CN103518585B - Field management method for increasing production of grapes - Google Patents
Field management method for increasing production of grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN103518585B CN103518585B CN201310506498.4A CN201310506498A CN103518585B CN 103518585 B CN103518585 B CN 103518585B CN 201310506498 A CN201310506498 A CN 201310506498A CN 103518585 B CN103518585 B CN 103518585B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a field management method for increasing production of grapes, and belongs to the field of grape cultivation. The field management method specifically includes the operation procedures of soil selection and plantation, field management at the early stage of budding and blossoming, field management at the late stage of fruit setting and field management after berries are formed. According to the field management method, farm chemical waste is reduced and the effect of increasing production and income is achieved through the principle of prevention first and prevention and treatment second and combination with selection of appropriate soil and reasonable field management.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to viticulture field, be specifically related to a kind of field management method of grape yield increasing.
Background technology
At present, grape can grow at different soil, but different soil condition has different impacts to the growth of grape and result; Meanwhile, in grape growth process, many insects are had to have a strong impact on the seed output and quality of grape.For this reason, people carry out pest control by selecting different medicines, but when the time of drug use is different with dosage, also different to the control efficiency of insect.Although present people carry out pest control through conventional various agricultural chemicals, be all adopt a large amount of agricultural chemicals all the time, uncertainly can obtain good control efficiency; Both waste agricultural chemicals like this, the grape of high-quality can't be produced.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of damage by disease and insect field management method, mainly relying mainly on prevention, reduce the loss, thus reach volume increase, increase income the feature of grape.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A field management method for grape yield increasing, comprise soil and to select and plantation, bloom field management in early stage, later stage field management of bearing fruit, the berry of sprouting form rear field management, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) soil is selected and plantation: a, is selected the fertile sandy loam of soil property, has been planted in slope, draining easily on soil; The selection of b, plantation frame: the flying bird shape posture selecting high 1.8 meters;
(2) sprout bloom early stage field management:
A sterilization: adopt spray-on process, spray lime sulfur 200 times of liquid, spray whole orchard, spray again once after 7 days for before rudiment 7-10 days;
B deinsectization and fertilising: during the fine hair phase, Bao Guoliang 400 times of liquid, thiophanate-methyl 600-800 times liquid and Imidacloprid 1800-2000 times of liquid three are mixed rear use, remove and hinder leaf insect, adopts spray-on process to spray whole strain sprout;
With Bao Guoliang 500 times of liquid with greenly protect 1500-1800 times of liquid after sprouting, both are used in combination, adopt spray-on process to spray whole strain sprout once;
When 5-8 opens blade, hold beautiful 1800-1200 times liquid, liquid fertilizer Bao Guoliang 500 times of liquid, the happy 800 times of liquid of liquid fertilizer applying with liquid fertilizer fruit, three is used in combination, and blade surface and bottom surface are respectively sprayed once, extracts all young sprouts simultaneously and stays top blastogenesis long;
Bloom when within first 3 days, having 10-12 to open blade, used in combination with chlormequat 1500 times of liquid, bag fruit excellent 1000-1500 times liquid and 1500 times, the Portugal liquid three that converges, spray once.
(3) to bear fruit later stage field management: supplement the nutrients and desinsection, 7 days after naturally bearing fruit, the agent of blade spraying high nitrogen nutrition, amino acid, both mixing cypermethrins 500-800 times of liquid prevents and kills the disease after bearing fruit;
(4) berry forms rear field management: berry, when 3-4 gram, sprays with microwax 1000-1500 times liquid and once protects blade face and berry, sprayed once every 5-7 days again; Pluck when berry is ripe; In the winter time, prune during fallen leaves, the long tip saves at 10-16, in send 5-8 joint, stay 2-3 vegetative shoot to do innovation shoot every year.
In order to better facilitate draining, in described step (1), sloping soil is the soil of ramp angles at 30 degree of-40 degree.
In order to make growing point upright, described step (2) also comprises the step for making growing point upright, namely blooms and starts to control water for first 10 days, forbids fertilising.
In described step (2), lime sulfur can substitute with tpn 500-800 times liquid.
In described step (2), during the fine hair phase, thiophanate-methyl can substitute with thiophanate methyl.
In order to better reach desinsection and absorb nutrition, the deinsectization of described step (2) is with in fertilising, and it is 400:700:1800 that fine hair phase Bao Guoliang, thiophanate-methyl, Imidacloprid mix the proportioning simultaneously used;
Bao Guoliang after sprouting, green to protect proportioning used in combination be 500:1600;
When 5-8 opens blade, liquid fertilizer fruit holds U.S., to apply happy proportioning used in combination be 1800:500:800 for liquid fertilizer Bao Guoliang, liquid fertilizer;
Blooming, first 3 days chlormequats, bag fruit are excellent and to converge Portugal's proportioning used in combination be 1500:1200:1500.
Preferably, described step (3) also comprises the control of contracting fruit disease, and concrete operations spray once for supplementing the nutrients and holding U.S. 800 times of liquid, the bag excellent 1000 times of liquid of fruit and microwax 1200-1500 times of liquid mixing with fruit after desinsection, spray once again, form diaphragm every 5 days.
Supplement the nutrients and desinsection described in described step (3), also first can spray high nitrogen nutrition agent, amino acid, draw leaf-fruit ratio, after 3 days, spray fruit face with cypermethrin 500-800 times of liquid again.
By such scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
First, by selecting fertile sandy loam, the grape appearance luster cultivated is good, fruit powder is thick, and skin is thin, toughness is strong, crisp, the sugary height of pulp, thick flavor; By selecting sloping landform, can draining in time when raining heavily, strengthen the gas permeability of soil.
Secondly, the present invention selects the pesticide-germicide method of putting prevention first, and can reduce the loss, the object reach volume increase, increasing income, and can turn out the grape of high-quality simultaneously.
Again, grape posture should adopt flying bird shape posture, and the most suitable and operation, flying bird posture is high 1.8 meters, is convenient to ventilate and printing opacity, reduces terrestrial surface radiation and damage by disease and insect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further, but the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.
A field management method for golden finger grape yield increasing, comprises soil and to select and plantation, bloom field management in early stage, bear fruit later stage field management and the berry of sprouting form the steps such as rear field management.Its concrete implementation step is as follows:
(1) soil selection and plantation comprise: first, select the sandy loam that soil property is fertile, by wine-growing in sloping draining easily soil; Such selection, is conducive to the convenience of draining during rainy ponding.The gradient on slope, soil is 30 degree of-40 degree, and such gradient is conducive to ponding when maximized discharge is rained.
Secondly, the selection of plantation frame: the flying bird shape posture selecting high 1.8 meters; The height that flying bird posture is 1.8 meters is the height that two branches take off, and parallel height is 2 meters, such height, is conducive to run convenient when managing and tie up branch and plucking sublateral shoot, makes its action unaffected.
(2) to sprout field management in early stage of blooming: a sterilization: in order to prevent two spotted spider mite and scale insect on grape flowers to the generation of the insect pest of flowers and flowers phase rust, powdery mildew, bactericide lime sulfur water was diluted 200 times of liquid in before rudiment 7-10 days, adopt spray-on process to spray complete stool and whole orchard, spray again once after 7 days; Lime sulfur can be replaced with tpn water dilution 500-800 times of liquid.
Meanwhile, in order to make plant strain growth point upright, blooming and starting to control water for first 10 days, forbid fertilising.Here, control water mainly refers to and carrys out moisture needed for regulating plant by slight irrigation, because heavy irrigation moisture can make grape growth point bend.
B. deinsectization and fertilising: in order to prevent and remove the insect hindering leaf and root, 400 times of liquid, methyl sulfur bacterium Lingshui Spring dilution 600-800 times of liquid, Imidacloprid water dilution 1800-2000 times of liquid is diluted with Bao Guoliang water during the fine hair phase, leaf insect is hindered in three's removal used in combination, spray-on process is adopted to spray whole strain sprout, generally in order to reach the effect better removed and hinder leaf worm, Bao Guoliang, thiophanate-methyl and Imidacloprid water dilution proportioning used in combination is that 400:700:1800 is optimum; Here, thiophanate-methyl can be substituted with thiophanate methyl.
After sprouting with Bao Guoliang water dilute 500 times of liquid and green protect water dilution 1500-1800 times of liquid, both are used in combination, adopt spray-on process to spray whole strain sprout once, in order to make nutrition fully more absorb, Bao Guoliang and green water used in combination dilution proportioning of protecting can elect 500:1600 as; When 5-8 opens blade, with liquid fertilizer fruit hold U.S. water dilution 1800-1200 times of liquid, liquid fertilizer Bao Guoliang water dilutes 500 times of liquid, liquid fertilizer applies happy water and dilutes 800 times of liquid, three is used in combination, spray-on process is adopted to spray blade surface and blade bottom once, reach best to make the absorption of fertilizer, the water dilution proportioning that liquid fertilizer fruit holds U.S., liquid fertilizer Bao Guoliang and liquid fertilizer applying happy used in combination is preferably 1800:500:800, extracts all young sprouts simultaneously and stays top blastogenesis long; Bloom when within first 3 days, having 10-12 to open blade, with plant growth regulator, namely chlormequat water dilute 1500 times of liquid, the excellent water dilution 1000-1500 times of liquid of bag fruit and the Portugal's water that converges dilute 1500 times of liquid mixing after spray-on processes spray blade surface and bottom once.
(3) to bear fruit later stage field management: 7 days after naturally bearing fruit, in order to supplementary fruits nutrition, the agent of blade spraying high nitrogen nutrition, amino acid; In order to remove two spotted spider mite, two asterophyllite cicada, fall the insect pests such as filaria, golden devil and tiger moth larva, the diseases such as prophylactic treatment gray mold, downy mildew, black soya bean disease, white rot and anthracnose, spray whole strain with chlorine blue or green bacterium fat water dilution 500-800 times of liquid; Described high nitrogen nutrition agent, amino acid, both mixing cypermethrin water dilutions 500-800 times of liquid prevents and kills the disease after bearing fruit, also first can spray with after high nitrogen nutrition agent and amino acid mixing, after 3 days, spray fruit face with cypermethrin 500-800 times of liquid again.
In above-mentioned, the agent of nutrient solution high nitrogen nutrition and amino acid whose effect allow leaf increase, and can reach 15-18 and open blade by leaf in 10-15 days, allow blade thickness, enlarge afforested area, through photosynthesis, berry Absorbable rod is to the enough nutrition of blade, allow berry evenly expand, be not easy to produce large fruitlet.And cypermethrin is as insecticide, can uses in nutrient solution simultaneously, be free from side effects.As separately used, service time after 3 days is Best Times.
For high temperature powdery mildew, then spray once with Kui quinoline copper water dilution 500-600 times of liquid, sprayed again once every 5-7 days.
After bearing fruit, insect pest prevention of damage by disease also comprises the control of contracting fruit disease with killing, in order to hold with fruit, U.S. water dilutes 800 times of liquid, the excellent water of bag fruit dilutes 1000 times of liquid and water dilution 1200-1500 times of liquid sprays once in concrete operations, sprayed again once every 5 days, if contracting fruit disease is serious, can spray once again every 5 days, until transference cure.Said process, owing to employing Witcodur 272, can form diaphragm, has good protected effect to blade and fruit grain.Should water more than during 34 DEG C of Witcodur 272s in temperature more, fertile, anti-waterlogging or fertile excessive phenomenon.
(4) berry forms rear field management: damage berry to prevent disease and worm breach and keep uniform particles to expand, and berry, when 3-4 gram, sprays once with microwax water dilution 1000-1500 times of liquid, sprayed once every 5-7 days again; Pluck when berry is fully ripe; In the winter time, prune during fallen leaves, the long tip saves at 10-16, in send 5-8 joint, stay 2-3 vegetative shoot to do innovation shoot every year.
After berry is formed, the effect of microwax allows the surface protection of blade face and berry, do not allow germ be exactly destroy blade face in 3-7 days in the short time, and insect also can not be allowed within 3-7 days, to damage berry at short notice.The protective effect of microwax, if guard time can reach 20 days-30 days in warm canopy, outdoor is a week.
Golden finger is different in each process of growth period to temperature requirement, such as, and berry maturing stage most suitable temperature 28 DEG C-35 DEG C.Have disadvantageous to berry development and maturation when temperature is lower than 18 DEG C or more than 36 DEG C.For the control of temperature, can improve ideal temperature by civilian temperature canopy during low temperature, can control high temperature injury with medicine or draw sunshade net to reduce temperature during high temperature, these be known to those skilled in the art.
Fruit oar is gathered, and oar fruit wants fully ripe, appearance luster is good, fruit powder is thick, and skin is thin, toughness is strong, and crisp, the sugary height of pulp, thick flavor, at this moment can gather and preserve and refrigerate.During harvesting, put down gently in order to avoid touch brokenly particle and wipe fruit powder.
For this management method, be not only applicable to golden finger, be also applicable to other kinds, such as yellow honey, liquor-saturated gold perfume, Fuji apple, rose honey etc., this method is not limited to the golden finger cited by the present embodiment.
Although be described embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with above preferred embodiment, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiments and applications field, and above-mentioned specific embodiments is only schematic, guiding, instead of restrictive.Those of ordinary skill in the art is under the enlightenment of this specification, and when not departing from the scope that the claims in the present invention are protected, can also make a lot of simple change, these all belong to the row of the present invention's protection.
Claims (8)
1. a field management method for grape yield increasing, comprise soil and to select and plantation, bloom field management in early stage, later stage field management of bearing fruit, the berry of sprouting form rear field management, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) soil is selected and plantation: a, is selected the fertile sandy loam of soil property, has been planted in slope, draining easily on soil; The selection of b, plantation frame: the flying bird shape posture selecting high 1.8 meters;
(2) sprout bloom early stage field management:
A sterilization: adopt spray-on process, spray lime sulfur 200 times of liquid, spray whole orchard, spray again once after 7 days for before rudiment 7-10 days;
B deinsectization and fertilising: during the fine hair phase, Bao Guoliang 400 times of liquid, thiophanate-methyl 600-800 times liquid and Imidacloprid 1800-2000 times of liquid three are mixed rear use, remove and hinder leaf insect, adopts spray-on process to spray whole strain sprout;
With Bao Guoliang 500 times of liquid with greenly protect 1500-1800 times of liquid after sprouting, both are used in combination, adopt spray-on process to spray whole strain sprout once;
When 5-8 opens blade, beautiful 1800-1200 times liquid, liquid fertilizer Bao Guoliang 500 times of liquid, the happy 800 times of liquid of liquid fertilizer applying are held with liquid fertilizer fruit, three's mixing uses simultaneously, and blade surface and bottom surface are respectively sprayed once, extract all young sprouts simultaneously and stay top blastogenesis long;
Bloom when within first 3 days, having 10-12 to open blade, used in combination with chlormequat 1500 times of liquid, bag fruit excellent 1000-1500 times liquid and 1500 times, the Portugal liquid three that converges, spray once;
(3) to bear fruit later stage field management: supplement the nutrients and desinsection, 7 days after naturally bearing fruit, the agent of blade spraying high nitrogen nutrition, amino acid, both mixing cypermethrin water dilute 500-800 times of liquid and prevent and kill the disease after bearing fruit;
(4) berry forms rear field management: berry, when 3-4 gram, sprays with microwax 1000-1500 times liquid and once protects blade face and berry, sprayed once every 5-7 days again; Pluck when berry is ripe; In the winter time, prune during fallen leaves, the long tip saves at 10-16, and the middle tip saves at 5-8, stays 2-3 vegetative shoot to do innovation shoot every year.
2. the field management method of a kind of grape yield increasing according to claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (1), sloping soil is the soil of ramp angles at 30 degree of-40 degree.
3. the field management method of a kind of grape yield increasing according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step (2) also comprises the step for making growing point upright, namely blooms and starts to control water for first 10 days, forbids fertilising.
4. the field management method of a kind of grape yield increasing according to claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (2), and lime sulfur can substitute with tpn 500-800 times liquid.
5. the field management method of a kind of grape yield increasing according to claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (2), and during the fine hair phase, thiophanate-methyl can substitute with thiophanate methyl.
6. the field management method of a kind of grape yield increasing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the deinsectization of described step (2) is with in fertilising, it is 400:700:1800 that fine hair phase Bao Guoliang, thiophanate-methyl, Imidacloprid mix the proportioning simultaneously used; Bao Guoliang after sprouting, green to protect proportioning used in combination be 500:1600; When 5-8 opens blade, liquid fertilizer fruit holds U.S., liquid fertilizer Bao Guoliang, liquid fertilizer applies to find pleasure in mix the proportioning simultaneously used is 1800:500:800; Blooming, first 3 days chlormequats, bag fruit are excellent and to converge Portugal's proportioning used in combination be 1500:1200:1500.
7. the field management method of a kind of grape yield increasing according to claim 1; it is characterized in that described step (3) also comprises the control of contracting fruit disease; concrete operations spray once for supplementing the nutrients and holding U.S. 800 times of liquid, the bag excellent 1000 times of liquid of fruit and microwax 1200-1500 times of liquid mixing with fruit after desinsection; sprayed again once every 5 days, form diaphragm.
8. the field management method of a kind of grape yield increasing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described in described step (3), extra-nutrition and desinsection also first can spray high nitrogen nutrition agent, amino acid, draw leaf-fruit ratio, after 3 days, spray fruit face with cypermethrin 500-800 times of liquid again.
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| CN104396641A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-11 | 长沙龙华山农业开发有限公司 | Pest control method of pollution-free grape |
| CN105766540A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-07-20 | 郑耀玲 | Planting method of grape vines |
| CN110663444A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-01-10 | 北京成禾佳信农资贸易有限公司 | Grape tassel pulling treatment method and application |
| CN110720347A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-01-24 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Method for improving natural fruit setting rate of Kyoho grapes |
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| JP2000191421A (en) * | 1998-10-20 | 2000-07-11 | Osamu Matsudaira | Plant growth promoter |
| RU2231950C1 (en) * | 2002-12-15 | 2004-07-10 | Донской государственный аграрный университет | Grape cultivation method |
| CN102792871A (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2012-11-28 | 林光德 | Method for planting cyclone grape vines |
| CN102388781B (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2013-05-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所 | High-vertical-rack grape cultivation method |
| CN102863280A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-01-09 | 新疆新纪元农牧业发展有限责任公司 | Growth nutrient solution special for grapes and production process thereof |
| CN103081769B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-04-23 | 慈溪市林特技术推广中心 | Grape plant cultivation method |
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Effective date of registration: 20151109 Address after: 355000 Fujian city of Ningde province Fu'an City Saiqi town Liyuan Village under field marshal parauterine Xianyan Patentee after: Fu'an xilaile Agricultural Development Co. Ltd. Address before: 355000 Fujian city of Ningde province Fu'an City Saiqi town house in the village of Jinling Road No. 88 Patentee before: Chen Mi |
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