CN109496733A - A kind of silicon element split application method reducing rice grain cadmium content under high concentration cadmium pollution - Google Patents
A kind of silicon element split application method reducing rice grain cadmium content under high concentration cadmium pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496733A CN109496733A CN201811301576.6A CN201811301576A CN109496733A CN 109496733 A CN109496733 A CN 109496733A CN 201811301576 A CN201811301576 A CN 201811301576A CN 109496733 A CN109496733 A CN 109496733A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural product Heavy Metal Pollution technical fields, disclose a kind of silicon element split application method for reducing rice grain cadmium content under high concentration cadmium pollution.Method includes the following steps: applying soluble silicate respectively in transplanting time and jointing stage, the total amount for the soluble silicate that transplanting time and jointing stage apply is no less than 163kg/hm in high concentration cadmium pollution rice field2(with effective component SiO2Meter).Compared with not applying siliceous fertilizer, transplanting time can effectively reduce cadmium content in rice with jointing stage difference silicon element application rate, and the yield for respectively applying silicon processing increases；When the silicon element application rate of transplanting time and jointing stage are 50%:50% and 30%:70%, what cadmium content declined in polished rice is especially pronounced, the range of decrease has respectively reached 36.3% and 35.0% compared with the control for not applying siliceous fertilizer, its yield also dramatically increases, and increasing degree has respectively reached 28.6%, 26.5% compared with the control.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural product Heavy Metal Pollution technical field, in particular under a kind of reduction high concentration cadmium pollution
The silicon element split application method of rice grain cadmium content.
Background technique
With the fast development of industrial or agricultural, Sichuan problem is got worse, and heavy metal pollution is main arable land
One of pollution.The growth and development that agricultural land soil once can not only be harmed the crops by heavy metal pollution, and then influence crop
Yield and quality, and human health is jeopardized by food chain, to bring safety problem to grain-production.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is used as the main crops in China, because of the discharge beyond standards of " three industrial wastes ", sewage
Irrigation and chemical fertilizer, pesticide and the use of agricultural film etc., are discharged into a large amount of cadmium in paddy field, wherein 1.3 ten thousand hm2Arable land is by cadmium dirt
Dye, causes rice Cd over-standard phenomenon to happen occasionally, security issues become increasingly urgent.Therefore, for current paddy field cadmium pollution
Situation selects the agronomic measures for the low cost easily implemented and easily received for peasant household to seem especially urgent to reduce Cd accumulation in rice
It cuts.
The previous modifying agent suitable by paddy field moisture regulation, application, adjusts soil pH and regulation Soil oxidation at organic acid
The approach such as reducing condition control rice Cd accumulation.However it is also produced while controlling rice Cd accumulation by these approach big
Inevitable side effect is measured, for example liming improves soil pH, also reduces while reducing effective cadmium content of soil
The bio-available Zn concentration of a variety of mineral micronutrient elements such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc etc., thus unfavorable paddy growth.In addition, also having
Upgrading is carried out to heavy-metal contaminated soil with Bio-Nano-Materials, and attempts the direct application in agriculture environmental protection.
Up to the present, it still can be widely applied to the agronomic technique of control rice Cd accumulation in production without one.Thus, open up one
The new agronomic measures for not only having no adverse effect to Rice Production but also rice Cd accumulation can be effectively controlled seem very urgent.
Silicon is the important nutrient of paddy growth, close to the demand of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, occupies the 4th.Existing research table
Bright: siliceous fertilizer not only can increase rice yield, improve rice quality, moreover it is possible to enhance rice and resist pest and disease damage dip dyeing, improve Rice Resistance
Belong to the ability of the adverse circumstances such as stress, drought resisting again.In recent years, the application of siliceous fertilizer or Silicon-rich modifying agent has become Cd-polluted farmland rice peace
The important technique measure produced entirely.
On siliceous fertilizer application technique, it is that siliceous fertilizer is disposably applied and (be sprinkled into) rice field as base manure mostly, also has silicon
Fertilizer is sprayed before heading or after heading as foliar fertilizer.However, studies have found that, different growing (before transplanting, tillering stage, is pulled out
Section phase, heading stage) influence difference of the silicon to each organ Cd accumulation of rice is applied, the jointing stage applies silicon to be had to rice Cadmium accumulation is mitigated
Preferable effect.Also some researches show that individually once spraying before tillering stage, heading stage and after heading, siliceous fertilizer is to rice cadmium dense to be crossed
Control effect is poor, and sprays within 10 days siliceous fertilizer in two times after 5 days and heading before heading and have very well to the reduction of Cd concentration of brown rice
Effect.Furthermore different growing Applying silicon fertilizer is obvious to rice yield and its silicon element absorption efficiency difference, studies have found that reproduction
Growth period applies silicon and is remarkably improved rice grain yield, improves Photosynthetic Efficiency.However different bearing during related paddy growth
In terms of influence of the phase silicon element split application ratio to Cd concentration of brown rice, detailed open report yet there are no.Thus lacking reduces rice
The silicon element optimal application phase of cadmium content and application rate in rice.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art described above, the primary purpose of the present invention is that providing one kind in high concentration
In the soil of cadmium pollution, can be greatly lowered polished rice cadmium content and significantly improve rice yield in the rice transplanting phase and
The method of jointing stage split application silicon element.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by following proposal:
A kind of silicon element split application method reducing rice grain cadmium content under high concentration cadmium pollution comprising following step
It is rapid: in high concentration cadmium pollution rice field, to apply soluble silicate respectively in rice transplanting phase and jointing stage and (refer mainly to water solubility
Silicate) fertilizer, transplanting time and the jointing stage application soluble silicate total amount be no less than 163kg/hm2(with silicic acid
Salt SiO containing effective component2Meter)；
Preferably, the total amount of the transplanting time and the soluble silicate of jointing stage application is 163kg/hm2(with silicic acid
Salt SiO containing effective component2Meter), when silicate dosage be greater than 163kg/hm2When, purchase cost can be increased.
The dosage of the fertilizer of the transplanting time and the soluble silicate of jointing stage application meets: transplanting time and jointing stage
The mass ratio for the soluble silicate applied respectively is 50%~30%:50%~70%；
Preferably, the dosage of the transplanting time and the soluble silicate of jointing stage application meets: transplanting time and jointing
The mass ratio for the soluble silicate that phase applies respectively is 50%:50% or 30%:70%, further preferably 50%:50%；
The high concentration cadmium pollution rice field refers to that soil cadmium concentration is apparently higher than standard of soil environment quality (GB15618-
1995) III class soil environment quality as defined in executes the rice field of the limit standard (Cd≤1mg/kg) in grade III Standard；
Preferably, the high concentration cadmium pollution rice field refers to that soil cadmium concentration is the rice field of 100mg/kg, and soil Cd is dense
100mg/kg is spent, the limit standard (Cd in the execution grade III Standard of III class soil environment quality as defined in GB15618-1995 is reached
≤ 1mg/kg) 100 times or more.
The method of administration of the soluble silicate fertilizer are as follows: transplanting time and jointing stage in paddy growth are being applied
Before soluble silicate fertilizer, paddy soil is poured into the water layer that a layer thickness is 1~2cm, then in fine day or under the cloudy day
The fertilizer of soluble silicate is uniformly sprinkled into the rice field poured water by the noon, pours 1~2cm again after the water in rice field falls naturally and does
Water layer.
When jointing stage broadcast application, when finding that soluble silicate is fallen on rice strain blade, it can gently be swept with bamboo pole and sweep water
Rice upper blade, entirely falls in silicate in paddy field.It is easy to operate for the ease of broadcast application in production, preferably applying per acre every time
Siliceous fertilizer in blending 1.5~2.0 times thin mud sandy soil mix after spread fertilizer over the fields.
The fertilizer of the transplanting time application soluble silicate refers to that the fertilizer for first applying soluble silicate is transplanted again
Rice seedling.
The present invention compared with the existing technology, have the following advantages and the utility model has the advantages that
(1) in high concentration cadmium pollution soil, compared with not applying siliceous fertilizer (CK), rice transplanting phase and the application of jointing stage silicon element
Different ratios can effectively reduce cadmium content in rice, and the yield for respectively applying silicon processing increases；
(2) in high concentration cadmium pollution soil, the silicon element application rate of transplanting time and jointing stage be 50% ︰ 50% and
When 30% ︰ 70%, cadmium content than low under other silicon element application rates, also apply than other silicon element by yield in polished rice
Wanting under ratio is high；
(3) in high concentration cadmium pollution soil, the silicon element application rate of transplanting time and jointing stage are 50% ︰, 50% He
When 30% ︰ 70%, cadmium content declines especially pronounced in polished rice, and the range of decrease respectively reaches compared with the control group (CK) for not applying silicon
36.3% and 35.0%, yield also dramatically increases, and increasing degree respectively reaches compared with the control group (CK) for not applying silicon
28.6%, 26.5%.
(4) the Rice Silica element split application method of the invention under high concentration cadmium pollution not only has science, but also has
There is the operability of production.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Agents useful for same can routinely be bought unless otherwise specified from market in embodiment.
Embodiment 1: potting earth culture test
The soil of basin pot culture training contains from Agricultural University Of South China's paddy field topsoil of the farm without cadmium pollution in the school
Organic matter 24.74g/kg, full nitrogen 1.052g/kg, full phosphorus 1.385g/kg, full potassium 22.04g/kg.With dark colored plastic basin (bottom diameter
20cm × bore 28cm × high 17cm) soil that 5kg is mixed is filled, by manually adding external source caddy (CdCl2) mix formation
(soil cadmium concentration is 100mg/kg to the high concentration cadmium pollution soil that soil cadmium concentration is 100mg/kg, is soil environment quality mark
III class soil environment quality as defined in quasi- (GB15618-1995) executes 100 times or more of limit standard in grade III Standard), Yu Shui
It soaks in water within 10 days before rice seedlings transplantation of seedlings.To prevent cadmium contaminants by washed away by rainfall, entire breeding time in solarium's greenhouse into
Row, solarium are kept off the rain at top with plastic foil.
The rice varieties that test is selected are Huang Huazhan, are provided by Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences's rice.Select full seed
With w (H2O2) 10% 1~2h of disinfection, then cleaned 3~4 times with clear water, seed is dipped in clear water and is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and big Tanaka is seeded in,
It is managed according to local seedling raising method.When rice seedling grows to three leaves wholeheartedly, selects the consistent seedling of growing way and is transplanted,
Every basin plants 3 caves, 1 plant of every cave.Every basin applies urea 3.0g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1.0g as base manure, other management measures before transplanting
It is produced with large area almost the same.
Always applying silicon total amount (163kg/hm2, with effective component SiO2Meter) it is constant on the basis of, provided with transplanting time with pull out
Silicon element (potassium silicate, K of 5 kinds of ratios of section phase2SiO3·5H2O) application is handled, and is that base applies silicon plain (100%:0%) (transplanting respectively
The silicon quality amount applied in preceding basin is apply silicon total amount 100%), base manure and jointing stage silicon element 7:3 split application (70%:30%)
(mass ratio for the silicon element applied before transplanting and in jointing stage basin is 70%:30%), base manure and jointing stage silicon element 5:5 split application
(50%:50%) (mass ratio for the silicon element applied before transplanting and in jointing stage basin is 50%:50%), base manure and jointing stage silicon element
3:7 split application (30%:70%) (mass ratio for the silicon element applied before transplanting and in jointing stage basin is 30%:70%), jointing
It is plain (0%:100%) (the silicon quality amount applied in jointing stage basin is apply silicon total amount 100%) that phase applies silicon；Not apply silicon (CK)
For control.15 basins are planted in each processing, totally 90 basin.During entire test, basin alms bowl is placed in glasshouse, and the soil in basin begins
It is in 1~2cm thin water layer waterflooding state eventually.Every basin applies the potassium silicate that silicon total amount is 10mmol, with effective component SiO2It calculates
As 0.6g SiO2, being converted into per hectare is then 163kg, per acre the about SiO of 11kg2。
In the transplanting time of above-mentioned design and 5 kinds of siliceous fertilizer application rates of jointing stage split application, soluble silicon is applied every time
Before hydrochlorate, soil in basin is poured into a thin layer water (about 1~2cm), in fine or cloudy afternoon by soluble silicate
It is equably sprinkled into the basin poured water, pours 1~2cm pellicular water again after the water in basin falls naturally and does.
In rice maturity, the root, stem, leaf, four part of fringe of every basin rice of each processing are harvested, cleans rice with tap water
Root system, then entire rice plant is cleaned with pure water, plant surface moisture is blotted with blotting paper, is placed in 105 DEG C of baking ovens and finishes
30min, then be transferred to 80 DEG C drying to constant weight, it weighs, calculates the Biomass and yield of each organ of rice.Then the omnipotent powder of high speed is used
Broken machine grinds cross 147 μm (100 mesh) sieves, are loaded in sealed bag and are used for heavy metal Cadmium detrmination.
Further prove that rice precision under high concentration cadmium pollution can be greatly reduced in the present embodiment below by the mode of list
Cadmium content in rice, rice yield are also obviously improved.Table 1 is (soil cadmium concentration is 100mg/kg) silicon under high concentration cadmium pollution
The comparison with rice (Huang Huazhan) each organ cadmium content (mg/kg) that element is applied by stages in transplanting time and jointing stage；Table 2 is high concentration
(soil cadmium concentration is 100mg/kg) silicon element is in transplanting time and the rice of jointing stage split application (Huang Huazhan) biology under cadmium pollution
The comparison of amount and yield (g/ basin).Data are that (soil cadmium concentration is 100mg/ in the soil of simulation high concentration cadmium pollution in table
Kg it) is obtained under conditions of rice cultivation, the Fertilization Level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and local large area production are consistent, and water management is arranged
It applies and is carried out by Rice Production conventional method, planting process is carried out in ventilated glasshouse.
The use that (soil cadmium concentration is 100mg/kg) silicon element is applied by stages in transplanting time and jointing stage under 1 high concentration cadmium pollution of table
The comparison of each organ cadmium content (mg/kg) of rice (Huang Huazhan)
Note: the different letters of same row indicate the comparison of cadmium content between different disposal, P < 0.05 in table.100%:0%, base
Apply silicon element；70%:30%, base manure and jointing stage silicon element 7:3 split application；50%:50%, base manure and jointing stage silicon element 5:5 point
Phase application；30%:70%, base manure and jointing stage silicon element 3:7 are by stages；0%:100% imposes silicon element.
(soil cadmium concentration is 100mg/kg) silicon element is in transplanting time and jointing stage split application under 2 high concentration cadmium pollution of table
The comparison of rice (Huang Huazhan) Biomass and yield (g/ basin)
Note: the different letters of same row indicate the comparison of cadmium content between different disposal, P < 0.05 in table.100%:0%, base
Apply silicon element；70%:30%, base manure and jointing stage silicon element 7:3 split application；50%:50%, base manure and jointing stage silicon element 5:5 point
Phase application；30%:70%, base manure and jointing stage silicon element 3:7 are by stages；0%:100% imposes silicon element.
Known to being analyzed to Tables 1 and 2: (1) in high concentration cadmium pollution soil, compared with not applying siliceous fertilizer (CK), water
Rice transplanting time can effectively reduce cadmium content in rice with jointing stage difference silicon element application rate, and the yield for respectively applying silicon processing has
It is improved；(2) in high concentration cadmium pollution soil, the silicon element application rate of transplanting time and jointing stage be 50%:50% and
When 30%:70%, for cadmium content than low under other silicon element application rate, yield also applies ratio than other silicon element in polished rice
Wanting under rate is high；(3) in high concentration cadmium pollution soil, the silicon element application rate of transplanting time and jointing stage be 50%:50% and
When 30%:70%, cadmium content declines especially pronounced in polished rice, and the range of decrease respectively reaches compared with the control group (CK) for not applying silicon
36.3% and 35.0%, yield also dramatically increases, and increasing degree respectively reaches compared with the control group (CK) for not applying silicon
28.6%, 26.5%.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. it is a kind of reduce high concentration cadmium pollution under rice grain cadmium content silicon element split application method, it is characterised in that including with
Lower step: in high concentration cadmium pollution rice field, the fertilizer of soluble silicate, transplanting time are applied respectively in transplanting time and jointing stage
Total amount with the soluble silicate of jointing stage application is with silicate SiO containing effective component2Meter be no less than 163kg/hm2。
2. the silicon element split application method according to claim 1 for reducing rice grain cadmium content under high concentration cadmium pollution,
It is characterized by:
The total amount of the transplanting time and the soluble silicate of jointing stage application is with silicate SiO containing effective component2Amount be calculated as
163kg/hm2。
3. the silicon element split application method according to claim 1 for reducing rice grain cadmium content under high concentration cadmium pollution,
It is characterized by:
The dosage of the fertilizer of the transplanting time and the soluble silicate of jointing stage application meets: transplanting time and jointing stage difference
The mass ratio of the soluble silicate of application is 50%~30%:50%~70%.
4. the silicon element split application method according to claim 1 for reducing rice grain cadmium content under high concentration cadmium pollution,
It is characterized by:
The dosage of the transplanting time and the soluble silicon salt of jointing stage application meets: what transplanting time and jointing stage applied respectively can
The mass ratio of soluble silicate is 50%:50% or 30%:70%.
5. the silicon element split application method according to claim 1 for reducing rice grain cadmium content under high concentration cadmium pollution,
It is characterized by:
The high concentration refers to that Cadmium in Soil content concn is higher than III class soil ring as defined in GB15618-1995 every pollution rice field
Border quality executes the rice field of the limit standard in grade III Standard.
6. the silicon element split application method according to claim 1 for reducing rice grain cadmium content under high concentration cadmium pollution,
It is characterized by:
The high concentration refers to that Cadmium in Soil content concn is the rice field of 100mg/kg every pollution rice field.
7. the silicon element split application method according to claim 1 for reducing rice grain cadmium content under high concentration cadmium pollution,
It is characterized by:
The method of administration of the soluble silicate are as follows: transplanting time and jointing stage in paddy growth, in application soluble silicon
Before hydrochlorate fertilizer, paddy soil is poured into the water layer that a layer thickness is 1~2cm, it then will be solvable in the afternoon of fine day or cloudy day
Property silicate fertilizer be equably sprinkled into the rice field poured water, after the water in rice field fall naturally it is dry after ponding depths 1-2cm again water
Layer.
8. the silicon element split application method according to claim 7 for reducing rice grain cadmium content under high concentration cadmium pollution,
It is characterized by:
The application of the soluble silicate fertilizer refers to the thin mud of 1.5~2.0 times of the incorporation in soluble silicate fertilizer
Sandy soil are spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing.
9. the silicon element split application method according to claim 1 for reducing rice grain cadmium content under high concentration cadmium pollution,
It is characterized by:
The fertilizer of the described transplanting time application soluble silicate, which refers to, first applies the fertilizer of soluble silicate transplanting rice again
Rice shoot.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111362741A (en) * | 2020-03-21 | 2020-07-03 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Fertilizer for reducing cadmium content in brown rice and application method thereof |
| CN112369296A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-19 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Cultivation management method for improving photosynthesis of flue-cured tobacco seedlings under lead and cadmium stress |
| CN112616835A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-09 | 陈浩 | Compound cadmium reduction preparation and application thereof in reducing content of heavy metal cadmium in rice and wheat grains |
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Application publication date: 20190322 |
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