Sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The sugarcane is easy to have fungal diseases from the growth period to the harvest period, including smut, red rot, pineapple disease and shoot rot, which seriously affect the perennial root performance of the sugarcane and have great influence on the yield of sugarcane stems and the sugar content of the sugarcane stems in China. At present, the prevention and treatment measures for the sugarcane fungal diseases are mainly chemical prevention and treatment, and generally chemical agents are selected to soak sugarcane seedlings or chemical agents are sprayed at the early stage of disease attack. However, the methods of soaking seeds with chemical agents and spraying chemical agents have the problems of poor chemical agent effect, high toxicity, difficult degradation and poor environmental compatibility. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an antibacterial fertilizer with remarkable effect, low toxicity, easy degradation and good environmental compatibility so as to meet the requirement of inhibiting sugarcane fungal diseases in agricultural production.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a bacteriostatic composition which has a remarkable effect, low toxicity, easy degradation and good environmental compatibility and is used for promoting the growth of sugarcane.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-20 parts of urea; 1-20 parts of 30% urea ammonium nitrate solution; 10-45 parts of dipotassium phosphate; 0.1-10 parts of a surfactant; 0.1-10 parts of biological bactericide; 2-15 parts of humate; 0.2-2.8 parts of penetrant; 1-10 parts of a cosolvent; 30-70 parts of water.
Wherein, the urea ammonium nitrate solution containing 30% of nitrogen in the components, for example, when the used urea ammonium nitrate solution contains 30% of nitrogen by mass, the weight parts of the components in the sugarcane bacteriostasis fertilizer are 1-20 parts, and the urea ammonium nitrate solution containing 30% of nitrogen comprises 44% of ammonium nitrate, 34% of urea and 22% of water by mass; when the mass percentage concentration of the nitrogen contained in the used urea ammonium nitrate solution is changed, the weight percentage of the components of the urea ammonium nitrate solution in the sugarcane bacteriostasis fertilizer is correspondingly adjusted.
In some embodiments, the sugarcane bacteriostatic fertilizer comprises the following components: 8-13 parts of urea; 5-11 parts of urea ammonium nitrate solution containing 30% of nitrogen; 12-22 parts of dipotassium phosphate; 0.1-4 parts of biological bactericide; 1-6 parts of a surfactant; 2-14 parts of humate; 0.2-1 part of penetrant; 1-4 parts of a cosolvent; 40-65 parts of water. Wherein, when the mass percentage concentration of nitrogen contained in the urea ammonium nitrate solution is 30%, the weight parts of the components in the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer are 5-11 parts.
In some embodiments, the sugar cane bacteriostatic fertilizer comprises one or more of shenqinmycin, zhongshengmycin and trichodermin; the surfactant comprises rhamnolipid; the humate comprises one or more of potassium humate, sodium humate and molasses alcohol waste liquid.
In some of these embodiments, the biological bactericide is shenqinmycin, the surfactant is rhamnolipid, and the humate is potassium humate.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the shenqinmycin to the rhamnolipid to the potassium humate is: (1-2) the following (1-5): 6.
in some embodiments, in the sugarcane bacteriostatic fertilizer, the penetrating agent is alkyl glycoside or tween 80, and the cosolvent is glycerol.
In some embodiments, the sugarcane bacteriostatic fertilizer further comprises:
0.1-1 part of EDTA-Zn;
0.1-1 part of tetrahydrate sodium octaborate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the preparation method of the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving humate in water to obtain a solution A;
(2) adding a surfactant into water, heating and stirring, and adding a urea ammonium nitrate solution containing 30% of nitrogen into the water to obtain a solution B;
(3) mixing the solution A and the solution B to obtain a solution C;
(4) adding urea and dipotassium phosphate into the solution C to obtain a solution D;
(5) and (3) dissolving the biological bactericide in the cosolvent, adding the biological bactericide into the solution D, adding the penetrating agent into the solution D, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain the biological bactericide.
In some embodiments, in the above method for preparing a sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer, EDTA-Zn and sodium octaborate tetrahydrate are also dissolved in the solution a in step (1).
In some embodiments, in the above method for preparing a sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer, the heating and stirring in step (2) includes: stirring at 50-80 deg.C for 10-20 min.
The sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
the sugarcane is easy to have fungal diseases from the growth period to the harvest period, including smut, red rot, pineapple disease and shoot rot, which seriously affect the perennial root performance of the sugarcane and have great influence on the yield of sugarcane stems and the sugar content of the sugarcane stems in China. The antibacterial fertilizer provided by the invention can obviously prevent and reduce the occurrence of fungal diseases of sugarcane crops, can select a scheme of spraying on leaf surfaces, irrigating roots or soaking seeds when being used for the crops, and is simple and convenient to use and easy to operate.
According to the sugarcane fungus inhibiting fertilizer, the biological bactericide can effectively inhibit the growth of fungi, the surfactant can destroy proteins on the surfaces of thalli, and after the humate is added, the biological bactericide, the surfactant and the humate play a synergistic bacteriostasis role, and are optimally combined with other components, so that the sugarcane fungus disease can be well prevented and treated, and the sugarcane growth effect can be promoted.
Furthermore, the EDTA-Zn and the sodium octaborate tetrahydrate are added into the sugarcane bacteriostasis fertilizer, so that the nutrient elements in the bacteriostasis fertilizer are increased, the effects of better promoting the growth of the sugarcane and enhancing the disease resistance of the sugarcane are achieved, and the yield of the sugarcane is improved. The sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer disclosed by the invention has better water solubility and permeability after being added with a proper cosolvent and a proper penetrating agent. Meanwhile, the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer adopts environment-friendly components, and has the advantages of remarkable antibacterial effect, low toxicity, easy degradation and good environmental compatibility.
The preparation method of the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer disclosed by the invention is simple in steps, simple and easy to control in process and suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a histogram of the diameter of the circle of smut bacteria of sugarcane in a culture medium containing sugarcane bacteriostatic fertilizer;
FIG. 2 is a statistical chart of the germination inhibition rate of sugarcane smut germ spores by sugarcane bacterial inhibiting fertilizers.
Detailed Description
The sugar cane growth promoting bacteriostatic composition and the application thereof are described in more detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The liquid sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the urea ammonium nitrate solution containing 30% of nitrogen comprises 44% of ammonium nitrate, 34% of urea and 22% of water in percentage by mass, and the weight portion of the components of the urea ammonium nitrate solution in the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer is 12 portions.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the weight part ratio of the components;
(2) sequentially adding EDTA-Zn, sodium octaborate tetrahydrate and potassium humate into water while stirring until the EDTA-Zn, the sodium octaborate tetrahydrate and the potassium humate are completely dissolved to obtain a solution A;
(3) adding rhamnolipid into 60 deg.C water, stirring for 15min, adding urea ammonium nitrate solution containing nitrogen 30%, and stirring to obtain solution B;
(4) adding the solution A into the solution B while stirring to obtain a solution C;
(5) adding urea into the solution C while stirring, after completely dissolving, adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate while stirring until completely dissolving to obtain a solution D;
(6) adding shenqinmycin into glycerol, stirring while adding, adding into the solution D after completely dissolving, stirring until uniformly mixing, adding alkyl glycoside, and stirring uniformly to obtain the shenqinmycin.
Example 2
The liquid sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
The liquid sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 4
The liquid sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a sugarcane bacteriostatic fertilizer, which has reduced rhamnolipid compared to example 1, and its preparation method is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
This example provides a sugarcane bacteriostatic fertilizer with reduced humate relative to example 1, and the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Experimental example 1 sugarcane smut hypha growth inhibition test
The same amount of sugarcane bacteriostasis fertilizers described in examples 1-4 and comparative example 1 of the invention are used for preparing a PDA culture medium, the sugarcane smut is inoculated to the culture medium, and after the sugarcane smut is cultured for 10 days at 28 ℃, the diameter of a colony is measured. As shown in FIG. 1, the diameter of the Saccharum officinarum colony circles in comparative example 1 is 37.21cm, that in comparative example 2 is 37.53cm, that in example 1 is 11.54cm, that in example 2 is 11.61cm, that in example 3 is 12.42cm, and that in example 4 is 14.65 cm.
The comparison shows that the growth inhibition effect of the bacteriostatic fertilizer on the ustilago scitaminea in the embodiment of the invention is obviously better than that of the comparative example, wherein the effect of the embodiment 1 is the best, and the effect of the other embodiments is still obviously better than that of the comparative example 1 lacking the surfactant and the comparative example 2 lacking the humate.
Experimental example 2 experiment of influence of sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer on germination of sugarcane smut germ spores
After the same amount of the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizers described in the embodiments 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-2 of the invention are respectively diluted by 250 times, the sugarcane smut winter spores are added to prepare the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizers with the concentration of 106Absorbing 5mL of spore suspension into a 10mL centrifuge tube, culturing for 24 hours in a constant temperature shaking table at 28 ℃ and 130r/min, and determining the influence of the sugarcane bacteriostatic fertilizer on the germination of the sugarcane smut germ spores, wherein the concentration of the sugarcane bacteriostatic fertilizer prepared by sterile water is 106Spore suspension of individual/ml was used as a blank. The results are shown in fig. 2, where the blank control group had a spore germination rate of 94%, the comparative example 1 had a spore germination rate of 88.6%, the comparative example 2 had a spore germination rate of 67.4%, the example 1 had a spore germination rate of 51.67%, the example 2 had a spore germination rate of 53.5%, the example 3 had a spore germination rate of 53%, and the example 4 had a spore germination rate of 60.17%.
According to the spore germination rate, the inhibition rate of the sugarcane bacteriostatic fertilizer on the germination of the sugarcane smut germ spores can be calculated, and the inhibition rate is shown in table 1.
Sample (I)
|
Spore germination inhibition (%)
|
Example 1
|
45.03
|
Example 2
|
43.09
|
Example 3
|
43.61
|
Example 4
|
35.98
|
Comparative example 1
|
5.67
|
Comparative example 2
|
28.29 |
TABLE 1
As can be seen by comparison, the germination rates of the spores of the ustilago smus sugarcane treated by the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizers (including the surfactant component) in the examples 1-4 are remarkably inhibited, while the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizers (excluding the surfactant component) in the comparative example 1 and the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizers (excluding the humate component) in the comparative example 2 have poor effects on the germination inhibition of the spores of the ustilago smus sugarcane. Therefore, the sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer has a remarkable inhibiting effect on the germination of sugarcane smut germ spores.
In embodiments 1-4 of the invention, the components comprise shenqinmycin, rhamnolipid and humate, which have a synergistic antibacterial effect, and the proportion of the three components is that the shenqinmycin: rhamnolipid: the humate is (1-2): (1-5): example 6, examples 1 to 3, showed even better results.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.