the number cutter at the major branch base portion with pruner, then the long 15 ~ 20cm of wound presses down with the right hand clockwise limit rotation, limit, and branch is pulled to level.
6. the added method of major branch as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the trunk of described frame pear tree is high 1.2～1.3 meters, 2 major branches, do without the center, the major branch base angle is 45 degree, the major branch branching-point apart from frame face (height 1.7-1.8m) apart from the 50cm left and right, the added point of major branch is apart from branching-point 70cm left and right, two major branch direct motions are to cultivation;
Described " three line one sides " refers to the flat shed frame type of the new and improved pear tree of a kind of pear tree, adopt the pear tree of this frame posture cultivation to carry out " wide strain narrow row " field planting, flat frame face is high 1.7～1.8 meters, on the basis of conventional flat frame, direct motion is to setting up from the bottom to top three road iron wires, be that under frame, 30cm draws one roll off the production line i.e. " major branch position line ", be used for major branch and locate, remove after major branch is added; On frame, one reach the standard grade i.e. " raising position line " drawn in the 50cm direct motion, is used for raising to lure and drawing of major branch elongated shoot; On frame, 1.6m sets up " bird prevention net line ", consists of " three line one sides " posture together with flat frame face;
Described " two line one sides " posture is the reduced form of " three line one sides " posture, does not establish " bird prevention net line ", keeps by " major branch position line " and " raise and lure lead-in wire ".
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| CN107006280A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-08-04 | 广西现代园林绿化工程种苗有限公司 | The method of the quick restocking of Kiwi berry |
| CN112889524A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-04 | 山东省果树研究所 | Reverse branch pulling device and method for close planting pear orchard |
| CN114698482A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-05 | 何权 | Double-arm forward-walking type shed frame pear branch sorting method |
| CN115843603A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-28 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Novel summer branch pulling method for shed frame pear trees |
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Application publication date: 20130508 Assignee: Hubei Yifanberry Ecological Agriculture Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: INSTITUTE OF FRUIT AND TEA, HUBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2022420000082 Denomination of invention: A kind of fast racking method for main branches of pear tree on trellis Granted publication date: 20140402 License type: Common License Record date: 20220907 Application publication date: 20130508 Assignee: Guangshui City Baoli Farmers Planting Professional Cooperative Assignor: INSTITUTE OF FRUIT AND TEA, HUBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2022420000084 Denomination of invention: A kind of fast racking method for main branches of pear tree on trellis Granted publication date: 20140402 License type: Common License Record date: 20220908 |
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