CN103202196B - Method for quickly raising rice seedlings on upland field with saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for quickly raising rice seedlings on upland field with saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103202196B CN103202196B CN201310090185.5A CN201310090185A CN103202196B CN 103202196 B CN103202196 B CN 103202196B CN 201310090185 A CN201310090185 A CN 201310090185A CN 103202196 B CN103202196 B CN 103202196B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for rice seedlings on upland field, in particular to a method for quickly raising the rice seedlings on the upland field with saline-alkali soil, and solves the technical problems that conventional rice seedling technologies are long in seedling raising period, severely impacted by low-temperature weather conditions, slow in rice seedling growth, prone to getting disease and high in seedling cost. The method includes: (1) soaking seeds; (2) seeding in matched soil; (3) covering with a film for accelerating germination; (4) controlling temperature to raising seedlings; and (5) ventilating and training the seedlings. The method promotes the seeds to germinate early and grow quickly, so that the seedling raising period is shortened, input of chemical agent is saved, saline-alkali resisting capability of rice seedlings is improved, rice seedling cost is greatly reduced, survival rate of transplanting is high, and the method is simple to operate, strong in operability, and applicable to large-scale seedling raising in rice cropping production on the saline-alkali soil and meanwhile applicable to rice seedling cultivation of green rice planting. The method is used for raising the rice seedlings on the upland field with the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field.
Background technology
The song-Nen plain in China northeast large-area soda alkaline land that distributing, people find in the practice of long-term improve soda alkaline land, rice-cultivating is one of the effective ways in biological treating saline land.In recent years, along with continuing to increase that country increases the enforcement of grain plan and agricultural is dropped into, soda alkaline land Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area constantly expands, and the rice yield thereupon manifesting is low, and plantation deficiency in economic performance, lacks the problems such as efficiency cultivation technology for high outstanding day by day.Wherein, the rice in saline-alkali field difficulty of growing seedlings becomes primary problem demanding prompt solution.
Traditional seedling cultivation of rice technology mostly is shed furrow and grows seedlings or coil and grow seedlings, and all belongs to rice seedling on upland field technology.The benefit of the method is that seedling equipment is simple, is convenient to peasant household's independent operation, and simultaneously rice seedling on upland field is conducive to rice shoot root system development, cultivating large seedling strong sprout, is convenient to transplant.But these methods also expose many problems, particularly in salinization of soil area, be difficult to gather such as seedling bed earth, rice seedling growth is slow, and the seedbed phase is long, rice shoot susceptible disease etc.Be summed up, mainly have following several respects problem.
1, seedling bed earth gathers difficulty, and bed mud acid basicity is wayward.Rice seedling is liked the soil environment of slant acidity seedling stage, the pH value of general seedling bed earth requires between 4.5~6.5, this is difficult to collect in salinization of soil area, even if collect soil relatively preferably, also need to carry out acid adjustment processing, because soil itself has larger resiliency, therefore the pH of bed soil is difficult to control, meanwhile, fetch earth to grow seedlings year after year and also easily cause the destruction of ecotope.
2, growing-seedling period is long, and climate environmental influence is larger.The north many low temperature strong wind weather in spring, strong wind is larger to the destructiveness of seedling cultivation of rice booth, often occurs taking off canopy phenomenon, causes the death of whole booth rice shoot, and Low Night Temperature often causes freeze injury simultaneously, and rice seedling is emerged late, and growth is slow, and the seedbed phase was up to 40~50 days conventionally.
3, seedling cost is high, and easily disease occurs.Because growing-seedling period is long, and often meet with chilling injury, the rice seedling incidence of disease in seedling stage is high, and normal large area is broken out the diseases such as damping off, causes rice shoot mortality, has both caused the economic loss of growing seedlings, also for the machine transplanting of rice in later stage brings difficulty.Therefore while growing seedlings, often will admix a large amount of chemical agent in seedbed soil, the paddy seedbed phase of while is long, and rice shoot experience " demulsification phase " requires constantly to apply fertilizer, and carries out seedling bed regulating acid etc., has greatly increased material and the cost of labor of growing seedlings.
Summary of the invention
It is long that the present invention will solve traditional seedling cultivation of rice technology cycle, affected greatly by microthermal climate condition, and seedling growth is slow, susceptible disease, and the technical problem that seedling cost is high, and provide rice in saline-alkali field quick rice seedling on upland field method.
The quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field, specifically completes according to following steps:
One, compound concentration is 1.06g/cm
3~1.18g/cm
3salt solution, seed is put into salt solution and soaks seed, wherein soaking temperature is 36.5 DEG C~38.5 DEG C, seed soaking time is 24h~36h, then rinsing seed 1~2 time, rejects unfilled gtains, impurity and germ kind, obtains seed after treatment;
Two, select acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil mixture as seedbed soil, seedbed is flattened, lining film, on seedbed, cover the seedbed soil that thickness is 5cm~7cm, flatten again compacting, then sow step 1 seed after treatment, every square metre of sowing 0.5kg~0.6kg, earthing 1cm~2cm covers and plants again, compacting;
Three, in step 2 seedbed soil after planting, spray water, make seedbed soil completely moistening, then overlay film, sealing, controlling ambient temperature is 20 DEG C~35 DEG C, humidity is 30%~40%;
Four, take off film after emerging, continuing to control ambient temperature is 20 DEG C~35 DEG C, humidity 30%~40%, and early morning every day Spray irrigation, spray weekly NpK complex fertilizer one time, fertilizing amount is 8g/m
2~10g/m
2;
Five, impose to send and transfer fertilizer before transplanting, every square metre sprays urea 8g~10g, ventilates and practices seedling after 2~3 days, and rice shoot grows to 2 leaf 1 hearts, and the high 8cm~12cm of rice shoot, transplants, and completes the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The quick rice seedling on upland field technology of rice in saline-alkali field of the present invention, rice transplanting survival rate can reach 100%, and conventional seedbed system will repeatedly be mended the survival rate that cultivation just can reach after transplanting, and adopts quick rice seedling on upland field method disposablely to realize.Significantly reduced seedling raise period and seedling cost, the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field of the present invention has the following advantages simultaneously:
1, the seed soaking of sorting seed by salt water, can remove the germ investing on seed on the one hand, reduce the generation of seedbed disease, screen on the other hand full, the seed seedling-raising that maturity is high, is conducive to cultivate seedlings strong sprouts, makes rice shoot adapt in advance saline and alkaline adverse circumstance, improve the Salt And Alkali Tolerance ability of rice shoot, can greatly improve transplanting survival rate.
2, adopt turfy soil as seedling bed earth, solved the problem that bed mud acid degree is difficult to regulation and control, there is the effect of fertilizer conservation water conservation simultaneously, utilize growth of seedling, bed soil enters Honda in the time of shoot transplanting equipment, has increased the alkaline land soil content of organic matter, and the improvement that is conducive to Honda is fostered and apply fertilizer.
3, overlay film temperature control is grown seedlings, can reduce the impact of Climate of Chilling Damage, promote that seed sprouting is fast, emerge neat, ramp after emerging, shortens growing-seedling period greatly, reduce the generation of seedbed disease, also reduced the expense of labor management, owing to not using chemical agent, the rice shoot of cultivation to be particularly suitable for green rice cultivation in seedling raising process simultaneously.
After 2 weeks, grow to 2 leaf 1 hearts according to seedling growth of the present invention, height of seedling 7cm~8cm, and the rice shoot that common seedling method is cultivated is only 1 leaf, height of seedling deficiency 5cm, the rice seedling that the technology of the present invention is cultivated can be transplanted 15~20 days by more conventional rice seedling on upland field in advance, and transplanting survival rate can reach more than 95%.
The rice seedling incidence of disease of cultivating according to the present invention is 0 time, and common rice seedling on upland field is before sowing chemicals treatment soil, and the whole seedbed phase need be sprayed acidifying water 3~5 times, sprays vertical withered clean class medicament 2~3 times, could control the generation of rice shoot damping off.
The quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field of the present invention in sum, rice in saline-alkali field transplanting survival rate is significantly improved, shorten growing-seedling period, reduce seedling cost, have significant economic benefit, seedling-cultivating method of the present invention is workable, simple and easy to do, cost is low, produces and has important directive significance and promotional value for rice in saline-alkali field.
The present invention is for the quick rice seedling on upland field of rice in saline-alkali field.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to following cited embodiment, also comprises any combination between each embodiment.
Embodiment one: the quick rice seedling on upland field method of present embodiment rice in saline-alkali field, specifically completes according to following steps:
One, compound concentration is 1.06g/cm
3~1.18g/cm
3salt solution, seed is put into salt solution and soaks seed, wherein soaking temperature is 36.5 DEG C~38.5 DEG C, seed soaking time is 24h~36h, then rinsing seed 1~2 time, rejects unfilled gtains, impurity and germ kind, obtains seed after treatment;
Two, select acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil mixture as seedbed soil, seedbed is flattened, lining film, on seedbed, cover the seedbed soil that thickness is 5cm~7cm, flatten again compacting, then sow step 1 seed after treatment, every square metre of sowing 0.5kg~0.6kg, earthing 1cm~2cm covers and plants again, compacting;
Three, in step 2 seedbed soil after planting, spray water, make seedbed soil completely moistening, then overlay film, sealing, controlling ambient temperature is 20 DEG C~35 DEG C, humidity is 30%~40%;
Four, take off film after emerging, continuing to control ambient temperature is 20 DEG C~35 DEG C, humidity 30%~40%, and early morning every day Spray irrigation, spray weekly NpK complex fertilizer one time, fertilizing amount is 8g/m
2~10g/m
2;
Five, impose to send and transfer fertilizer before transplanting, every square metre sprays urea 8g~10g, ventilates and practices seedling after 2~3 days, and rice shoot grows to 2 leaf 1 hearts, and the high 8cm~12cm of rice shoot, transplants, and completes the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field.
The quick rice seedling on upland field technology of rice in saline-alkali field of present embodiment, rice transplanting survival rate can reach 100%, and conventional seedbed system will repeatedly be mended the survival rate that cultivation just can reach after transplanting, and adopts quick rice seedling on upland field method disposablely to realize.Significantly reduced seedling raise period and seedling cost, the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field of the present invention has the following advantages simultaneously:
1, the seed soaking of sorting seed by salt water, can remove the germ investing on seed on the one hand, reduce the generation of seedbed disease, screen on the other hand full, the seed seedling-raising that maturity is high, is conducive to cultivate seedlings strong sprouts, makes rice shoot adapt in advance saline and alkaline adverse circumstance, improve the Salt And Alkali Tolerance ability of rice shoot, can greatly improve transplanting survival rate.
2, adopt turfy soil as seedling bed earth, solved the problem that bed mud acid degree is difficult to regulation and control, there is the effect of fertilizer conservation water conservation simultaneously, utilize growth of seedling, bed soil enters Honda in the time of shoot transplanting equipment, has increased the alkaline land soil content of organic matter, and the improvement that is conducive to Honda is fostered and apply fertilizer.
3, overlay film temperature control is grown seedlings, can reduce the impact of Climate of Chilling Damage, promote that seed sprouting is fast, emerge neat, ramp after emerging, shortens growing-seedling period greatly, reduce the generation of seedbed disease, also reduced the expense of labor management, owing to not using chemical agent, the rice shoot of cultivation to be particularly suitable for green rice cultivation in seedling raising process simultaneously.
After 2 weeks, grow to 2 leaf 1 hearts according to present embodiment seedling growth, height of seedling 7cm~8cm, and the rice shoot that common seedling method is cultivated is only 1 leaf, height of seedling deficiency 5cm, the rice seedling that present embodiment is cultivated can be transplanted 15~20 days by more conventional rice seedling on upland field in advance, and transplanting survival rate can reach more than 95%.
The rice seedling incidence of disease of cultivating according to present embodiment is 0 time, and common rice seedling on upland field is before sowing chemicals treatment soil, and the whole seedbed phase need be sprayed acidifying water 3~5 times, sprays vertical withered clean class medicament 2~3 times, could control the generation of rice shoot damping off.
The quick rice seedling on upland field technology of the rice in saline-alkali field of present embodiment in sum, rice in saline-alkali field transplanting survival rate is significantly improved, shorten growing-seedling period, reduce seedling cost, have significant economic benefit, the seedling-cultivating method of present embodiment is workable, simple and easy to do, cost is low, produces and has important directive significance and promotional value for rice in saline-alkali field.
Embodiment two: present embodiment is different from embodiment one: in step 1, brine strength is 1.17g/cm
3.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is different from embodiment one or two: in step 1, soaking temperature is 37.5 DEG C.Other is identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: present embodiment is different from one of embodiment one to three: in step 2, acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil are 1:1 mixture according to mass ratio.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five: present embodiment is different from one of embodiment one to four: cover the seedbed soil that thickness is 5.5cm~6.5cm in step 2 on seedbed.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to four.
Embodiment six: present embodiment is different from one of embodiment one to five: controlling ambient temperature in step 3 is 25 DEG C~32 DEG C, and humidity is 32%~38%.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to five.
Embodiment seven: present embodiment is different from one of embodiment one to six: in step 4, ambient temperature processed is 25 DEG C~32 DEG C, and humidity is 32%~38%.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to six.
Embodiment eight: present embodiment is different from embodiment one: send in step 5 and transfer fertilizer for NpK complex fertilizer.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Adopt following examples to verify beneficial effect of the present invention:
Embodiment mono-:
The quick rice seedling on upland field method of the present embodiment rice in saline-alkali field, specifically completes according to following steps:
One, compound concentration is 1.17g/cm
3salt solution, seed is put into salt solution and soaks seed, wherein soaking temperature is 37.5 DEG C, seed soaking time is 36h, then rinsing seed 2 times, rejects unfilled gtains, impurity and germ kind, obtains seed after treatment;
Two, select acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil mixture as seedbed soil, by seedbed leveling, lining film, on seedbed, cover the seedbed soil that thickness is 5cm, then flatten compacting, then sow step 1 seed after treatment, every square metre of sowing 0.5kg, then earthing 2cm lid kind, compacting; Wherein, acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil are 1:1 mixture according to mass ratio;
Three, in step 2 seedbed soil after planting, spray water, make seedbed soil completely moistening, then overlay film, sealing, controlling ambient temperature is 32 DEG C, humidity is 40%;
Four, take off film after emerging, continuing to control ambient temperature is 32 DEG C, humidity 40%, and early morning every day Spray irrigation, spray weekly NpK complex fertilizer one time, fertilizing amount is 10g/m
2;
Five, impose to send and transfer fertilizer before transplanting, every square metre sprays urea 8g, ventilates and practices seedling after 3 days, and rice shoot grows to 2 leaf 1 hearts, and the high 8cm of rice shoot, transplants, and completes the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field.
After 2 weeks, grow to 2 leaf 1 hearts according to the present embodiment seedling growth, height of seedling 8cm, and the rice shoot that common seedling method is cultivated is only 1 leaf, height of seedling deficiency 5cm, the rice seedling that the technology of the present invention is cultivated can be transplanted 15~20 days by more conventional rice seedling on upland field in advance, and transplanting survival rate can reach more than 95%.
The rice seedling incidence of disease of cultivating according to the present embodiment is 0 time, and common rice seedling on upland field is before sowing chemicals treatment soil, and the whole seedbed phase need be sprayed acidifying water 3~5 times, sprays vertical withered clean class medicament 2~3 times, could control the generation of rice shoot damping off.
Claims (7)
1. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field, is characterized in that the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field, specifically completes according to following steps:
One, compound concentration is 1.06g/cm
3~1.18g/cm
3salt solution, seed is put into salt solution and soaks seed, wherein soaking temperature is 36.5 DEG C~38.5 DEG C, seed soaking time is 24h~36h, then rinsing seed 1~2 time, rejects unfilled gtains, impurity and germ kind, obtains seed after treatment;
Two, select acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil mixture as seedbed soil, seedbed is flattened, lining film, on seedbed, cover the seedbed soil that thickness is 5cm~7cm, flatten again compacting, then sow step 1 seed after treatment, every square metre of sowing 0.5kg~0.6kg, earthing 1cm~2cm covers and plants again, compacting;
Three, in step 2 seedbed soil after planting, spray water, make seedbed soil completely moistening, then overlay film, sealing, controlling ambient temperature is 20 DEG C~35 DEG C, humidity is 30%~40%;
Four, take off film after emerging, continuing to control ambient temperature is 20 DEG C~35 DEG C, humidity 30%~40%, and early morning every day Spray irrigation, spray weekly NpK complex fertilizer one time, fertilizing amount is 8g/m
2~10g/m
2;
Five, impose to send and transfer fertilizer before transplanting, every square metre sprays urea 8g~10g, ventilates and practices seedling after 2~3 days, and rice shoot grows to 2 leaf 1 hearts, and the high 8cm~12cm of rice shoot, transplants, and completes the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field;
Wherein, in step 2, acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil are 1: 1 mixture according to mass ratio.
2. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step 1, brine strength is 1.17g/cm
3.
3. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 2, is characterized in that in step 1, soaking temperature is 37.5 DEG C.
4. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 3, is characterized in that on seedbed, covering in step 2 the seedbed soil that thickness is 5.5cm~6.5cm.
5. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 4, is characterized in that in step 3, controlling ambient temperature is 25 DEG C~32 DEG C, and humidity is 32%~38%.
6. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 5, is characterized in that in step 4, ambient temperature processed is 25 DEG C~32 DEG C, and humidity is 32%~38%.
7. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 1, is characterized in that sending and transferring fertilizer for NpK complex fertilizer in step 5.
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Families Citing this family (14)
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CN103704082B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-09-09 | 宁夏农林科学院 | A kind of giant sprinkler rice cultivation method |
CN104628487A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-20 | 新疆恒丰现代农业科技股份有限公司 | Saline-alkali resistant drip irrigation liquid fertilizer for seedling transplantation and application method of fertilizer |
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CN105493948A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-20 | 郎溪县新发镇华兵农作物种植家庭农场 | Nutrient soil for rice seedling growing |
CN105900758B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2019-05-14 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of method of desert planting rice |
CN105993751A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Cold region paddy rice seedling dry nursery method |
CN106376266A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Improving method for saline-alkali soil |
CN107347535A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-17 | 金寨县人海农业开发有限公司 | One kind crushes rice husk rice seedling on upland field technology using the new matrix of rice |
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CN109438102A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-03-08 | 北京三聚绿能科技有限公司 | A kind of raising rice seedlings set meal fertilizer and its fertilizing method |
CN111820090A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-27 | 上海北禾水土环保科技有限公司 | Alkali soil seedbed management method |
CN110558179B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-09-17 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil |
CN112740869A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-05-04 | 北京碧青园生态环境科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating rice seedlings on severe saline-alkali soil |
CN113854074B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-03-17 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil through mechanical throwing |
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