CN102067774B - Method for cultivating soybeans and maize by utilizing spatiotemporal dislocation - Google Patents
Method for cultivating soybeans and maize by utilizing spatiotemporal dislocation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102067774B CN102067774B CN2010101060463A CN201010106046A CN102067774B CN 102067774 B CN102067774 B CN 102067774B CN 2010101060463 A CN2010101060463 A CN 2010101060463A CN 201010106046 A CN201010106046 A CN 201010106046A CN 102067774 B CN102067774 B CN 102067774B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating soybeans and maize in the southern area by utilizing spatiotemporal dislocation on resources. The method comprises the following steps that: the maize selects compact type and middle short stalk early-middle maturity spring maize variety, and the soybeans select shade-tolerant lodging-resistant middle late maturity summer soybean variety; the maize is early sown at proper time, the soybeans are sown in time before or after rain of middle-late growing stage (May 25 to June 15) of the maize; the soybeans and the maize are planted by adopting wide-narrow rows, wherein the wide rows of the maize are 1.55m, while the narrow rows of the maize are 0.45m; when the soybeans are sown, 2 rows of soybeans are sown between the wide rows of the maize, and the distance between soybean rows is 0.45m, and the distance between the maize row and the soybean row is 0.55m; 2 plants of the maize are planted in each hole in two rows alternately, while 3 plants of the soybeans are dibbled in each hole in two rows alternately; nitrogenous fertilizer is applied to the soybeans according to the growing trend of field plants; and prevention and control to maize insects during symbiotic growing period of the maize and the soybeans are improved. The method sufficiently utilizes the advantage of niche complementarity of space and time of the soybeans and the maize in southern area on light, heat, water and earth resources to achieve the aims of improving the land utilization efficiency, improving peasant income, and realizing resource sustainable utilization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the arviculture technical field, be specifically related to a kind of southern soybean and the corn space-time dislocation cultivation method on resource.
Background technology
Soybean is the important crop that integrates grain, warp, raises and process raw material.China is the country of origin of soybean; Before the 1950's, once be that soybean produces first big country and exported country in the world, but because low, the poor quality of yield per unit area; Comparative effectiveness is on the low side; Area under cultivation is dwindled year by year, has lost the leading position that world soybean is produced at present, is surmounted by the U.S., Brazil, Argentina.China soybean produces needs contradiction very outstanding, and from beginning imported soybean in 1996, import volume broke through 1,000 ten thousand tons first in 2000; Become maximum in the world importer; After this several years, import volume was soaring continuously, and the month to date import volume just reached 3,777 ten thousand tons in 2009 1～11.Therefore greatly develop soybean and produce, revitalizing the soybean industry is the instant task of China.But receive dominant crop and the external influences of imported soybeans in a large number such as the powerful corn of domestic growth momentum, paddy rice, China northeast, soybean main producing region, the Yellow River and Huai He River sea cultivated area constantly descend, and the soybean industry has run into unprecedented development crisis.This requires soybean in China when improving main producing region output, also must be shifted by north orientation south, widens cultivated area, increases the soybean gross yield from face.There is the tradition of planting soybean in China south, but traditional soybean planting mainly adopts and the corn miscegenation between plant the almost same period sowing of soybean and corn; Gather in the crops the same period; The symbiosis time is long, and covered by corn influences greatly, can not get sufficient photo-thermal resource; Cause output and benefit low, peasant's plantation enthusiasm is not high.
Corn is the main cereal crops of China's southern dry land, and cultivated area is big, and only Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan and southern 7 provinces (city, district) maize sown areas such as wide two just reach 7,000 ten thousand mu.Behind the harvest corn, sunshine is sufficient, and rainfall is abundant, and the time of daily mean temperature >=15 ℃ can continue until late October, has 2～3 months good climatic resources can supply to utilize.Therefore, how when guaranteeing corn with high yield, the idle climatic resources and the land resources that make full use of in the corn growth stage after in the ranks the photo-thermal resource and results are the keys of current southern dry land agricultural sustainable development.The present invention utilizes the complementarity principle of corn and two kinds of crop spatial niches of soybean and Time Niche; Realize the complementary utilization of soybean, the corn space-time on resource; To promote southern soybean planting scale and plantation level; Improve productivity effect, increase farmers' income, realize the sustainable development of Sustainable utilization of resources and agricultural.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention: be to provide a kind of southern soybean, the dislocation of corn space-time to utilize cultivation method, solve insufficient, the benefit low two big key issues of the utilization of resources in current China southern corn, the soybean production process.Good effect of the present invention: be effectively to promote China's south soybean unit yield and planting scale, improve land utilization efficiency, reduce production costs, increase farmers' income.
The present invention is a new-type scientic planting technology; It has changed the method for traditional maize planting, soybean; Utilize spatial niche and the Time Niche complementarity principle of two kinds of crops of soybean and corn on photo-thermal water and land resources,, realized that the space-time complementation on photo-thermal liquid manure resource of southern soybean, corn utilizes through complete field management technology such as crop date of seeding dislocation, plant type and the dislocation of ripe phase and field plant configuration dislocation; Increase the yield per unit area, increase economic benefit.Concrete principle of the present invention: the first, Time Niche is complementary.Because corn and soybean are adopted intermission seeding; Effectively avoid the maximum phase of photo-thermal liquid manure demand of two kinds of symbiosis crops and lacked sensitive periods; Make the resource contention between interior crop of symbiosis phase become the resource complementation utilization, soybean has also made full use of 2～3 resources such as moonlight hot water soil of free time behind the harvest corn simultaneously.The second, spatial niche is complementary.Since adopt high stalk, consumption nitrogen, early in cooked maize kind and of short stem, fixed nitrogen, in slow ripe soybean varieties collocation plant; And plant through field strain, line misregistration; In same plot, realized the utilization of different spaces level photo-thermal resource; And the utilization of different shape nutritive element in different depth soil nutrient and the nutrient, reach the purpose that makes full use of space resources.
Technical scheme of the present invention mainly comprises following step:
1, crop plant type and ripe phase dislocation
On the basis of the effect of increasing production of furtheing investigate corn, the different plant types of soybean and different maturation period kind and solar thermal utilization mechanism, filtered out the kind of suitable corn, the complementary growth of soybean.Corn selects that plant type is compact for use, the blade convergence, in ripe spring corn kind in morning of short bar (about 2.3 meters of plant heights).Soybean select for use anti-shade, resistant to lodging in ripe local peculiar summer soybean varieties late.
2, date of seeding dislocation
To the corn that filters out, soybean collocation kind, implement intermission seeding.Corn is according to the in good time early sowing of each ecotope climate characteristic, and knob early and middle ten days in March is sowed, the sowing of mountain area mid or late March.Soybean is in the sowing of the middle and later periods of corn growth, and each growing area is according to weather forecast sowing in time before rain or behind the rain, and the sowing time is 25～June 15 May.
3, field plant configuration dislocation
Soybean, corn adopt wide-narrow row planting.1.55 meters of the loose row of corn, 0.45 meter of narrow row; When broadcasting soybean, plant 2 row soybean in the loose row of corn, 0.45 meter of soybean line space, 0.55 meter of corn and soybean line space.
Soybean and maize planting density is according to each ecotope light and heat condition and soil fertility rational close planted, every mu 3000 strain of corn～3200 strains, and the cave is apart from 42 centimetres～44 centimetres; Adopt program request or fertile group method for culturing and transplanting seedlings, implement wrong bunch planting kind or directional transplant, treat seedling during 3 leaves, back every cave final singling 2 strains of filling the gaps with seedlings.(ditch mortise ground) every mu 6000 strain～7500 strains below two soil of soybean, the cave is apart from 27 centimetres～33 centimetres; Every mu 6900 strain～8400 strains more than two soil reach, the cave is apart from 24 centimetres～29 centimetres; Adopt the program request of wrong cave, 5～6 seeds are lost in every cave, finish the bonnet fine earth, and 2 leaves～3 leaf phases are in time filled the gaps with seedlings, thinning, every cave final singling 3 strains.
Among the present invention; Behind corn and soybean planting, to carry out meticulous field management, comprise links such as fertilising, weeding, thinning are filled the gaps with seedlings, diseases and pests controlling, but want emphasis to note following link in the field management to soybean: during (1) fertilising by its traditional cultivation method; Will be according to each ecotope soil fertility and field growing way; Foot applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and drinks spraying fertilizer, and promptly base fertilizer mu is executed 35 kilograms of superphosphate, 4 kilograms in potassium chloride; Topdress and receive backsight field growing way mu in corn and execute 5 kilograms～8 kilograms urea, 3 kilograms～4 kilograms in urea can be spread fertilizer over the fields at mu behind the flowering stage rain in indivedual relatively poor plot of growing way.Seed manure separates during sowing, and fertilizer imposes on the both sides of leaning on corn in the cave.(2) during diseases and pests controlling, note control, to reduce influence to the symbiosis soybean to corn insect during corn, the soybean symbiosis; Soybean is noted root rot, virus disease, the black latent fly of beans bar and aphid are monitored and prevent and treat the time of infertility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 utilizes ideograph for the spatial offset of soybean of the present invention and corn.
Fig. 2 is the date of seeding dislocation figure of soybean of the present invention and corn.
Embodiment
Below come the present invention is further explained that it should be noted that following enforcement only with illustrating, content of the present invention is not limited thereto as embodiment through the test of carrying out in Sichuan.
Soybean, corn wide-narrow row planting, 0.45 meter of corn narrow row line-spacing, 1.55 meters of wide row; Interior kind 2 row soybean; 0.45 meter of line-spacing, soybean varieties are that late-maturing type tribute is selected No. one, and planting density is 7500 strain/mus; Sowing on June 5, corn variety select for use compact to become list to help high yield of soybean and corn for No. 14, increase production in two seasons of soybean.
Soybean under different corn plant types of table 1 and width are capable and corn yield (kilogram/mu)
Soybean and maize planting specification are wide-narrow row planting, 1.55 meters of the loose row of corn, 0.45 meter of narrow row; When broadcasting soybean, plant 2 row soybean in the loose row of corn, 0.45 meter of soybean line space, 0.55 meter of corn and soybean line space.Corn variety is a compact river list 418, and soybean varieties is that late-maturing type tribute is selected No. one, and sowing helps high yield of soybean in early June.
Different soybean varieties of table 2 and the soybean yields under date of seeding (kilogram/mu)
Soybean and maize planting specification are wide-narrow row planting, 1.55 meters of the loose row of corn, 0.45 meter of narrow row; When broadcasting soybean, plant 2 row soybean in the loose row of corn, 0.45 meter of soybean line space, 0.55 meter of corn and soybean line space.Soybean varieties is that late-maturing type tribute is selected No. one, and planting density is 7500 strain/mus, sowing on June 5.Help high yield of soybean and corn, the two season raising the output of soybean under mountain area corn sowing date for early sowing (late March) and the middle low-density.
Soybean under table 3 different corn date of seeding and the density and corn yield (kilogram/mu)
Soybean and maize planting specification are wide-narrow row planting, and corn variety is a compact river list 418, and soybean density is 6000 strain/mus～9000 strain/mus, and plantation 2～3 row soybean help high yield of soybean in the loose row of corn.
Soybean yields (kilogram/mu) in the different soybean density of table 4 and the loose row of corn under the line-spacing of different soybean cave
Claims (1)
1. the dislocation of the space-time of southern soybean and corn utilizes cultivation method; It is characterized in that: two kinds of crops of soybean and corn are through the spatial offset and the time warping technology of science; Be lower than in half the symbiosis phase breeding time separately; Dislocation utilizes photo-thermal water resource and land resources limited in the same area from time and space, improves unit soil week annual production and benefit, realizes Sustainable utilization of resources; It is characterized in that: (1) soybean and the dislocation collocation of corn through different plant types and different maturation period kind; The implementation space dislocation of resources is utilized, and corn selects that plant type is compact for use, ripe spring corn kind in the morning of about 2.3 meters of blade convergences, plant height, soybean select for use anti-shade, resistant to lodging in ripe local peculiar summer soybean varieties late; (2) soybean and corn pass through intermission seeding; Realize the dislocation utilization of time resource; The in good time early sowing of corn, the sowing of knob early and middle ten days in March, the sowing of mountain area mid or late March; Soybean middle and later periods of corn growth according to weather forecast sowing in time before rain or behind the rain, the sowing time is 25～June 15 May; (3) soybean and corn are planted through the width line misregistration, have guaranteed the field ventilation and penetrating light of direction in length and breadth, and further the implementation space dislocation of resources is utilized, 1.55 meters of the loose row of corn, 0.45 meter of narrow row; When broadcasting soybean, plant 2 row soybean in the loose row of corn, 0.45 meter of soybean line space; 0.55 meter of corn and soybean line space, every mu 3000 strain of corn～3200 strains, the cave is apart from 42 centimetres～44 centimetres; Wrong bunch planting kind or directional transplant; Every cave final singling 2 strains, two every mu 6000 strain～7500 strains below the soil of soybean, the cave is apart from 27 centimetres～33 centimetres; Every mu 6900 strain～8400 strains more than two soil reach, the cave is apart from 24 centimetres～29 centimetres; Wrong cave program request, every cave final singling 3 strains.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103262740A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-28 | 四川农业大学 | Planting method for corn-soybean strip intercropping |
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| CN103229656A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-07 | 四川农业大学 | Corn-soybean intercropping planting method |
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| CN105103911A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-02 | 莫玲 | Planting method of soybean and corn interplanting |
| CN106212036A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2016-12-14 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of method of the wild bean breeding progeny with corn intercropping plant |
| CN106879355B (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2020-08-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Planting method for interplanting corn and soybean |
| CN107155460A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-09-15 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | The implantation methods and supporting Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator made between a kind of sesbania and wild soybean |
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| CN111466271A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-07-31 | 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Chenopodium quinoa and soybean interplanting planting method |
| CN111685097B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-07-19 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Intercropping space-time chemical weeding method for corn and soybean sowed in summer |
| CN113229089A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-10 | 榆林学院 | Delta-shaped wide-narrow row hill-drop planting method for alfalfa in loess mountain land |
| CN115039652A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-09-13 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Yield increasing technology for soybean and corn strip composite planting |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN103262740A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-28 | 四川农业大学 | Planting method for corn-soybean strip intercropping |
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