CN101233817A - Method for improving ability of paddy field parasitic bee control plant hopper and rice leaf roller - Google Patents
Method for improving ability of paddy field parasitic bee control plant hopper and rice leaf roller Download PDFInfo
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- CN101233817A CN101233817A CNA2008100598429A CN200810059842A CN101233817A CN 101233817 A CN101233817 A CN 101233817A CN A2008100598429 A CNA2008100598429 A CN A2008100598429A CN 200810059842 A CN200810059842 A CN 200810059842A CN 101233817 A CN101233817 A CN 101233817A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the ability of paddy parasitoids to control rice hoppers and rice leaf tiers, which pertains to a technical filed of agricultural biological control of insect pests. The method comprises the following steps: (1) a bund is consolidated 30 days before seedling transplanting of single cropping rice or double-cropping late rice; (2) sesame seed is sowed in the bund 30 days before seedling transplanting, and urea is applied after sesame is in bloom and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied on leaf area; (3) pesticide is not allowed to use within 40 days after seedling transplanting and steps such as spraying pesticide under the condition of no wind 40 days after seedling transplanting are carried out. The method of the invention is characterized by labor saving, time saving, simple operation, etc. and can not only improve the ability of paddy parasitoids to control rice hoppers and rice leaf roller but also reduce the application of pesticide with obvious economic, ecological and social benefits. The method can be widely applied in rice cultivation areas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pest biological control technical field, relate in particular to the method that improves paddy field parasitic bee control plant hopper, rice leaf roller ability.
Background technology
Rice fulgorid (mainly being brown planthopper and white-backed planthopper) and rice leaf roller belong to migrating property insect, are China topmost rice grubs in rice district, south, and big continuously generation the in recent years constituted serious threat to the safety in production of China paddy rice.With the natural control action of giving full play to natural enemy is that the insect Ecological Control strategy of purpose is the important foundation of the insect comprehensive regulation; by a series of ecological measures protections with utilize the rice field natural enemy to be considered to the effective way of rice grub Ecological Control always; as plantation various crop such as soybean on the ridge of rice field or by methods such as intercropping or crop rotations, all can impel the foundation of some natural enemy population or the quantity and the vigor of increase natural enemy.Yet, owing to change, rice varieties and the flower arrangement cultivated area of wet rice cultivation system increases, the reasons such as complexity in climatic variation and external worm seedbed cause the worm source radix of rice fulgorid and rice leaf roller to increase, move into the peak is time many, generation overlap seriously and harm increase the weight of.The control of rice grub at present mainly depends on chemical pesticide, and the long-term chemical pesticide that uses had continuously both caused that insect developed immunity to drugs, and caused again that pest natural enemy quantity falls sharply, the residue of pesticide increase descends grain quality and serious adverse consequences such as production cost raising in the ecosystem service function forfeiture substantially, severe environmental pollution, paddy; And the weakening of the generation of chemical pesticide extensive application causing pest resistance to insecticide and natural enemy natural control ability causes pest population rampant again, has formed vicious circle.Therefore, by simple agricultural production measure to protect and to utilize the natural enemy resource effectively, improve natural control level, to reduce agricultural chemicals and use, preserve the ecological environment and promote that innoxious and organic production of paddy rice has been extremely urgent to insect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to; at being becoming increasingly rampant of above-mentioned rice field primary pest-rice fulgorid and rice leaf roller; fall sharply with the advantage of the main natural enemy parasitic wasp of this two worm-rice lice tassel chalcid fly and leaf roll snout moth's larva braconid wasp; the ecological imbalance problem that is caused; propose a kind of protection simple, easily row, improve the existing parasitic wasp quantity in rice field, utilize and improve parasitic wasp control paddy rice primary pest one rice fulgorid and rice leaf roller ability, reduce the method for agricultural chemicals application target to reach.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following technical programs.
Improve the method for paddy field parasitic bee control plant hopper, rice leaf roller ability, this method is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) rice field arrangement, make preparation for ploughing and sowing: put ridge in 30 days in the past in order at single cropping rice or double cropping late rice transplanting seedlings, the ridge spacing requires at 20-60 rice, and removes plant residue, shallowly executes an amount of organic base manure, and is standby;
(2) ridge plantation sesame and management: select that plant type is tall and big, nectary abundant, florescence 40-50 days, yielding ability are good, the sesame variety of waterlogging tolerance and resistance, when rice seedling is transplanted preceding 30 days, on ridge with 10-25 centimetre of spacing program request, every bunch planting kind 3-4 grain, about 3 centimetres of the degree of depth, broadcast the back suppression, impel to sprout and emerge; Thinning when 2 true leaves of seedling length, final singling during 4 true leaves, seedling 2 strains are stayed in every cave; Impose urea by 5kg/ mu after blooming, foliage-spray 0.3%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times is with kind of blooming period prolonging; Whole growing is not used any agricultural chemicals;
(3) rice field management: except that rice seedling transplanting, rich water, intertillage, weeding are managed routinely, requirement is retained in the grassy weed around the rice field, rice seedling is transplanted in back 40 days and is banned use of any chemical pesticide, to guarantee original natural enemy population quantity in the paddy ecosystem;
(4) rice seedling is transplanted after 40 days and is finished until cultivation, when needing to use the chemical pesticide Pest Control, then requires to carry out under calm condition, influences natural enemy on the sesame to avoid agricultural chemicals floated to be spread across.
Described sesame variety is the Jinhua Semen sesami nigrum.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) existing studies have shown that, increase the natural control action of plant biological diversity and crop interplanting interplanting can raising natural enemy, though measures such as ridge plantation soybean are many local popularizations, but has only 1-2 week owing to the florescence of soybean is short, and the petal of its butterflyization closes up, nectary is little, so very limited to nutrition and the facilitation potentiality of parasitic wasp.And the present invention selects sesame is the intercropping crop of paddy field, have that indefinite inflorescence, florescence are more than 50 days, petal is open, nectary is big, help the main parasitic honeybee-rice lice tassel chalcid fly of rice fulgorid and rice leaf roller and leaf roll snout moth's larva braconid wasp to characteristics such as the search of close source target and nutritional supplementation, can more effectively promote parasitic wasp growth and breeding, thereby improve control ability insect; By the comparative trial of ridge growing different crops to paddy field parasitic bee Pest Control ability, the result shows, when rice tillering was contained phase and full heading time, its rice hoppers ovum parasitic rate of intercropping sesame district and rice leaf roller larvae parasitic rate all were significantly higher than soybean district, Chinese cabbage district and blank district (seeing embodiment 2).
(2) the present invention take the sesame as paddy field intercropping interplanting crop, and proposed to improve the matching method of paddy field parasitic bee control plant hopper, rice leaf roller ability, obtained significant effect, wherein, ridge sesame sowing time is with preceding 30 days optimums of rice transplanting, because of it promptly began to bloom successively to the rice transplanting in about 10 days, help the field parasitic wasp and when lacking the host, can find the nectar source and increase the parasitic wasp population quantity; The sesame seed spacing is with 10 to 25 centimetres of the bests, apparently higher than 40 to 55 centimetres of persons of the rice fulgorid ovum parasitic rate in its rice field and rice leaf roller larvae parasitic rate; The ridge spacing is comparatively suitable with 20-60 rice, and its effect obviously is better than 80 meters persons (seeing embodiment table 1).
(3) the present invention have the saving of labor, save time, characteristics such as simple to operate, and sesame is as help, seasoned food, sell well, economic benefit height, therefore the production model of rice field ridge plantation sesame is very easily accepted by the producer, both can improve the ability of paddy field parasitic bee control plant hopper, rice leaf roller, can reduce the use of agricultural chemicals again, reduce environmental pollution, can obtain remarkable economical, ecology and social benefit.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail by following examples, but the present invention is not limited by following content.
Test situation:
2007 at the Jinhua, Zhejiang Province suburban area, selects that land plan is neat, water conservancy irrigation system perfecting, the medium rice district, hills of soil fertility; Rice varieties is a two line system, and July 1 transplanted, normal field management; Sesame variety is the Jinhua Semen sesami nigrum.
The rice fulgorid egg parasitoids is sociales with rice lice tassel chalcid fly, the rice leaf roller larvae phase parasitic wasp be sociales with leaf roll snout moth's larva braconid wasp.Contain the parasitic rate of phase and full heading time sampling survey rice fulgorid ovum and rice leaf roller larvae respectively at rice tillering.Get 20 of rice leaf sheaths that contain the rice fulgorid ovum at random with five point samplings, under entity bitubular anatomical lens, dissect the rice fulgorid ovum, put down in writing normal ovum amount respectively and by parasitic ovum amount.Win the blade 300-400 sheet that contains the worm bud at random, strip 100 of 4-5 instar larvaes, moving on to 10 diameters with writing brush respectively is in 9 centimetres the culture tank (10 every jar), puts into fresh rice leaf in the culture tank again, preserves moisture with wet cotton balls.Use Parafilm at last
Cere seals, and stings several apertures with blowing air with syringe needle.Investigate every other day after 3 days by parasitic larva number, all dead or pupate until larva.
Rice fulgorid ovum parasitic rate=by egg parasitoid amount ÷ (by egg parasitoid amount+normal ovum amount) * 100%
The rice leaf roller larvae parasitic rate=by parasitic larva number (%)
Plantation and the application of embodiment 1:(Jinhua Semen sesami nigrum)
Put ridge in 30 days in the past in order at single cropping rice or double cropping late rice transplanting seedlings, the ridge spacing requires to remove the plant residue, the intertill and clean tillage that are retained in season on the ridge at 20-60 rice, makes soil in small, broken bits loose, surfacing, and shallowly execute an amount of fertilizer pig manure as base manure; After the ridge arrangement, select that plant type is big, dark green leaf color is opened and spent in vain, nectary abundant, the florescence reaches 40-50 days, yielding ability is good, waterlogging tolerance is all stronger Jinhua Semen sesami nigrum, with 25 centimetres of program requests at interval, 4 in every bunch planting sesame seed, sowing depth is about 3 centimetres, broadcast back suppression in time, seed and soil are connected airtight, be beneficial to seed suction sprouting and emerge; Thinning when 2 true leaves of seedling length, final singling during 4 true leaves, seedling 2 strains are stayed in every cave; Impose urea (5kg/667m2) after blooming, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray 0.3%～0.4% 2 times is with kind of blooming period prolonging; Do not use any agricultural chemicals in whole growing.
Embodiment 2:(ridge growing different crops is to the test of paddy field parasitic bee Pest Control ability)
Select pure water rice single cropping rice district, put ridge in the past in order in 30 days, use sufficient base manure at rice transplanting; At rice transplanting in the time of preceding 30 days, on different ridges, sow sesame (Jinhua Semen sesami nigrum), soybean (No. 3, Zhejiang autumn beans) and Chinese cabbage (precocious No. 5) respectively, with the blank is contrast, the ridge spacing is 40 meters, 25 centimetres of sowing sesame spacings, soybean and Chinese cabbage are planted routinely, and test repeats 3 times, form sesame, soybean, Chinese cabbage and four districts of blank; Paddy rice is seedling raising and transplanting, rich water quality management routinely, transplants in back 40 days and does not use any agricultural chemicals.The result shows that when rice tillering was contained phase and full heading time, sesame district rice hoppers ovum parasitic rate and rice leaf roller larvae parasitic rate were all apparently higher than soybean district, Chinese cabbage district and check plot, and the soybean district is higher than Chinese cabbage district and blank district (seeing Table 1).
The different sesame sowing times of embodiment 3:(are to the effect of paddy field parasitic bee Pest Control ability)
Respectively single cropping rice transplanted preceding 30 days, 15 days and the rice transplanting same day and rice transplanting after 15 days time sowing sesames, form four districts, the sesame type of seeding is with embodiment 1, rice transplanting and control measures thereof are with embodiment 2.The result shows, when rice tillering is contained phase and full heading time, with the sesame district that rice transplanting is sowed in the time of preceding 30 days, the rice fulgorid ovum parasitic rate in its rice field and rice leaf roller larvae parasitic rate are the highest, and the rice field parasitic rate of sowing in 15 days is minimum behind rice transplanting.This mainly is because the sesame of preceding 30 days of rice transplanting sowing, blooms successively promptly having begun about 10 days behind the rice transplanting, helps the field parasitic wasp and finds the nectar source and increased parasitic wasp population quantity (seeing Table 1) when lacking the host.
The different sesame seed spacings of embodiment 4:(are to the effect of paddy field parasitic bee Pest Control ability)
If the sesame seed spacing is respectively 10,25,40 and 55 centimetres of four processing, the sesame type of seeding is with embodiment 1, and rice transplanting and control measures thereof are with embodiment 2.The result shows that the sesame seed spacing is that the rice fulgorid ovum parasitic rate and the rice leaf roller larvae parasitic rate in 10 and 25 centimetres of rice fields is higher, and the parasitic rate of spacing when being 55 centimetres obviously reduces (seeing Table 1).
The different ridge spacings of embodiment 5:(are to the effect of paddy field parasitic bee Pest Control ability)
Rice field width (ridge spacing) is designed to 20,40,60 and 80 meters respectively, and the sesame type of seeding is with embodiment 1, and rice transplanting and control measures thereof are with embodiment 2.The result shows when the ridge spacing is 20-60 rice that the rice fulgorid ovum parasitic rate and the rice leaf roller larvae parasitic rate difference in rice field are not obvious, is significantly higher than the parasitic rate (see Table 1) of ridge spacing when being 80 meters.
Being compared of table 1 rice fulgorid ovum and rice leaf roller larvae by parasitic rate (%)
| Embodiment | Tillering stage | Full heading time | |||
| The rice fulgorid ovum | Rice leaf roller larvae | The rice fulgorid ovum | Rice leaf roller larvae | ||
| Embodiment 2 ridge growing different crops | Sesame | 37.2 | 22.8 | 36.7 | 23.9 |
| Soybean | 23.6 | 16.2 | 28.4 | 19.6 | |
| Vegetables | 15.3 | 8.7 | 11.5 | 10.4 | |
| Blank | 15.7 | 9.4 | 12.3 | 8.9 | |
| The 3 different sesame sowing times of embodiment | Preceding 30 days of rice transplanting | 37.2 | 22.8 | 36.7 | 23.9 |
| Preceding 15 days of rice transplanting | 25.7 | 11.3 | 31.7 | 17.2 | |
| Rice transplanting same day | 15.3 | 13.7 | 23.2 | 13.8 | |
| Behind the rice transplanting 15 days | 13.5 | 10.1 | 19.8 | 11.6 | |
| Embodiment 4 different sesame seed spacings | 10 centimetres | 33.5 | 23.7 | 37.2 | 26.7 |
| 25 centimetres | 37.2 | 22.8 | 36.7 | 23.9 | |
| 40 centimetres | 25.6 | 19.3 | 25.1 | 21.4 | |
| 55 centimetres | 11.6 | 7.4 | 19.8 | 15.3 | |
| Embodiment 5 different ridge spacings | 20 meters | 35.2 | 20.4 | 37.6 | 17.3 |
| 40 meters | 37.2 | 22.8 | 36.7 | 23.9 | |
| 60 meters | 27.8 | 19.6 | 33.6 | 19.8 | |
| 80 meters | 12.4 | 7.5 | 17.4 | 9.2 | |
Claims (2)
1, improve the method for paddy field parasitic bee control plant hopper, rice leaf roller ability, it is characterized in that this method carries out according to the following steps:
(1) rice field arrangement, make preparation for ploughing and sowing: put ridge in 30 days in the past in order at single cropping rice or double cropping late rice transplanting seedlings, the ridge spacing requires at 20-60 rice, and removes plant residue, shallowly executes an amount of organic base manure, and is standby;
(2) ridge plantation sesame and management: select that plant type is tall and big, nectary abundant, florescence 40-50 days, yielding ability are good, the sesame variety of waterlogging tolerance and resistance, when rice seedling is transplanted preceding 30 days, on ridge with 10-25 centimetre of spacing program request, every bunch planting kind 3-4 grain, about 3 centimetres of the degree of depth, broadcast the back suppression, impel to sprout and emerge; Thinning when 2 true leaves of seedling length, final singling during 4 true leaves, seedling 2 strains are stayed in every cave; Impose urea by 5kg/ mu after blooming, foliage-spray 0.3%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times is with kind of blooming period prolonging; Whole growing is not used any agricultural chemicals;
(3) rice field management: except that rice seedling transplanting, rich water, intertillage, weeding are managed routinely, requirement is retained in the grassy weed around the rice field, rice seedling is transplanted in back 40 days and is banned use of any chemical pesticide, to guarantee original natural enemy population quantity in the paddy ecosystem;
(4) rice seedling is transplanted after 40 days and is finished until cultivation, when needing to use the chemical pesticide Pest Control, then requires to carry out under calm condition, influences natural enemy on the sesame to avoid agricultural chemicals floated to be spread across.
2, by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that described sesame variety is the Jinhua Semen sesami nigrum.
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