CN109923984A - A kind of tobacco field three-stage green manure original position method of administration - Google Patents
A kind of tobacco field three-stage green manure original position method of administration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to shift of crops technical field of cultivation, disclose a kind of tobacco field three-stage green manure original position method of administration, and selection meets tobacco planting requirement, take into account the planting area that the basic growth of rice, green manure, fresh edible maize requires；Selection meets the crop varieties of technical requirements, and First Year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-Rice-green Manure, and second year successively plants fresh edible maize-rice, successively plants flue-cured tobacco-fresh edible maize third year, and every 3 years are 1 farming period；Green manure Chinese milk vetch is sowed to turn over for first 7~10 days in spring sowing fresh edible maize covers blueness；Fresh edible maize stalk original place returning to the field improves soil to increase fertilizer.The present invention divides three phases to put into a large amount of green manure materials to soil within 1 farming period, effectively solves workability of soil degenerate problem caused by the tobacco-growing soil multiple cropping continuous cropping of Anhui south and organic matter supplement deficiency, has good economic, society and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to shift of crops technical field of cultivation more particularly to a kind of tobacco field three-stage green manure application sides in situ
Method.
Background technique
Green manure refers to all can turn in soil as the green plants complete stool of fertilizer or certain portion of tissue.Green manure returning to the field
Significant culture fertility improves soil physico-chemical property, effectively promotes crop yield and quality.In order to break restrict yield of tobacco and
The bottleneck of quality-improving, a large amount of cigarette district researchs are pointed out to improve using crop rotation, plantation using methods such as green manure, manure uses
Soil can produce remarkable result.For Anhui cigarette rice region using Chinese milk vetch as rice field routine green manure, time of infertility span is in 10 months current years
Mid-April ten days to next year, and the requirement winter ploughing of this cigarette district tobacco planting mode is suned the earth which has been ploughed up (January annual December to next year) and early spring transplanting
Tobacco seedlings (monthly mid-March) cannot achieve the meaning of Chinese milk vetch plantation returning to the field loam under this tillage system reform.Due to generally implementing
Cigarette-rice continuous cropping tillage system reform, causes soil excessively to use, causes a variety of soil-borne diseases, influence each stage crop yield and
The promotion of value.How major issue that green manure as Anhui cigarette district promote quality of tobacco and increasing peasant income is efficiently used.
Different tobacco leaf producing regions propose the green manure utilization technology of suitable this area, and patent CN201710071564.8 is pointed out,
Shandong cigarette district uses green manure to herd 70 or barley for the winter, and the method makes up the effective growth time deficiency of green manure by increasing application rate,
Although Relative biological total amount increases, green manure is big in the interior quality element difference of different stages of growth, may limit
Green manure application effect processed, and then influence soil nutrient winding level.Patent CN201210459188.7 discloses a kind of Hubei Tobacco
The method that green manure was planted and turned in advance to area's soil adopts roasting period for the green manure of kipeming high yield in the middle leaf of August to early September
It interplants in tobacco field, it is to shorten green manure breeding time span that the method, which selects green manure interplanting, and completion breeding time is able to achieve before winter
The soil winter teds upturned soil, but green manure is interplanted in tobacco growth mid-term, occurs to strive fertile phenomenon with flue-cured tobacco, may directly affect upper leaf
There is the problems such as upper leaf hacking deficiency and slow maturity progress in developmental process.Adopt cigarette operation will necessarily trample on it is green in furrow
Fertile seedling directly affects green manure yield.Patent CN201510196591.9 disclose a kind of Hunan Tobacco Region cigarette stubble Green manuring and
It turns over ridging method, 7~October of First Year 2/3 sowing quantity of no-tillage seeding directly in furrow green manure, second year is green
Green manure is directly buried on the body of the ridge fertile early flowering season Shi Yuan and chemical fertilizer forms ridge body transplanting flue-cured tobacco.The method uses green manure direct returning to farmland
A batch flue-cured tobacco is connect, green manure decomposition time is limited, is easy to appear green manure decomposition early period and flue-cured tobacco seedling growth strives the problem of fertilizer, especially
Green manure decomposition makes C/N proportional imbalance, influences the process that tobacco seedlings stretch root also seedling, and later period decomposition object Releasing nutrient causes flue-cured tobacco nutrition
Surplus, cigarette strain is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe not to fall Huang, directly affects tobacco leaf maturing course.These three patented methods are in addition to the limitation of itself, and there are also altogether
Sex expression is the crops for rotation pressure on cropping pattern after cigarette without autumn grain crop, single in the way of green manure, only planting in situ
Green manure crop ignores feasibility of the high-quality crop material as supplement green manure as unique green manure source.
Anhui is as yielding two crops a year cigarette grain producing region, and using green manure, it is still necessary to solve following problems: one, green manure growth time is insufficient.
Middle and lower reach of Yangtze River cigarette district yields two crops a year tillage system reform processed, and after spring flue-cured tobacco harvest home, autumn must cultivate a second crop of rice complete to guarantee
Years two season emblements.Period green manuring after first year late rice harvest and before next year tobacco planting ridging, effectively
Breeding time (per day accumulated temperature is greater than 10 DEG C of growth time) is insufficient, and annual was at 35~40 days.Two, not due to bearing time
The biomass of foot, green manure growth in situ is insufficient.Relative to the green manure yield of complete breeding time, the green manure biomass after rice before cigarette is tight
Weight is insufficient, and the 30% or less of only complete breeding time.The input amount deficiency of green manure directly results in the improvement of soil various aspects character
Effect is unobvious, lavishes labor on and cost input.Third, this season green manure turn over decomposition in cigarette ridge, generally will appear cigarette ridge
The a large amount of consumption problems of nitrogen of middle green manure decomposition, influence the Absorption of Nitrogen of flue-cured Tobacco seedling Phase, cause weak seedling and influence later period cigarette
Leaf-making quantity.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of tobacco field three-stage green manure original position method of administration.Mirror
In the above problem, cigarette district needs in Anhui are started in terms of following two: one, crops for rotation crop specie and order is adjusted by science,
Strive for effective breeding time for the plantation in situ of green manure.Crops for rotation crops, which need to meet, plants and guarantees maturation two seasons, and year always receives
It is horizontal not less than flue-cured tobacco-wet rice cultivation mode in benefit.Two, guarantee that many years steady and continuous of green manure material puts into tobacco field.Due to
Buffering power of soil is stronger, and green manure investment should be ensured that continuity and diversity, and it is convenient, at low cost that green manure material should meet acquisition
Honest and clean feature, such as fresh edible maize stalk that is full of nutrition and being easy to decomposition.
Three-stage green manure proposed by the present invention original position method of administration protrudes meaning and is: effectively improving different farming years
The green manure material input amount of part and stage, the fresh green manure being manured into soil can supplement soil organic substance, it is organic to be conducive to soil
The accumulation of matter, and the mineralising and update of the original organic matter of soil can be promoted.Green manure crops for rotation, benefit are introduced in cigarette rice continuous cropping mode
With green manure nutritional ingredient abundant, soil nutrient level, the especially supplement of Meso- and micro-nutrients are promoted, tobacco leaf product are conducive to
Matter is promoted.Flue-cured tobacco can be greatly decreased because of the disease underproduction caused by continuous cropping obstacle in the adjustment of Crop Planting Structure.What breeding combined ploughs
Operation mode can optimize soil beneficial microbe population structure, improve soil physical and chemical property, improve the workability of soil and suitable cigarette.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of tobacco field three-stage green manure original position method of administration, the tobacco field three-stage green manure
For method of administration in situ in tobacco planting region, First Year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-Rice-green Manure；Second year successively plants fresh food
Corn-rice；Third year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-fresh edible maize；Every 3 years are 1 farming period；It specifically includes:
First Year carries out Chinese milk vetch green manure interplanting in paddy growth latter stage；Second year green manure with high-biomass returning to the field simultaneously
Green-rot solution is covered, as First Year first stage green manure returning to the field；
Second year waits for that Chinese milk vetch green manure rots after a week, and crop field trench digging is at small high ridge, and furrow face plants fresh edible maize, in 7 months
The harvesting of ten days maturation, original place returning to the field after stalk of fresh corn rotary tillage crushes complete second year second stage green manure returning to the field fertilizing soil；
Third year, with fresh edible maize one season of substitution late rice, the two slope surface program requests on former cigarette ridge were eaten raw beautiful after flue-cured tobacco
Rice, corn stover flour returning to the field again after autumn harvest, completes phase III in third year green manure returning to the field.
Further, tobacco field three-stage green manure original position method of administration specifically includes:
In tobacco planting region, the basic growth requirement of rice, green manure, fresh edible maize is taken into account；Growing area landform is low mountain
Hills or fluvial outwash area, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and plough horizon is greater than 20cm；
The suitable crop varieties of selection；
Rotation system are as follows: First Year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-Rice-green Manure, and second year successively plants fresh edible maize-rice,
Third year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-fresh edible maize；Every 3 years are 1 period of crop-rotation；Each crop according to each self-optimizing implantation methods
Successively connect stubble plantation；
After the fresh edible maize maturation picking of spring sowing, stalk part is feeding for animal industry, fishery, remaining appropriate fresh bar
Returning to the field fertilizing soil in situ, high-temperature water start rice transplanting in mid-July after corruption several weeks and cultivate a second crop of rice；
Green manure and 2 years fresh edible maize stalks divide three phases to carry out in the form of fresh material, and rotary tillage is broken, and returning to the field in situ is increased fertilizer
Soil.
Further, in tobacco planting region, soil layer is loose, drainage ventilation is good, soil pH 5.5~6.5.
Further, rice selects precocious Varieties In Late Rice, retains the phase for shortening rice field.
Further, green manure Chinese milk vetch is harvested first 20 days in late rice and is interplanted, and Yu Cinian spring full-bloom stage carries out First Year first
Stage green manure covers blueness in situ.
Further, flue-cured tobacco is substituted as spring stubble crop using late April sowing spring sowing fresh edible maize, fresh straw in situ rotary tillage is also
Field is used as second year second stage green manure；
Late rice is substituted as autumn stubble crop, the fresh straw in situ rotary tillage returning to the field of corn, as third year using autumn sowing fresh edible maize
Phase III green manure.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
In order to overcome the problems, such as that Anhui cigarette district green manure breeding time and returning to the field are less than, the present invention is directed to Anhui cigarette district green manure
Effective breeding time is short, and the realistic problem that green manure material returning to the field is less than is striven by the tillage system reform in 3 years-period for green manure
Effective breeding time is taken, i.e., broadcasts spring fresh edible maize substitution this season flue-cured tobacco in evening next year, so that Chinese milk vetch green manure is obtained sufficient returning to the field raw
Object amount, while a large amount of fresh edible maize straw-returnings, effectively supplement green manure tobacco field input amount twice, avoid cigarette rice multiple cropping continuous cropping mould
Formula causes the burden that soil overruns.The fresh edible maize huge market demand, stalk is widely used, and added value is high, economic benefit
Also it is much higher than the rice output value.3 years two seasons of kind flue-cured tobacco, two season fresh edible maize, two season rice, the present invention can steadily improve tobacco grower's
Income, green manure and fresh straw-returning ensure that the organic matter supplement of tobacco field, and the cropping pattern of rice field-upland field rotation also reduces soil-borne disease
The cropping system of harmful generation, plantation with tending solves the planting system predicament of Anhui cigarette district, guarantees Anhui cigarette district agricultural modernization
Sustainable development.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention also reside in:
The main advantage that the present invention plants fresh edible maize substitution early rice is that growth cycle is short, and breeding time 80 days, be the time
The crops for rotation crop of compact, spring sowing fresh edible maize compare flue-cured tobacco, can be provided for green manure growth additional 40 days or so greater than 20
DEG C effective breeding time, so that it is obtained the biomass of enough full-bloom stages, this tillage method obtains spring sowing fresh edible maize and obtains stalk
Dry weight is up to 610~670kg/667m2(table 1), autumn sowing obtain stalk dry weight up to 710~730kg/667m2。
Fresh edible maize of the invention has higher economic benefit compared with rice, and the patch stubble direct seeding technique of autumn sowing corn is average
Yield is up to 800~830kg/667m2, the fresh fringe average output value of waxy corn can reach 2500 yuan/667m2Left and right is higher than the rice output value,
Guarantee tobacco grower's income and plantation confidence.Anhui is located in Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui boundary, the fresh edible maize huge market demand, added value simultaneously
Height, cold chain transportation, the empty processing of steaming, stalk coarse fodder or greenfeed preparation etc. have compared with good yield, and industry has a high potential,
Therefore plantation fresh edible maize is many-sided benefited grain crops for rotation selection.
The different spring sowing period fresh edible maize economical characters of table 1 compare (2014, Xuancheng)
Fresh edible maize of the present invention is compared to the main advantage of conventional corn: (1) growth cycle is short, a 80 days time of infertility left side
It is right (spring, autumn due to breeding time effective accumulated temperature difference it is variant), spring sowing fresh edible maize broadcasts operation by evening in spring, has both been preceding stubble
Effective breeding time to mid-April is vacateed in green manure growth, and does not influence late rice mid-July breeding time to by the end of November.(2) fresh edible maize
It is situation of selling well food, the huge market demand, added value is high, economic benefits.(3) fresh edible maize stalk water content is high, and nutrition is rich
Richness, fresh weight is high and is easy to returning to the field decomposition.Therefore select fresh edible maize as crops for rotation, conventional corn is without the above advantage.
Chinese milk vetch green manure of the invention and fresh edible maize do not connect a batch flue-cured tobacco, and straw decomposition process does not directly affect roasting
Cigarette growth.Plant before flue-cured tobacco can normal soil measurement formula, Tree Precise Fertilization meets flue-cured tobacco standardized planting.
The present invention plays positive improvement to soil physico-chemical property by implementing 3 years rotation systems, significantly reduces soil appearance
Weight, improves the organic matter and quick-acting potassium content (table 2) of unit mass soil.
Soil physico-chemical property variation (2015, Xuancheng) under 2 rotation system of table
Note: indicate difference up to 5% level of signifiance with lowercase difference after column data
Anhui tobacco field " three-stage " Green manuring application technique improves the vega soil organic matter supplement in entire farming period
Amount and multiple crop index, solve under flue-cured tobacco-late rice multiple cropping continuous cropping mode that soil nutrient excessively consumes, and tobacco field organic matter supplement is insufficient
The problem of, achieve the purpose that soil plantation with tending.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is tobacco field three-stage green manure original position provided in an embodiment of the present invention method of administration flow chart.
Fig. 2 is that fresh edible maize and conventional corn maturity period stalk character provided in an embodiment of the present invention compares figure.
In figure: A: the stalk of fresh edible maize normal picking time is all fresh and alive state；B: the straw of conventional corn normal picking time
Stalk is the dried-up state of dehydration.The stalk of conventional corn is unfavorable for quick decomposition returning to the field.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
It is in situ to utilize: green manuring crop or fresh edible maize in tobacco field, by plant in whole or in part residuum directly in original
Plantation Tanaka's rotary tillage turns over utilization, and this method does not need to be exogenously introduced other organic matters or pollutant, effectively controls external source disease
Evil.
Application principle of the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Tobacco field three-stage green manure original position provided in an embodiment of the present invention method of administration, in the plantation for meeting tobacco planting condition
In region, flue-cured tobacco-Rice-green Manure is successively planted using new rotation system First Year, second year successively plants fresh edible maize-water
Rice, third year successively plant flue-cured tobacco-fresh edible maize.Every 3 years are 1 farming period.
First Year carries out flue-cured tobacco-Rice Production, carries out Chinese milk vetch green manure interplanting in paddy growth latter stage, next year is with big
Biomass returning to the field simultaneously covers green-rot solution, in this, as first stage green manure returning to the field.
Second year waits for that Chinese milk vetch green manure rots after a week, and crop field trench digging is at small high ridge, and furrow face plants fresh edible maize, in 7 months
The harvesting of ten days maturation, original place returning to the field after stalk of fresh corn rotary tillage crushes complete second stage green manure returning to the field fertilizing soil.
Third year after flue-cured tobacco, with fresh edible maize one season of substitution late rice, two slope surface program request corns on former cigarette ridge, the autumn
Corn stover flour returning to the field again after receipts, completes phase III green manure returning to the field.
Entire crop rotation technology is continuous 3 years " three-stage " green manure returning to the field, improves the green manure of entire period of crop-rotation tobacco field also
Field total amount.
As shown in Figure 1, tobacco field three-stage green manure original position provided in an embodiment of the present invention method of administration, comprising:
S101: the planting area based on tobacco planting takes into account the basic growth requirement of rice, green manure, fresh edible maize.Kind
Growing area landform is low mountains and hills or fluvial outwash area, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and soil requires arable layer 20cm or more, and soil layer is loose, drains
Ventilation is good, soil acidity or alkalinity 5.5~6.5.
S102: select suitable crop varieties: flue-cured tobacco cultivars are local main breed cloud and mist 97.Rice varieties are precocious high
The Anhui rice 199 of yield.Fresh edible maize should select the glutinous corn variety Su Yu glutinous 5 for adapting to In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River spring weather conditions
Number.Green manure variety selection standard is to adapt to the overwintering weather conditions in Anhui, and the green manure that fertilizer adaptable, that biomass is big raises dual-purpose is purple
Cloud English kind shoots a retrievable arrow river seed.
S103: rotation system are as follows: First Year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-Rice-green Manure, and second year successively plants fresh edible maize-
Rice, third year successively plant flue-cured tobacco-fresh edible maize.Every 3 years are 1 period of crop-rotation.Each crop according to each self-optimizing plantation
Technology successively connects stubble plantation.
S104: after the fresh edible maize maturation picking of spring sowing, it is feeding that stalk part can be used for animal industry, fishery, remaining
Appropriate fresh straw in situ returning to the field fertilizing soil is cultivated a second crop of rice using rice transplanting is started in mid-July after high-temperature water rotten several weeks；Green manure
Fresh edible maize stalk with 2 years divides three phases progress rotary tillage broken with fresh material state, returning to the field fertilizing soil in situ.
Precocious Varieties In Late Rice combination seedling transplantation technique is selected, shortens rice field and retains the phase.
Green manure Chinese milk vetch is harvested first 20 days in late rice and is interplanted, and it is in situ that Yu Cinian spring " full-bloom stage " carries out first stage green manure
Cover blueness.
Using late April sowing spring sowing fresh edible maize substitution flue-cured tobacco as spring stubble crop, fresh straw in situ rotary tillage returning to the field, as
Second stage green manure uses.
Late rice is substituted as autumn stubble crop, the fresh straw in situ rotary tillage returning to the field of corn, as third rank using autumn sowing fresh edible maize
Duan Lvfei is used.
Application principle of the invention is further described combined with specific embodiments below.
1. selection meets the planting area of each plant growth conditions of crop rotation, growing area selection will adapt to flue-cured tobacco, green manure, fresh food
The basic growth requirement of several crops of corn, rice.Selection ecological condition is good, diversion irrigation and drainage are convenient, communications and transportation is convenient, remote
It is (general to require at a distance of 10km or more), far from the pollution sources (pollution-free source at least 5km of periphery) such as soot and friendship from city
Logical backbone especially pays attention to avoiding conventional corn growing area, in case conventional corn pollen influences fresh edible maize quality.
2. the suitable crop varieties of selection: flue-cured tobacco cultivars are selected as the kind cloud and mist of good stress resistance, anti-balck shank, bacterial wilt
97.Autumn rice varieties are the kind Anhui rice 199 of high yield high-quality.Fresh edible maize, which is selected, adapts to In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River weather item
The glutinous corn variety Suyunuo No.5 of part.Green manure variety selection tradition green manure Chinese milk vetch kind shoots a retrievable arrow river seed.
3. crop rotation First Year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-Rice-green Manure:
3.1 spring tobacco plantings:
It is carried out in strict accordance with " the burnt fragrant and sweet cured tobacco production technical regulation in Anhui ", with reference to Anhui Native standard DB34/
T2583-2016.Annual late December starts the sowing of flue-cured tobacco, need to through nursery, fertilising, site preparation ridging, transplanting, field management, adopt
Receive the links such as baking and keeping.
Crops for rotation Single Late Rice is planted after 3.2 cigarettes:
3.2.1 late rice is planted.To avoid flue-cured tobacco and rice from striving ground when striving, the Anhui crop ped location Yan Dao is at flue-cured tobacco field growing end
Phase carries out late rice seedling in seedling Tanaka, and usually length of time rice seedlings grow control was at 20~25 days or so.After tobacco leaf picking, diversion
Flood irrigation tobacco field is turned over immediately after being impregnated with, in due course transplanting seedlings.
3.2.2 fertilizer management.Tillering stage dressing (urea is applied as late rice base fertilizer, in breeding time using the remaining fertilizer in cigarette ridge
12.5kg/667m2, potassium chloride 7.5kg/667m2), apply booting fertilizer (urea 10kg/667m2, potassium chloride 10kg/667m2).Connect stubble
Rice productive tiller stage is shorter, it is necessary to tiller be promoted early to send out.5~7 days or so application tillering fertilizers, strive for 15 days left sides after cultivation after cultivation
Right neat seedling.
3.2.3 water management.According to rice different growth period, using shallow water rice transplanting, water nourishing the fetus guarantees paddy growth
The moisture of phase avoids rice premature, and the later period keeps alternation of wetting and drying up to the maturation of rice.
3.2.4 disease pest and weed is prevented and treated.(1) prevention and treatment planthopper should select chlopyrifos and pymetrozine, Nitenpyram, Diacloden mixed
It closes and uses.The prevention and treatment snout moth's larva of rice, rice leaf roller should select 10% AVM hereinafter flutolanil, 40% chlorine worm Diacloden, 20% chlorine
Worm benzamide etc..(2) prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight and false smut select hexaconazole, well ridge hexaconazole, 20% benzene first propiconazole,
75% oxime bacterium Tebuconazole, 24% thifluzamide, 32.5% benzene first Fluoxastrobin etc..40% Isoprothiolane of prevention and treatment rice blast selection,
2% kasugarnycin, 75% tricyclazole etc..(3) weeds in paddy field is prevented and treated: to avoid herbicide residue from influencing tobacco growth, Ying Xuanyong
Residual life, is short, is free of dichloro quinolinic acid herbicide as main component.The drug dose of each purposes must not exceeded proposed standard out.
3.3 winter kind green manure Chinese milk vetch plant utilizations:
3.3.1 Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds are handled.Processing routine includes basking seeds, wiping kind, salt washing kind, seed soaking etc..Prior to seeding 1~
Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds were exposed to the sun half a day in the sun in 2 days, to improve the vigor of seed.Seed and fine sand are mixed according to 2: 1 ratio
Rubbing to seed coat surface wax coat wipes clean cement after even.The field of first plantation Chinese milk vetch needs Rhizobium Inoculation, first
It is that nitragin is made into aqueous solution, can be adsorbed on seed.Bacterium is connect again after being dried with the dipped seed of warm water.Purple cloud
The every 667m of English2Sowing quantity need 200~300g Rhizobium Inoculant.
3.3.2 Chinese milk vetch is sowed.In rice milking stage or spike of rice eave tile, the dosage that scatters seeds is 3~4kg/667m2, kind
Planting new district sowing quantity should be higher than that plantation old area.General Chinese milk vetch and late rice symbiosis phase were at 20~25 days.Rice stubble reservation height 15~
20cm, be conducive to Chinese milk vetch soil moisture conservation and it is overwintering.It should keep field face wet when sowing or have the thin water layer of 1~2cm.Heavy soil exists
Appropriate dry field is after planting answered, it is soft without rotten to reach soil.
3.3.3 Chinese milk vetch field management.(1) it applies fertilizers scientifically.Chinese milk vetch application calcium superphosphate in Anhui makees phosphate fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer uses
Measure calcium superphosphate 20kg/667m2.1~1.5kg/667m of urea is applied in the Chinese milk vetch rough leaf phase2Promote the formation of root nodule
It is grown with Chinese milk vetch.With 2.5~5kg/667m of urea when mid-February starts vigorous growth to early March Chinese milk vetch2.It can be with
A small amount of potash fertilizer (3~5kg/667m is used when occurring mid-November and Chinese milk vetch the-piece true leaf or when cutting rice2).On December
The middle ten days, every 667m2400~500kg of farmyard manure is applied, 25~30kg of calcium superphosphate is added, to enhance cold tolerance, mitigates freeze injury.(2)
Grass is covered to keep a full stand of seedings.After rice harves, carries out the measures such as rice straw mulching, drought resisting, prevention against water-logging, antifreeze and keep a full stand of seedings.The field of irrigation conditions difference,
Cut take advantage of after rice field soil it is wet when spread down-thin layer rice straw (thin to can light transmission) covers seedling.There is aubergine weak seedling in Chinese milk vetch, answers
It pours water rapidly, and imposes phosphate fertilizer.(3) drought resisting prevention against water-logging.Draining is filled in time depending on seedling growth and soil moisture content.With ground without ponding,
Not long-term excessively white (soil moisture content 18~25%) is principle again.(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Sclerotiniose 0.1% carbendazim or support
Cloth saliva is prevented and treated by spraying.Powdery mildew chemical prevention and control method is sprayed with 1000 times of thiophanates.Prevention and control of aphids method is every 667m2
It is spraying with 25% anti-aphid.The control method of thrips is every 667m2It is prevented and treated by spraying with 25% anti-aphid.
3.3.4 Chinese milk vetch covers green utilization.The Chinese milk vetch used as base manure is suitable for turning in situ in full-bloom stage, is connecing a batch crop
Sowing covers green Chinese milk vetch fresh grass in first 7~10 days, and dosage is no more than 1500kg/667m2, deep ploughing is taken to turn over deep non watered ploughing waterlogged plot side
Formula turns over depth 15cm or so.Non watered ploughing can using disc plough or reversion rotary cultivator carry out, tilling depth 15cm or so, after 3~5 days to
Plough is turned up soil, and solarization is white, i.e. filling shallow water harrows a field.40~50kg/667m of lime is used before sowing2Adjust soil acidity or alkalinity.
4. second year successively plants fresh edible maize-rice:
The plantation of 4.1 spring sowing fresh edible maizes:
4.1.1 growing area is selected.Fresh edible maize plantation field should carry out the time with Other types maize or space is isolated.It is empty
Between be isolated 400m or more, barrier can be chosen and blocked, such as the woods, building.
4.1.2 apply fertilizer ridging.Base fertilizer is based on farmyard manure, heavy base fertilizer application, ahead of time top dressing, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are used cooperatively.It applies
Farmyard manure is 1000~1500kg/667m of base fertilizer2, 30~40kg/667m of compound fertilizer2Or corn fertilizer 30kg/667m2Do base
Fertilizer.It ditches into small high ridge, 20~25cm of ditch depth, the wide 2.0m of furrow face in crop field.
4.1.3 beginning sowing in good time.Sowing time in 4 months, the last ten-days period be advisable, at the latest be no more than May 1.In the point in furrow face
Broadcast fresh edible maize, line-spacing 60cm, 25~30cm of spacing in the rows, every 4 row of furrow kind, adjacent two every trade of furrow is away from being also 60cm.Depth of planting 4~
5cm, 2~3, every cave full seed, sowing quantity 2kg/667m2.Single plant is stayed in every cave when corn final singling, when occurring without seedling hole,
Double strains are all stayed in hole two sides, stay about 4000~4200 plants/667m of strain amount2。
4.1.4 field management.Pay attention to having poured jointing water, booting water and grouting water.Seedling stage never water logging, carries out trench digging in advance
Drainage works.Every 667m before 10~12 blades2Compound fertilizer 25kg and urea 10kg are chased after, and combines tillage and weeding.It is miscellaneous to handle seedling stage
Grass is defended (main component be benzene pyrazoles humulone, 5ml/ bag, 60ml/ bottle of auxiliary agent) using herbicide bud and handled, each dosage for 1 bottle/
667m2, for prevention and treatment Field Pests using matrine (200ml/ bottles), each dosage is 2 bottles/667m2, use Ke Mingte (100ml/
Bottle), each dosage is 0.5 bottle/667m2.4.1.5 it harvests in due course.20~23 days after pollination, when filigree blackening, should harvest in time,
To refer to that a pinch middle part seed a small amount of white slurry can occur for suitable harvesting standard.
4.1.6 fresh stalk green manure utilizes.After fresh edible maize harvests, stalk of fresh corn machinery is peeled into length and is lower than
Broken section of 10cm sprays appropriate straw decomposing inoculant by recommended dose, turns over rear diversion flood irrigation again and forms paddy field, is promoted using high temperature
Into straw decomposition returning to the field.
Stubble Single Late Rice after 4.2 corns (technology is with 3.2).
5. third year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-fresh edible maize.
5.1 spring tobacco plantings (technology is with 4.1)
Stubble fresh edible maize after 5.2 flue-cured tobaccos:
5.2.1 preparing before kind.Stubble fresh edible maize is planted after flue-cured tobacco, and field selection is it should be noted that when realizing effective with conventional corn
Sky isolation, it is common that 400m or more or the flowering pollination time that is staggered is isolated.Cigarette ridge artificial weeding is carried out before corn seeding.
5.2.2 corn seeding.Sowing time selection is before Upper Leaf of Flue-cured Tobacco last time harvests.In the middle and upper part of ridge side waist
Two sides seeding corn, sowing quantity 2kg/667m2, 25~30cm of spacing in the rows, 2~3, every cave full seed.At the end of tobacco harvesting
Cigarette pole is pulled out as early as possible.Double strains are respectively stayed in seedling, 6 leaf phase final singlings during 4 leaf of corn, the two sides in the cave that is short of seedling, and density is 4000~4200 plants/
667m2。
5.2.3 field management.Field management pays attention to having poured jointing water, booting water and grouting water.Typhoon season rainwater is more,
Tobacco field need to be carried out to dig trenches to drain the water away work.Fresh edible maize is base manure, every 667m before jointing using fertilizer more than cigarette ridge after cigarette2Chase after compound fertilizer
20kg and urea 15kg.
5.2.4 disease pest and weed is prevented and treated.Processing Weeds at seedling defended using herbicide bud (main component is benzene pyrazoles humulone,
5ml/ bags, 60ml/ bottles of auxiliary agent), each dosage is 1 bottle/667m2, it is each using matrine (200ml/ bottles) to prevent and treat Field Pests
Dosage is 2 bottles/667m2, Ke Mingte (100ml/ bottles) every time dosage be 0.5 bottle/667m2。
5.2.5 it harvests in time.20~23 days after pollination, when filigree blackening, should harvest in time, to refer to that pinching a middle part seed can go out
Now a small amount of white slurry is suitable harvesting standard.This stage temperature is lower, should be selected when harvesting to be suitble to collecting time, harvesting according to temperature
Phase can be appropriately extended compared with sowing in spring.
5.2.6 fresh stalk green manure utilizes.After fresh edible maize harvests, stalk of fresh corn machinery is peeled into length and is lower than
Broken section of 10cm sprays appropriate straw decomposing inoculant by recommended dose, turns over rear diversion flood irrigation again and forms paddy field.Environment temperature at this time
It spends lower, decomposition time can be relaxed plough to next year and sun the earth which has been ploughed up.
In the planting technology that the present invention announces, each crop of flue-cured tobacco, rice, corn, green manure realizes reasonable crop rotation plantation,
Using Chinese milk vetch and stalk of fresh corn as green manure, the multiple crop index in soil is improved, the feeding use of tobacco-growing soil is effectively realized
In conjunction with the annual agricultural synthesis gross output value of raising.
Below with reference to good effect, the invention will be further described.
The invention proposes crop rotation cropping pattern, First Year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-Rice-green Manure, and second year is successively planted
Fresh edible maize-rice, third year successively plant flue-cured tobacco-fresh edible maize.Every 3 years are 1 farming period.
Precocious Varieties In Late Rice combination seedling transplantation technique has been selected, has shortened rice field and retains the phase.
The fresh edible maize of late wheat type is that preceding stubble green manure creates effective bearing time, accumulates green manure biology total amount.
As green manure, returning to the field increases tobacco field organic matter investment to fresh edible maize stalk for years.
The invention proposes the cigarette in 3 years periods, grain, fertile rotation system and derivative alternating methods.Under rotation system
" three-stage " green manure increment returning to the field technology.Compact cigarette, grain, fertile integrated planting method.Each crop is according to most saving field
The planting technology of breeding time successively connects stubble plantation.
Late rice-Chinese milk vetch-spring fresh edible maize of Anhui cigarette district connects stubble cutting and planting method
The present invention provides effectively reasonable crop rotation cropping pattern for Anhui cigarette district, and it is green that First Year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-rice-
Fertilizer, second year successively plant fresh edible maize-rice, successively plant flue-cured tobacco-fresh edible maize in third year.Every 3 years are 1 farming week
Phase.
The present invention selects precocious Varieties In Late Rice combination seedling transplantation technique, shortens rice field breeding time, is green manure autumn
Growth provide the time, so as to green manure reaches can be with the growth and development stage of safe overwintering.
The present invention selects the fresh edible maize of late wheat type, creates effective bearing time for preceding stubble green manure, accumulation green manure is raw
Object total amount.
Fresh edible maize stalk of the present invention persistently improves soil physico-chemical property as green manure returning to the field for years, also solves kind
The life straw utilization rate that planting paddy rice produces is low, burns bring environmental problem.
Fresh edible maize of the present invention is compared to the main advantage of conventional corn: (1) growth cycle is short, a 80 days time of infertility left side
It is right (spring, autumn due to breeding time effective accumulated temperature difference it is variant), spring sowing fresh edible maize broadcasts operation by evening in spring, has both been preceding stubble
Effective breeding time to mid-April is vacateed in green manure growth, and does not influence late rice mid-July breeding time to by the end of November.(2) fresh edible maize
It is situation of selling well food, the huge market demand, added value is high, economic benefits.(3) fresh edible maize stalk water content is high, and nutrition is rich
Richness, fresh weight is high and is easy to returning to the field decomposition.Therefore select fresh edible maize as crops for rotation, conventional corn without the above advantage (Fig. 2, in figure:
A: the stalk of fresh edible maize normal picking time is all fresh and alive state；B: the stalk of conventional corn normal picking time is the dried-up of dehydration
State.The stalk of conventional corn is unfavorable for quick decomposition returning to the field).
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of tobacco field three-stage green manure original position method of administration, which is characterized in that tobacco field three-stage green manure application side in situ
For method in tobacco planting region, First Year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-Rice-green Manure, and second year successively plants fresh edible maize-rice,
Third year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-fresh edible maize.Every 3 years are 1 farming period.It specifically includes:
First Year carries out Chinese milk vetch green manure interplanting in paddy growth latter stage, and second year is with the green manure returning to the field of high-biomass and covers
Green-rot solution, as First Year first stage green manure returning to the field；
Second year waits for that Chinese milk vetch green manure rots after a week, and crop field trench digging plants fresh edible maize, mid-July at small high ridge, in furrow face
Maturation harvesting, original place returning to the field after stalk of fresh corn rotary tillage crushes complete second year second stage green manure returning to the field fertilizing soil；
Third year after flue-cured tobacco, with fresh edible maize one season of substitution late rice, two slope surface program request corns on former cigarette ridge, after autumn harvest
Corn stover flour returning to the field again completes phase III in third year green manure returning to the field.
2. tobacco field three-stage green manure original position as described in claim 1 method of administration, which is characterized in that the tobacco field three-stage green manure
Method of administration in situ specifically includes:
In tobacco planting region, the basic growth requirement of rice, green manure, fresh edible maize is taken into account；Growing area landform is low mountains and hills
Or fluvial outwash area, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and plough horizon is greater than 20cm；
The suitable crop varieties of selection；
Rotation system are as follows: First Year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-Rice-green Manure, and second year successively plants fresh edible maize-rice, third
Year successively plants flue-cured tobacco-fresh edible maize；Every 3 years are 1 period of crop-rotation；Each crop according to each self-optimizing implantation methods successively
Connect stubble plantation；
After the fresh edible maize maturation picking of spring sowing, stalk part is feeding for animal industry, fishery, and remaining appropriate fresh bar is in situ
Returning to the field fertilizing soil, high-temperature water start rice transplanting in mid-July after corruption several weeks and cultivate a second crop of rice；
Green manure and 2 years fresh edible maize stalks divide three phases to carry out in the form of fresh material, and rotary tillage is broken, and returning to the field fertilizing in situ is native
Earth.
3. tobacco field three-stage green manure original position as claimed in claim 2 method of administration, which is characterized in that in tobacco planting region, soil
Layer is loose, drainage ventilation is good, soil pH 5.5~6.5.
4. tobacco field three-stage green manure original position as claimed in claim 2 method of administration, which is characterized in that rice selects precocious late rice product
Kind, the phase is retained for shortening rice field.
5. tobacco field three-stage green manure original position as claimed in claim 2 method of administration, which is characterized in that green manure Chinese milk vetch is received in late rice
It obtains first 20 days and interplants, Yu Cinian spring full-bloom stage carries out First Year first stage green manure and covers blueness in situ.
6. tobacco field three-stage green manure original position as claimed in claim 2 method of administration, which is characterized in that sowed and sowed in spring with late April
Fresh edible maize substitutes flue-cured tobacco as spring stubble crop, and the fresh straw in situ rotary tillage returning to the field of corn makes as second year second stage green manure
With；
Late rice is substituted as autumn stubble crop, the fresh straw in situ rotary tillage returning to the field of corn, as third year third using autumn sowing fresh edible maize
Stage green manure uses.
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