CN103069999A - Own-rooted seedling breeding technology for apple dwarf rootstocks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an own-rooted seedling breeding technology for apple dwarf rootstocks. The own-rooted seedling breeding technology comprises hot bed cultivation of apple dwarf rootstock young shoots, a young shoot cuttage pre-treatment technology, a nutrition pot direct cuttage technology, an intermittent spray control technology and seedling hardening and transplanting. Due to the adoption of the technology, plant cutting nursery of apple dwarf rootstocks and other difficultly-rooted woody plants can be realized, current year cuttage can be realized, and the nursery requirement of a grafting thickness is met in a current year; and the technology plays an important role in prompting rapid development of dwarf thick planting of apples in China.

Description

A kind of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree raising technology

Technical field

The present invention relates to difficulty and take root that the epicormic branch cuttage of woody plant is taken root, nursery technology, relate in particular to a kind of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree raising technology.

Background technology

At present the Main Cultivation pattern of Chinese apple is tall anvil dense planting, and tall anvil dense planting exists the problems such as administration fee expenses of labour power, technical sophistication, orchard closing, fruit quality is wayward.Downgrading dense planting is the developing direction of Apple Culture, and this not only can improve land utilization rate, shortens the as a result time limit, is suitable for light streamlining management, and can improves output and fruit quality.At present, Systems in Certain Developed Countries is downgraded the apple area and has been accounted for more than 90% of the Apple Culture gross area.

The key that realizes Cultivation of Apple Under Dwarf And Close Planting is to adopt suitable dwarfing rootstock.China carries out introduction and the utilization research of dwarfing rootstock since the sixties in last century, that promote mainly on producing at present is Britain M26, but it can not adapt to the working condition of the major apple production areas such as Hebei China, Liaoning, particularly cold tolerance is relatively poor, winter freeze calamity and stripping phenomenon are very serious, can't satisfy China than the needs of cryogenic region Cultivation of Apple Under Dwarf And Close Planting, cause China to downgrade apple cultivation area still less than 1%.

China begins the seed selection work of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees from the initial stage sixties, a series of good dwarfing rootstocks such as SH system, Liaozhen 2 and GM256 have successively been selected, these stocks all are better than external stock in adaptability, the resistance of China, but because of its cuttage root-taking rate low, only have 20.5%-50%, can not reach the requirement of nursery stock production.Can only cultivate by tissue at present and obtain part from rootstock, but because cost is too high, so far aborning large scale application.

Summary of the invention

The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of low cost, high efficiency breeding Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree.

Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree raising technology provided by the invention is, hotbed is cultivated treatment agent processings of taking root before Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees spray, the epicormic branch cuttage, nutritive cube cuttage, intermittent spraying and is processed and combine, and the batch production of realization Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree is bred.

Preferably, the step of hotbed cultivation Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees spray is as follows:

1. hotbed adopts the method for heating wire heating or heated kang heating, and temperature is controlled in the 15-30 ℃ of scope;

2. the band root Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees seedling level of grafting on stock (such as Malus spectabilis etc.) is planted on the seedbed, covers 4-6 centimetre with vermiculite, expedites the emergence of tender shoots.

Preferably, the step that treatment agent processes of taking root before the epicormic branch cuttage is as follows:

1. plant hormone has IBA or ABT root-inducing powder, and concentration range is at 500-3000 mg/kg;

2. additive is 75% powder of carbendazim, concentration 300-1000 times of liquid;

3. solution preparation method: IBA or ABT root-inducing powder water or alcohol dissolving, be mixed with the concentration of 500-3000 mg/kg, the carbendazim that adds respective concentration is the treatment agent of taking root;

4. it is for subsequent use second the spray base portion that cultivates to be dipped in 3-5 in the treatment agent middling speed of taking root.

Preferably, nutritive cube cuttage step is as follows:

1. nutritive cube is prepared: can matrix in diameter 8-10 centimetre nutritive cube (such as vegetable garden soil etc.), block pattern row pattern is filled with permeable in the ready furrow in greenhouse;

2. with the epicormic branch cuttage handled well in nutritive cube, spray water after the cuttage, soil is fully contacted with spray.

Preferably, intermittent spraying treatment step is as follows:

1. adopt the spraying system humidification, system controls automatically with the time controller, and spray intervals is: sprayed 3-5 minute, and intermittently 10-20 minute, do not occur wilting with the blade that guarantees the cuttage spray;

2. greenhouse temperature is controlled between 15-25 ℃, when temperature is higher than 25 ℃ by adding a cover shade net and/or leaking informaton control.

Preferably, also comprise following acclimatization and transplants step:

1. hardening: after spray is taken root, stop spraying, in the greenhouse, continue to cultivate 5-10 days, then nutrition pot seedling is shifted out the greenhouse, under natural lighting, cultivated 3-5 days;

2. transplant: do furrow in the land for growing field crops, line-spacing 40-50 centimetre, the rear laying plastic of pouring water press 15-20 centimetre of spacing in the rows punching at mulch film, nutrition pot seedling is removed nutritive cube after, in the hole that cultivation enters to accomplish fluently, change normal field management after pouring water over to.

This technology can also

Be used for the breeding of the plant with difficult rooting such as pears, Chinese chestnut, walnut, persimmon.

The advantage that the present invention has: simply easy, with low cost, practical, the applicable seeds of method of operating are extensive, and the factorial seedling growth that advances woody plant is significant.

Embodiment

Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree raising technology provided by the invention is that hotbed vernalization, HORMONE TREATMENT, nutritive cube cuttage, intermittent spraying are processed and combined, and realizes the technology that the batch production of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree is bred.Relate generally to:

1. hotbed is cultivated the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees spray;

2. epicormic branch cuttage pretreatment technology;

3. nutritive cube cuttage technology;

4. intermittent spraying control technology;

5. acclimatization and transplants.

The below illustrates:

Example 1: the epicormic branch cuttage of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees SH6 own-rooted tree is bred

The SH6 seedling level of 500 strain graftings on the Malus spectabilis stock is planted on the hotbed, cover 4-6 centimetre of vermiculite, temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, after 30 days, grow the tender tip of 4892 SH6, when the tender tip forms 4-5 sheet leaf, break lower 4680 tender tips off with the fingers and thumb from base portion, contain 800 times of liquid 75% carbendazim with 1000 mg/kg IBA() speed dipped in for 5 seconds, and cuttage is in being equipped with the nutritive cube of vegetable garden soil, use the sunshade net shading during cuttage, after the cuttage, open intermittent sprayer unit, it is every spraying 2 minutes that the spray time controller is set, intermittently 8 minutes, open sunshade net.When greenhouse skylight is set to be higher than 25 ℃, automatically opens and leak informaton, when open in the skylight, when temperature still is higher than 25 ℃, use the shade net shading, guarantee that greenhouse temperature is controlled at below 25 ℃.Cuttage checked the situation of taking root in 25 days afterwards, and rooting rate reaches 89%, and the quantity of taking root of the tender tip of cuttage is at the 5-15 bar, and wherein 80% the new radical of the tender tip is between the 8-12 bar.

Example 2: the epicormic branch cuttage of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees SH18 own-rooted tree is bred

Cultivate the tender tip of SH18 Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees according to the method for example 1, process with the ABT root-inducing powder of 2000ppm, checked that rooting rate was 86.3% in 26 days after the cuttage, the radical of each cuttage seeding is between the 4-11 bar.

Example 3: Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees SH6 cuttage seeding hardening and field-transplanting

The SH6 cuttage root-taking seedling of breeding in the example 1 was stopped spraying on the 27th day after cuttage, continued growth is 5 days in 16-25 ℃ of greenhouse, this moment, the soil on nutritive cube surface was dry, nutritive cube is moved in the Turnover Box, move on to outside the greenhouse, hardening is continued in the place of abundance at sunshine, in the nutritive cube during antecedent soil moisture water spray process.

Remove nutritive cube with tempering good nutrition pot seedling, press the distance between rows and hills definite value of 15 centimetres of 40 cm x in the field, water flood after the field planting.Change later on normal field management over to.Investigation is found in September: transplanting survival rate reaches 96%, and the nursery stock that can arrive the grafting rugosity reaches 91%.

Claims (7)

1. Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree raising technology, it is characterized in that, hotbed is cultivated treatment agent processings of taking root before Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees spray, the epicormic branch cuttage, nutritive cube cuttage, intermittent spraying and is processed and combine, and the batch production of realization Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree is bred.

2. apple according to claim 1 is downgraded the own-rooted tree raising technology, it is characterized in that the step of hotbed cultivation Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees spray is as follows:

1. hotbed adopts the method for heating wire heating or heated kang heating, and temperature is controlled in the 15-30 ℃ of scope;

2. grafting is planted on the seedbed in the band root Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees seedling level on the stock, covers 4-6 centimetre with vermiculite, expedites the emergence of tender shoots.

3. apple according to claim 1 is downgraded the own-rooted tree raising technology, and the step that the treatment agent that it is characterized in that taking root before the epicormic branch cuttage is processed is as follows:

1. plant hormone has IBA or ABT root-inducing powder, and concentration range is at 500-3000 mg/kg;

2. additive is 75% powder of carbendazim, concentration 300-1000 times of liquid;

3. solution preparation method: IBA or ABT root-inducing powder water or alcohol dissolving, be mixed with the concentration of 500-3000 mg/kg, the carbendazim that adds respective concentration is the treatment agent of taking root;

4. it is for subsequent use second the spray base portion that cultivates to be dipped in 3-5 in the treatment agent middling speed of taking root.

4. apple according to claim 1 is downgraded the own-rooted tree raising technology, it is characterized in that nutritive cube cuttage step is as follows:

1. nutritive cube is prepared: can matrix in diameter 8-10 centimetre nutritive cube, block pattern row pattern are filled with permeable in the ready furrow in greenhouse;

2. with the epicormic branch cuttage handled well in nutritive cube, spray water after the cuttage, soil is fully contacted with spray.

5. apple according to claim 1 is downgraded the own-rooted tree raising technology, it is characterized in that intermittent spraying treatment step is as follows:

1. adopt the spraying system humidification, system controls automatically with the time controller, and spray intervals is: sprayed 3-5 minute, and intermittently 10-20 minute, do not occur wilting with the blade that guarantees the cuttage spray;

2. greenhouse temperature is controlled between 15-25 ℃, when temperature is higher than 25 ℃ by adding a cover shade net and/or leaking informaton control.

6. apple according to claim 1 is downgraded the own-rooted tree raising technology, characterized by further comprising following acclimatization and transplants step:

1. hardening: after spray is taken root, stop spraying, in the greenhouse, continue to cultivate 5-10 days, then nutrition pot seedling is shifted out the greenhouse, under natural lighting, cultivated 3-5 days;

2. transplant: do furrow in the land for growing field crops, line-spacing 40-50 centimetre, the rear laying plastic of pouring water press 15-20 centimetre of spacing in the rows punching at mulch film, nutrition pot seedling is removed nutritive cube after, in the hole that cultivation enters to accomplish fluently, change normal field management after pouring water over to.

7. the propagation technique of plant with difficult rooting is characterized in that, this raising technology is each described raising technology of claim 1-6, and described plant with difficult rooting is pears, Chinese chestnut, walnut or persimmon.