CN109644845A - Influence Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N2The method and device of O discharge - Google Patents
Influence Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N2The method and device of O discharge Download PDFInfo
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- CN109644845A CN109644845A CN201811632616.5A CN201811632616A CN109644845A CN 109644845 A CN109644845 A CN 109644845A CN 201811632616 A CN201811632616 A CN 201811632616A CN 109644845 A CN109644845 A CN 109644845A
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- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 155
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of influence Rice Leaf disclosed by the invention, rhizosphere N2The method and device of O discharge, by controlling rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N using indoor weak light2The test of O emission flux；With amount of nitrogens different under different illumination conditions to rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The test of O emission flux；To rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The calculating and statistics that O emission flux carries out, system calculate the N of rice at different conditions2The analysis and calculating of O discharge amount progress systematic science.For the N of the rice in rice field2Theoretical and realistic basis reasonably is provided for nitrogen, that is, reasonable applied nitrogen in O emission reduction and Rice Production, to realize scientific farming, and is formed with shield of trying hard to keep to atmospheric environment, reduces the planting cost of rice, while can realize increasing both production and income for peasant.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the field of rice cultivation of agricultural production, more particularly to a kind of influence Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N2The side of O discharge
Method and device.
Background technique:
Paddy ecosystem is N2The important emission source of O, and its discharge is closely related with amount of nitrogen, paddy field moisture situation.Soil
The N for generating and discharging2O accounts for about biosphere and is discharged into N in atmosphere2The 53% of O total amount, agricultural soil are N2The primary discharge source of O.
The N of applied nitrogen discharge2O accounts for soil N2The 25%-82% of O total release.Increase nitrogen fertilizer amount, N2O discharge increases therewith.It is long
Phase a large amount of applied nitrogens and its caused soil acidification can promote N2The release of O, but when amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is horizontal lower pair
N2The influence of O discharge is not significant.Moreover, crop and its Nitrogen utility also have a major impact soil K.There is research table
Bright, plant growth can significantly reduce soil N2O discharge amount, but also there is plant growth to will increase dramatically soil N2The research report of O discharge
Road.In addition, plant itself also can generate and discharge N2O, as amount of nitrogen increases, plant discharging N2O is obviously increased, and rows of plants
Put N2O is also influenced by the factors such as light intensity and soil N, P supply level.
Existing result of study was shown, in China paddy rice Growing season N in 20082O discharge amount mean value is 22.48 Gg,
Rice field N2O discharge increases with amount of nitrogen and is increased.But under conditions of in rice field, waterflooding causes anaerobic environment, N2O is further reduced
For N2, nitrogenous fertilizer is to N at this time2The influence of O discharge is not obvious.In 0-180kg N hm-2In range, urea is increased to rice field N2O
The influence of discharge is not significant, and only application urea amount reaches 270 and 360kg N hm-2When, N2O emission flux just can obviously rise
It is high.Studies have shown that rice plant also will affect rice field N2The discharge of O, the participation of rice plant make soil N2O discharge reduces
81%.But also there is opposite research report, such as have been reported that, the soil N of rice cultivation2O discharge amount is than exposed soil N under the same terms2O
Discharge amount increases 37%.
Therefore how to inquire into using illumination and amount of nitrogen to rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The influence and mechanism of O discharge.From
And it is intended to control rice field N2O emission reduction and in Rice Production reasonably for nitrogen provide practicable scheme and foundation.For water
The protection of rice production environment and sustainable development provide safeguard.
In terms of the research achievement existing from forefathers, either soil or plant N2O discharge with amount of nitrogen, Farmland Water
The factors such as situation are closely related.In addition, plant The Rhizosphere of Rice N2O discharge also influences whether phyllosphere N2O discharge, illumination, nitrogen source are to agriculture
Field N2O discharge effect should be with it to root of the crop, leaf interface N2The effect of O discharge is closely related.But it so far, to illumination and applies
Nitrogen quantity adjusting and controlling rice rhizosphere, phyllosphere interface N2The effect of O discharge does not have the system report of this aspect.It therefore, such as can be in water planting control
Under the conditions of nitrogen, Simultaneous Determination, inquire into how in illumination and amount of nitrogen to rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The influence and mechanism of O discharge,
It is intended that the N of the rice in rice field2O emission reduction and reasonably provide theoretical and realistic basis for nitrogen technology in Rice Production.To
It realizes scientific farming, and is formed with shield of trying hard to keep to atmospheric environment, and reduce the planting cost of rice, while realizing volume increase for peasant
It increases income.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention seeks to provide a kind of influence Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N2The method and device of O discharge.It is light-operated to being used for examination rice
Culture systems, by rice overground part and underground part strict separation in experimental rig interior room and mistress, to illumination and control
The Rhizosphere of Rice, phyllosphere interface N2The discharge of O.For the N of the rice in rice field2It is reasonably mentioned for nitrogen technology in the emission reduction and Rice Production of O
For theoretical and realistic basis；Sustainable development is realized for Rice Production.
The present invention discloses a kind of influence Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N2The method of O discharge uses light-operated culture to for examination rice,
Including following method and step, 1) utilize indoor weak light control rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The test of O emission flux；
2) under different illumination conditions different amount of nitrogens to rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The test of O emission flux；With 3) to Rice Leaf
Border and rhizosphere N2The calculating and statistics that O emission flux carries out；
Step 1) is described to utilize indoor weak light control rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2O emission flux test be include rice plant handle
And gas sample N2The collection and detection of O.
Preferably, being that step 1) is described utilizes indoor weak light control rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The test of O emission flux, is pair
Earth culture method nursery is first used for examination rice, with water culture culture, nitrogen is applied by different illumination intensity and difference of the control to rice
Measure the N to determine Rice Leaf, rhizosphere2O discharge.
Preferably, be under the be set forth in different illumination conditions of step 2) different amount of nitrogens to rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2O discharge
Throughput experimentation；It is that condition is implemented under Rice Flowering productive phase indoor weak light, indoor strong light and outdoor natural light；The interior
Dim light refers to that intensity of illumination is 0Lux-4000Lux, and indoor strong light refers to that intensity of illumination is 0Lux-8000Lux；The difference is applied
Nitrogen quantity is to use NH4NO3As control nitrogen source, implement denitrogenation, low nitrogen, high nitrogen three processing in Rice Flowering productive phase, it is described de-
Nitrogen, low nitrogen, high nitrogen are that control nitrogen content is 0N, 0mg/L, 1N, 30mg/L, 3N, 90mg/L respectively；Each processing repeats 2-4 times,
Collect rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N that rice is in the stage of blossoming and bearing fruit2The discharge of O.
Further, the rice plant processing is selection rice seedlings uniformity, and controls the fresh strain of each rice seedlings
The method of double differences is washed with deionized water, dries up in 0-2g, is placed in the culture apparatus by the culture solution of different amount of nitrogens；And do not hurting
Under the conditions of evil rice plant, the rhizosphere portion in phyllosphere portion and rice underground part to rice ground is separated cultivation.
It further, is step 3) rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The calculating and statistics of O emission flux are to Rice Leaf, root
Border N2O discharge amount is calculated as follows formula calculating: F=ρ × V/A × dc/dt × 273/ (273+T)
In formula: F indicates N2O emission flux, μ g m-2h-1；
ρ is gas density under standard state, N2O,1.98kg m-3；
V is inside and outside room effective volume m3；
A is static chamber floor space m2；
Dc/dt is joint sealing unit time 1h, gas N in sampling box2The variation nL L of O concentration-1h-1；
T is sampling box temperature DEG C；
N is detected with the inside and outside room institute gas production sample of experimental rig2O data calculate as a result, respectively indicating rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2O
Emission flux；Negative number representation absorbs, and positive number indicates discharge；The average and standard error of all processing are to repeat to count
As a result.
It is another object of the present invention to realize influence Rice Leaf recited above, rhizosphere N2The device of the method for O discharge, packet
Light-operated incubator system is included, the light-operated incubator system includes master trip device and auxiliary device, the master trip device
Including interior room portion and mistress portion, phyllosphere room and rhizosphere room；Interior room portion is set in mistress portion；Phyllosphere room is set to interior room portion inner cavity, root
Border room is set to mistress portion inner cavity, and phyllosphere room is correspondingly arranged above rhizosphere room；The auxiliary device includes air delivery device and pumping dress
It sets；Air delivery device includes gasing pump and inside and outside appendix；The air extractor includes aspiration pump and inside and outside exhaust tube.
Device of the present invention, the interior room portion and mistress portion of the master trip device are cabinet knot made of transparent material
Structure, the mistress portion include mistress's cover, rhizosphere room composition, are equipped with exhaust fan and illumination lamp, interior room in the top of mistress's cover
Portion and rhizosphere room are set to mistress portion inner cavity, and interior room portion is set to rhizosphere room top by the way that the fixed device of interior room is corresponding, and rhizosphere
Room is communicated with the inner cavity in mistress portion；Rice leaf site is in phyllosphere room, and rice root is located in rhizosphere room.
The device, interior room subordinate end are equipped with through-hole, and rice leaf portion is placed in the phyllosphere room of interior room portion inner cavity,
And rice root is then placed in chamber in rhizosphere room through the entrance of interior room subordinate end through-hole；The exhaust tube in being connected on the top in interior room portion
One end, the interior exhaust tube other end are connected on aspiration pump outlet end；Through-hole between phyllosphere room and rhizosphere room is equipped with sealing ring.
Preferably, one end of the interior appendix of the auxiliary device is connected to the phyllosphere room lower end in interior room portion, and the other end connects
It is connected to gasing pump outlet end；One end of outer appendix is connected to the lower end in mistress portion, and the other end is similarly coupled to gas transmission pump discharge
On end；And one end of interior exhaust tube is connected to the top of the phyllosphere room in interior room portion, the other end is connected to the outlet end of aspiration pump；Outside
One end of exhaust tube is connected to the upper end in mistress portion, and the other end is then similarly coupled on the outlet end of aspiration pump.
Influence Rice Leaf of the present invention, rhizosphere N2The method and device of O discharge, method test is using water planting
Method carries out in small-sized light-operated incubator, trains miscellaneous Tai Feng for studying object rice (Oryza sativa L.) kind.By water
Rice field top and underground part strict separation are in experimental rig interior room portion and mistress portion, with Water By Gas Chromatography rice root, Ye Jie
The N of face discharge2O amount.The Rhizosphere of Rice N between denitrogenation and the processing of low nitrogen under Qiang Guang, natural lighting2O discharge difference it is also not significant (P >
0.05)。
A kind of influence Rice Leaf disclosed by the invention, rhizosphere N2The method and device of O discharge, by utilizing indoor weak light control
Rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N processed2The test of O emission flux；With amount of nitrogens different under different illumination conditions to rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2O
Emission flux test；To rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The calculating and statistics that O emission flux carries out, the rice that calculates of system exist
N under different condition2The analysis and calculating of O discharge amount progress systematic science.From test of the invention within the scope of nitrogen with applying
The increase of nitrogen quantity, rice root, leaf interface N2O emission flux increases therewith；Difference compares weak for (1N, 3N) under the conditions of nitrogen level
Light, Qiang Guang, natural light, which have, inhibits The Rhizosphere of Rice N2O discharge effect, but the water that denitrogenation (0N) is handled under the conditions of Qiang Guang, natural light
Rice rhizosphere N2O discharge still increased, and under the conditions of difference is for nitrogen level (1N, 3N) and denitrogenation (0N), Qiang Guang, natural light condition
Under have enhancing rice phyllosphere N2The effect of O discharge.For the N of the rice in rice field2Reasonably it is for nitrogen in O emission reduction and Rice Production
Reasonable applied nitrogen provides theoretical and realistic basis, to realize scientific farming, and shield of trying hard to keep is formed with to atmospheric environment, drops
The planting cost of low rice, while increasing both production and income can be realized for peasant.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 influences Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N for the present invention2The apparatus structure schematic diagram of the method for O discharge；
Fig. 2 is the phase water that blossoms and bears fruit that amount of nitrogen of intensity of illumination of the present invention when being i.e. 8 000 Lux under high light conditions is handled
Rice phyllosphere N2O emission flux；
The phase water that blossoms and bears fruit that amount of nitrogen when Fig. 3 for intensity of illumination of the present invention is i.e. 4000 Lux under the conditions of low-light is handled
Rice phyllosphere N2O emission flux；
Fig. 4 is the phase rice phyllosphere N that blossoms and bears fruit for the amount of nitrogen processing that intensity of illumination of the present invention is under the conditions of natural lighting2O
Emission flux；
Fig. 5 is the phase water that blossoms and bears fruit that amount of nitrogen of intensity of illumination of the present invention when being i.e. 8000 Lux under high light conditions is handled
Rice rhizosphere N2O emission flux；
The phase water that blossoms and bears fruit that amount of nitrogen when Fig. 6 for intensity of illumination of the present invention is i.e. 4 000 Lux under the conditions of low-light is handled
Rice rhizosphere N2O emission flux；
Fig. 7 is the phase The Rhizosphere of Rice N that blossoms and bears fruit for the amount of nitrogen processing that intensity of illumination of the present invention is under the conditions of natural lighting2O
Emission flux.
In Fig. 1,1, mistress portion, 2, interior room portion, 3, interior appendix, 301, outer appendix, 4, interior exhaust tube, 401, outer pumping
Tracheae, 5, exhaust fan, 6, interior room lower seal, 7, interior room upper seal, 8, illumination lamp, 9, phyllosphere room, 10, rhizosphere room, 11, defeated
Air pump, 12, aspiration pump, 13, rice leaf portion, 14, rice root, 15, mistress's cover, 16,1601,1602,1603, control valve,
17, the fixed device of interior room, 18, through-hole.
Specific embodiment:
In order to which technical characteristic of the invention, purpose and beneficial effect are more clearly understood, now in conjunction with specific example to this
The technical solution of invention carries out following detailed description, and techniques not described means of the present invention are carried out by usual manner in the art,
It should be understood that these examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A kind of influence Rice Leaf of the invention, rhizosphere N2The method of O discharge uses light-operated culture systems to for examination rice,
It includes following method and step, and 1) utilize indoor weak light control rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The test of O emission flux；
2) under different illumination conditions different amount of nitrogens to rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The test of O emission flux；With 3) to Rice Leaf
Border and rhizosphere N2The calculating and statistics that O emission flux carries out；
Step 1) is described to utilize indoor weak light control rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2O emission flux test include rice plant processing and
Gas sample N2The collection and detection of O.
Step 1) is described to utilize indoor weak light control rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The test of O emission flux is to for trying rice
The nursery of earth culture method is first used, with water culture culture, the different illumination intensity of rice is determined from different amount of nitrogens by control
The N of Rice Leaf, rhizosphere2O discharge.
Different amount of nitrogens are to rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N under the be set forth in different illumination conditions of step 2)2The test of O emission flux；
It is that condition is implemented under Rice Flowering productive phase indoor weak light, indoor strong light and outdoor natural light；The indoor weak light refers to light
It is 0Lux-4 000Lux according to intensity, indoor strong light refers to that intensity of illumination is 0Lux-8000Lux；The difference amount of nitrogen is to use
NH4NO3As control nitrogen source, implement denitrogenation, low nitrogen, high nitrogen three processing, the denitrogenation, low nitrogen, height in Rice Flowering productive phase
Nitrogen is that control nitrogen content is 0N, 0mg/L, 1N, 30mg/L, 3N, 90mg/L respectively；Each processing repeats 2-4 times, collects at rice
In the rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N in the stage of blossoming and bearing fruit2The discharge of O.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention influences Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N2The device of the method for O discharge, interior room portion 2 are set to mistress portion 1
The mistress being made of mistress's cover 15 in it is intracavitary, in mistress's cover 15 top wall surface be equipped with exhaust fan 5 and illumination lamp 8,
Mistress's cover 15 and the constituent material in interior room portion 2 are made of to have glass material using transparent, are set to 1 inner cavity of mistress portion
Rhizosphere room 10 be located on the base part seat of 1 inner cavity of mistress portion, 1 inner cavity of mistress portion is fixed on by the fixed device 17 of interior room in interior room portion 2
Rhizosphere room 10 top, phyllosphere room 9 is set to intracavitary in the interior room portion and corresponding top set on rhizosphere room 10, phyllosphere room 9
It is connected between rhizosphere room 10 by through-hole 18, when rice leaf portion 13 is placed in phyllosphere room 9, rice root 14 is then by logical
Hole 18 is placed in rhizosphere room 10, and then through-hole 18 is then mutually sealed with the sealing ring of interior room lower seal 6, such phyllosphere room 9 and root
Then corresponding seal isolation is opened for border room 10.The outlet end of gasing pump 11 is connected to the phyllosphere in interior room portion 2 through interior 3 one end of appendix
The lower end of room 9 sets control valve 16 on interior appendix 3, and outer 301 one end of appendix is connected to the lower part in mistress portion 1, and the other end is through setting
Control valve 1601 thereon is connected on the outlet end of gasing pump 11.The outlet end of aspiration pump 12 connects through interior 4 one end of exhaust tube
It is connected to the top of the phyllosphere room 9 in interior room portion 2, control valve 1602 is set on interior exhaust tube 4, outer 401 one end of exhaust tube is connected to mistress
Control valve 1603 of the top other end in portion 1 through being provided thereon is connected on the outlet end of aspiration pump 12.Interior exhaust tube 4 and interior room
The top junction of the phyllosphere room 9 in portion 2 is sealed with interior room upper seal 7.
The experimental rig and working principle of the specific embodiment of the invention, materials and methods；
The N that soil is generated and discharged2O accounts for about biosphere and is discharged into N in atmosphere2The 53% of O total amount, agricultural soil are N2O's is main
Emission source.The N of applied nitrogen discharge2O accounts for soil N2The 25%-82% of O total release.Increase nitrogen fertilizer amount, N2O is discharged therewith
Increase.Long-term a large amount of applied nitrogens and its caused soil acidification can promote N2The release of O, but amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer level compared with
To N when low2The influence of O discharge is not significant.Moreover, crop and its Nitrogen utility also have a major impact soil K.Have
Research points out that plant growth can significantly reduce soil N2O discharge amount, but also there is plant growth to will increase dramatically soil N2O discharge
Research report.In addition, plant itself also can generate and discharge N2O, as amount of nitrogen increases, plant discharging N2O is obviously increased, and
Plant discharging N2O is also influenced by the factors such as light intensity and soil N, P supply level.
The light-operated culture case apparatus of test preparation of the invention, as shown in Figure 1.Main body experimental rig mistress portion 1 and interior room
Portion 2, interior room room 2 are sleeved among the inner cavity in mistress portion 1, are organic glass production.1 specification 30cm × 30cm of mistress portion ×
100cm is mainly made of mistress's cover 15 and rhizosphere room 10, is vented in the top wall surface of mistress's cover 15 equipped with 1-2 small electrical
5 are fanned to mix inside and outside indoor air, being also provided on the outer wall of mistress's cover 15 temporarily can uniformly install white light light pipe
Device, light intensity can be adjusted by control opening and closing light pipe quantity.The diameter 25cm in interior room portion 2, high 50cm, bottom surface retain
Internal diameter 10cm circular hole, that is, through-hole 18 can be passed through the inner cavity in interior room portion 2.2 top cover of interior room portion can need to dismount at any time according to test, top
It covers and 1 mini fan is installed to mix interior room air.Inside and outside room is mounted on appendix and exhaust tube, can be by inside and outside
Room is defeated, exhaust tube connects air pump to implement gas transmission and exhaustive test.When test, rice overground part and underground part are tightly separated
Interior room and mistress, that is, phyllosphere room 9 and rhizosphere room 10, and pass through the N of inside and outside room exhaust tube acquisition gas sample2O detection is analyzed with data,
Determine rice root, leaf interface N2O discharge.Experimental rig realization of the invention can synchronize accurate quantification rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2O row
It puts.
The specific test method of the present invention,
Indoor weak light controls rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2O emission flux is tested is for examination rice (Oryza sativa L.) kind
Miscellaneous Tai Feng is trained, is provided by certain agriculture university.Rice earth culture method nursery, water culture culture, 7d change one time of nutrition liquid (6L).Rice
Culture experiment bucket, culture formula of liquid determine that the method for use is carried out referring to prior art etc..Test light source passes through tight
The method that the outer wall of patch experimental rig mistress temporarily installs white light light pipe obtains, and the side of different light pipe quantity is opened and closed with control
Method carrys out Control experiment light intensity, blocks ambient light with black cloth set method.Early period passes through measurement, Different Types of Rice soil available nitrogen (alkaline hydrolysis
Nitrogen) average content 33.06mg kg-1, the rice soil of standard deviation ± 8.07, Gao Youxiao nitrogen content is up to 60.79mg kg-1.This examination
It tests and sets low nitrogen 1N, 30mg L-1, middle nitrogen be 2N, 60mg L-1, high nitrogen 3N, 90mg L-1Different amount of nitrogens processing, each place
Reason is repeated 3 times.Culture solution nitrogen concentration uses NH4NO3It controls, while the blank test of device of doing experiment, blank test repeats 3
It is secondary.Test is measured with GLZ-C type light quantum meter record instrument from the light intensity at mistress's cover inner wall 5cm.In the 8:00-18:00 period in the daytime,
In the daytime illumination is set as 4 000Lux；Evening 18:00-8:00 is the dark treatment period, and all processing light intensity are 0Lux.
Rice plant processing method: selected uniform rice trains miscellaneous Tai Feng test seedling, and control fresh weight strain error exists
0-2g is washed with deionized water, dries up, and is put into the PVC barrel for being designed and being replaced again culture solution by different amount of nitrogens.Examination
When testing, rice plant overground part is first passed through into 4cm thickness cystosepiment, then be packed into interior room portion 2 via interior room bottom surface round mouth, to foam
After plate is close to 2 circular hole of interior room portion, gap is blocked with cotton that N0-704 cure silicone rubber is sealing ring is coated with, then to rice
Plant basal part of stem is close to perfusion silicone rubber seal in position with cystosepiment binding site, cystosepiment with interior room circular hole.Certainly to silicon rubber
It so air-dries, after solidification, loads onto interior room portion top cover, sealed with adhesive tape, then interior room package unit is sleeved on outside experimental rig
Room pedestal, then mistress's cover 15 is installed.The binding site of mistress's pedestal and cover is sealed with joint sealing adhesive plaster.In this way, test passes through
The inside and outside strict compartmentation in room realizes the tight of rice overground part and underground part under the conditions of not injuring rice plant substantially
Close separation.The Rhizosphere of Rice interface generates, via the N of liquid gas interface dispersal events2O is collected at the air in mistress portion 1 by separation
In；The N of rice overground part discharge2O, which is separated, to be collected in the air in interior room portion 2.
Gas sample N2O detection: the inside and outside room of the experimental rig of the present embodiment of the invention is defeated, exhaust tube is controlled with triple valve,
Air flow rate is controlled with flowmeter.It is first inside and outside with the high flow capacity air-flow Rapid replacement experimental rig of 400L/h with air pump before test
Room portion air 1.5h, time of exchanging gas are respectively morning 8:00-9:30, afternoon 12:30-14:00, evening 17:00-18:30.It sets
Joint sealing 3h, joint sealing time are respectively as follows: the morning, 9:30~12:30 immediately after ventilating；Afternoon, 14:00~17:00；At night,
18:30-21:30.Gas sample 40mL is acquired with syringe immediately when joint sealing, measures the initial air N in inside and outside room portion2O concentration.Envelope
It is primary every 1h sampling determination in case 3h, while implementing the air blank test of experimental rig.In the 22:00-8:00 period, gas is used
Pump makes interior mistress portion air keep lasting circulation, swap status, and flow control is in 40L/h.After the vanning of different disposal rice plants,
Test is continuous to implement 6d.N2The measurement gas chromatography of O, the specific method by existing technology carry out, in certain public affairs of the sampling same day
Take charge of N in the 7890A GC system chromatographic gaseous sample of production2O concentration.
It tests in certain daily earth culture method nursery in 2013, then transplants to PVC barrels, every basin fills 6.0L nutrient solution, plants 3 plants
Seedling replaces weekly one time of nutrition liquid.Tillering stage, the phase of blossoming and bearing fruit, ripening and senscence phase N2O discharges observation experiment respectively at current year
Implement in nearly 4 months.When implementing test, tillering stage, the phase of blossoming and bearing fruit, growth period duration of rice ripening and senscence phase are respectively 64d, 93d
And 136d, average rice plant fresh weight is respectively 140g, 346g and 290g.
Under different illumination conditions different amount of nitrogens to rice phyllosphere and the test of rhizosphere N2O emission flux research has shown that, open
Spending productive phase is plant phyllospheric N2The critical period of O discharge.Therefore, the dim light 8:00-18:00 indoors of tests in 2014,4000
Lux；18:00-22:00,0Lux), indoor strong light 8:00-18:00,8000Lux；18:00-22:00,0Lux and outdoor natural light
Lower implementation, uses NH4NO3, analyze it is pure, control nitrogen source, in Rice Flowering productive phase implement denitrogenation, 0N, 0 mg/L, low nitrogen, 1N,
30mg/L, high nitrogen, 3N, 90mg/L) three processing, each processing is repeated 3 times.In addition to outdoor natural light, indoor light-operated test
Light source is obtained by being close to the method that the outer wall of experimental rig mistress temporarily installs white light light pipe, and is opened and closed different light pipes with control
The method of quantity adjusts light intensity, blocks ambient light with black cloth set method.It tests in certain daily earth culture method nursery in 2014, transplants on time
To PVC barrels.Test period is all to implement in year in 2014.When implementing test, growth period duration of rice 95d, mean fresh 380g, at rice
In the stage of blossoming and bearing fruit.Rice N2O emission testing and observation method are same as above.
The calculating and statistical method of rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2O emission flux,
N2The reference of O emission flux is calculated as follows formula:
F=ρ × V/A × dc/dt × 273/ (273+n
In formula: F indicates N2O emission flux (μ g m-2h-1)；
It ρ, is gas density (N under standard state2O,1.98kg m-3)；
It V, is inside and outside room effective volume (m3)；
It A, is static chamber floor space (m2)；
It dc/dt, is gas N in joint sealing unit time (1h) sampling box2Variation (the nL L of O concentration-1h-1)；
It T, is sampling box temperature (DEG C).
It is of the invention that N is detected with inside and outside institute, the room portion gas production sample of experimental rig by above formula calculation method2The knot that O data calculates
Fruit respectively indicates rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The emission flux of O.Negative number representation absorbs, and positive number indicates discharge.It is analyzed in data
In, different disposal is repeated 3 times, and the average and standard error of all processing are the results of 3 repetition statistics.The data obtained money
Material carries out variance statistic analysis, significance test of difference between processing with SPSS19.0 through 2003 edit of Excel, mapping
With Duncan multiple comparison graph.
As a result with analysis
Amount of nitrogen is to rice plant of tillering stage phyllosphere and rhizosphere N under the conditions of indoor weak light2The influence of O discharge；
It is by the following table 1 it is found that equal in morning 8:00-12:00, afternoon (13:00-17:00) and evening 18:00-22:00 different time
Observe rice plant of tillering stage phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2O discharges effect only, tests within 2013, N between processing2O discharges difference and reaches the level of signifiance
(P<0.05).Under indoor tight light nitrogen control condition, high nitrogen, 3N, NH4NO3-N, 90mg L-1) processing rice plant of tillering stage leaf
Border and rhizosphere are averaged N2O emission flux as 98.3 and 246.1 μ g m-2h-1 (morning, afternoon, evening are average), are respectively equivalent to
Low nitrogen, 1N, NH4NO3- N, 30mg L-1, the processing of middle nitrogen, 2N, NH4NO3- N, 60mg L-1,2.82,2.32 times and 8.31,
3.09 times, this shows under indoor tight light nitrogen control condition, and high nitrogen processing, which has, promotes rice root, leaf interface N2O discharge is shown
Works uses (P < 0.05).Moreover, test within the scope of nitrogen as amount of nitrogen increases, rice root, leaf interface N2O discharge is obvious
Increase, but rice phyllosphere N between low nitrogen and the processing of middle nitrogen2It is not significant that O discharges difference.Therefore, under the conditions of indoor weak light, raising is applied
Nitrogen quantity has synchronous promotion rice plant of tillering stage root, leaf interface N2The obvious effect of O discharge.
The tillering stage rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N of different amount of nitrogen processing under the conditions of 1 indoor weak light of table2The emission flux of O
Illustrate: the culture solution Nitrogen supplying levels that 1N, 2N are handled with 3N difference amount of nitrogen are respectively 30,60,90mg L-1(NH4NO3-
N)；Difference is indicated between the different lowercases of data indicate the processing of different amount of nitrogens in same row, and up to the level of signifiance, (Duncan is more
Compare again, p < 0.05) similarly hereinafter.
Amount of nitrogen is to Rice Flowering productive phase phyllosphere and rhizosphere N under the conditions of indoor weak light2The influence of O discharge,
It blossoms and bears fruit it can be seen from the following table 2 phase rice root, leaf interface N2The discharge of O the response of amount of nitrogen is substantially showed and
Tillering stage similar rule, i.e., low nitrogen processing (1N) and high nitrogen processing (3N), which also have, promotes rice root, leaf interface N2OO discharge
It acts on (P < 0.05).Under dim light control experimental condition, nitrogen (2N), the rice phyllosphere of high nitrogen (3N) processing and rhizosphere N2O discharge are logical
Amount is respectively 87.6,105.6 μ g m-2h-1With 273.5,256.7 μ g m-2h-1, the morning, afternoon, evening are averagely), it is respectively equivalent to
Nitrogen (2N), high nitrogen (3N) are handled in tillering stage 207.09%, 107.4% and 342.7%, 104.3%.Obviously, indoor weak light
4 000Lux, under the conditions of compare tillering stage, middle nitrogen level 2N, the phase rice root of blossoming and bearing fruit of processing, leaf interface N2O is discharged at double
Increase, but the phase rice root of blossoming and bearing fruit of high nitrogen (3N) processing, leaf interface N2O discharge increase ratio are little.Moreover, with interim
Rice root, leaf interface N between the processing of (2N), high nitrogen (3N)2O discharge difference is not significant (P > 0.05), thus illustrates dim light control item
Under part, rice root, leaf interface N2O discharge centering, the response of high nitrogen (3N) level are almost the same.But it further increases and applies nitrogen
Amount does not have the obvious effect for being obviously improved same period rice root, leaf interface N2O discharge.
Blossom and bear fruit phase rice phyllosphere and the rhizosphere N of different amount of nitrogen processing under the conditions of 2 indoor weak light of table2The discharge of O is logical
Amount.
Amount of nitrogen is to rice ripening and senscence phase phyllosphere and rhizosphere N under indoor weak light2The influence of O discharge.
The ripening and senscence phase rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N of different amount of nitrogen processing under 3 indoor weak light of table2The emission flux of O.
Illustrate, amount of nitrogen is to rice ripening and senscence phase phyllosphere and rhizosphere N under rice ripening and senscence phase indoor weak light2O discharge
Influence test result, be shown in Table 3；As shown in Table 3, amount of nitrogen is to rice root, leaf interface N2The effect of O discharge is substantially showed in
Early period similar rule.The Rice Leaf that middle nitrogen (2N), high nitrogen (3N) are handled under the rice ripening and senscence phase, dim light control experimental condition
Border and rhizosphere are averaged N2O emission flux is respectively 83.3,121.3 μ g m-2h-1With 270.9,279.2 μ g m-2h-1(morning, under
Noon, evening are average), compare Rice Flowering productive phase, rice ripening and senscence phase root, the leaf interface N of middle and high nitrogen processing2O discharge is equal
Without the trend being decreased obviously.But under the conditions of low nitrogen (1N), rice ripening and senscence phase phyllosphere and rhizosphere are averaged N2O emission flux point
It is not equivalent to the 134.78% and 191.02% of the phase of blossoming and bearing fruit, it is clear that in the decline of ripening and senscence phase rice nitrogen assimilation ability
Under the conditions of, still there is larger amount of N at rice root, leaf interface under low nitrogen level2O discharge.Therefore, amount of nitrogen is further controlled to inhibition
Ripening and senscence phase rice root, leaf interface N2O discharge is particularly important.
The influence that different amount of nitrogens discharge Rice Flowering productive phase phyllosphere N2O under different illumination conditions；
Under the conditions of dim light (4 000Lux), Qiang Guang (8 000Lux) and natural light, different amount of nitrogens are to water under different illumination conditions
Rice blossoms and bears fruit phase phyllosphere N2The influence test result of O discharge is shown in Fig. 2.Fig. 2 shows denitrogenation (0mg L-1), low nitrogen (30mg L-1), high nitrogen (90mg L-1) processing Rice Flowering productive phase phyllosphere N2O emission flux be respectively 2.9,29.1,116.3 μ g m- 2h-1, 23.6,40.1,120.1 μ g m-2h-1With 10.9,26.2,131.3 μ g m-2h-1.Compared with the test of 2013 years, dim light control
Low nitrogen, high nitrogen handle phyllosphere N under experimental condition2Less (2013 are respectively 36.8,105.6 μ g m to O emission flux difference-2h-1).As amount of nitrogen increases, rice phyllosphere N2O discharge also obviously increases.Studies have pointed out that rice phyllosphere N2O discharge and illumination
Also closely related.Under high nitrogen level conditions, indoor weak light, indoor strong light, naturally strong light, average 26 500Lux, the rice of processing
Phyllosphere N2O emission flux successively rises, as illumination in the daytime enhances, rice phyllosphere N2O discharge is remarkably reinforced.In denitrogenation, low nitrogen
Under level conditions, indoor strong light, natural light processing rice phyllosphere N2O discharge is still higher than dim light processing (P < 0.05).In addition,
Under dim light control experimental condition, low nitrogen fertilising rice phyllosphere N2O emission flux is lower, but denitrogenation processing rice phyllosphere N2O is discharged more
Low, accordingly, with respect to denitrogenation processing, low nitrogen (1N) processing, which has, promotes rice phyllosphere N2The remarkable effect (P < 0.05) of O discharge.Phase
Instead, the rice phyllosphere N of the low nitrogen processing under the conditions of Qiang Guang, natural light2O discharge is higher, but denitrogenation processing also has with this condition
Relatively high rice phyllosphere N2O emission flux.Compared with comparing denitrogenation processing, low nitrogen fertilising can control rice phyllosphere N2O's
Discharge.
Different amount of nitrogens are to Rice Flowering productive phase rhizosphere N under different illumination conditions2The influence of O discharge is from the figure 3, it may be seen that same
It walks under the conditions of testing weak, Qiang Guang and natural light, the Rice Flowering productive phase rhizosphere N that denitrogenation, low nitrogen, high nitrogen are handled2O emission flux
Respectively 3.3,77.1,308.4 μ g m-2h-1, 14.1,45.6,182.4 μ g m-2h-1With 19.3,44.9,224.6 μ g m-2h-1, show that increasing nitrogen has enhancing The Rhizosphere of Rice N2The effect of O discharge.But The Rhizosphere of Rice N2O discharge is also closely related with illumination.
Under the conditions of low nitrogen, high nitrogen different level, indoor strong light, natural light processing The Rhizosphere of Rice be averaged N2O emission flux distinguishes phase
When 59.14% handled in dim light, 58.24% and 59.1%, 72.8%, Qiang Guang, natural light processing it is different for nitrogen level under
(1N, 3N), comparison dim light, which has concurrently, inhibits The Rhizosphere of Rice N2O discharges effect.But under the conditions of denitrogenation, indoor strong light, naturally strong light
The The Rhizosphere of Rice of processing is averaged N2O emission flux is respectively equivalent to 4.23 and 5.8 times of dim light processing, it can thus be appreciated that rice root
Border N2The discharge of O still increased.In addition, under dim light, Qiang Guang and natural light different condition, the The Rhizosphere of Rice of low nitrogen processing (1N)
N2O discharge is respectively equivalent to 23.21,3.23,2.33 times of denitrogenation processing, but low nitrogen under indoor strong light, natural light, at denitrogenation
The Rhizosphere of Rice N between reason2It is not significant (P > 0.05) that O discharges difference.Obviously, under low light condition, for the The Rhizosphere of Rice N of nitrogen2O discharge
Effect is significant.With denitrogenation ratio, low nitrogen fertilising effectively enhances The Rhizosphere of Rice N2O discharge.But promote rice root for nitrogen under strong light
Border N2O discharge effect obviously weakens, and denitrogenation Rice under Condition rhizosphere N2O discharge is relatively high instead.Thus it is concluded that,
Under denitrogenation processing, low nitrogen fertilising clearly enhances The Rhizosphere of Rice N2The discharge of O.
Discuss rice phyllosphere N2O emission flux and its with illumination, amount of nitrogen relationship according to statistics, in the world, agriculture
The N of crop2O discharge amount, which accounts for mankind's activity, leads to N2The 60% of O total emission volumn.Its N of some plants2O burst size can not be ignored,
Corn and soybean plant is to N in soil (sand)-botanical system2The contribution rate 79.1%~100% of O.The N of forest discharge2O is about
For hayashishita soil discharge N2The 86.7% of O.Some researches show that rice plant aerating tissue is to rice field N2O discharge contribution rate be
75%-86%.
The present invention tests the device used, as shown in Figure 1, rice plant, Non in vitro experimental condition can not injured substantially
Under, synchronous accurate quantification measurement rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The discharge of O.Meanwhile culture solution uniformity also improves test knot
The reliability of fruit.Test result shows that high nitrogen level, the rice plant of tillering stage of dim light processing, the phase of blossoming and bearing fruit, ripening and senscence phase are flat
Equal phyllosphere N2O emission flux is respectively 98.3,105.6 μ g m-2h-1 and 121.3 μ g m-2h-1, accounts for rice root, Ye Jie respectively
Face N2O always discharge 29.30%, 30.16% and 31.33%, and control nitrogen fertilising do not reduce rice phyllosphere to N2The contribution of O discharge
(table 1-3).Under dim light (4 000Lux), Qiang Guang (8 000Lux) and natural light (average 26 500Lux) different condition, water
Rice blossoms and bears fruit phase phyllosphere N2O discharge contribution proportion is respectively as follows: denitrogenation, and 46.84%, 62.61%, 36.12%；Low nitrogen,
27.39%, 46.75%, 36.90%；High nitrogen, 27.61%, 39.71%, 36.90%.Obviously, difference is applied under Qiang Guang, natural light
The phyllosphere N of nitrogen (1N, 3N) processing2It is higher that O discharges contribution proportion, and reduction applies nitrogen not yet and reduces rice phyllosphere N2The contribution of O discharge
Ratio.Cumulated volume test result can be seen that different growing rice phyllosphere N2O discharge contribution proportion 27%-60% it
Between change；It is compared with dim light processing, the N of rice phyllosphere can be correspondinglyd increase by improving light intensity in the daytime2O discharges contribution proportion, and control nitrogen is applied
The N of rice phyllosphere cannot be effectively reduced in fertilizer2O discharges contribution proportion.
Illumination and amount of nitrogen are to The Rhizosphere of Rice N2The regulatory mechanism of O discharge,
Agricultural land soil N2The emission source of O, generation mechanism are mainly the nitrification and denitrification process of edaphon.From the present invention
Test result see, NH4NO3 be nitrogen conditions under, as amount of nitrogen increases, The Rhizosphere of Rice N2O discharge obviously increase.But it is high
NH4+The culture solution of-N only observes the The Rhizosphere of Rice N of denier2O is discharged effect (test result is unlisted) only, therefore The Rhizosphere of Rice
N2O discharge should be derived mainly from NO3-- N is the biological denitrification process of substrate.The denitrification of nitrobacteria is to anaerobic environment
Requirement be not very stringent, energy in the environment of soil has lower organic matter.O under the conditions of water planting of the present invention2Partial pressure is certainly
So relatively low, the degradation of crop root secretion and its residue can provide carbon source for microorganism (especially rhizosphere microorganism)
And the energy, and further consume the O in culture solution2, to constitute the primary condition of The Rhizosphere of Rice biological denitrification.It is aobvious
So, this is to increase NH4NO3Effectively facilitate The Rhizosphere of Rice N2The main reason for O is discharged.It is possible thereby to infer, increased under the same terms
NO3-- N, which still has, promotes The Rhizosphere of Rice N2O is generated and discharge effect, improves NH4+-N level of supply and does not promote water accordingly then
The function and effect of rice rhizosphere N2O discharge.
In addition, crop absorbs by root system and nitration denitrification process competitive utilization available nitrogen, N can be reduced2The generation of O.
Compared with dim light, Qiang Guang, natural light have concurrently at different (1N, 3N) for nitrogen level inhibits The Rhizosphere of Rice N2O discharges effect, former
Inhibit rhizosphere N due to may be conducive to rice absorbing available nitrogen with high light intensity in appropriate range2O discharges effect closely to pass.Separately
Outside, the The Rhizosphere of Rice N2O of low nitrogen (1N) processing discharges 23.21 times (P < 0.05) for being equivalent to denitrogenation processing under low light condition, and
The Rhizosphere of Rice N between denitrogenation and the processing of low nitrogen under Qiang Guang, natural lighting2O discharges difference not significantly (P > 0.05),.It can be seen that
High light intensity promotes rice plants nitrogen to absorb and inhibit rhizosphere N2O discharge effect, it is especially prominent under the conditions of low N supply, it compares
For denitrogenation processing, low nitrogen fertilising equally has control The Rhizosphere of Rice N2The function and effect of O discharge.On the contrary, dim light is unfavorable for rice
Nitrogen is absorbed and utilized in root system, for nitrogen (1N, 3N) to The Rhizosphere of Rice N2The generation of O and discharge effect are remarkably reinforced.Relative to
Denitrogenation processing, low nitrogen fertilising have effectively facilitated the discharge of The Rhizosphere of Rice N2O.
Illumination and amount of nitrogen are to rice phyllosphere N2The regulatory mechanism of O discharge,
For plant shoot N2The Volatilization mechanism of O, the Plant Light Regulation Mechanism mode of the prior art, it is believed that intensity of photosynthesis
C, N are uneven in plant when low, cause NO3-, N2O- accumulation, plant pass through dissimilatory reduction N2O- is endogenously formed N2O.But it tests
Show even if under dim light, high NH4+-N level of supply rice phyllosphere be only capable of volatilization denier N2O, and cultivate and be situated between in this test
Under the conditions of matter has NO3--N, rice phyllosphere N2O row just puts the adjusting of obvious light, nitrogen effect, and C, N imbalance may not be to influence
The unique elements of rice phyllosphere N2O discharge.There is scholar by rice phyllosphere N2O discharge is attributed to rice plant aerating tissue channel effect
Answer mechanism.From this test result, NH4NO3 is increased under different light-operated experimental conditions and has promotion rice root, leaf interface N concurrently2O row
The obvious effect put.This illustrates that rice phyllosphere N2O discharge is really closely related with rhizosphere N2O discharge, and channelling effect should be exactly
Rice phyllosphere N2The main source of O discharge.But it should be noted that the present invention is different for nitrogen level even (figure under the conditions of denitrogenation
2, Fig. 3), dim light is compared, Qiang Guang, natural light have enhancing rice phyllosphere N2O discharges effect；Simultaneously different for nitrogen level
Under the conditions of (1N, 3N), dim light is compared, Qiang Guang, natural light obviously inhibit The Rhizosphere of Rice N2The discharge of O.Obviously, channelling effect machine
System cannot reasonably explain rice phyllosphere N completely2O discharges the response to light, nitrogen, and rice phyllosphere N2O discharge is attributed to completely
Channelling effect, which is one, is worth the problem of discussing.
Plant discharges N2The another way in the source O is that plant is endogenously formed and discharges N2O.Smart and Bloom
Show nitrite reductase (NiR) catalysis reduction N with 15N marker research2O-N is endogenously formed N2O is endogenously formed in plant
With discharge N2The main mechanism of O.According to this theory, low-light, low CO2 concentration are conducive to plant endogenous N2O-N is formed and product
It is tired, N2O discharge is more；Opposite intense light irradiation, high CO2Concentration, N2O discharge is few, or even absorbs N2O, but plant N2The discharge amount of O is not total
It is related to intensity of photosynthesis.In fact, the NR reduction of NO3- is the endogenous NO of plant2Main source.Therefore NR is as photo-induction
Lead enzyme, NO3NR restore to plant N2O discharge also has effect.From this result of study, strong light it is different for nitrogen level (1N,
3N) even have under the conditions of denitrogenation (0N) and promotes rice phyllosphere N2O release effects show strong photoinduction rice NR increased activity
Effect is also beneficial to the endogenous N of rice to a certain extent2O is formed and discharge.Synthesis result can be seen that most Rice Leafs
Border N2O discharge should be mostly derived from channelling effect mechanism, but rice plant NO3-- also there may be certain with discharge for N reduction conversion
Quantity N2O, to rice phyllosphere N2The discharge of O also has certain influence.Obviously, this may be exactly different for nitrogen level (1N, 3N) item
Under part, strong Xanthophyll cycle The Rhizosphere of Rice N2It is synchronous to promote rice phyllosphere N while the discharge of O2The major reason of O discharge.
Due to rice root, leaf interface N2O is mostly derived from NO3-- N rather than NH4+-N, therefore fertilizer nitrogen is with NO3-- the item based on N
Under part, control amount of nitrogen is for controlling rice root, leaf interface N2The discharge of O is particularly important.In addition, experiments have shown that improving light in the daytime
Rice phyllosphere N can not be effectively reduced by force2The release of O, but obviously inhibit different for nitrogen level (1N, 3N) The Rhizosphere of Rice
N2O discharge.And from this test result, rice root, leaf interface N2O discharge are still mainly with rhizosphere N2Based on O discharge, this meaning
Inhibition rhizosphere N2O discharge can reduce N2O total discharge quantity.Low N supply level (30mg L-1, NH4NO3), bloom strength
The rice root of reason, leaf interface N2O discharge is not significant with difference between corresponding denitrogenation processing, this proves that adjustment Nitrogen in Rice form supplies
It should form, moderately increase ammonium nitrogen ratio, 1:1 of the present invention, to reduce the bottom culture medium NO3--N while controlling amount of nitrogen
Object supply, and improvement rice plants illumination condition is combined further to control The Rhizosphere of Rice N2O discharge is rice root, leaf interface N2O
The basic place of emission reduction.
Conclusion is tested in terms of test result of the invention for the increase within the scope of nitrogen with amount of nitrogen, rice root, Ye Jie
Face N2O emission flux increases therewith；Difference compares dim light, Qiang Guang, natural light have inhibition water for (1N, 3N) under the conditions of nitrogen level
Rice rhizosphere N2O discharge effect.
It should be understood that the above above-mentioned technical solution disclosed in this invention, non-to limit it；Although referring to aforementioned
Invention is explained in detail for each embodiment, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to preceding
It states technical solution documented by each embodiment to modify, or some or all of the technical features is equally replaced
It changes；And these are modified or replaceed, the model for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
It encloses, should all cover within the scope of the claims and the description of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of influence Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N2The method of O discharge uses light-operated culture to for examination rice, it is characterized in that including as follows
Method and step, 1) utilize indoor weak light control rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The test of O emission flux；
2) under different illumination conditions different amount of nitrogens to rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The test of O emission flux；With
3) to rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The calculating and statistics that O emission flux carries out；
Indoor weak light control rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N are utilized described in step 1)2O emission flux test be include rice plant handle
And gas sample N2The collection and detection of O.
2. the influence Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N according to claim 12The method of O discharge, it is characterized in that being utilized described in step 1)
Indoor weak light controls rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The test of O emission flux is first to use earth culture method nursery to for examination rice, with water planting
Method culture determines the N of Rice Leaf, rhizosphere by controlling to the different illumination intensity of rice from different amount of nitrogens2O discharge.
3. the influence Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N according to claim 12The method of O discharge, it is characterized in that step 2 is set forth in not
With amount of nitrogens different under the conditions of illumination to rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2The test of O emission flux；It is in Rice Flowering productive phase room
Condition is implemented under dim light, indoor strong light and outdoor natural light；The indoor weak light refers to that intensity of illumination is 0 Lux-4 000
Lux, indoor strong light refer to that intensity of illumination is 0 Lux-8000 Lux；The difference amount of nitrogen is to use NH4NO3As control nitrogen source,
Implement denitrogenation, low nitrogen, high nitrogen three processing in Rice Flowering productive phase, the denitrogenation, low nitrogen, high nitrogen are to control nitrogen content respectively
For 0N, 0 mg/L, 1N, 30 mg/L, 3N, 90 mg/L；Each processing repeats 2-4 times, collects rice and is in rank of blossoming and bearing fruit
The rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N of section2The discharge of O.
4. the influence Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N according to claim 12The method of O discharge, it is characterized in that at the rice plant
Reason is selection rice seedlings uniformity, and the fresh plant weight difference for controlling each rice seedlings is washed with deionized water, dries up in 0-2 g,
It is placed in the culture apparatus by the culture solution of different amount of nitrogens；And under the conditions of not injuring rice plant, to the leaf of rice ground
Border portion and the rhizosphere portion of rice underground part are separated cultivation.
5. the influence Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N according to claim 12The method of O discharge, it is characterized in that step 3) rice phyllosphere
And rhizosphere N2The calculating and statistics of O emission flux are to Rice Leaf, rhizosphere N2O discharge amount is calculated as follows formula calculating:
In formula: F indicates N2O emission flux, μ g m-2 h-1；
ρ is gas density under standard state, N2O, 1.98 kg m-3；
V is inside and outside room effective volume m3；
A is static chamber floor space m2；
Dc/dt is 1 h of joint sealing unit time, gas N in sampling box2The variation nL L of O concentration-1 h-1；
T is sampling box temperature DEG C；
N is detected with the inside and outside room institute gas production sample of experimental rig2O data calculate as a result, respectively indicating rice phyllosphere and rhizosphere N2O
Emission flux；Negative number representation absorbs, and positive number indicates discharge；The average and standard error of all processing are to repeat to count
As a result.
6. a kind of influence Rice Leaf according to claim 1, rhizosphere N2The device of the method for O discharge, including light-operated incubator
System, it is characterized in that the light-operated incubator system includes master trip device and auxiliary device, the master trip device includes interior
Room portion and mistress portion, phyllosphere room and rhizosphere room；Interior room portion is set in mistress portion；Phyllosphere room is set to interior room portion inner cavity, and rhizosphere room is set
In mistress portion inner cavity, phyllosphere room is correspondingly arranged above rhizosphere room；The auxiliary device includes air delivery device and air extractor；Gas transmission
Device includes gasing pump and inside and outside appendix；The air extractor includes aspiration pump and inside and outside exhaust tube.
7. device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the interior room portion and mistress portion of the master trip device are transparent material
Body structure made of expecting, the mistress portion include mistress's cover, rhizosphere room composition, are equipped with exhaust fan in the top of mistress's cover
And illumination lamp, interior room portion and rhizosphere room are set to mistress portion inner cavity, interior room portion is set to rhizosphere by the way that the fixed device of interior room is corresponding
Room top, and rhizosphere room is communicated with the inner cavity in mistress portion；Rice leaf site is in phyllosphere room, and rice root is located at rhizosphere room
It is interior.
8. device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that interior room subordinate end is equipped with through-hole, rice leaf portion is placed in interior
The phyllosphere room of room portion inner cavity, and rice root is then placed in chamber in rhizosphere room through the entrance of interior room subordinate end through-hole；In interior room portion
Exhaust tube one end in connecting on top, the interior exhaust tube other end are connected on aspiration pump outlet end；Between phyllosphere room and rhizosphere room
Through-hole be equipped with sealing ring.
9. device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that one end of the interior appendix of the auxiliary device is connected to interior room
The phyllosphere room lower end in portion, the other end are connected to gasing pump outlet end；One end of outer appendix is connected to the lower end in mistress portion, another
End is similarly coupled on gasing pump outlet end；And one end of interior exhaust tube is connected to the top of the phyllosphere room in interior room portion, the other end
It is connected to the outlet end of aspiration pump；One end of outer exhaust tube is connected to the upper end in mistress portion, and the other end is then similarly coupled to be evacuated
On the outlet end of pump.
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