CN104206223B - A kind of cultivation method of blueberry - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cultivation method of blueberry, belong to planting technology field.This invention specifically comprises the following steps: field is selected: select soil open, the sandy loam matter that drainage performance is good; Field is transformed: soil deep ploughing digged before blueberry plantation, soil is improved by Cosan, and P in soil H value is 3.5 ~ 5.0, and ridge platform width is 5.0 meters ~ 5.5 meters, and platform both sides, ridge are respectively arranged with drain ditch; Seeding planting: ridge, field platform excavates planting pit, 6 centimetres ~ 8 cm thick bases are spread fertile in planting pit, basis fertilizer is spread the dirt bed of 1.5 centimetres ~ 2.0 cm thicks, be vertically placed on by blueberry seedling on the dirt bed in planting pit, annual blueberry seedling and 3 years raw blueberry seedlings intert plants; Management after planting: comprise the steps such as fertilising, pruning, irrigation, weeding and diseases prevention.Present invention achieves the mass of blueberry, standardization plantation, ensure that the quality and yield of blueberry, improve economic benefit, meet the needs of plantation.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of blueberry

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method, especially a kind of cultivation method of blueberry, belongs to planting technology field.

Background technology

Blueberry is also known as blueberry, belong to Ericaceae, originate from North America, perennial shrub small berries fruit tree, containing abundant nutrient component in Blueberry, have and prevent cerebral nerve aging, cardiac stimulant, anticancer, softening blood vessel, strengthen the functions such as human organism's immunity, because blueberry is rich in anthocyan, there is activation retina effect, eyesight can be strengthened, prevent eyeball tired and enjoy and gaze at, one of five large healthy fruit of the World Food Programme's recommendation, blueberry pulp is fine and smooth, unique flavor, moderately sour and sweet, there is fragrant refreshing pleasant fragrance, such as protein in blueberry, the conventional nutrients content of vitamin etc. is very abundant, blueberry effectively can reduce cholesterol, atherosclerosis, promote cardiovascular health, there is enhancing cardiac function, pre-anti-cancer and cardiopathic effect, cerebral nerve can be prevented old and feeble, strengthen mental, eyesight can be strengthened, alleviate eyeball fatigue, general cold can also be treated, have sore throat and the disease such as diarrhoea.The cultivation of blueberry about has last 100 years history, the U.S. has carried out artificial cultivation at first, after the U.S., multiple country waits also competitively introducing and planting, the blueberry research and cultivation work with national characteristic has been carried out according to the climatic characteristic of oneself country and resources advantage, the research of China to blueberry starts from upper world eighties, carry out the work of blueberry introducing and planting, large quantity research has been done to blueberry cultivation technology, soil melioration work, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing plant institute introduces a fine variety blueberry from the U.S. and carries out cultivation research, and filters out the improved seeds of applicable south China regional culture.Existing blueberry is in planting process, soil is needed to improve, the enable plantation needs meeting blueberry of acid-base value of adjustment soil, soil melioration is very important link in the cultivation work of blueberry, existing blueberry in the course of cultivation, often have and cause blueberry seedling to produce situations such as burning root with improper fertilization, and due to the inadequate precise specifications of existing blueberry cultivation method, cause blueberry in field planting process, often can produce slow survival rate of taking root low, cultivation period is long, cause the Yield compari@of blueberry low, reduce economic benefit, seriously hinder the sustainable development of blueberry, the needs of plantation can not be met.

Application number be 201010555784.6 patent of invention provide a kind of northern blueberry-growing method, it comprises Fruit variety and seedling-wood breeding, the collection comprising cutting of breeding of nursery stock is hidden with husky, cuttage, plantation density, wholely, plant, underground manages, the extermination of disease and insect pest, prune, the step such as to survive the winter cold-proof, but in blueberry cultivation process, the accurate improvement of acid-base value is carried out in the field of not planted by blueberry, the normal growth of blueberry can be affected, nutritive cube is utilized to carry out in the process of cuttage at blueberry, survival rate is low, economic benefit can not be guaranteed, the domestic blueberry in south plantation is fewer at present, general is all based on import, market is badly in need of a kind of method of applicable south plantation blueberry.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention overcomes above-mentioned deficiency existing in prior art, and provide a kind of standardization blueberry cultivation method can guaranteeing blueberry quality and yield.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A cultivation method for blueberry, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) field is selected: select soil open, the sandy loam matter that drainage performance is good, loosing soil, ventilation is good, the level land that physical features is milder or ground, gentle slope, and the gradient on ground, gentle slope is less than 10 degree;

(2) field transformation: soil deep ploughing digged for first 4 ~ 5 months in blueberry plantation, deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 25 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres, and soil is improved by Cosan, Cosan is evenly sprinkled into plantation field and ploughs deeply mixing, soil pH value is 3.5 ~ 5.0; Ridge, field platform is shaped, and ridge platform width is 5.0 meters ~ 5.5 meters, and platform both sides, ridge are respectively arranged with drain ditch, draining furrow width 50 centimetres ~ 80 centimetres, dark 70 centimetres ~ 80 centimetres, is respectively arranged with bird prevention net above field with surrounding;

(3) Seeding planting: ridge, field platform excavates planting pit, planting pit is the round pool of diameter 0.8 meter ~ 1.2 meters, the planting pit degree of depth is 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimetres, and in planting pit, on uniform spreading, 6 centimetres ~ 8 cm thick bases are fertile, basic fertilizer spread the dirt bed of 1.5 centimetres ~ 2.0 cm thicks; Selection root system is sturdy, be highly the annual blueberry seedling of 20 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres and the 3 years raw blueberry seedlings being highly 40 centimetres ~ 50 centimetres, blueberry seedling to be vertically placed on the dirt bed in planting pit and root system is launched, blueberry shoot root covering earth buries fixing by seedling root, make root be in lower 5 centimetres ~ 7 centimeters of earth, in time blueberry seedling is watered permeable, blueberry seedling fore-and-aft clearance 1 meter ~ 1.2 meters, between left and right apart from 1.8 meters ~ 2.0 meters, annual blueberry seedling and 3 years raw blueberry seedlings intert plants;

(4) management after planting: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, a small amount of principle is repeatedly followed in fertilising, first 1 ~ 6 month, within every 20 days ~ 25 days, apply a nitrogenous fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.2 kilogram ~ 0.3 kilogram at every turn, blueberry seedling applied a phosphate fertilizer every 5 days ~ 7 days of flowering stage, potash fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.3 kilogram ~ 0.4 kilogram at every turn, blueberry seedling fruiting period applies a nitrogen in every 10 days ~ 15 days, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.3 kilogram ~ 0.4 kilogram at every turn, annual spring and autumn, blueberry seedling applies fertilizer, fertilizer covers on the dirt bed of field uniformly, within every 15 days ~ 20 days, apply once, every mu of soil applies 700 kilograms ~ 800 kilograms at every turn, spring and autumn applies 2000 kilograms ~ 2500 kilograms fertilizers respectively, within every 3 months, utilize Cosan to improve soil, control the pH value of soil, blueberry seedling after field planting First Year prune time to cut off bud, blueberry seedling after field planting Second Year prune time to remove residual branch bad branch, blueberry seedling is tree-like with control to expand tree crown in the 3rd year, regularly blueberry seedling is pruned, blueberry seedling is after entering adult high yield period, prune time mainly remove interior thorax branch, weak branch and sick branch, to some for many years fruit-bearing shoot cluster carry out in time retraction renewal, blueberry seedling, after field planting, waters normal root water in time, and the pH utilizing Cosan to control normal root water is 4.0 ~ 5.0, within every 3 days ~ 4 days, once irrigates, and within every 6 days ~ 7 days before Blueberry developmental stage and fruit maturation, irrigates once, at blueberry seedling growing period, every month regularly carries out weeding to field, and weeding severity control is at 3 centimetres ~ 4 centimetres, carry out garden clearly, the dry branches and fallen leaves in removing garden in the resting stage of blueberry seedling growth, in conjunction with soil deep tillage, some sick leaves and worm's ovum are removed, at timely spraying fungicide and insecticide in vegetative period.

Further, the specification of described Cosan is fineness 400 object Cosan, soil pH just when being 4.0 ~ 4.5.

Further, described basic fertilizer comprises the raw material of following weight parts: the peat composed of rotten mosses 30 parts ~ 40 parts, sawdust 40 parts ~ 50 parts, fertilizer 20 parts ~ 30 parts, and described sawdust adopts pine tree sawdust.

Further, described blueberry seedling adopts southern high clump blueberry seedling.

The present invention compared with prior art, have the following advantages and effect: a kind of blueberry cultivation method of the present invention, the present invention utilizes Cosan that the soil in field is carried out pH value adjustment, and the Cosan that utilizes regular in blueberry planting process regulates and controls the acid-base value of soil, the fineness of Cosan is 400 orders, more rapidly and efficiently soil can be regulated and controled, guarantee blueberry seedling normal growth; Drain ditch is set by platform both sides, ridge, can effectively water be discharged, avoid soaking in water for a long time at the weather blueberry shoot root that rainwater is more causing rotten; By arranging bird prevention net respectively with surrounding above field, blueberry can be avoided to be held in the month by birds after maturation and to peck, affecting the output of blueberry; In blueberry field planting process, certain thickness dirt bed spread by the basis fertilizer of planting pit, basis fertilizer can be avoided directly to contact with blueberry shoot root, cause blueberry seedling to produce and burn root phenomenon; By one year seedling and 3 years raw seedlings being interted plantation on field, utilize one year seedling and 3 years low differences of raw height of seedling, better can pollinate in blueberry seedling developmental process, illumination also can more reasonably be utilized, make the growth that blueberry seedling is more healthy and strong, improve blueberry output; By following a small amount of principle repeatedly in blueberry fertilising process, blueberry long period can be guaranteed uniformly by fertile, and in the steps such as pruning, irrigation, weeding and diseases prevention, the operation of precise and high efficiency is carried out according to the growth needs of blueberry, improve the growing environment of blueberry, effectively raise the Quality and yield of blueberry, meet the needs of blueberry plantation.

Embodiment

For ease of understanding the present invention, it is as follows that the present invention enumerates embodiment, and described embodiment can be done further to supplement and illustrate to the cultivation method of a kind of blueberry of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

A cultivation method for blueberry, specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) field is selected: select soil open, the sandy loam matter that drainage performance is good, loosing soil, ventilation is good, and the level land that physical features is milder or ground, gentle slope, the gradient on ground, gentle slope is less than 10 degree.

(2) field transformation: soil deep ploughing digged for first 4 ~ 5 months in blueberry plantation, deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 25 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres, and soil is improved by Cosan, Cosan is evenly sprinkled into plantation field and ploughs deeply mixing, soil pH value is 3.5 ~ 5.0; Ridge, field platform is shaped, and ridge platform width is 5.0 meters ~ 5.5 meters, and platform both sides, ridge are respectively arranged with drain ditch, draining furrow width 50 centimetres ~ 80 centimetres, dark 70 centimetres ~ 80 centimetres, is respectively arranged with bird prevention net above field with surrounding.

(3) Seeding planting: ridge, field platform excavates planting pit, planting pit is the round pool of diameter 0.8 meter ~ 1.2 meters, the planting pit degree of depth is 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimetres, and in planting pit, on uniform spreading, 6 centimetres ~ 8 cm thick bases are fertile, basic fertilizer spread the dirt bed of 1.5 centimetres ~ 2.0 cm thicks; Selection root system is sturdy, be highly the annual blueberry seedling of 20 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres and the 3 years raw blueberry seedlings being highly 40 centimetres ~ 50 centimetres, blueberry seedling to be vertically placed on the dirt bed in planting pit and root system is launched, blueberry shoot root covering earth buries fixing by seedling root, make root be in lower 5 centimetres ~ 7 centimeters of earth, in time blueberry seedling is watered permeable, blueberry seedling fore-and-aft clearance 1 meter ~ 1.2 meters, between left and right apart from 1.8 meters ~ 2.0 meters, annual blueberry seedling and 3 years raw blueberry seedlings intert plants.

(4) management after planting: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, a small amount of principle is repeatedly followed in fertilising, first 1 ~ 6 month, within every 20 days ~ 25 days, apply a nitrogenous fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.2 kilogram ~ 0.3 kilogram at every turn, blueberry seedling applied a phosphate fertilizer every 5 days ~ 7 days of flowering stage, potash fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.3 kilogram ~ 0.4 kilogram at every turn, blueberry seedling fruiting period applies a nitrogen in every 10 days ~ 15 days, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.3 kilogram ~ 0.4 kilogram at every turn, annual spring and autumn, blueberry seedling applies fertilizer, fertilizer covers on the dirt bed of field uniformly, within every 15 days ~ 20 days, apply once, every mu of soil applies 700 kilograms ~ 800 kilograms at every turn, spring and autumn applies 2000 kilograms ~ 2500 kilograms fertilizers respectively, within every 3 months, utilize Cosan to improve soil, control the pH value of soil, blueberry seedling after field planting First Year prune time to cut off bud, blueberry seedling after field planting Second Year prune time to remove residual branch bad branch, blueberry seedling is tree-like with control to expand tree crown in the 3rd year, regularly blueberry seedling is pruned, blueberry seedling is after entering adult high yield period, prune time mainly remove interior thorax branch, weak branch and sick branch, to some for many years fruit-bearing shoot cluster carry out in time retraction renewal, blueberry seedling, after field planting, waters normal root water in time, and the pH utilizing Cosan to control normal root water is 4.0 ~ 5.0, within every 3 days ~ 4 days, once irrigates, and within every 6 days ~ 7 days before Blueberry developmental stage and fruit maturation, irrigates once, at blueberry seedling growing period, every month regularly carries out weeding to field, and weeding severity control is at 3 centimetres ~ 4 centimetres, carry out garden clearly, the dry branches and fallen leaves in removing garden in the resting stage of blueberry seedling growth, in conjunction with soil deep tillage, some sick leaves and worm's ovum are removed, at timely spraying fungicide and insecticide in vegetative period.

The specification of Cosan of the present invention is fineness 400 object Cosan, soil pH just when being 4.0 ~ 4.5.Basic fertilizer of the present invention comprises the raw material of following weight parts: the peat composed of rotten mosses 30 parts ~ 40 parts, sawdust 40 parts ~ 50 parts, fertilizer 20 parts ~ 30 parts, and described sawdust adopts pine tree sawdust.Blueberry seedling of the present invention adopts southern high clump blueberry seedling.By the blueberry implantation methods of the present embodiment, can according to the acid-base value needing high efficiency regulatory soil of blueberry growth, and operate accurately and effectively in each process of growth of blueberry, improve the growing environment of blueberry, effectively raise the Quality and yield of blueberry, meet the needs of blueberry plantation.

Above content described in this specification is only made for the present invention illustrating.Those skilled in the art can make various amendment or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute to described specific embodiment; only otherwise depart from the content of specification of the present invention or surmount this scope as defined in the claims, protection scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.

Claims (4)

1. a cultivation method for blueberry, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) field is selected: select soil open, the sandy loam matter that drainage performance is good, loosing soil, ventilation is good, the level land that physical features is milder or ground, gentle slope, and the gradient on ground, gentle slope is less than 10 degree;

(2) field transformation: soil deep ploughing digged for first 4 ~ 5 months in blueberry plantation, deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 25 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres, and soil is improved by Cosan, Cosan is evenly sprinkled into plantation field and ploughs deeply mixing, soil pH value is 3.5 ~ 5.0; Ridge, field platform is shaped, and ridge platform width is 5.0 meters ~ 5.5 meters, and platform both sides, ridge are respectively arranged with drain ditch, draining furrow width 50 centimetres ~ 80 centimetres, dark 70 centimetres ~ 80 centimetres, is respectively arranged with bird prevention net above field with surrounding;

(3) Seeding planting: ridge, field platform excavates planting pit, planting pit is the round pool of diameter 0.8 meter ~ 1.2 meters, the planting pit degree of depth is 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimetres, and in planting pit, on uniform spreading, 6 centimetres ~ 8 cm thick bases are fertile, basic fertilizer spread the dirt bed of 1.5 centimetres ~ 2.0 cm thicks; Selection root system is sturdy, be highly the annual blueberry seedling of 20 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres and the 3 years raw blueberry seedlings being highly 40 centimetres ~ 50 centimetres, blueberry seedling to be vertically placed on the dirt bed in planting pit and root system is launched, blueberry shoot root covering earth buries fixing by seedling root, make root be in lower 5 centimetres ~ 7 centimeters of earth, in time blueberry seedling is watered permeable, blueberry seedling fore-and-aft clearance 1 meter ~ 1.2 meters, between left and right apart from 1.8 meters ~ 2.0 meters, annual blueberry seedling and 3 years raw blueberry seedlings intert plants;

(4) management after planting: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, a small amount of principle is repeatedly followed in fertilising, first 1 ~ 6 month, within every 20 days ~ 25 days, apply a nitrogenous fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.2 kilogram ~ 0.3 kilogram at every turn, blueberry seedling applied a phosphate fertilizer every 5 days ~ 7 days of flowering stage, potash fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.3 kilogram ~ 0.4 kilogram at every turn, blueberry seedling fruiting period applies a nitrogen in every 10 days ~ 15 days, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.3 kilogram ~ 0.4 kilogram at every turn, annual spring and autumn, blueberry seedling applies fertilizer, fertilizer covers on the dirt bed of field uniformly, within every 15 days ~ 20 days, apply once, every mu of soil applies 700 kilograms ~ 800 kilograms at every turn, spring and autumn applies 2000 kilograms ~ 2500 kilograms fertilizers respectively, within every 3 months, utilize Cosan to improve soil, control the pH value of soil, blueberry seedling after field planting First Year prune time to cut off bud, blueberry seedling after field planting Second Year prune time to remove residual branch bad branch, blueberry seedling is tree-like with control to expand tree crown in the 3rd year, regularly blueberry seedling is pruned, blueberry seedling is after entering adult high yield period, prune time mainly remove interior thorax branch, weak branch and sick branch, to some for many years fruit-bearing shoot cluster carry out in time retraction renewal, blueberry seedling, after field planting, waters normal root water in time, and the pH utilizing Cosan to control normal root water is 4.0 ~ 5.0, within every 3 days ~ 4 days, once irrigates, and within every 6 days ~ 7 days before Blueberry developmental stage and fruit maturation, irrigates once, at blueberry seedling growing period, every month regularly carries out weeding to field, and weeding severity control is at 3 centimetres ~ 4 centimetres, carry out garden clearly, the dry branches and fallen leaves in removing garden in the resting stage of blueberry seedling growth, in conjunction with soil deep tillage, some sick leaves and worm's ovum are removed, at timely spraying fungicide and insecticide in vegetative period.

2. the cultivation method of a kind of blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the specification of described Cosan is fineness 400 object Cosan, soil pH just when being 4.0 ~ 4.5.

3. the cultivation method of a kind of blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described basic fertilizer comprises the raw material of following weight parts: the peat composed of rotten mosses 30 parts ~ 40 parts, sawdust 40 parts ~ 50 parts, fertilizer 20 parts ~ 30 parts, and described sawdust adopts pine tree sawdust.

4. the cultivation method of a kind of blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described blueberry seedling adopts southern high clump blueberry seedling.