CN111972238B - Cultivation method convenient for harvesting potatoes from sandy loam - Google Patents
Cultivation method convenient for harvesting potatoes from sandy loam Download PDFInfo
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- CN111972238B CN111972238B CN202010912240.4A CN202010912240A CN111972238B CN 111972238 B CN111972238 B CN 111972238B CN 202010912240 A CN202010912240 A CN 202010912240A CN 111972238 B CN111972238 B CN 111972238B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method convenient for harvesting potatoes from sandy loam. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: firstly, rotary tillage and then ridging are carried out on a field; (2) forming an inclined groove in the middle of the ridge, and applying a base fertilizer; (3) Placing potato seeds on the inclined surface of the groove in an S shape; (4) Covering soil on the straws, and covering a layer of black film after covering the soil; (6) Killing seedlings and lifting the black film when the potatoes are ripe, and (7) pulling up the nylon net to pick the lifted potatoes into furrows for uniform harvesting when the potatoes are harvested. The invention has the advantages that: (1) According to the invention, the nylon net is introduced during potato cultivation, so that mechanical damage caused by a traditional potato harvesting mode is avoided, the product looks good, and the economic benefit is improved; (2) The method of the invention is convenient for harvesting, saves time, improves working efficiency and reduces the consumption of manual physical strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method convenient for harvesting potatoes from sandy loam.
Background
Regarding the cultivation of potatoes, the following documents are disclosed:
CN103493653A discloses a cultivation method for covering no-tillage potatoes with rice straw, which comprises the following cultivation modes: selecting land and making furrow, processing potato seeds, sowing and fertilizing; grass mulching and water management; the problem to be solved is to improve the quality and yield of potatoes and the utilization rate of rice fields.
In potato harvesting, the traditional method is to harvest the potatoes from the field to a designated place by manually digging the potatoes with a hoe. The harvesting is carried out by manually digging with a hoe, and the biggest defects are as follows: the method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the potatoes are easy to damage, the damaged potatoes are easy to rot and inconvenient to store, and the potatoes are low in price and blocked in sale due to poor selling. The above patent documents do not solve the problem of high damage rate at the time of potato harvesting.
With regard to the harvesting method, although some patent documents disclose mechanical picking devices or picking devices which can save time and labor with great force, some of the potatoes are damaged due to the picking devices. For example, the mechanical parts are prone to damage such as cuts, bumps, crushing and drop collisions on potatoes during the harvesting process. Taking a small-sized harvester as an example, the digging part of the small-sized harvester is smaller in traction force and self-weight, and most of the digging part is provided with a guide depth wheel, so that the digging depth of the digging shovel is larger in fluctuation in the working process; the digging shovel has smaller operation amplitude, and the phenomenon of lateral movement is often generated in the operation process, so that the phenomena of potato damage and potato cutting of the digging shovel and the soil cutting disc are serious.
In addition, the height drop and the change of the moving direction and speed are always existed at the joint of the shaking component and each chain, which also increases the possibility of tuber damage.
Therefore, improvement is needed to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, and a cultivation method for preventing the potatoes from being damaged in sandy soil is invented from the cultivation time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the cultivation method for conveniently harvesting the potatoes from the sandy loam, the potatoes in the sandy loam are harvested by the method, mechanical damage caused by a harvester during harvesting can be effectively avoided, the completeness rate of the potatoes is improved, and the economic benefit is further improved.
The principle of the invention is as follows: when the potatoes are cultivated, the cultivation is carried out by paving a nylon net on the seed potatoes and covering the nylon net with straws; when the potatoes are harvested, the nylon net is only required to be lifted, the potatoes in the soil are taken out by utilizing the traction force of the nylon net, and the potatoes are manually sorted without digging by using farm implements such as a hoe and the like or harvesting by using a harvesting device, so that the damage to the potatoes is avoided.
The cultivation method for avoiding the damage of the potatoes in the sandy soil provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly carrying out rotary tillage and then ridging on a field, wherein the width of each ridge is 1.1-1.3 m;
(2) In the middle of the ridgeAnd (3) oblique ditch, applying base fertilizer according to the following proportion: each 667m 2 Applying 55-65 kg of compound fertilizer, 20-30 kg of potassium sulfate and 10-20 kg of urea;
(3) Placing the seed potatoes on the inclined surface of the ditch, wherein the seed potatoes are placed in an S shape, and the plant spacing is 22.2-27.75 cm;
(4) Covering a nylon net on the seed potatoes, wherein the specifications of the nylon net are as follows: 18 strands of meshes with side length of 4-5 cm and width of 1.0 m, then covering straw on the nylon net, and using amount of the straw according to the ratio of 1:0.9 to 1.1 of straw is returned to the field; the method has the advantages that the thickness of the soil layer is increased; reducing the weight of the soil on the net; improving the soil; improving the appearance of the potatoes;
(5) Covering soil on the straw surface, covering a layer of black film after covering soil; it has the functions of preventing weed growth; preserving soil moisture and moisture; preventing the exposed soil of the potato blocks from turning green.
(6) When the potatoes are ripe, killing seedlings and then lifting a black film;
(7) When the potatoes are harvested, the nylon net is pulled up to turn to one side, and meanwhile, the lifted potatoes are picked up to be placed in furrows at the same side of the nylon net, and the potatoes are harvested in a unified mode.
The method of the invention is only suitable for sandy soil (i.e. sandy soil) in coastal areas or other plain areas, but not suitable for other soil such as clayey soil because the strength of the traction force of the nylon net on the potatoes is limited during harvesting, and the potatoes are not easily taken out of the soil by the nylon net under the condition of the clayey soil, so that the potatoes cannot be harvested successfully.
Preferably, (1) the width of each ridge of the field is 1.2m after rotary tillage.
Preferably, in the compound fertilizer applied in (2), N: p: the proportion of K is 15:15:15.
preferably, the base fertilizer is applied in the step (2) according to the following proportion: 60kg of compound fertilizer, 25kg of potassium sulfate and 15kg of urea.
Preferably, in the step (3), the potato seeds are placed on the inclined surface of the groove and are placed in an S shape at an interval of 27.75cm.
Preferably, in (4), a nylon net is covered on the seed potatoes, and the nylon net has 18 meshes with the specification, the side length is 5cm, and the width is 1.0 meter.
Preferably, the variety of the seed potato is Minshu No. 1 with the size of 25-30 g. Of course, other varieties of potatoes can be cultivated by the method of the invention, and the method is not limited to the above varieties;
preferably, the nylon net is 18-strand mesh, because the nylon net is too small in number of strands and is easily broken during harvesting, so that potatoes and soil cannot be effectively lifted, and harvesting is affected; if the number of strands of the nylon net is too large, the cost is high, and therefore, the nylon net with the number of strands is selected through many experiments by the inventor.
The nylon net with the side length of the net mesh of 4-5 cm is selected, because if the nylon net is too large, the lifting of soil is laborious, and the effective harvesting is inconvenient; if the mesh size of the nylon net is too small, the potatoes are easily restrained in the growth process, so that the appearance and the taste of the potatoes are affected;
the nylon net adopted by the invention can be repeatedly recycled for 4-5 years; are usable during this lifetime.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) According to the invention, the nylon net is introduced during potato cultivation, so that the damage caused by a traditional harvesting mode is avoided during potato harvesting, the product is good, the market selling is increased, and the economic benefit is improved;
(2) The method of the invention is convenient for harvesting, saves time, improves working efficiency and reduces the consumption of artificial physical strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph after a net was laid when the potatoes of example 1 were cultivated;
FIG. 2 is a photograph after covering with grass when the potatoes are cultivated in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the potatoes cultivated in example 1 after covering with grass and then covering with soil;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the casing of FIG. 3 covered with a black film;
FIG. 5 is a photograph after a net was laid when the potatoes were cultivated in example 2;
FIG. 6 is photograph 1 of a lifted nylon mesh when potatoes are harvested;
FIG. 7 is photograph 2 of a lifted nylon mesh at the time of potato harvesting.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments in order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method for avoiding potato damage in sandy soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out rotary tillage and ridging on a field, wherein the width of each ridge is about 1.2 m; the ridge height is about 33cm;
(2) An inclined ditch is formed in the middle of the ridge, and base fertilizer is applied according to the following proportion: each 667m 2 Applying 60kg of compound fertilizer, 25kg of potassium sulfate and 15kg of urea;
(3) Placing potato seeds on the inclined plane of the ditch, wherein the potato seeds are placed in an S shape, and the distance between plants is 27.75cm;
(4) Covering a nylon net on the seed potatoes, covering straws on the nylon net, and using the amount of the straws according to the ratio of the field 1:1, returning straws to the field;
(5) Covering soil on the surface of the rice straw, covering a layer of black film after covering the soil.
(6) When the potatoes are ripe, killing seedlings and then lifting a black film;
(7) During harvesting, one person pulls the nylon net to turn to one side, and the lifted potatoes are picked and placed into furrows by the other person at the same side for uniform harvesting.
Compared with the traditional method, the indexes of the potatoes cultivated and harvested by the method disclosed by the invention are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison table of cultivation by the method of the present invention and the conventional method
The traditional method is a process of digging out potatoes by using tools such as a hoe and the like, the method has serious physical damage to the potatoes, and the damage rate is about 8-10%.
The method of the invention is adopted to cultivate the potatoes, and the force is acted on the nylon net in a turning and lifting mode, thereby achieving the purpose that the potatoes are separated from the stem roots and lifted out of the soil surface, and the damage rate of the potatoes is 0 in the process.
The method of the invention has fast harvesting speed, reduces the labor consumption during harvesting, saves time and labor,
example 2
A cultivation method for avoiding potato damage in sandy soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out rotary tillage and ridging on a field, wherein the width of each ridge is about 1.1 m; the ridge height is 30cm;
(2) An inclined ditch is formed in the middle of the ridge, and base fertilizer is applied according to the following proportion: each 667m 2 Applying 55kg of compound fertilizer, 20kg of potassium sulfate and 10kg of urea;
(3) Placing potato seeds on the inclined plane of the ditch, wherein the potato seeds are placed in an S shape, and the distance between plants is 24.67cm;
(4) Covering a nylon net on the seed potatoes, covering straws on the nylon net, and using the amount of the straws according to the ratio of the field 1:1, returning the straws to the field;
(5) Covering soil on the straw surface, covering a layer of black film after covering soil.
(6) When the potatoes are ripe, killing seedlings and lifting a black film;
(7) During harvesting, one person pulls the nylon net to turn to one side, and the lifted potatoes are picked to be placed in furrows by the other person at the same side, so that unified harvesting is realized.
Example 3
A cultivation method for avoiding potato damage in sandy soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out rotary tillage and ridging on a field, wherein the width of each ridge is about 1.3m; the ridge height is 35cm;
(2) An inclined ditch is formed in the middle of the ridge, and base fertilizer is applied according to the following proportion: each 667m 2 Applying 65kg of compound fertilizer, 30kg of potassium sulfate and 20kg of urea;
(3) Placing potato seeds on the inclined plane of the ditch, wherein the potato seeds are placed in an S shape, and the distance between plants is 22.2cm;
(4) Covering a nylon net on the seed potatoes, covering straws on the nylon net, and using the amount of the straws in the field 1:1, returning straws to the field;
(5) Covering soil on the straw surface, covering a layer of black film after covering soil.
(6) When the potatoes are ripe, killing seedlings and then lifting a black film;
(7) During harvesting, one person pulls the nylon net to turn to one side, and the lifted potatoes are picked and placed into furrows by the other person at the same side for uniform harvesting.
Example 4
In the case of damage to potatoes caused by nylon nets of different specifications, the inventors carried out the following experiments when exploring the present invention:
TABLE 2 comparison table of different nylon mesh specifications of the present invention
In combination with the data in table 2, from the viewpoint of economy and potato-clamping rate, the nylon net with too few strands has low cost, but the potato-clamping rate is high (the damage rate is high); although the damage rate to potatoes is low for 24-ply and 36-ply nylon nets, the corresponding cost is increased. The most reasonable combination is 18 strands of nylon net with 4-5 cm side length and 1.0 m width, the nylon net with the specifications is used for potato cultivation, the cost is low, and the potato clamping rate is 0.
By adopting the method, a specific cultivation mode is adopted from the cultivation time, so that the later-stage harvest is facilitated under the condition that the potato growth environment is not influenced. The following problems brought by the traditional harvesting method are overcome:
1. yield loss: the traditional harvesting method is easy to cause damage to tubers, and besides damage to the epidermis, the tubers can further invade and rot pathogens forming potato blocks; the damage of the potatoes in the harvesting link is the most serious, the potatoes are harvested by virtue of the traction force of the nylon net, the mechanical damage is avoided, the completeness rate is improved, and the yield is further increased;
2. influence on economic benefit: the commercial rate of potatoes is reduced due to mechanical damage, and the economic benefit is also reduced. The method of the invention improves the commercial potato rate of the potatoes, and further improves the economic benefit of the potatoes.
3. Influence work efficiency: because the manual harvesting wastes time and labor, the working efficiency is low. The method of the invention is not only simple and convenient to operate, but also greatly improves the working efficiency.
Claims (3)
1. A cultivation method for facilitating the harvest of potatoes from sandy loam comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out rotary tillage and ridging on a field, wherein the width of each ridge is 1.2m, and the height of each ridge is 33cm;
(2) An inclined ditch is formed in the middle of the ridge, and base fertilizer is applied according to the following proportion: each 667m 2 Applying 60kg of compound fertilizer, 25kg of potassium sulfate and 15kg of urea;
(3) Placing potato seeds on the inclined plane of the ditch, wherein the potato seeds are placed in an S shape, and the distance between plants is 27.75cm; the variety of the seed potato is Fujian potato No. 1, and the weight is 25-30 g;
(4) Paving a nylon net on the seed potatoes, wherein the nylon net has the specification: 18 strands of meshes with side length of 4-5 cm and width of 1.0 m; after the nylon net was laid, the nylon net was then covered with straw, as in field 1:1, returning the straws to the field;
(5) Covering soil on the surface of the straw to prevent weed growth, preserving soil moisture and moisture, and preventing potato blocks from being exposed and turning green; covering a layer of black film after covering soil;
(6) When the potatoes are ripe, killing seedlings and then opening the black film;
(7) During the results, pull up the nylon wire and turn over to one side, utilize the traction force of nylon wire to take out the potato in the soil, simultaneously with the same one side of nylon wire will lift the potato manual sorting can, need not adopt the hoe to excavate again, also need not adopt harvesting apparatus to its results, avoided the damage that causes the potato.
2. The cultivation method for facilitating the harvest of potatoes from sandy loam as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the compound fertilizer applied in (2), N: p: the weight ratio of K is 15:15:15.
3. the cultivation method for potato in sandy loam as claimed in claim 1, wherein in (4) the seed potato is covered with nylon net of 18 strands, 5cm side and 1.0 m width.
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| CN102150526B (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2013-01-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业技术推广总站 | Planting method for improving production environment of potatoes |
| CN102257917B (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-14 | 惠东县九华农贸有限公司 | Cost-saving and yield-increasing culture technique for southern winter potato |
| CN103907451A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2014-07-09 | 全龙浩 | Cyperus planting and harvesting technology |
| CN103960014B (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2016-08-03 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of Winter potato cultural method |
| CN104115666B (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2016-07-06 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae covers web, high efficiency harvesting method |
| CN104663226A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-06-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cold-proof drought-resistant cultivation method for potatoes |
| CN105145101A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2015-12-16 | 西双版纳尚特新能源科技开发有限公司 | Method for planting cassava through net bag and net bag adopted in method |
| CN106069031A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi improving south double-ridged horn soil micelle poly structure and double cropping of rice rotation cropping method |
| CN206472560U (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-09-08 | 渠尊印 | A kind of rhizome vegetable concentrates culture apparatus |
| CN107771630B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-07-02 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | A kind of tuber of pinellia ecological cultivation method |
| CN108243895A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-06 | 浙江大学 | A kind of method that tulip seed balls are produced by no-tillage cultivation |
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