CN115250844A - Wheat no-tillage drill drip irrigation mechanized cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a no-tillage drilling drip irrigation mechanized cultivation method for wheat, which comprises the steps of land selection, planning design and construction, land preparation and foundation applicationThe method comprises the following steps of fertilizer and soil deinsectization, planting mode, mechanical sowing, seedling management, chemical weeding, pest control, harvesting and airing storage. The wheat is harvested in time by a wheat harvester from the late stage of the wax ripening to the full stage, and single harvesting, single beating and single transportation are realized. Preventing mixing and ensuring purity and quality; selecting a pollution-free cleaning and sorting machine, a solar dryer or a drying room for cleaning and drying in time to quickly reduce the water content of the grains to below 13 percent, and warehousing. The cultivation mode of mechanical pipe laying sowing, drip irrigation pipeline laying, drip irrigation remote control intelligent irrigation and water and fertilizer integrated management is implemented, the average yield per mu of wheat reaches 400.0kg, the yield is increased by 87.7kg compared with the traditional planting technology, and the yield is increased by 28.1%; 50-60 m of water is saved for wheat per mu of land³The water utilization efficiency is improved by 33 percent, and the water utilization efficiency and the fertilizer utilization rate are greatly improved.

Description

Wheat no-tillage drill drip irrigation mechanized cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a wheat cultivation method, in particular to a no-tillage drilling drip irrigation mechanized cultivation method for wheat.

Background

The farming and pasturing staggered area in the north of China belongs to a semiarid climate area and is also a transition area of an east farming area and a west pasture area. The semiarid climate zones are mainly distributed in the provinces such as inner Mongolia, hebei, shanxi, gansu and Ningxia, and the total area is 42.41 ten thousand hm²The area of the cross area of the northern agriculture and animal husbandry is 84.94 percent. The north foot of the hills is a typical agricultural and pastoral staggered area, the climate condition is severe, the winter and spring are dry, cold and windy and sandy, the frost-free period is short, the soil desertification is serious, and the ecological environment is fragile. Due to the lack of water resources and insufficient heat resources, wheat crops with short growth and drought tolerance, such as wheat, oat, corn, potato and the like, are generally planted and cooked in a single cropping and one cooking mode. For years, due to various reasons of climate, extensive cultivation, wide variety and thin harvest, farmers mainly operate in scattered households, and agriculture cannot be tightly combined with agricultural machinery, so that the crop yield always wanders to a lower level.

Wheat is one of important grain crops in northern foot areas of the mountains, but the wheat in the areas generally has the phenomena of mixed sowing and mixed planting, has uneven quality, and is difficult to meet the quality requirement of food enterprises on wheat flour. Firstly, the planting technology of most wheat farmers is not standard enough, a plurality of modern technologies are not popularized, and the problems of weak strong and weak tendons of various wheat varieties are increasingly prominent in blind pursuit of yield due to mixed sowing. In addition, the planting area is increasingly reduced due to the influences of factors such as the reduction of the cultivated land area, the grain safety, the grain price ratio and the like, the difficulty in pest control and the like. Therefore, the research and popularization of the planting mode suitable for the area are significant, the water-saving, water-fertilizer integration, efficiency improvement and other related technologies are integrated from the aspects of water, fertilizer, seed, pipe, farming system and mechanization, the planting area of wheat is stabilized and enlarged, and the yield and the quality of wheat are improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a no-tillage drilling drip irrigation mechanized cultivation method for wheat, and a wheat cultivation technical system for drought resistance, water retention, irrigation saving, water supplement, soil fertility improvement and mechanized planting can be established by using the method.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following scheme:

a no-tillage drill-seeding drip-irrigation mechanical cultivation method for wheat comprises the steps of earlier-stage plot selection and planning, land preparation, seed selection, seed treatment, pipe laying and sowing, field water and fertilizer regulation and control, pest control and timely harvesting. The method is characterized in that: no-tillage, pipe-laying seeding, drip irrigation and water and fertilizer integrated management are adopted, so that the water consumption of wheat is reduced on the premise of high yield and high efficiency, and the utilization rate of water resources is improved.

Step 1: selecting land parcels: firstly, selecting land blocks which have relatively flat topography, deep and loose soil layer, medium and high soil fertility, light saline-alkali, smooth land, centralized connection and convenient drip irrigation. It is preferable to select the summer turning land without selecting the low-lying land and the waterlogged land. The former crops are preferably beans, rapes and wheat, and the potatoes and the corns are in the next crop, so that continuous cropping is avoided as much as possible. The soil fertility and previous crop factors need to be considered in selecting land, and the land is suitable for local conditions. Moreover, the continuous field with higher topography is suitable for laying drip irrigation pipelines and mechanical operation. The designed project area is preferably 30-100 mu, and each basic field is 3 mu. According to the design and design specifications of drip irrigation engineering under plastic films of fields (DB 65/T3055-2010), the existing water source conditions are fully utilized, and self-pressure type drip irrigation systems and pressurized type drip irrigation systems are respectively built.

Step 2: planning design and construction: the solar intelligent drip irrigation system is adopted, and the water pump is driven by electric energy to achieve the effect of pumping water. Complete set of photovoltaic water lift water supply equipment and facility include: photovoltaic battery pack, cable, main control box, motor-pumped well, submersible pump, main pipeline, intelligent electromagnetic valve,Water supply pipeline, drip irrigation pipeline, remote controller. The depth of the motor-pumped well is within 120m, and the water yield is ensured to be 10-60 m³And h, considering a severe cold area at high altitude, the thickness of the pipe wall is selected to be 0.3mm, and the flow is 1.6L/h. Burying by using a pipelayer, wherein a main pipeline ¢ - ¢ mm + a water supply pipeline ¢ 3235 mm. The main pipelines are all UPVC pipes with the pressure grade of 0.6MPa, and the burial depth is less than 1.5 m. The pressure grade of the water supply pipeline is 0.25MPa. The drip irrigation pipeline adopts a single-wing labyrinth drip irrigation tape with the model of 16 multiplied by 300-2.1L/h, one drip irrigation tape is arranged about every 3 mu, the drip irrigation tapes are meshed, the average distance of the drip irrigation tape laying is 50-60 cm, namely, every 3-4 lines of wheat tapes are one line of drip irrigation tapes, and the average dosage is 740m/666.7m²。

And step 3: land preparation: after the preceding crops are harvested, the manual stubble cleaning or the mechanical stubble cleaning is carried out in time. For large grass residual plots, each 667m²Spraying weeding is carried out by adding 30kg of water into 200 liters of traceable water, and sowing can be carried out after 2 days.

And 4, step 4: applying base fertilizer and soil disinsection:

applying a base fertilizer: each of 667m²30kg of compound fertilizer with the content of 40 percent is applied, if more straws of the previous crops are returned to the field, the amount of the compound fertilizer is 30kg per 667m²5kg of urea is added into the base fertilizer to be mixed with the base fertilizer, so that the condition that the wheat germs are yellow due to lack of ammonia and influence on the growth of the wheat caused by nutrient competition between the straws of the previous crops and the wheat germs in the process of rotting is avoided. During fertilization, the seeds are prevented from directly contacting with chemical fertilizers, so that bud burning or seedling burning is prevented.

B, killing insects in soil: for the land with serious underground pests, 7.5kg/hm of 40 percent sulfur-phosphorus emulsifiable oil can be used²Or 48 percent of cicada slough missible oil 7.5kg/hm²Adding 75kg of water, mixing with 750kg of fine sand soil to prepare toxic soil, and performing shallow ploughing after the ground surface is spread. The herbicide is used for sealing soil by spraying 500 times of 50% acetochlor emulsifiable solution on the ground.

And 5: the planting mode is as follows:

a, seed selection: the wheat variety which is approved (registered) by national or inner Mongolia autonomous region has high quality and high yield and good comprehensive resistance and is suitable for being planted in the ecological region.

B, seed quality: the seed quality is in accordance with the GB/T4404.1 regulation, namely, the seeds are selected to be good seeds with full seeds, the purity is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 98.0 percent, the moisture is less than or equal to 13.0 percent, and the germination percentage is more than or equal to 85.0 percent.

Seed pretreatment: in the first warm-up period, the seeds are exposed in advance to improve the emergence rate and the uniformity. In the whole airing process, some impurities and particles with diseases and pests in the seeds are removed. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the generation rate of seed diseases and insect pests, the mixing work of seeds and medicines is required to be done. The seed dressing of the coating mainly aims at preventing and treating root rot, black spike disease, bush dwarf disease, gibberellic disease, soil insects and lodging resistance. The formula is as follows: 100kg seeds are mixed with 6 percent tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent 30 g-45 g and 100kg seeds are mixed with 30g medicament active ingredient of 12.5 percent diniconazole wettable powder, so as to prevent and control the black panicle disease and the root rot disease of wheat. The pesticide has high pest preventing and controlling effect on mole cricket, wireworm and grub, and is emulsified oil of phoxim in 0.2 wt% of seed.

Step 6: mechanical seeding: the machine can simultaneously complete the comprehensive operations of applying compound fertilizer, shi Baoshui fertilizer preserving agent, laying and burying drip irrigation pipelines, sowing and pressing, and greatly reduces the times of mechanically rolling the land. Seeding requires that the back is straight and uniform, seeding is uniform and depth is consistent, layered seeding and fertilizing are carried out, and the seeding specification of general conditions is as follows:

a seeding rate: within the proper sowing time, the sowing quantity is 22.5-25.0 kg/666.7m²The sowing depth is generally 4-6 cm. The sowing time is from 4 middle ten days to 5 last ten days of the month, the seeds can be sown when the ground temperature of 5cm stably passes 12 ℃, and the row spacing is 18-25 cm.

B Shi Baoshui fertilizer retention agent: the attapulgite powder, the mascot and sesbania powder water retention agents are mainly used, and the proportion of the Shi Baoshui fertilizer retention agent to the compound fertilizer is 1:1 configuration. Each of 667m²The application amount is not less than 50kg, the application depth is 6-8 cm, and the row spacing is 36-50 cm.

C, sufficient seed fertilizer application: the fertilizing amount is moderate, and formula balance fertilizing is advocated. When sowing, each 667m²Shi Linliu diamine 20-25.0 kg, potassium chloride 2-3 kg, urea 2.5kg.

D, compacting after sowing: for the field with the straws returned to the field, the wheat seeds must be pressed after being sowed, so that the phenomenon of drying of the wheat seeds is avoided, and the drought resistance and cold resistance of the wheat can be improved after the pressing.

And 7: seedling stage management:

irrigation A: and (3) irrigating for 3-4 times in the whole growth period, wherein the irrigation is carried out in a seedling stage, a jointing stage, a booting stage and a grouting stage respectively according to weather conditions. Technicians need to check the depth of the root of the wheat and the humidity sensing data condition of soil at any time in the drip irrigation process according to the requirement of the wheat on the irrigation amount in each period and the rainfall in each stage, judge whether the excessive irrigation or the insufficient irrigation exists, and adjust according to the actual condition. Ensuring that the sum of the irrigation quantity and the precipitation quantity can reach 400 mm. The solar intelligent drip irrigation system is remotely controlled manually through a remote controller (or MCU) to realize block-by-block rotation irrigation and adjust the water supply amount.

B, fertilizing: before fertilization, the conductivity of the fertilizer liquid or the fertilizer liquid dripped by a dripper is measured, and the conductivity is between 1.0 and 3.0ms/cm and meets the requirement. If the conductivity is not measured in a condition, the water-soluble fertilizer can be diluted to about 800 times, or 2 kg compound fertilizer can be added into each cubic meter of water. In last ten days of May, 3-4 leaves of wheat are watered with head water, and each 667m of wheat is watered in combination with watering²Urea 15 kg was applied. Timely pouring water for 7 leaves of wheat in the middle and late ten days of May and when the leaves are exposed, and pouring water for every 667m²Urea 5kg was applied. The amount of urea applied can be increased or decreased according to the growth of wheat in the field, and can be increased if Miao Ruose is light. Every 667m from booting stage to filling stage of wheat²The water 30kg was foliar sprayed with monopotassium phosphate 0.1 kg + urea 0.5 kg + selenium enriched yield increasing agent 250 ml. Spraying can be carried out for 1 time after the interval of 7 d-10 d.

And 8: chemical weeding: after the water is poured, chemical weed killing is carried out in time when the wheat field can be operated in the field. Each 667m²The monocotyledon weeds are killed by spraying 30kg with 0.7g of tribenuron-methyl wettable powder and 10 ml as an auxiliary agent.

And step 9: and (3) pest control, wherein pest control mainly comprises large and medium-sized instruments, replacement of fan-shaped efficient spray heads and spray control, and pesticides are required to meet the requirements of GB/T8321.1-9.

And (A) jointing stage: the key point in the jointing stage is to prevent and treat wheat sharp eyespot, wheat red spider and powdery mildew. For fungus diseases such as wheat sharp eyespot and the like, when the disease rate reaches more than 15%, medicaments such as diniconazole, tebuconazole propiconazole, shenqinmycin, bacillus subtilis and the like are used for spraying and controlling by a spraying machine. The liquid medicine is sprayed on the stem base of the wheat plant to ensure the prevention and treatment effect; for wheat red spider, abamectin, pyridaben, emamectin benzoate and other sprays can be selected for prevention and treatment, and once powdery mildew occurs in the middle and later periods of wheat planting, early-onset and re-emergence fields are monitored, and the disease rate can reach more than 20% generally in the jointing stage. Therefore, the single plant needs to be developed for 1 time of treatment, so that the later-stage control pressure can be reduced.

And B, heading stage to flowering stage: the head stage to the flowering stage mainly prevents and treats gibberellic disease, banded sclerotial blight, aphids and midge. Meanwhile, the work of monitoring powdery mildew and rust disease is well done. In the heading and flowering period of wheat, if the number of crops is large in rainy days, scab can spread and erupt, and the prevention and the treatment are difficult. Therefore, timely preventive measures must be provided, and an active preventive strategy is adopted to achieve timely prevention and treatment. The medicines for preventing and treating gibberellic disease include imidazole amine, thiram, ethylicin, chlorothalonil, etc. If the number of the sucking insects exceeds 10 ten thousand heads per hm²The field needs to be intensively controlled and immediately controlled when the fasciola gigantica larvae are 3 years old, and the used medicaments comprise emamectin benzoate, abamectin, chlorbenzuron and the like.

C, grouting period: the grouting period is a key period for preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, gibberellic disease, rust disease, aphid and the like. When necessary, the bactericide and the insecticide are applied in a matching way to achieve the purposes of preventing insects, diseases and premature senility. When the pesticide is sprayed, the spraying is not missed, and in order to improve the control effect of the pesticide, the pesticide is recommended to be dispensed at any time and sprayed at any time. The aphid can also be controlled by biological prevention, such as the appropriate amount of aphid flies.

Step 10: harvesting, airing and storing: the wheat is harvested in time by a wheat harvester from the late stage of the wax ripening to the full stage, and single harvesting, single beating and single transportation are realized. Preventing mixing and ensuring purity and quality; selecting a pollution-free cleaning and sorting machine, a solar dryer or a drying room to clean and dry in time, quickly reducing the water content of the grains to below 13%, and warehousing.

The invention has the advantages that: the invention has the application range of northern negative hills and northern foot areas, the northern negative hills and northern negative hills are typical farming and pasturing staggered areas, the elevation height is 150-2400 mm, the northern negative hills and pasturing staggered areas are positioned at 36-50 degrees (N), the annual average temperature is more than or equal to 10 degrees throughout the year, the accumulated temperature is 1800-2000 ℃, the average precipitation is about 350mm, the northern negative hills and pasturing staggered areas are mainly concentrated in 7-9 months, the winter and spring drought, the cold and windy weather and the frost-free period are 80-110 days, the soil is chestnut calcium soil, the soil is barren, the soil is desertified, and the northern negative hills and pastoral liquid are areas with fragile ecological environment. Due to the lack of water resources and insufficient heat resources, crops with shorter growth and drought tolerance are generally planted and cooked in a single cropping mode.

Compared with the existing large water flood irrigation and manual operation cultivation technology, the wheat no-tillage drill seeding drip irrigation mechanized cultivation method has the following remarkable benefits:

TABLE 1 comparison of No-tillage drilling drip irrigation mechanized cultivation mode of northern foot wheat in Yin mountain with the existing flood irrigation and manual operation cultivation technology

From the above table, the cultivation technology is a set of no-tillage drilling and drip irrigation mechanized cultivation technology suitable for hilly and northern foot wheat, and through practical application and popularization of wheat producing areas in Wuchuan county, inner Mongolia, the use of the technology increases the wheat planting benefit, improves the wheat grain quality, and further promotes the development of wheat and related food processing industries.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are only illustrative and not intended to limit the present invention.

A no-tillage drill-seeding drip-irrigation mechanical cultivation method for wheat comprises the steps of earlier-stage plot selection and planning, land preparation, seed selection, seed treatment, pipe laying and sowing, field water and fertilizer regulation and control, pest control, timely harvesting and mechanical operation. The water consumption of the wheat is reduced on the premise of high yield and high efficiency, and the utilization rate of water resources is improved. The method comprises the following steps in sequence:

step 1: selecting land parcels: firstly, selecting land blocks which have relatively flat topography, deep and loose soil layer, medium and high soil fertility, light saline-alkali, smooth land, centralized connection and convenient drip irrigation. It is preferable to select the summer turning land without selecting the low-lying land and the waterlogged land. The former crops are preferably beans, rapes and wheat, and the potatoes and the corns are in the next crop, so that continuous cropping is avoided as much as possible. The soil fertility and previous crop factors need to be considered in selecting land, and the land is suitable for local conditions. And the continuous field with higher topography is cheap for laying drip irrigation pipelines and mechanical operation. The irrigation area of the project area is designed to be 30-100 mu. According to the design and design specifications of drip irrigation engineering under plastic films of fields (DB 65/T3055-2010), the existing water source conditions are fully utilized, and self-pressure type drip irrigation systems and pressurized type drip irrigation systems are respectively built.

Step 2: planning design and construction: the solar intelligent drip irrigation system is adopted, and the water pump is driven by electric energy to achieve the effect of pumping water. At 2000 m²For a basic field as an example, the land is 100m (B) long, 20m (L) wide, and the drip irrigation pipe spacing is 50cm (C), and the whole set of photovoltaic water supply and supply equipment comprises: photovoltaic cell group, cable, main control box, motor-pumped well, immersible pump, outlet pipe, intelligent solenoid valve, water supply pipe, parcel, drip irrigation pipeline, remote controller. The depth of the motor-pumped well is within 120m, and the water yield is ensured to be 10-60 m³The thickness of the drip irrigation pipe wall is 0.3mm, and the flow rate is 1.6L/h. Burying by using a pipelayer, wherein a main pipeline ¢ - ¢ mm + a water supply pipeline ¢ 3235 mm. The main pipelines are all UPVC pipes with the pressure grade of 0.6MPa, and the burial depth is less than 1.5 m. The pressure grade of the water supply pipeline is 0.25MPa. The drip irrigation pipeline adopts a single-wing labyrinth type drip irrigation tape with the model of 16 multiplied by 300-2.1L/h, the average distance for laying the drip irrigation tape is 50-60 cm, namely, every 3-4 lines of wheat tapes are used as a line of drip irrigation tapes, and the average dosage is 740m/666.7m²。

And step 3: land preparation: after the previous crops are harvested, manual stubble cleaning or mechanical stubble cleaning is carried out in time. For large grass residual plots, each 667m²Spraying weeding is carried out by adding 30kg of water into 200 liters of traceable water, and sowing can be carried out after 2 days.

And 4, step 4: applying base fertilizer and killing insects in soil

A, base fertilizer application: each of667 m²30kg of compound fertilizer with the content of 40 percent is applied, if more straws of the previous crops are returned to the field, the amount of the compound fertilizer is 30kg per 667m²5kg of urea is added into the base fertilizer to be mixed with the base fertilizer, so that the condition that the wheat germs are yellow due to lack of ammonia and influence on the growth of the wheat caused by nutrient competition between the straws of the previous crops and the wheat germs in the process of rotting is avoided. During fertilization, the seeds are prevented from directly contacting with chemical fertilizers, so that bud burning or seedling burning is prevented.

B, soil disinfestation: for the land with serious underground pests, 7.5kg/hm of 40 percent sulfur-phosphorus emulsifiable oil can be used²Or 48 percent of cicada slough missible oil 7.5kg/hm²Adding 75kg of water, mixing with 750kg of fine sand soil to prepare toxic soil, and performing shallow ploughing after the ground surface is spread. The herbicide is used for sealing soil by spraying 500 times of 50% acetochlor emulsifiable solution on the ground.

And 5: the planting mode is as follows:

a, seed selection: the wheat variety which is approved (registered) in the national inner Mongolia autonomous region has high quality and high yield and good comprehensive resistance and is suitable for being planted in the ecological region.

B, seed quality: the quality of the seeds meets the requirements of GB/T4404.1, namely, the seeds are selected to be good seeds with full seeds, the purity of the seeds is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the purity of the seeds is more than or equal to 98.0 percent, the moisture of the seeds is less than or equal to 13.0 percent, and the germination rate of the seeds is more than or equal to 85.0 percent.

Seed pretreatment: the seeds are exposed in advance in the first rewarming period to improve the emergence rate and the uniformity. In the whole airing process, some impurities and particles with diseases and pests in the seeds are removed. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the generation rate of seed diseases and insect pests, the mixing work of seeds and medicines is required to be done. The seed dressing of the coating mainly aims at preventing and treating root rot, black spike disease, bush dwarf disease, gibberellic disease, soil insects and lodging resistance. The formula is as follows: 100kg seeds are mixed with 6 percent tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent 30 g-45 g and 100kg seeds are mixed with 30g medicament active ingredient of 12.5 percent diniconazole wettable powder, so as to prevent and control the black panicle disease and the root rot disease of wheat. The pesticide with high pest preventing and controlling effect includes phoxim emulsion in 0.2 wt% of seed.

And 6: mechanical seeding: the machine can simultaneously complete the comprehensive operations of applying compound fertilizer, shi Baoshui fertilizer preserving agent, laying and burying drip irrigation pipelines, sowing and pressing, and greatly reduces the times of mechanically rolling the land. The seeding requires uniform straight back and row, uniform seeding and consistent depth, the seed manure is applied and sowed in layers, and the seeding specification is as follows under general conditions:

a seeding rate: within the proper sowing time, the sowing quantity is 22.5-25.0 kg/666.7m²The sowing depth is generally 4-6 cm. The sowing time is from 4 middle ten days to 5 last ten days of the month, the film can be covered and sown when the ground temperature of 5cm stably passes 12 ℃, and the row spacing is 18-25 cm.

B Shi Baoshui fertilizer retention agent: the attapulgite powder, the mascot and sesbania powder water retention agents are mainly used, and the proportion of the Shi Baoshui fertilizer retention agent to the compound fertilizer is 1:1 configuration. Each of 667m²The application amount is not less than 50kg, the sowing depth is 6-8 cm, and the line spacing is 36-50 cm.

C, sufficient seed fertilizer application: the fertilizing amount is moderate, and formula balance fertilizing is advocated. When sowing, each 667m²Shi Linliu diamine 20-25.0 kg, potassium chloride 2-3 kg, urea 2.5kg.

D, compacting after sowing: for the field where the straws are returned to the field, the wheat seeds must be pressed after being sowed, so that the phenomenon of drying of the wheat seeds is avoided, and the drought resistance and cold resistance of the wheat can be improved after the pressing.

And 7: seedling stage management:

irrigation A: the most important periods for wheat irrigation are mainly the seedling stage, the jointing stage, the booting stage and the filling stage. Technicians need to check the depth of the root of the wheat and the humidity sensing data condition of soil at any time in the drip irrigation process according to the requirement of the wheat on the irrigation amount in each period and the rainfall in each stage, judge whether the excessive irrigation or the insufficient irrigation exists, and adjust according to the actual condition. Ensuring that the sum of the irrigation quantity and the precipitation quantity can reach 400 mm. The solar intelligent drip irrigation system is remotely controlled manually through a remote controller (or MCU), block-by-block diurnal rotation irrigation is carried out, and the water supply amount is adjusted.

B, fertilizing: before fertilization, the conductivity of the fertilizer liquid or the fertilizer liquid dripped from a dripper is measured, and the conductivity is between 1.0 and 3.0 ms/cm. If the conductivity is not measured conditionally, the conductivity can be measuredSo as to dilute the water-soluble fertilizer to about 800 times, or add the compound fertilizer of 2 kg into each cubic meter of water. In last ten days of May, 3-4 leaves of wheat are watered with head water, and each 667m of wheat is watered in combination with watering²Urea 15 kg was applied. Timely pouring water when 7 leaves of the wheat are exposed in the middle and last ten days of May, and pouring water for each 667m²Urea 5kg was applied. The amount of urea applied can be increased or decreased according to the growth of wheat in the field, and can be increased if Miao Ruose is light. Every 667m from booting stage to filling stage of wheat²The water 30kg was foliar sprayed with monopotassium phosphate 0.1 kg + urea 0.5 kg + selenium enriched yield increasing agent 250 ml. Spraying can be carried out for 1 time after the interval of 7 d-10 d.

And 8: chemical weeding: after the water is poured, chemical weed killing is carried out in time when the wheat field can be operated in the field. Each 667m²The monocotyledon weeds are killed by spraying 30kg with 0.7g of tribenuron-methyl wettable powder and 10 ml as an auxiliary agent.

Step 9, pest control:

and (A) jointing stage: in the jointing stage, wheat sharp eyespot, wheat red spider and powdery mildew are mainly prevented and controlled, and when the disease rate of fungal diseases such as wheat sharp eyespot and the like reaches more than 15 percent, agents such as diniconazole, tebuconazole propiconazole, shenqinmycin, bacillus subtilis and the like are used for spray prevention and control by a spraying machine; the liquid medicine is sprayed on the stem base of the wheat plant to ensure the prevention and treatment effect; for wheat red spider, abamectin, pyridaben, emamectin benzoate and other sprays can be selected for prevention and treatment, once powdery mildew occurs in the middle and later periods of wheat planting, early-onset and re-emergence fields are monitored, the disease rate can reach more than 20% in the jointing stage generally, and therefore 1-time selection and treatment needs to be carried out on a single plant.

And B, heading stage to flowering stage: the method mainly comprises the following steps of mainly preventing and controlling gibberellic disease, banded sclerotial blight, aphids and sucking worms in the stage from heading to flowering, and simultaneously, monitoring powdery mildew and rust disease; in the ear-sprouting period of wheat, if more wheat is used in rainy days, scab can spread and erupt, and the prevention is difficult; therefore, timely preventive measures are required to be provided, and an active preventive strategy is adopted to achieve timely prevention and treatment; the medicines for preventing and treating gibberellic disease include imidazole amine, thiram, ethylicin, chlorothalonil and the like which can be compounded; if the number of the sucking insects exceeds 10 ten thousand heads/hm²The field needs to be intensively controlled and immediately controlled when the fasciola gigantica larvae are 3 years old, and the used medicaments comprise emamectin benzoate, abamectin, chlorbenzuron and the like.

C, grouting period: the grouting period is a key period for preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, gibberellic disease, rust disease and aphid; if necessary, the bactericide and the insecticide are applied in a matching way; when the pesticide is sprayed, the pesticide is not leaked to spray, and is sprayed at any time when being dispensed, so that aphids can be controlled through biology, and aphid flies are suitable to be eaten.

Step 10: mechanical harvesting and airing storage: the wheat is harvested in time by a wheat harvester from the late stage of the wax ripening to the full stage, and single harvesting, single beating and single transportation are realized. Preventing mixing and ensuring purity and quality; selecting a pollution-free cleaning and sorting machine, a solar dryer or a drying room for cleaning and drying in time to quickly reduce the water content of the grains to below 13 percent, and warehousing.

TABLE 2 comparison of high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation with the present invention and conventional cultivation by flood irrigation and manual operation

Note: the data from the city of city, shang Sheng, west, county, wuchuan autonomous region of inner Mongolia (2021 year)

The results of the above table show that: compared with the existing flood irrigation and manual operation cultivation technology, the cultivation method has the effect of remarkably improving the yield in the northern foot area of the shadow mountains.

Claims (1)

1. A no-tillage drilling drip irrigation mechanized cultivation method for wheat comprises the steps of earlier stage plot selection and planning, land preparation, seed selection, seed treatment, pipe laying sowing, field water and fertilizer regulation and control, pest control, timely harvesting, no-tillage, pipe laying sowing, drip irrigation and water and fertilizer integrated management, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1, land selection: firstly, selecting land blocks which are relatively flat in terrain, deep in soil layer, loose, medium in soil fertility, light in saline-alkali, smooth in land, centralized and connected in slices and convenient for drip irrigation, preferably selecting summer ploughing land blocks without selecting low-lying land and waterlogging land blocks, wherein previous crops preferably beans, rapes and wheat, potatoes and corns are preferably stubble, the irrigation area of a design project area is preferably 30-100 mu, the existing water source conditions are fully utilized, and self-pressing type drip irrigation systems and pressurizing type drip irrigation systems are respectively constructed;

step 2, pumping water: the complete set of photovoltaic water-lifting and water-supplying equipment and facilities comprises a photovoltaic battery pack, a cable, a main control box, a motor-pumped well, a submersible pump, a water outlet pipe, an intelligent electromagnetic valve, a water supply pipeline, a land parcel, a drip irrigation pipeline and a remote controller, wherein the depth of the motor-pumped well is within 120m, and the water yield is ensured to be 10-60 m³The method comprises the steps of/h, selecting the thickness of a pipe wall to be 0.3mm, burying the pipe at a flow rate of 1.6L/h by using a pipe laying machine, burying a main pipe ¢ - ¢ + a water supply pipe ¢ - ¢, adopting UPVC pipes with a pressure grade of 0.6MPa for the main pipe, burying the pipe at a depth of less than 1.5m, adopting a water supply pipe with a pressure grade of 0.63MPa and adopting a single-wing labyrinth type drip irrigation tape with a pressure grade of 0.25MPa for each 3 mu, meshing the drip irrigation pipes, paving the drip irrigation pipes at an average interval of 50-60 cm, namely, adopting wheat tapes in each 3-4 rows to form a row of drip irrigation tape, and using the average amount of 740m/666.7m²；

Step 3, soil preparation: the stubble cleaning is carried out in time after the previous crops are harvested; for large grass residual plots, each 667m²Spraying and weeding with 200 liters of traceless water mixed with 30kg of water, and sowing after 2 days;

step 4, base fertilizer application and soil disinsection:

a, base fertilizer application: each of 667m²30kg of compound fertilizer with the content of 40 percent is applied, if more straws of the previous crops are returned to the field, the amount of the compound fertilizer is 30kg per 667m²5kg of urea is added into the base fertilizer to be mixed with the base fertilizer, and the direct contact between the seeds and the chemical fertilizer is avoided during fertilization;

b, killing insects in soil: for the land with serious underground pests, 7.5kg/hm of 40 percent sulfur-phosphorus emulsifiable oil can be used²Or 48 percent of cicada slough emulsifiable concentrate 7.5kg/hm²Adding 75kg of water, mixing with 750kg of fine sand soil to prepare toxic soil, and then watering after the ground surface is spread; the herbicide is applied to the plots with serious weed damage by spraying 500 times of 50% acetochlor emulsifiable solution on the ground;

step 5, planting mode: seed selection: selecting good seeds with plump seeds, the purity of which is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the purity of which is more than or equal to 98.0 percent, the moisture of which is less than or equal to 13.0 percent and the germination rate of which is more than or equal to 85.0 percent;

seed pretreatment: in the first rewarming period, seeds are dried in the sun in advance, in the whole drying process, impurities and particles with diseases and pests in the seeds are removed, meanwhile, the seeds and the medicines are mixed, and the formula is adopted: 100kg seeds are mixed with 6 percent tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent 30 g-45 g, 100kg seeds are mixed with 30g medicament active ingredients of 12.5 percent diniconazole wettable powder, the black wheat panicle disease and root rot are prevented, the pest control medicament is phoxim missible oil, and the seed coating is mixed according to 0.2 percent of the weight of the seeds;

step 6, mechanical seeding:

a, sowing quantity: within the proper sowing time, the sowing quantity is 22.5-25.0 kg/666.7m²The sowing depth is 4-6 cm, the sowing period is from the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, the sowing can be carried out when the ground temperature is stabilized at 12 ℃ at 5cm, and the row spacing is 18-25 cm;

b Shi Baoshui fertilizer retention agent: the attapulgite powder, the mascot and sesbania powder water retention agents are mainly used, and the proportion of the Shi Baoshui fertilizer retention agent to the compound fertilizer is 1:1 configuration, each 667m²The application amount is not less than 50kg, the application and sowing depth is 6-8 cm, and the line spacing is 36-50 cm;

c, sufficient seed fertilizer application: the fertilizing amount is moderate, and formula balance fertilization is advocated; when sowing, every 667m²Shi Linliu diamine 20-25.0 kg, potassium chloride 2-3 kg, urea 2.5kg;

d, compacting after sowing: for the field where the straws are returned to the field, the straws must be compacted after wheat sowing;

step 7, seedling management:

irrigation A: the most important periods for irrigating the wheat are mainly seedling period, jointing period, booting period and filling period; according to the requirement of the wheat on irrigation quantity in each period and the rainfall in each stage, the depth of the wheat root and the humidity sensing data condition of soil are checked at any time in the drip irrigation process, whether excessive irrigation or insufficient irrigation exists or not is judged, and adjustment is carried out according to the actual condition; ensuring that the sum of the irrigation quantity and the precipitation quantity can reach 400 mm; the solar intelligent drip irrigation system is remotely controlled manually through a remote controller, block-by-block rotation irrigation is carried out, and the water supply amount is adjusted;

b, fertilizing: before fertilization, the conductivity of the fertilizer liquid or the fertilizer liquid dripped by a dripper is measured, the conductivity is between 1.0 and 3.0ms/cm, if the conductivity is not measured under the condition, the water-soluble fertilizer can be diluted to about 800 times, or 2 kg compound fertilizer is added into per cubic meter of water; in last ten days of May, 3-4 leaves of wheat are watered with head water, and each 667m of wheat is watered in combination with watering²Dressing urea 15 kg; timely pouring water when 7 leaves of the wheat are exposed in the middle and last ten days of May, and pouring water for each 667m²Dressing urea 5kg; the urea additional application amount is increased or decreased according to the growth vigor of the wheat field, and can be properly increased if Miao Ruose is light; every 667m during booting period to filling period of wheat²The monopotassium phosphate 0.1 kg + urea 0.5 kg + selenium-enriched yield increasing agent 250 ml is used for carrying out foliage spraying on water 30kg, and the foliage spraying can be carried out for 1 time after the interval of 7-10 days;

step 8, chemical weeding: when the wheat field can be used for field operation after watering the head, chemical weed killing is carried out in time, and every 667m²The monocotyledon weeds are killed by spraying 30kg with 0.7g of tribenuron-methyl wettable powder and 10 ml as an auxiliary agent; the weeding and fertilizing machine is used for fertilizing and weeding;

step 9, pest control:

and (A) jointing stage: in the jointing stage, wheat sharp eyespot, wheat red spider and powdery mildew are mainly prevented and controlled, and when the disease rate of fungal diseases such as wheat sharp eyespot and the like reaches more than 15 percent, agents such as diniconazole, tebuconazole propiconazole, shenqinmycin, bacillus subtilis and the like are used for spray prevention and control by a spraying machine; the liquid medicine is sprayed on the stem base of the wheat plant to ensure the prevention and treatment effect; for wheat red spiders, abamectin, pyridaben, emamectin benzoate and the like can be selected for prevention and treatment, once powdery mildew occurs in the middle and later periods of wheat planting, early-onset and re-onset fields are monitored, the disease rate generally reaches over 20% in the jointing stage, and therefore, 1-time selection treatment needs to be carried out on a single plant;

and B, heading stage to flowering stage: the method mainly comprises the following steps of mainly preventing and controlling gibberellic disease, banded sclerotial blight, aphids and sucking worms in the stage from heading to flowering, and simultaneously, monitoring powdery mildew and rust disease; in the ear-sprouting period of wheat, if the wheat is in rainy days, the wheat will cause gibberellic disease tendrilled vineOutbreak is delayed, and the prevention and the treatment are difficult; therefore, timely preventive measures are required to be provided, and an active preventive strategy is adopted to achieve timely prevention and treatment; the medicines for preventing and treating gibberellic disease include imidazole amine, thiram, ethylicin, chlorothalonil and the like which can be compounded; if the number of the sucking insects exceeds 10 ten thousand heads per hm²The field needs to be intensively prevented and treated, and the control is carried out immediately when the 3 rd instar of the fasciola gigantica larvae, and the used medicaments comprise emamectin benzoate, abamectin, chlorbenzuron and the like;

c, grouting period: the grouting period is a key period for preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, gibberellic disease, rust disease and aphid; if necessary, the bactericide and the insecticide are applied in a matching way; when the pesticide is sprayed, the pesticide is not leaked to spray, and is sprayed at any time when being dispensed, so that aphids can be controlled through biology, and aphid flies are suitable to be eaten.