CN107937281B - Novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving fertilizer utilization rate and application thereof - Google Patents

Novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving fertilizer utilization rate and application thereof Download PDF

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CN107937281B
CN107937281B CN201711215758.7A CN201711215758A CN107937281B CN 107937281 B CN107937281 B CN 107937281B CN 201711215758 A CN201711215758 A CN 201711215758A CN 107937281 B CN107937281 B CN 107937281B
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吴秀红
张朝晖
邱吉茂
成钟
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Nanjing Cuijingyuan Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the utilization rate of a fertilizer and application thereof, belonging to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer. The novel biological compound microbial agent is high in effective viable count and high in survival rate of applied strains, and the fertilizer utilization rate is improved. The novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the fertilizer utilization rate comprises an endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum and a microbial inoculum; the endophytic mycorrhizal agent comprises rhizospora rhizogenes; the microbial agent comprises lactobacillus buchneri, azotobacter, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and nonpathogenic lactobacillus. The novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer has higher effective viable count and high survival rate after being applied to soil.

Description

Novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving fertilizer utilization rate and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the utilization rate of a fertilizer.
Background
The fertilizer utilization rate refers to the percentage of fertilizer nutrient utilization by crops or the recovery rate of fertilizer nutrients by crops. At present, the reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application amount is controlled in the technology for improving the fertilizer utilization rate; controlling fertilizer water regulation and fertilizer application technology; balanced fertilization, slow/controlled release fertilizer was used.
At present, the average utilization rates of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer of three grain crops of rice, corn and wheat in China in season are respectively 33%, 24% and 42%. Wherein the utilization rates of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer of the wheat are respectively 32 percent, 19 percent and 44 percent; the utilization rates of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer of the rice are respectively 35 percent, 25 percent and 41 percent; the utilization rates of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer of the corn are respectively 32 percent, 25 percent and 43 percent.
Internationally, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is generally reflected by the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer in the season. At present, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the food crops in the United states is approximately 50 percent, and the utilization rate of the food crops in the major European countries is approximately 65 percent which is 15 to 30 percent higher than that of the food crops in the China.
The method shows that although part of the technology in China reaches the international advanced level, the whole level does not reach the same level in China, the development of matched equipment is relatively weak, and the current research situation has the phenomena that the technologies are mutually confidential and the progress is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a novel biological compound microbial inoculum which has high effective viable count and high survival rate of strains after application and can improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and application thereof.
The invention relates to a novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the utilization rate of a fertilizer, which comprises an endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum and a microbial inoculum;
the endophyte mycorrhizal agents include rhizospora rhizogenes (Rhizophagus intraradics);
the microbial agent includes Lactobacillus buchneri (Lactobacillus buchneri), Azotobacter (Azotobacter), actinomycetes (Actinomyces), Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus), Yeast (Yeast), and non-pathogenic Lactobacillus (Clostridium).
Preferably, the spore number of the rhizosporangium intraradicans in the endophyte mycorrhizal fungi agent is not less than 200/g.
Preferably, the effective viable count of the lactobacillus buchneri in the microbial agent is more than or equal to 1.5 multiplied by 107The effective viable count of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 107The effective viable count of actinomycetes is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 108Effective viable count of lactobacillus is not less than 5.0 × 106Effective viable count of yeast is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 10 per mL7Effective viable count of non-pathogenic lactobacillus is not less than 4.5 × 107/mL。
Preferably, the mass-volume ratio of the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent to the microbial fungi agent is 1.5: 1 (i.e. 1.5g of endophytic mycorrhizal agent: 1mL of microbial agent).
The invention also relates to application of the novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, wherein the compound microbial inoculum is used for improving the utilization rate of crops to the fertilizer.
Preferably, the crops include food crops and cash crops.
Compared with the prior art, the novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and the application thereof are characterized in that:
1. the novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer has higher effective viable count and high survival rate after being applied to soil;
2. the mixed microbial inoculum can enhance the resistance of crops to adverse environment, improve the quality of the crops, effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, improve the soil structure and improve the comprehensive benefit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a picture of eggplant of the treatment group after the product of example 4 was applied;
fig. 2 is a picture of a control group of eggplant that was not administered the product of example 4;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the development of watermelon roots in the treatment group after the product of example 5 is used;
FIG. 4 is a picture of the development of watermelon roots in a control group without the product of example 5.
Detailed Description
The novel biological compound microbial agent for improving fertilizer utilization rate and the application thereof are further illustrated by the following examples and verification tests.
Example 1
The novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the fertilizer utilization rate comprises an endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum and a microbial inoculum; the mass-volume ratio of the endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum to the microbial inoculum is 1.5: 1. (i.e., 1.5g of endophytic mycorrhizal agent: 1mL of microbial agent)
Example 2
The novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the fertilizer utilization rate comprises an endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum and a microbial inoculum; the mass-volume ratio of the endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum to the microbial inoculum is 1: 1.
example 3
The novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the fertilizer utilization rate comprises an endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum and a microbial inoculum; the mass-volume ratio of the endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum to the microbial inoculum is 2: 1.
example 4
The novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the fertilizer utilization rate comprises an endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum and a microbial inoculum; the mass-volume ratio of the endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum to the microbial inoculum is 1.2: 1.
example 5
The novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the fertilizer utilization rate comprises an endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum and a microbial inoculum; the mass-volume ratio of the endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum to the microbial inoculum is 1.8: 1.
the contents of the respective strains in the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent and the microbial fungi agent in the above examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1-5 content of each strain in endophytic mycorrhizal and microbial inoculants
Figure BDA0001485510610000031
Note: the contents in the above table are the contents of each strain in the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent or the microbial fungi agent.
Verification test
The following tests were conducted on the products prepared in examples 1 to 5, respectively, to verify the effect of improving the fertilizer utilization rate.
1. Seed dressing
The novel biological compound microbial inoculum prepared in the embodiment 1 and capable of improving the fertilizer utilization rate is used for seed dressing, the seed dressing amount is 80 mL/mu, and the seed dressing is suitable for field crops such as rice, corn and wheat, economic crops such as cabbage, celery and cucumber, and most flowers. In the following, taking corn as an example, the influence of different treatments on the fertilizer utilization rate is verified by adopting a verification test. Specific data are shown in table 2, where CK: conventional fertilizer, T1: the endophyte mycorrhizal agent, T2: microbial agents used alone, T3: the endophytic mycorrhizal inoculant and the microbial inoculant (namely the inoculant of the invention) are used.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on Fertilizer utilization
Utilization rate of fertilizer Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5
CK 29％ 29％ 29％ 29％ 29％
T1 37％ 37％ 38％ 38％ 37％
T2 37％ 36％ 37％ 36％ 38％
T3 40％ 39％ 41％ 40％ 41％
The survival rate and the number of cells of the microorganisms after seed dressing are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 survival rate of microorganisms after dressing
Figure BDA0001485510610000041
Figure BDA0001485510610000051
TABLE 4 number of Neurospora rhizogenes on different days
Figure BDA0001485510610000052
2. Seed soaking
The novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the fertilizer utilization rate prepared in the embodiment 2 is used for seed soaking, the seed soaking amount is 10 mL/mu, the solution after seed soaking is uniformly sprayed on seedbed soil after seed soaking, and the seed soaking is suitable for field crops such as rice, corn and wheat, economic crops such as cabbage, celery and cucumber and most flowers.
In the following, taking rice as an example, the influence of different treatments on the fertilizer utilization rate is verified by adopting a verification test. Specific data are shown in table 5, where CK: conventional fertilizer, T1: the endophyte mycorrhizal agent, T2: microbial agents used alone, T3: the endophytic mycorrhizal inoculant and the microbial inoculant (namely the inoculant of the invention) are used.
TABLE 5 Effect of different treatments on Fertilizer utilization
Utilization rate of fertilizer Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5
CK 29％ 29％ 29％ 29％ 29％
T1 35％ 36％ 37％ 37％ 36％
T2 37％ 36％ 35％ 36％ 35％
T3 39％ 38％ 40％ 39％ 40％
The survival rate and the number of cells of the microorganism after the seed soaking are shown in tables 6 and 7.
TABLE 6 survival rates of microorganisms after dressing
Figure BDA0001485510610000061
TABLE 7 number of Neurospora rhizogenes on different days
Figure BDA0001485510610000071
3. Dipping root
The novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the fertilizer utilization rate prepared in the embodiment 3 is dipped in roots during seedling transplantation, and the solution dipped in the roots is uniformly sprayed on soil, and the root dipping is suitable for field crops such as rice, corn and wheat, economic crops such as cabbage, celery and cucumber and most flowers.
Taking strawberry as an example, the effect of different treatments on the fertilizer utilization rate is verified by adopting a verification test. Specific data are shown in table 8, where CK: conventional fertilizer, T1: the endophyte mycorrhizal agent, T2: microbial agents used alone, T3: the endophytic mycorrhizal inoculant and the microbial inoculant (namely the inoculant of the invention) are used.
TABLE 8 Effect of different treatments on Fertilizer utilization
Utilization rate of fertilizer Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5
CK 29％ 29％ 29％ 29％ 29％
T1 36％ 38％ 38％ 38％ 37％
T2 38％ 37％ 38％ 37％ 38％
T3 41％ 40％ 42％ 41％ 42％
The survival rates and cell numbers of the microorganisms dipped in the roots are shown in tables 9 and 10. TABLE 9 survival rates of microorganisms after dressing
Figure BDA0001485510610000081
TABLE 10 number of Neurospora rhizogenes on different days
Figure BDA0001485510610000091
4. Influence on crop growth (Aubergine for example)
The product of the invention can increase the absorption of mineral nutrients and improve the element balance in the plant body when being used for eggplants. Promoting plant growth and increasing CO2Exchange rate, transpiration rate, porosity conductivity and water utilization rate. The mycorrhizal fungi can fully utilize the water in the soil, and improve the water condition of the plant body by directly absorbing the water, changing the content of free water and the ratio of the free water to bound water in the plant body, improving the activity of the root system or changing the shape of the root system and the like. The mycorrhizal fungi infecting the plant root system can stimulate the expression of plant defense genes, improve the abundance and the enzyme activity of mRNA of the defense enzyme and induce plants to synthesize disease course related Proteins (PRs), so that the mycorrhizal fungi can directly and/or indirectly antagonize pathogens, prevent the occurrence and development of diseases and improve the health condition of the plants. The mycorrhizal fungi infect the root system of the plant, and the hypha tissue on the surface of the root can protect the root systemIs free from pathogenic attack. The activity of the microorganism generates a large amount of 'phosphoglycan', which helps to bond fine soil particles, improve the soil structure, eliminate soil hardening and restore the soil activity.
The novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the fertilizer utilization rate, prepared in example 4, is applied to the soil for planting eggplants, the base fertilizer application rate is 100 mL/mu, the top dressing application rate is 80 mL/mu, biomass parameters such as the plant height and the stem thickness of the eggplants are compared, the results are shown in tables 11 and 12, biomass comparison graphs of the two are shown in figures 1 and 2, the comparison is no addition, and the treatment is to apply the product prepared in example 4.
TABLE 11 Effect of different treatments on eggplant yield
Eggplant Yield (kg/mu) More than CK plus or minus percent
Control (CK) 2435
Treatment (T) 2712 11.37
Table 12 effect of different treatments on eggplant biomass
Eggplant Control (CK) Treatment (T)
Plant height (cm) 10.9 11.2
Stem diameter (mm) 2.066 2.344
Blade spread (cm) 11.4 11.8
Maximum leaf area (cm)2) 7.5*6.1 8*6
Total number of root (strip) 126 189
Root length (cm) 11.8 12
The results show that the product of the invention can promote the growth of root systems: the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent can promote the growth of root systems to a great extent during the seedling raising period of crops, so that the growth vigor of the plants is more vigorous; meanwhile, the resistance of the plant seedlings to adverse environment is enhanced; the root length of the plant seedlings treated by the microbial inoculum is increased by more than 46 percent compared with the control, and the number of the roots is increased by more than 25 percent; can also promote the growth of plants: the biological agent can effectively promote the growth of plants, the plant height of the plant seedlings treated by the biological agent is increased by more than 2.75 percent compared with a control, the leaf area is increased by more than 4.92 percent, and the early flowering of crops can be promoted; can enhance disease resistance: the disease resistance of the eggplant is obviously improved, the continuous cropping obstacle is relieved, and the occurrence time of the continuous cropping obstacle is delayed.
5. Influence on crop growth (watermelon as an example)
The product of the invention is used in watermelon test field to increase nutrient absorption of watermelon seedlings and improve element balance in plants. Promoting plant growth and increasing CO2Exchange rate, transpiration rate, porosity conductivity and water utilization rate. The mycorrhizal fungi can fully utilize the water in the soil, and improve the water condition of the plant body by directly absorbing the water, changing the content of free water and the ratio of the free water to bound water in the plant body, improving the activity of the root system or changing the shape of the root system and the like. The mycorrhizal fungi infecting the plant root system can stimulate the expression of plant defense genes, improve the abundance and the enzyme activity of mRNA of the defense enzyme and induce plants to synthesize disease course related Proteins (PRs), so that the mycorrhizal fungi can directly and/or indirectly antagonize pathogens, prevent the occurrence and development of diseases and improve the health condition of the plants. The mycorrhizal fungi infect the root system of the plant, and the hypha tissue on the surface of the root can protect the root system from being attacked by pathogens. The activity of the microorganism generates a large amount of 'phosphoglycan', which helps to bond fine soil particles, improve the soil structure, eliminate soil hardening and restore the soil activity.
The novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the fertilizer utilization rate prepared in the example 5 is applied to a watermelon test field, the base fertilizer application amount is 150 mL/mu, the top dressing application amount is 130 mL/mu, the watermelon yield and product quality comparison ratios of a control group and a treatment group are shown in tables 13 and 14, the biomass comparison graphs of the two groups are shown in figures 3 and 4, wherein the control is no additive, and the treatment is the application of the product prepared in the example 5.
TABLE 13 Effect of different treatments on watermelon yield and quality
Watermelon Yield (kg/mu) Fruit number/plant Central sugar (rotation) Side sugar (degree)
Control (CK) 1143 22.63 9.5 8.7
Treatment (T) 1732 29.11 11.8 10.4
TABLE 14 Effect of different treatments on watermelon Biomass
Watermelon Control (CK) Treatment (T)
Plant height (cm) 12.9 14
Maximum leaf area (cm)2) 5.3*5.1 7*5.5
Blade spread (cm)2) 9*4.5 14*9.3
Stem diameter (mm) 0.32 0.32
Root length (cm) 9.86 14.44
Total number of root (strip) 151.2 189.2
Number of blades (sheet) 3 leaf and 1 heart 4 leaf and 1 heart
The verification tests prove that the novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer has high survival rate after being applied to soil; the mixed microbial inoculum can enhance the resistance of crops to adverse environment, improve the quality of the crops, effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, improve the soil structure and improve the comprehensive benefit.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving fertilizer utilization rate is characterized in that: the complex microbial inoculum comprises an endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum and a microbial inoculum;
the endophytic mycorrhizal agent comprises rhizospora rhizogenes;
the microbial agent comprises lactobacillus buchneri, azotobacter, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and nonpathogenic lactobacillus;
the spore number of rhizospora intraradicularis in the endophytic mycorrhizal inoculant is not less than 200/g; the effective viable count of the lactobacillus buchneri in the microbial agent is more than or equal to 1.5 multiplied by 107The effective viable count of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 107The effective viable count of actinomycetes is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 108Effective viable count of lactobacillus is not less than 5.0 × 106Effective viable count of yeast is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 10 per mL7Effective viable count of non-pathogenic lactobacillus is not less than 4.5 × 107/mL。
2. The novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving fertilizer utilization rate of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mass-volume ratio of the endophytic mycorrhizal microbial inoculum to the microbial inoculum is 1.5: 1.
3. the application of the novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer is characterized in that: the compound microbial inoculum is the compound microbial inoculum described in claim 1, and is used for improving the utilization rate of crops on fertilizers.
4. The application of the novel biological compound microbial inoculum for improving the fertilizer utilization rate as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the crops comprise food crops and cash crops.
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