CN101292600A - Cajanus cajan cultivation method for dry heat stream valley dry hillside fields - Google Patents

Cajanus cajan cultivation method for dry heat stream valley dry hillside fields Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101292600A
CN101292600A CNA2008100584642A CN200810058464A CN101292600A CN 101292600 A CN101292600 A CN 101292600A CN A2008100584642 A CNA2008100584642 A CN A2008100584642A CN 200810058464 A CN200810058464 A CN 200810058464A CN 101292600 A CN101292600 A CN 101292600A
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seed
rain
sowing
dry
water
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Inventor
杨艳鲜
纪中华
方海东
廖承飞
潘志贤
冯光恒
沙毓沧
袁理春
李建增
杨顺林
和寿甲
杜波
韩学琴
邓红山
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL ECO-AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES YUNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL ECO-AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES YUNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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Priority to CNA2008100584642A priority Critical patent/CN101292600A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating pigeon pea on a dry slop land and a dry hot valley, pertaining to the technical field of the crop cultivation. The method of the invention includes soil preparation, treatment and sowing of seeds, management of water and fertilizer, pest control, harvesting and storage. The soil preparation is carried out after the soaking rain in May; 500kg to 1000kg farmyard manure per Mu (one Mu is approximately equal to 666.66 square meter) as the base fertilizer is applied to shallow furrows for sowing; the seeds are directly sown if sown before rain or sown after the seeds are immersed in warm water if sown after rain; 50g to 100g fused calcium magnesium phosphate as the base fertilizer is applied to each hole before sowing. By adopting the method of the invention, as to the feed-type variety, 4900kg to 8300kg of fresh feed per Mu or 270kg to 330kg of seeds per Mu can be harvested and the contrast ratio is respectively increased by 15 to 26 times and 12 to 15 times; due to the variety of vegetables, 400kg to 1000kg of fresh beans per Mu can be harvested with the contrast ratio increasing by 10 to 17 times and 200kg to 400kg of fresh feed per Mu can also be obtained with the contrast ratio increasing by 2 to 4 times. Therefore, the method of the invention can not only increase the incomes of farmers, but also conserve both moisture and soil and improve the ecological environment.

Description

A kind of Cajanus cajan cultivation method for dry heat stream valley dry hillside fields
Technical field
The present invention relates to self-employed tree cultivator's crop cultivating technology field, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method of on the dry-hot valley arid hillside field, planting pigeonpea.
Background technology
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh) whole body is precious, belong to the living undershrub of the perennial speed of pulse family, originating in India, is unique up to now a kind of woody edible legume, can be used as animal and fowl fodder, vegetables, the processing of crisp-fried beans, puts lacca in a suitable place to breed, water is protected economic forest etc.Dry-hot valley local climate arid is scorching, and average annual rainfall is between the 558-801.2mm, evaporation discharge 2636-3830mm, be rainfall 3.4-6.0 doubly, the hydro-thermal balance is seriously lacked of proper care.In recent years; along with carrying out of country's conceding the land to forestry and environmental protection work; extremely fragile at the dry-hot valley ecotope, water shortage, land deterioration are serious, the region characteristic of photo-thermal resource abundance, seek a kind ofly can realize that species ecological and economy " doulbe-sides' victory " target seem and be even more important.Pigeonpea adaptability is strong, and well developed root system is drought-enduring anti-lean, can check winds and fix drifting sand, and prevents erosion, and increases forests will cover, improves the water and soil conservation ability, and peculiar ecology of pigeonpea self and economic worth are that a speed of taking into account ecological and economic benefit is given birth to compound good seeds.Utilize waste mountain waste development pigeonpea to produce; both can prevent erosion, the protection agroecological environment can be people again nutritious pollution-free food is provided; for livestock breeding provides the high protein high-quality feed, therefore very great in dry-hot valley regional development pigeonpea high-quality plantation meaning.
Yet, for a long time, pigeonpea still is in scattered no cultivation management, utilizes state less in this area, no-tillage, not weeding, does not apply fertilizer, does not pour water, does not go and buy Chinese medicine, does not cradle, not fruit picking, do not gather in the crops, only, cause its value really to be embodied as a kind of water and soil conservation seeds plantation.The pigeonpea arid hillside field high-yield culture technique that does not also have a cover system in the prior art at the dry-hot valley area.For this reason, the inventor is through the groping, studying for many years in this area, worked out a cover practicable on the dry-hot valley arid hillside field high-yield cultivating method of plantation pigeonpea.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of on the dry-hot valley arid hillside field, planting pigeonpea.The present invention is directed to that pigeonpea of the prior art plantation is no-tillage, not weeding, do not apply fertilizer, do not pour water, do not go and buy Chinese medicine, do not cradle, not fruit picking, the problem not gathering in the crops and do not have the comprehensive high-yield culture technique of system, adopt scientific and reasonable cultivation method to get involved artificial management and use measure, improve the availability of arid hillside field, for a new approach is sought in increasing income of peasant and the construction of ecotope.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, plants by the kind method for planting of prior art, over one year, covered deadly after having 1/3 to emerge by weeds, flower pod phase insect pest is more serious, do not cradle utilization yet, only gather in the crops the seed of 5-20kg/ mu during results, but adopt the present invention, the feed form kind can be gathered in the crops fresh feed 4900-8300kg/ mu or seed 270-330kg/ mu, and comparison is according to improving 15-26 times and 12-15 times respectively; The vegetables type kind bright beanpod 400kg/ mu-1000kg/ mu of searching for food, comparison is according to improving 10-17 doubly; Results fresh feed 200-400kg/ mu, comparison is according to improving 2-4 doubly; Results seed 170-480kg/ mu, comparison is according to improving 29-56 doubly.
2, the inventive method is comprehensive strong and operate simple and easyly, practical, is easy to apply.
Technical scheme of the present invention is made up of whole ground, seed treatment and sowing, water and fertilizer management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, results and five steps of storage, carries out according to the following steps:
1, wholely
Carry out behind the saturating rain May, turns over plough plantation arid hillside field, applies farmyard manure 500-1000kg/ mu when raking and make base manure, and reason is gone on a journey apart from 1.0m * 1.0m, wide 20cm, and dark 20cm sowing shallow ridges is waited to sow.
2, seed treatment and sowing
The rain direct sowing method is robbed in employing.Live before the rain with dry seeds; Behind the rain with broadcasting again behind water seed soaking 45 ± 3min of 50 ℃ ± 5; Before the sowing, with every cave 50-100g contain 20% effective phosphorus pentoxide, 40% calcium oxide, 12% magnesian fused calcium magnesium phosphate, in seed furrow, indicate the spacing in the rows of 1.0m * 1.0m, simultaneously as base manure, fertilizer and soil are mixed thoroughly afterwards live with spud during sowing.
Width and the degree of depth, the spacing in the rows of the line-spacing of pigeonpea, sowing shallow ridges are neglected the pigeonpea kind greatly and are decided.
3, water and fertilizer management
1. weeding: rain hot same period, the weeds overgrowing, the 3 week weedings of emerging, 8 all secondary weedings can be gathered in the crops.
2. fertilising: 1) impose urea 10-15kg/ mu after the weeding before the rain once based on nitrogenous fertilizer seedling stage.2) by the purposes difference, the bright beanpod production of seed and vegetables is based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, contain 11% phosphorus ammonium, 18% potassium sulphate buddingging and spend the pod phase to apply from the about 15cm of plant root place, the composite fertilizer 30-50g/ strain of phosphorus, potassium available nutrient content 〉=29% can impose 2 times; Green grass or young crops is raised and cradles based on nitrogenous fertilizer, cradles the back and imposes urea 10-15kg/ mu once before rain.
3. pour water: pigeonpea tool drought resistance, rainwater is normal, but well-grown.In the dry season in February in November to next year, supplementary irrigation water is 1 time before spending, and supplementary irrigation water is 1 time before the grouting, can gather in the crops.Cradle back supplementary irrigation water 1-2 time, can increase the amount of raising of producing.
4, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Insect pest is less in seedling stage, and the flower pod phase is more serious, prevent and treat ineffectively, and loss is very big.Common insect: cotton bollworm, French beans moth pod worm, blue butterfly, the wild snout moth's larva of cowpea beans, moth class, budding to the harm always of bearing pods.Cotton bollworm, blue butterfly, the control of moth class: with 5.5% A Wei-1000~1500 times of liquid of chlopyrifos or 20% A Wei-single extremely little 1000~1500 times of liquid spraying; French beans moth pod worm, the wild snout moth's larva control of beans: with 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50% Folithion; From buddingging to pod bearing period, with A Wei-chlopyrifos spraying, different medicine sprayings were rotated in the back every 5-7 days, can prevent and treat comprehensively, can reduce the pesticide resistance of insect again earlier, and adding up to continuously, spray gets final product for 3-4 time.Common disease: powdery mildew, dry season, harm was heavier.With 500 times of liquid sprayings of 25% triadimefon WP1800 times liquid and 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew double more than, 5-7 days effects are best at interval.During control, put prevention first.
5, results and storage
Green grass or young crops is raised: the about 60cm of toothing cradles 3-4 time/year.Seed (seed): adopt and cradle method or harvesting method, it is higher to cradle method efficient.The seed of storage is subject to the harm of bean weevil, and the seed of reserving seed for planting dries and opposes powder with the first of per kilogram seed 5g to water content 10% below and mix storage thoroughly.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The test basic condition: experimental field at the Forest Space in Dry-hot Valley Yuanmou arid hillside field, 10.3 mu of areas, the supplementary irrigation of can economizing on water.The pigeonpea kind has totally 3 of ICPL87119 (feed form), ICPL87091 (vegetables type), ICP7035 (vegetables type), and feed form and vegetables type two classes are arranged, the burst plantation, and seeding row spacing 1.0m * 1.0m, all cultivation management methods are all consistent, carry out by the following method:
1, wholely
Behind the May saturating rain, turn over plough plantation arid hillside field, apply farmyard manure 800kg/ mu when raking and make base manure, the reason trip is apart from 1.0m * 1.0m, wide 20cm, and dark 20cm sowing shallow ridges is waited to sow.
2, seed treatment and sowing
The rain direct sowing method is robbed in employing.Live before the rain with dry seeds.Behind the rain with 50 ℃ ± 5Water seed soaking about 45 ± 3Broadcast again behind the min.Before the sowing, with every cave 50g contain 20% effective phosphorus pentoxide, 40% calcium oxide, 12% magnesian fused calcium magnesium phosphate, in seed furrow, indicate the spacing in the rows of 1.0m * 1.0m, simultaneously as base manure, fertilizer and soil are mixed thoroughly afterwards live with spud during sowing.
3, water and fertilizer management
Weeding: rain hot same period, the weeds overgrowing, the 3 week weedings of emerging, 8 all secondary weedings can be gathered in the crops.
Fertilising: weeding after rain before impose urea 10kg/ mu once based on nitrogenous fertilizer (1) seedling stage.(2) by the purposes difference, the bright beanpod production of seed and vegetables is based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, contains 11% phosphorus ammonium, 18% potassium sulphate buddingging and spend the pod phase to apply from the about 15cm of plant root place, and the composite fertilizer 30g/ strain of phosphorus, potassium available nutrient content 〉=29% imposes 2 times.Green grass or young crops is raised and cradles based on nitrogenous fertilizer, cradles the back and imposes urea 15kg/ mu once before rain.
Pour water: pigeonpea tool drought resistance, rainwater is normal, but well-grown, so do not pour water at rainwater.In the dry season in February in November to next year, supplementary irrigation water is 1 time before spending, and supplementary irrigation water is 1 time before the grouting, i.e. results.For increasing the amount of raising of producing, cradling back supplementary irrigation water 2 times dry season, and 5~October, rainwater did not normally need to pour water.
4, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Insect pest is less seedling stage, and the flower pod phase is more serious, prevent and treat ineffectively, and loss is very big.
Common insect: bean weevil (endangering ripe beanpod and seed), cotton bollworm, French beans moth pod worm, blue butterfly, the wild snout moth's larva of cowpea beans, moth class, budding to the harm always of bearing pods.Buddingging to the cotton bollworm of pod bearing period, blue butterfly, the control of moth class: with 5.5% A Wei-1000~1500 times of liquid of chlopyrifos or 20% A Wei-single extremely little 1000~1500 times of liquid spraying; French beans moth pod worm, the wild snout moth's larva control of beans: with 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50% Folithion; From buddingging to pod bearing period, with A Wei-chlopyrifos spraying, different medicine sprayings were rotated in the back every 5-7 days, can prevent and treat comprehensively, can reduce the pesticide resistance of insect again earlier, and adding up to continuously, spray gets final product for 3-4 time.
Common disease: powdery mildew, dry season, harm was heavier.With 500 times of liquid sprayings of 25% triadimefon WP1800 times liquid and 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew double more than, 5-7 days effects are best at interval.During control, put prevention first.
5, results and storage
Green grass or young crops is raised: the about 60cm of toothing cradles 3-4 time/year, and annual feed form kind can be gathered in the crops fresh feed (browse) 7865.8kg/ mu, and vegetables type kind can cradle fresh feed 218.1-386.6kg/ mu after plucking bright beanpod, sees Table 1 embodiment, 1 result.Seed (seed): adopt and cradle method or harvesting method, it is higher to cradle method efficient.The seed of storage is subject to the harm of bean weevil, and the seed of reserving seed for planting dries and opposes powder with the first of per kilogram seed 5g to water content 10% below and mix storage thoroughly.
Embodiment 2 and embodiment 3: embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 are except that base fertilizer listed in the table 1 is different with the fertilizing amount measure of topdressing, all the other operating procedures are all taken charge of with embodiment 1 mutually with method, see table 1 for details, wherein the fresh feed output of vegetables type kind is to cradle gained after plucking bright beanpod.
According to above inventive method of the present invention, through the plantation implementation experience in 1 year, obtain 1 year result of implementation of 3 kind different measures of fertilizer, see table 1 for details.
Table 1 adopts embodiment 1, embodiment 2 of the inventive method and the implementation result of embodiment 3
Embodiment 4 (contrast)
For a long time, pigeonpea still is in scattered no cultivation management, utilizes state less in this area, plants method for planting and is no-tillage, not weeding, does not apply fertilizer, does not pour water, does not go and buy Chinese medicine, do not cradle, not fruit picking, do not gather in the crops, and only protects woods as water.In embodiment 4, in order to contrast with method of the present invention, at the kind method for planting that adopts above-mentioned prior art, promptly no-tillage, not weeding, do not apply fertilizer, do not pour water, increased on the basis of not going and buy Chinese medicine and cradled, fruit picking and results measure, same 3 kind ICPL87119 (feed form), ICPL87091 (vegetables type), ICP7035 (vegetables type) plants, over one year, covered deadly after having 1/3 to emerge by weeds, flower pod phase insect pest is more serious, only gather in the crops the seed of 5-20.1kg/ mu during results, see Table 2, wherein, all output of the inventive method are embodiment 1, embodiment 2, the output amplitude of the result of implementation of embodiment 3 (seeing Table 1).
The output information slip of the different pigeonpea kinds of table 2 under difference kind method for planting
Figure A20081005846400071
According to the foregoing description result, as known from Table 2, in embodiment 4, adopt prior art, only gather in the crops the seed of 5-20kg/ mu during results, but adopt the inventive method, the feed form pigeonpea can be gathered in the crops fresh feed (browse) 4900-8300kg/ mu or seed 270-330kg/ mu every year, the fresh feed comparison of results is according to improving 15.4-26.4 doubly, and the seed comparison is according to improving 12.9-15.8 doubly; The vegetables type kind ICPL87091 bright beanpod 860-1030kg/ mu of searching for food, comparison is according to improving 14.617.6 doubly, results fresh feed 340-410kg/ mu, and comparison is according to improving 2.1-2.8 doubly, results seed 380-480kg/ mu, comparison is according to improving 29.1-36.3 doubly; The vegetables type kind ICP7035 bright beanpod 400-510kg/ mu of searching for food, comparison is according to improving 10.8-14.1 doubly, results fresh feed 200-300kg/ mu, and comparison is according to improving 2.7-4.6 doubly, results seed 170-290kg/ mu, comparison is according to improving 33.6-56.7 doubly.
To sum up, vegetables type kind (ICPL87091 and ICP7035) the bright beanpod 400kg/ mu-1000kg/ mu of searching for food, comparison is according to improving 10-17 doubly; Results fresh feed 200-400kg/ mu, comparison is according to improving 2.1-4.6 doubly; Results seed 170-480kg/ mu, comparison is according to improving 29-56 doubly.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of Cajanus cajan cultivation method for dry heat stream valley dry hillside fields is made up of whole ground, seed treatment and sowing, water and fertilizer management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, results and five steps of storage, it is characterized in that:
(1) wholely carry out behind the saturating rain, turn over plough plantation arid hillside field, apply the about 500-1000kg/ mu of farmyard manure when raking, manage trip apart from 1.0m * 1.0m as base manure in May, wide 20cm, the sowing shallow ridges of dark 20cm is waited to sow;
(2) in seed treatment and sowing, adopt and rob the rain direct sowing method, live before the rain with dry seeds; Behind the rain with broadcasting again behind water seed soaking 45 ± 3min of 50 ℃ ± 5; Before the sowing, contain 20% effective phosphorus pentoxide, 40% calcium oxide, 12% magnesian fused calcium magnesium phosphate with every cave 50-100g, in seed furrow, indicate that the spacing in the rows of 1.0m * 1.0m or spacing in the rows neglect the pigeonpea kind greatly and decide,, during sowing fertilizer and soil are mixed thoroughly afterwards live simultaneously as base manure;
(3) water and fertilizer management has 1. weeding: the 3 week weedings of emerging, and 8 all secondary weedings can be gathered in the crops; 2. fertilising: impose urea 10-15kg/ mu before the rain once after the weeding in seedling stage; By the purposes difference, the bright beanpod production of seed and vegetables contains 11% phosphorus ammonium, 18% potassium sulphate buddingging and spend the pod phase to apply from plant root 15-20cm place, and the composite fertilizer 30-50g/ strain of phosphorus, potassium available nutrient content 〉=29% can impose 2 times; Green grass or young crops imposes urea 10-15kg/ mu once after raising and cradling before rain; 3. pour water: in the dry season in February in November to next year, supplementary irrigation water is 1 time before spending, and supplementary irrigation water is 1 time before the grouting, can gather in the crops;
(4) in the extermination of disease and insect pest, buddingging: with 5.5% A Wei-1000~1500 times of liquid of chlopyrifos or 20% A Wei-single extremely little 1000~1500 times of liquid spraying to the cotton bollworm of pod bearing period, blue butterfly, the control of moth class; French beans moth pod worm, the wild snout moth's larva control of beans: with 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50% Folithion; From buddingging to pod bearing period, with A Wei-chlopyrifos spraying, different medicine sprayings were rotated in the back every 5-7 days, can prevent and treat comprehensively, can reduce the pesticide resistance of insect again earlier, and adding up to continuously, spray gets final product for 3-4 time; The powdery mildew heavier to dry season harm, with 25% triadimefon WP1800 times liquid and 500 times of liquid sprayings of 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew double more than, sprayed once in 5-7 days at interval;
(5) in results and storage, green grass or young crops is raised: the about 60cm of toothing cradles 3-4 time/year; Seed: adopt method or the harvesting method of cradling; The seed of reserving seed for planting dries to water content and mixes storage thoroughly with the first of per kilogram seed 5g enemy powder below 10%.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cradling back supplementary irrigation water 2 times dry season.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: width and the degree of depth, the spacing in the rows of the line-spacing of pigeonpea, sowing shallow ridges are neglected the pigeonpea kind greatly and are decided.
4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: (1) when raking, the farmyard manure that applies 1000kg/ mu is made base manure wholely; (2) before the sowing, what apply the 100g/ cave contains 20% effective phosphorus pentoxide, 40% calcium oxide, 12% magnesian fused calcium magnesium phosphate; (3) in water and fertilizer management, impose urea 15kg/ mu before the rain once after the weeding in seedling stage; Seed production contains 11% phosphorus ammonium, 18% potassium sulphate buddingging and spend the pod phase to apply from plant root 15-20cm place, and the composite fertilizer 50g/ strain of phosphorus, potassium available nutrient content 〉=29% imposes 2 times; After green grass or young crops is raised and cradles, before rain, impose urea 10-15kg/ mu once.
CNA2008100584642A 2008-05-29 2008-05-29 Cajanus cajan cultivation method for dry heat stream valley dry hillside fields Pending CN101292600A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104365332A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-02-25 覃慧璇 Method for increasing yield of greenhouse tomatoes
CN107926448A (en) * 2017-12-08 2018-04-20 福建省农业科学院作物研究所 A kind of implantation methods for keeping pigeonpea growing and high yield for many years
CN109744078A (en) * 2019-03-18 2019-05-14 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 A kind of ramie seed sowing cultural method
CN117256314A (en) * 2023-11-20 2023-12-22 山东寿光蔬菜种业集团有限公司 Automatic fruit collecting device and method for stringed tomatoes

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104365332A (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-02-25 覃慧璇 Method for increasing yield of greenhouse tomatoes
CN107926448A (en) * 2017-12-08 2018-04-20 福建省农业科学院作物研究所 A kind of implantation methods for keeping pigeonpea growing and high yield for many years
CN109744078A (en) * 2019-03-18 2019-05-14 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 A kind of ramie seed sowing cultural method
CN117256314A (en) * 2023-11-20 2023-12-22 山东寿光蔬菜种业集团有限公司 Automatic fruit collecting device and method for stringed tomatoes
CN117256314B (en) * 2023-11-20 2024-04-12 山东寿光蔬菜种业集团有限公司 Automatic fruit collecting device and method for stringed tomatoes

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