CN104145618A - Method for increasing yield of double cropping rice by turnover and fertilizer saving of Astragalus sinicus L. and straw in rice field - Google Patents
Method for increasing yield of double cropping rice by turnover and fertilizer saving of Astragalus sinicus L. and straw in rice field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer-saving high-yield culture in agricultural production and relates to a method for increasing yield of double cropping rice by turnover and fertilizer saving of Astragalus sinicus L. and straw in a rice field. Specifically, the method includes that during growth of early rice, green Astragalus sinicus L. is overturned and pressed to return to the field so as to replace part of nitrogenous fertilizer, and during growth of late rice, straw of the early rice is returned to the field to replace part of nitrogenous fertilizer, and purposes for nitrogenous fertilizer conservation and high yield are achieved in the integral production cycle of double cropping rice. The method solves the problems that areas of vacant fields in winter are enlarged, the rice field is deteriorated, ecological cost for rice production is increased, and fertilizer utilization rate is seen low and the like in a rice cropping system of southern China. The method is a cultivating technology high in yield, nitrogenous fertilizer saving and lower in N2O emission and provided for increasing yield of the double cropping rice, reducing fertilizer investment and increasing fertilizer utilization rate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural production and save fertile high-yield culture technique field.Be particularly related to a kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch and fertile method that improves double cropping rice output of straw-returning joint of adopting, early rice growing period specifically, adopt the fresh grass of Chinese milk vetch to turn over also field Substitute For Partial nitrogenous fertilizer, late rice growing period, adopt early rice straw-returning Substitute For Partial nitrogenous fertilizer, realize at internal segment nitrogen of whole production cycle of double cropping rice, reduce N
2the target discharge of O high yield, the target of raising output.
Background technology
Along with the raising of intensive agriculture degree, chemical fertilizer amount is used in farmland constantly to be increased, and organic manure application rate reduces rapidly.Use in a large number for a long time chemical fertilizer and cause soil compaction, granular structure variation, fertility declines, the bad change of physicochemical character.At present the reasonable availability of China's stalk resource is low, only has 20%～36% as feed and fertilizer, and burning and discarded stalk are up to 45%～60%.Crops straw burns that phenomenon is serious, and this has not only wasted organic fertilizer resource, also severe contamination environment.As organic fertilizer resource, rice straw accounts for 26.3% of China's crops straw resource, rich Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium and micronutrient.Research shows, straw-returning not only can be alleviated China's soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium contradiction out of proportion, makes up phosphorus potassium fertilizer not enough, to improving nitrogen utilization efficiency, promotes that agricultural sustainable development also has very important significance.
Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) belongs to more year raw herbaceous plant of pulse family Astragalus, can form Symbiotic association, being paddy fields in south china green cover crop in important winter, in the once spread plantation of southern rice workspace, is one of important green manure crop of China.Chinese milk vetch, by various nutrient elements such as the phosphorus in nitrogen in fixed air and soil, potassium, turns over also field after blooming, and stalk decomposes and discharges nutrient, can increase soil fertility, and provide nutrition for paddy growth.Chinese milk vetch, straw-returning to alleviating the contradiction of China's nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio imbalance, improve nitrogen utilization efficiency especially, make up phosphorus potassium fertilizer not enough, reduce N
2o discharge, promotes agricultural sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch and fertile method that improves double cropping rice output of straw-returning joint of adopting, reduce N
2o discharge, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) sow Chinese milk vetch winter, combine the use of land with the nurturing of land
1.1 Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds pre-treatments, presoaking and germinating after basking seeds
Astragali pulse family Astragalus is year raw herbaceous plant more, can form Symbiotic association, is paddy fields in south china green cover crop in important winter, is one of important green manure crop of China; Chinese milk vetch variety adoption kipeming high yield, " fertile No. 3 of the Hunan " that growth potential is strong.Select the fine date, by the seed airing 1-2 days of fertile No. 3 Chinese milk vetchs in Hunan; Hot weather not directly teds seed on concrete floor and basks seeds, and prevents the excess Temperature embryo of burning, and affects germination rate; While basking seeds, to make thinner, duty is turned over, shine, and guarantees that seed is subject to light, is heated evenly; Basked seeds and seed has been carried out selected afterwards, removed foreign material and hypogenetic seed.
1.2 seeds and sowing time are selected
Sowing time is chosen in late rice and gathers in first 10 days, and seed is evenly sprinkling upon in rice field, and while guaranteeing sowing, seed is all scattering into mud face, improves emergence rate; In time harvesting late rice, guarantees that Chinese milk vetch illumination in seedling stage is sufficient, impels that seedling is complete, seedling strong, has improved Seedling Quality; Before surviving the winter, clear up ditch, to guarantee not ponding of field face, the beginning of spring in next year application of phosphoric acid calcium, to reaching " with phosphorus nitrogen pick-up " effect, nitrogen fertilizer application not in the season of growth;
1.3 Chinese milk vetchs turn over period and meticulous whole ground
Chinese milk vetch turns over also field and is arranged in mid-April period, now Chinese milk vetch is in the full-bloom stage the most prosperous, biological yield is the highest of nourishing and growing, in conjunction with ploughing, Chinese milk vetch is ploughed under to soil layer, Chinese milk vetch also field amount is set to 30000kg/ha (T1: substitute 60% urea nitrogen), 22500kg/ha (T2: substitute 45% urea nitrogen), 15000kg/ha (T3: substitute 30% urea nitrogen), four levels of 0kg/ha (CK: all use urea nitrogen).Turn over the degree of depth and rest within the scope of topsoil, require to press tight, compacting, with the closely sealed imporosity of soil.Plough rear in time upper water, keep water layer 20 days, to accelerate the decomposition of Chinese milk vetch.
(2) early rice is grown seedlings and transplants
2.1 double cropping rice kinds are selected: early rice variety adoption three in being ripe hybridization early Xian to combine T two excellent 705, general performance yielding ability, yield stability are better; Varieties In Late Rice selects three to be Fine-quality Late Indica Hybrid Rice combination " Yue You 9113 ";
2.2 paddy rice adopt the plastic floppy disks bowl seeding of growing seedlings, bring out rice shoot and take rice transplantation by hand method, rectangle is the distance between rows and hills (20cm * 30cm) such as not, and this density mode not only can reach higher level of density, line-spacing is large simultaneously, is convenient to ventilation and penetrating light and field operation;
2.3 rice transplanting standard-requireds: Chinese milk vetch turns over rear suitable soaked field and macerates after ripe 20 days, then plow harrow makes rice transplanting after land smoothing; In conjunction with ploughing, use base manure, will sun the earth which has been ploughed up greatly after Tagayasu Den, meticulous whole ground, during rice transplanting, requires cultivation shallow, even, straight, is planting on shallow basis, tries hard to be cultivation even, is conducive to promote whole machine balancing growth, plants and is directly conducive to field management; Transplanting requires field face smooth, and water depth 5-7 centimetre suitably strengthens the ability of taking precautions against drought, and is not subject to drought impact while guaranteeing ear differentiation;
2.4 early rice management, under the consistent background of amount of nitrogen, 70% nitrogenous fertilizer and all phosphorus potash fertilizer is disposable employed as base manure wherein, 30% urea was used as to topdress in the Sheng phase of tillering; Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is 200kg/ha (CO (NH2) 2), and phosphorus K Amounts is respectively 85kg/ha (P2O5) and 100kg/ha (K2O);
After rice transplanting with wild old brand weed killer herbicide weed eradication, 4 pesticide control diseases of growth period duration of rice internal spraying and insect pest; Local waterflooding-dry field-alternation of wetting and drying mode is taked in paddy field moisture management, is specially tillering stage, deep water management in booting stage, and the pustulation period, shallow water in the maturing stage, keeps Dressing Moist Rice Field, gathers in the crops and last week starts draining;
2.5 early rice results: select fine day to gather in the crops after ripe, during harvesting, accomplish that field is anhydrous, in order to avoid paddy is immersed in impact rice matter in water;
(3) early rice straw-returning
After front stubble results, the stalk staying after grain header harvesting is retained in field, stalk skewness after harvester operation require stalk can evenly be filled with field face, if can assist suitable paving even by manpower again, early rice crop-residue incorporation is set to 2000kg/ha, substitutes the urea nitrogen of 15-20%.
(4) late rice is transplanted and management, consistent with early rice field management; Late rice should prevent and treat two generation snout moth's larva, three generations snout moth's larva, banded sclerotial blight, rice warm disease;
(5) late rice results, ripe rear fine day results, during harvesting, accomplish that field is anhydrous, in order to avoid paddy is immersed in impact rice matter in water.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and solve the problems such as the field enlarged areas in winter slack, the paddyfield soil quality decline, the Rice Production Ecological Cost that face as system south China rice increase, utilization rate of fertilizer is on the low side, for raising double cropping rice output, minimizing chemical fertilizer drop into the culture technique that a kind of high yield, province's nitrogen are provided.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch and fertile method that improves double cropping rice output of straw-returning joint of adopting, and below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.According to different Chinese milk vetchs also field amount test with the technical scheme of early rice returning total stalks into fields, its result is as shown in table 1-table 3 below.
Embodiment 1
Chinese milk vetch also field amount is 30000kg/hm
2, late rice season early rice returning total stalks into fields, under equal nitrogen input condition, compare with conventional fertilizer application measure, nitrogenous fertilizer drops into and reduces 38.2%, and early rice grain yield improves 6.64%, formation to late rice grain yield does not make significant difference, and improves the total product 1.09% of double cropping rice seed.Illustrate Chinese milk vetch also field amount be 30000kg/hm
2, late rice season early rice returning total stalks into fields compared with conventional fertilizer application, reach when saving urea and drop into the effect that late rice yield does not significantly reduce and early rice output and double cropping rice gross yield all improve.
Embodiment 2
Chinese milk vetch also field amount is 22500kg/hm
2, late rice season early rice returning total stalks into fields, under equal nitrogen input condition, compare with conventional fertilizer application measure, nitrogenous fertilizer drops into and reduces 32.5%, early rice grain yield improves 9.90%, late rice grain yield improves 7.78%, improves that double cropping rice seed is total produces 5.74%.Illustrate Chinese milk vetch also field amount be 22500kg/hm
2, late rice season early rice returning total stalks into fields compared with the significantly underproduction of conventional fertilizer application, reached when saving urea and drop into, early, late rice season output and the effect that all improves of double cropping rice gross yield.
Embodiment 3
Chinese milk vetch also field amount is 15000kg/hm
2, late rice season early rice returning total stalks into fields, under equal nitrogen input condition, compare with conventional fertilizer application measure, nitrogenous fertilizer drops into and reduces 24.5%, early rice grain yield improves 11.55%, late rice grain yield improves 1.41%, improves that double cropping rice seed is total produces 5.27%.Illustrate Chinese milk vetch also field amount be 15000kg/hm
2, late rice season early rice returning total stalks into fields compared with the significantly underproduction of conventional fertilizer application, reached when saving nitrogenous fertilizer and drop into, early, late rice season output and the effect that all improves of double cropping rice gross yield.
Table 1. test is processed and fertilising scheme
The different Chinese milk vetchs of table 2., the impact of early rice crop-residue incorporation on double cropping rice output
The different Chinese milk vetchs of table 3., early rice crop-residue incorporation are to double cropping rice field N
2the impact of O accumulative total discharge capacity
Claims (3)
1. one kind adopts rice field Chinese milk vetch and the fertile method that improves double cropping rice output of straw-returning joint, it is characterized in that, the method is early rice growing period, adopt the fresh grass of Chinese milk vetch to turn over also field Substitute For Partial nitrogenous fertilizer, late rice growing period, adopt early rice straw-returning Substitute For Partial nitrogenous fertilizer, realize the target at the whole production cycle introspection of double cropping rice nitrogen high yield, comprise the steps:
(1) sow Chinese milk vetch winter, combine the use of land with the nurturing of land
1.1 Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds pre-treatments, presoaking and germinating after basking seeds
Astragali pulse family Astragalus is year raw herbaceous plant more, can form Symbiotic association, is paddy fields in south china green cover crop in important winter, is one of important green manure crop of China; Chinese milk vetch variety adoption kipeming high yield, " fertile No. 3 of the Hunan " that growth potential is strong; Select the fine date, by the seed airing 1-2 days of fertile No. 3 Chinese milk vetchs in Hunan; Hot weather not directly teds seed on concrete floor and basks seeds, and prevents the excess Temperature embryo of burning, and affects germination rate; While basking seeds, to make thinner, duty is turned over, shine, and guarantees that seed is subject to light, is heated evenly; Basked seeds and seed has been carried out selected afterwards, removed foreign material and hypogenetic seed;
1.2 seeds and sowing time are selected
Sowing time is chosen in late rice and gathers in first 10 days, and seed is evenly sprinkling upon in rice field, and while guaranteeing sowing, seed is all scattering into mud face, improves emergence rate; In time harvesting late rice, guarantees that Chinese milk vetch illumination in seedling stage is sufficient, impels that seedling is complete, seedling strong, has improved Seedling Quality; Before surviving the winter, clear up ditch, to guarantee not ponding of field face, the beginning of spring in next year application of phosphoric acid calcium, to reaching " with phosphorus nitrogen pick-up " effect, nitrogen fertilizer application not in the season of growth;
1.3 Chinese milk vetchs turn over period and meticulous whole ground
Chinese milk vetch turns over also field and is arranged in mid-April period, now Chinese milk vetch is in the full-bloom stage the most prosperous, biological yield is the highest of nourishing and growing, in conjunction with ploughing, Chinese milk vetch is ploughed under to soil layer, Chinese milk vetch also field amount is set to four level: T1:30000kg/ha, substitutes 60% urea nitrogen; T2:22500kg/ha, substitutes 45% urea nitrogen; T3:15000kg/ha, substitutes 30% urea nitrogen; CK:0kg/ha, all uses urea nitrogen; Turn over the degree of depth and rest within the scope of topsoil, require to press tight, compacting, with the closely sealed imporosity of soil, plough rear in time upper water, keep water layer 20 days, to accelerate the decomposition of Chinese milk vetch;
(2) early rice is grown seedlings and transplants
2.1 double cropping rice kinds are selected: early rice variety adoption three in being ripe hybridization early Xian to combine T two excellent 705, general performance yielding ability, yield stability are better; Varieties In Late Rice selects three to be Fine-quality Late Indica Hybrid Rice combination " Yue You 9113 ";
2.2 paddy rice adopt the plastic floppy disks bowl seeding of growing seedlings, bring out rice shoot and take rice transplantation by hand method, rectangle distance between rows and hills: the 20cm * 30cm such as not, and this density mode not only can reach higher level of density, line-spacing is large simultaneously, is convenient to ventilation and penetrating light and field operation;
2.3 rice transplanting standard-requireds: Chinese milk vetch turns over rear soaked field and macerates ripe 20 days, then plow harrow makes rice transplanting after land smoothing; In conjunction with ploughing, use base manure, will sun the earth which has been ploughed up greatly after Tagayasu Den, meticulous whole ground, during rice transplanting, requires cultivation shallow, even, straight, is planting on shallow basis, tries hard to be cultivation even, is conducive to promote whole machine balancing growth, plants and is directly conducive to field management; Transplanting requires field face smooth, and water depth 5-7 centimetre suitably strengthens the ability of taking precautions against drought, and is not subject to drought impact while guaranteeing ear differentiation;
2.4 early rice management, under the consistent background of amount of nitrogen, 70% nitrogenous fertilizer and all phosphorus potash fertilizer is disposable employed as base manure wherein, 30% urea was used as to topdress in the Sheng phase of tillering; Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is 200kg/ha (CO (NH
2)
2), phosphorus K Amounts is respectively 85kg/ha (P
2o
5) and potash fertilizer 100kg/ha;
After rice transplanting with wild old brand weed killer herbicide weed eradication, 4 pesticide control diseases of growth period duration of rice internal spraying and insect pest; Local waterflooding-dry field-alternation of wetting and drying mode is taked in paddy field moisture management, is specially tillering stage, deep water management in booting stage, and the pustulation period, shallow water in the maturing stage, keeps Dressing Moist Rice Field, gathers in the crops and last week starts draining;
2.5 early rice results: select fine day to gather in the crops after ripe, during harvesting, accomplish that field is anhydrous, in order to avoid paddy is immersed in impact rice matter in water;
(3) early rice straw-returning
After front stubble results, the stalk staying after grain header harvesting is retained in field, requires stalk can evenly be filled with field face, if stalk skewness after harvester operation, can assist again suitable paving even by manpower, early rice returning total stalks into fields, adds up to 2000kg/ha, substitutes urea nitrogen 15-20%;
(4) late rice is transplanted and management, consistent with early rice field management; Late rice should prevent and treat two generation snout moth's larva, three generations snout moth's larva, banded sclerotial blight, rice warm disease;
(5) late rice results, ripe rear fine day results, during harvesting, accomplish that field is anhydrous, in order to avoid paddy is immersed in impact rice matter in water.
2. adopt according to claim 1 rice field Chinese milk vetch and the fertile method that improves double cropping rice output of straw-returning joint, it is characterized in that, the described Chinese milk vetch amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 37.5kg/ha, and the amplitude that early rice yield increased increases is 6.6%-11.2%.
3. adopt according to claim 1 rice field Chinese milk vetch and the fertile method that improves double cropping rice output of straw-returning joint, it is characterized in that, the stalk that early rice produces is all gone back field, amounting to also field amount is 2000kg/ha, substitute the urea nitrogen of 15-20%, compare with conventional method, except processing T1, other two processing all have the volume increase of different amplitudes than contrast; Double cropping rice is carried out Chinese milk vetch and early rice straw-returning, the urea nitrogen of alternative 24.5%-38.2%, and rice yield increases 1.1%-5.7%, and N2O discharge reduces 44.5%-57.3%.
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