MD537Z - Process for pruning apple tree branches - Google Patents

Process for pruning apple tree branches Download PDF

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Publication number
MD537Z
MD537Z MDS20120011A MDS20120011A MD537Z MD 537 Z MD537 Z MD 537Z MD S20120011 A MDS20120011 A MD S20120011A MD S20120011 A MDS20120011 A MD S20120011A MD 537 Z MD537 Z MD 537Z
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Moldova
Prior art keywords
branches
branch
pruning
axis
semi
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MDS20120011A
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Romanian (ro)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Valerian Balan
Анание ПЕШТЯНУ
Игорь ИВАНОВ
Сергей ВЭМЭЙШЕСКУ
Олег ТЫРСИНА
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Государственный аграрный университет Молдовы
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Priority to MDS20120011A priority Critical patent/MD537Z/en
Publication of MD537Y publication Critical patent/MD537Y/en
Publication of MD537Z publication Critical patent/MD537Z/en

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Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a process for pruning apple tree branches.The process, according to the invention, includes shortening in the first year of pruning of well-developed annual erect branches in prolongation of the axis of semi-scaffold branches to a knot of 10…15 cm, shortening and subordination of the next branch, which will replace the axis, to the first shortened branch; in the second year of pruning the knot with the developed thereon branches is removed at the base of the biennial branch; at the top of the semi-scaffold branches the axis is trimmed to a knot of 10…15 cm, and the subterminal branch is subordinated to the shortened axis, while in subsequent years pruning is carried out in accordance with the established scheme.

Description

Invenţia se referă la agricultură, şi anume la un procedeu de tăiere a ramurilor de măr. The invention relates to agriculture, namely to a process for cutting apple branches.

Este cunoscut procedeul de tăiere a ramurilor anuale de prelungire a axului la ramurile de semischelet la măr, unde ramurile alese pentru prelungirea axului se scurtează în funcţie de capacitatea de ramificare a soiului [1]. The process of cutting annual branches to lengthen the axis of semi-skeletal branches in apple trees is known, where the branches chosen for lengthening the axis are shortened depending on the branching capacity of the variety [1].

Dezavantajele scurtării ramurilor anuale de prelungire a axului la ramurile de semischelet la măr constă în aceea că pe ramura scurtată la soiurile de tipul III (Idared, Renet Simirenko etc.) şi tipul IV de fructificare (Granny Smith, Florina etc.) se formează ramuri viguroase în detrimentul formării ramurilor fructifere, volumul zonei productive de pe fiecare ramură este mare şi rapid se îndepărtează de la centrul coroanei, de aceea practic este foarte greu de menţinut pomul în parametrii proiectaţi ai structurii plantaţiei şi în echilibrul optimal dintre creştere şi fructificare. The disadvantages of shortening annual branches to lengthen the axis of semi-skeletal branches in apple trees are that on the shortened branch in varieties of type III (Idared, Renet Simirenko, etc.) and type IV of fruiting (Granny Smith, Florina, etc.), vigorous branches are formed to the detriment of the formation of fruiting branches, the volume of the productive area on each branch is large and quickly moves away from the center of the crown, therefore it is practically very difficult to maintain the tree within the designed parameters of the plantation structure and in the optimal balance between growth and fruiting.

Mai este cunoscut procedeul de tăiere a ramurilor pomilor fructiferi prin scurtarea ramurilor anuale lăsând mugurele terminal spre interior, după care în anul următor ramura viguroasă formată, din mugurele superior, crescând în interiorul coroanei, se taie de la bază [2]. Another known method of pruning fruit tree branches is to shorten the annual branches, leaving the terminal bud inward, after which the following year the vigorous branch formed from the upper bud, growing inside the crown, is cut from the base [2].

Dezavantajele acestui procedeu constau în nivelul insuficient de extindere laterală a coroanei, şi de menţinere optimă a structurii de vârstă a elementelor de semischelet la soirile de măr de tipurile III şi IV de fructificare. The disadvantages of this procedure consist in the insufficient level of lateral crown extension and optimal maintenance of the age structure of the semi-skeletal elements in apple varieties of fruiting types III and IV.

Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia propusă constă în menţinerea parametrilor coroanei adecvaţi structurii plantaţiei pomicole, precum şi a structurii de vârstă optimă a semischeletului şi garnisirea lui cu formaţiuni fructifere pentru obţinerea recoltelor constante şi înalte de fructe calitative şi competitive la un preţ minim. The problem solved by the proposed invention consists in maintaining the crown parameters appropriate to the structure of the fruit plantation, as well as the optimal age structure of the semi-skeleton and its garnishing with fruit formations to obtain constant and high yields of qualitative and competitive fruits at a minimum price.

Esenţa invenţiei constă în aceea că procedeul de tăiere a ramurilor pomului de măr include scurtarea în primul an de tăiere a ramurilor anuale erecte şi bine dezvoltate de prelungire a axului ramurilor de semischelet la cep de 10…15 cm, scurtarea şi subordonarea următoarei ramuri, care va înlocui axul, la prima ramură scurtată; în anul doi de tăiere cepul împreună cu ramurile dezvoltate pe el se suprimă la baza ramurii bienale; în partea superioară a ramurilor de semischelet axul se taie la cep de 10…15 cm, iar ramura subterminală se subordonează axului scurtat, totodată în următorii ani tăierea se efectuează conform schemei stabilite. The essence of the invention is that the process of pruning apple tree branches includes shortening in the first year of pruning the erect and well-developed annual branches by extending the axis of the semi-skeletal branches to a 10…15 cm tap, shortening and subordinating the next branch, which will replace the axis, to the first shortened branch; in the second year of pruning, the tap together with the branches developed on it are removed at the base of the biennial branch; in the upper part of the semi-skeletal branches, the axis is cut to a 10…15 cm tap, and the subterminal branch is subordinated to the shortened axis, at the same time in the following years pruning is carried out according to the established scheme.

În aşa mod procedeul solicitat permite reducerea la minimumul necesar a ramurilor de semischelet în favoarea celor de rod, minimalizarea raţională a gradului tăierilor de formare, întreţinere şi fructificare orientat la stabilirea echilibrului optimal dintre creştere şi fructificare, reglarea încărcăturii pomilor cu fructe prin sistemul de tăiere în scopul asigurării recoltelor înalte, stabile şi de calitate. In this way, the requested procedure allows the reduction to the necessary minimum of semi-skeletal branches in favor of fruiting ones, the rational minimization of the degree of formation, maintenance and fruiting pruning aimed at establishing the optimal balance between growth and fruiting, the regulation of the load of fruit trees through the pruning system in order to ensure high, stable and quality harvests.

Rezultatul invenţiei constă în menţinerea coroanei de măr în echilibrul optimal de creştere şi fructificare prin realizarea combinaţiei de tăieturi a ramurilor, care permite controlul vigorii de creştere şi de garnisire a ramurilor de semischelet cu ramuri de rod. The result of the invention consists in maintaining the apple tree crown in the optimal balance of growth and fruiting by performing the combination of branch cuts, which allows controlling the growth vigor and the trimming of semi-skeletal branches with fruiting branches.

Prezenta invenţie se explică cu ajutorul figurilor, care reprezintă: The present invention is explained with the help of the figures, which represent:

fig.1, tăierea ramurilor de semischelet în vârstă de 2 ani. Axul ramurii de semischelet se scurtează la cep de 10…15 cm (a), apoi următoarea ramură (secundară) care va înlocui axul se scurtează (b) şi se subordonează primei, Fig. 1, cutting of 2-year-old semi-skeletal branches. The axis of the semi-skeletal branch is shortened to a 10…15 cm stub (a), then the next (secondary) branch that will replace the axis is shortened (b) and subordinated to the first,

fig.2, tăierea ramurilor de semischelet în vârstă de 3 ani. În anul 2 cepul împreună cu ramurile bine dezvoltate (1…3 buc.) pe el se suprimă de la baza ramurii bienale (c). În partea superioară a ramurii de semischelet axul se taie la cep de 10…15 cm (a), iar ramura subterminală se subordonează axului (b) scurtat. Fig. 2, pruning of 3-year-old semi-skeletal branches. In the 2nd year, the taproot together with the well-developed branches (1…3 pcs.) on it is removed from the base of the biennial branch (c). In the upper part of the semi-skeletal branch, the axis is cut to a taproot of 10…15 cm (a), and the subterminal branch is subordinated to the shortened axis (b).

Exemplu de realizare a invenţiei Example of embodiment of the invention

În primii 4…5 ani după plantarea pomilor în livadă are loc formarea coroanei conform sistemei de conducere a pomilor în livezile intensive sau superintensive de măr. In the first 4...5 years after planting the trees in the orchard, crown formation takes place according to the tree management system in intensive or super-intensive apple orchards.

Procedeul de tăiere a ramurilor s-a aplicat la soiurile de măr Idared şi Florina, altoite pe portaltoiul M26, cu coroana de tipul fus ameliorat. The branch pruning process was applied to the Idared and Florina apple varieties, grafted onto the M26 rootstock, with an improved spindle-type crown.

În primul an ramura anuală erectă şi viguroasă de prelungire a axului ramurii de semischelet se scurtează la cep de 10…15 cm (a), apoi următoarea ramură, care va înlocui axul se scurtează (b) şi se subordonează primei (fig. 1). In the first year, the erect and vigorous annual branch extending the axis of the semi-skeletal branch is shortened to a 10…15 cm taproot (a), then the next branch, which will replace the axis, is shortened (b) and subordinated to the first (fig. 1).

În anul 2 cepul împreună cu ramurile bine dezvoltate (1…3 buc.) pe el se suprimă de la baza ramurii bienale (c). În partea superioară a ramurii de semischelet axul se taie la cep de 10…15 cm (a), iar ramura subterminală se subordonează axului (b) scurtat (fig. 2). În anul 3 continuă lucrările de tăiere a semischeletului după aceleaşi principii ca şi în anul doi. In the 2nd year, the taproot together with the well-developed branches (1…3 pcs.) on it is removed from the base of the biennial branch (c). In the upper part of the semi-skeletal branch, the axis is cut to a taproot of 10…15 cm (a), and the subterminal branch is subordinated to the shortened axis (b) (Fig. 2). In the 3rd year, the work of cutting the semi-skeletal branch continues according to the same principles as in the second year.

1. Ghena N., Branişte N., Stănică F. Pomicultura generală. Bucureşti, Matrix Rom, 2004, p.500-505 1. Ghena N., Branişte N., Stanică F. General fruit growing. Bucharest, Matrix Rom, 2004, p.500-505

2. MD 360 G2 1996.01.31 2. MD 360 G2 1996.01.31

Claims (1)

Procedeu de tăiere a ramurilor pomului de măr, care include scurtarea în primul an de tăiere a ramurilor anuale erecte şi bine dezvoltate de prelungire a axului ramurilor de semischelet la cep de 10…15 cm, scurtarea şi subordonarea următoarei ramuri, care va înlocui axul, la prima ramură scurtată; în anul doi de tăiere cepul împreună cu ramurile dezvoltate pe el se suprimă la baza ramurii bienale; în partea superioară a ramurilor de semischelet axul se taie la cep de 10…15 cm, iar ramura subterminală se subordonează axului scurtat, totodată în următorii ani tăierea se efectuează conform schemei stabilite.The procedure for pruning apple tree branches includes shortening in the first year of pruning the erect and well-developed annual branches, lengthening the axis of the semi-skeletal branches to a 10…15 cm stub, shortening and subordinating the next branch, which will replace the axis, to the first shortened branch; in the second year of pruning, the stub together with the branches developed on it are removed at the base of the biennial branch; in the upper part of the semi-skeletal branches, the axis is cut to a 10…15 cm stub, and the subterminal branch is subordinated to the shortened axis, at the same time, in the following years, pruning is carried out according to the established scheme.
MDS20120011A 2012-01-24 2012-01-24 Process for pruning apple tree branches MD537Z (en)

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD618Z (en) * 2012-05-29 2013-11-30 Общественное Учреждение Научно-Практический Институт Садоводства И Пищевых Технологий Process for cutting the apple tree
CN103355129A (en) * 2013-07-23 2013-10-23 杨聚德 Old trunk and shoot matching pruning method for invigorated apples
CN104920150B (en) * 2015-06-15 2017-06-30 阿克苏地区林业局 Dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet method
MD1190Z (en) * 2017-02-24 2018-04-30 Государственный аграрный университет Молдовы Process for pruning branches of fruit trees
MD1189Z (en) * 2017-02-24 2018-04-30 Государственный аграрный университет Молдовы Process for shaping of cherry trees cupped crown

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN86205387U (en) * 1986-08-02 1987-09-16 河北农业大学 Combined manual tool for high branches of fruit trees
HUH3485A (en) * 1988-03-04 1990-10-28 Imre Mile Treatment for defects in wood and inoculating wax in horticulture for closing of section and cutting sufaces of fruits, grapes and decorative plants
MD360G2 (en) * 1995-01-06 1996-10-31 Государственный аграрный университет Молдовы Method of fruit tree branches cuttage
JPH11113499A (en) * 1997-10-15 1999-04-27 Mitsuzo Umeda Production of feed for livestock from grapevine
JP2000333543A (en) * 1999-05-27 2000-12-05 Binshiyoo:Kk Repair used for trees. Manufacturing method of protective material
UA76195C2 (en) * 2004-03-30 2006-07-17 Inst Of Horticulture Of The Uk Method of growing an intensive fruit garden
UA31761U (en) * 2007-11-12 2008-04-25 Институт Орошаемого Садоводства Им.М.Ф.Сидоренко Уаан Method for pruning apricot trees using cyclic change in overgrown fruit wood of 3-year age
  • 2012

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN86205387U (en) * 1986-08-02 1987-09-16 河北农业大学 Combined manual tool for high branches of fruit trees
HUH3485A (en) * 1988-03-04 1990-10-28 Imre Mile Treatment for defects in wood and inoculating wax in horticulture for closing of section and cutting sufaces of fruits, grapes and decorative plants
HU203936B (en) * 1988-03-04 1991-11-28 Imre Mile Tree wound treating and grafting vax solely from natural materials, for treqting and covering the injured pruning and cutting wound areas of fruit-trees, ornamental trees, vines and ornamental plants
MD360G2 (en) * 1995-01-06 1996-10-31 Государственный аграрный университет Молдовы Method of fruit tree branches cuttage
JPH11113499A (en) * 1997-10-15 1999-04-27 Mitsuzo Umeda Production of feed for livestock from grapevine
JP2000333543A (en) * 1999-05-27 2000-12-05 Binshiyoo:Kk Repair used for trees. Manufacturing method of protective material
UA76195C2 (en) * 2004-03-30 2006-07-17 Inst Of Horticulture Of The Uk Method of growing an intensive fruit garden
UA31761U (en) * 2007-11-12 2008-04-25 Институт Орошаемого Садоводства Им.М.Ф.Сидоренко Уаан Method for pruning apricot trees using cyclic change in overgrown fruit wood of 3-year age

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Ghena N., Branişte N., Stănică F. Pomicultura generală. Bucureşti, Matrix Rom, 2004, p.500-505 *

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