CN102422803A - Three-dimensional original ecological cultivation method for dendrobium officinale in forest - Google Patents
Three-dimensional original ecological cultivation method for dendrobium officinale in forest Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y02P60/216—
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A three-dimensional original ecological forest cultivation method for dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a cultivation environment; (2) preparing a cultivation pot; (3) paving a substrate in the basin; (4) selecting seedlings; (5) planting; (6) hanging cultivation or planting tied trees; (7) cultivating and managing; (8) and (6) harvesting. The invention provides a three-dimensional environment of the original forest for the growth of the dendrobium officinale, ensures the healthy growth of the dendrobium officinale, has high seedling survival rate, high yield, good product quality, low cultivation cost and simple management and operation, and can realize the industrialized and large-scale development of the dendrobium officinale.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of Chinese medicinal plant medicine dendrobium candidum, especially relate to the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of a kind of dendrobium candidum forest.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum (Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo) is the orchid family stem of noble dendrobium, belongs to herbaceos perennial, is a kind of rare plant.
Medicinal material dendrobium candidum health care result of treatment is definite, and is all on the books in " Taoist Scriptures ", Shennong's Herbal, Compendium of Material Medica, " modern Chinese herbal medicine voluminous dictionary ", medical ancient books and records such as the version Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China in 2010.Tang opens the first year; Taoist school's classical works " Taoist Scriptures " are included Chinese nine immortals grass (dendrobium candidum, Herba Saussureae Involueratae, three double gensengs, 120 years tubers of multiflower knotweed, the Poria cocos of cycle of sixty years, desert cistanche, remote mountains glossy ganoderma, seabed pearl, Cordyceps sinensis); Because of dendrobium candidum enriching yin qi-restoratives effect is remarkable, classified as first of " Chinese nine immortals grass ".The record of Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) Compendium of Material Medica: " the reinforcing yin essence benefit is smart.Clothes of a specified duration, thick stomach, never sufficient in the benefit, flat stomach Qi, longue meat by skin heat symptoms caused by an exopathgen miliaria gas, a little less than the painful cold numbness of pin knee, is decided intelligence except that frightened, makes light of one's life by commiting suicide and prolongs life.Benefit gas heat extraction, strong sun, cold for a long time in the bone by the skin wandering arthritis, kidney tonifying benefit power.Control the heating spontaneous perspiration, plug in the ulcer apocenosis." single-row in one one of the version Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China in 2010 (and numbering: YX-176); distinguish with common stem of noble dendrobium kind such as other dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe, stem of Eyeshaped Dendrobium, HERBA DENDROBII, HERBA DENDROBII and the drumstick stem of noble dendrobium; its function with cure mainly: " reinforcing stomach reg fluid, nourishing Yin and clearing heat.Be used for the moon and hinder body fluid deficiency, the dry polydipsia, food is few retches, abnormal heat after being ill, order is secretly not clear." modern clinical practice and pharmacological research confirm, that dendrobium candidum has is nourishing Yin and moistening lung, nourishing the stomach to improve the production of body fluid, brain nourishing and eyesight improving, the Proheparin heart, heat-clearing and fire-reducing, the consumptive disease of tonifying five zang organs, the magical effect of making light of one's life by commiting suicide and prolonging life.Diseases such as chronic fatigue syndrome, tuberculosis, coronary heart disease, ephrosis, chronic liver disease, hypertension, high fat of blood, hyperglycaemia, diabetes, chronic gastropathy, dry syndrome, cancer all there are definite curative effect and conditioning rehabilitative action; And can strengthen body immunity, anti-oxidant, anti-ageing, to tobacco and wine excessively, overwork, night life excessively, rehabilitation such as the deficiency of Yin that declines with power a little less than overstrain one's nerves, hoarseness, mouth parched and tongue scorched, the old gonosome has special efficacy.
Dendrobium candidum is wild naturally on tens meters high overhanging cliffs.In the last few years, because the wild people's of production area of dendrobium candidum destructiveness is excavated, made wild dendrobium candidum resource endangered.At present; Country has classified dendrobium candidum as the rare and endangered species of one type of focused protection, it is listed in (CITES) appendix II of " special-protection-by-the-State natural crude drugs species register " (1987), " Chinese Plants Red Data Book " (1992), " CITS ".Country encourages artificial commerial growing dendrobium candidum, ensures the dendrobium candidum sustainable development of resource.
For many years, the technical staff of China has carried out continuous exploration and test to the dendrobium candidum artificial cultivation technique, has solved the key technical problem of a part of officinal dendrobium stem plantation; Also obtained certain achievement, but, caused certain difficulty to artificial cultivation because dendrobium candidum self-sow environment is special; Exist the officinal dendrobium stem plantation survival rate low; Subject matters such as growth rate is slow, and output is not high, and active constituent content is low.At present artificial cultivation mainly is two kinds, a kind of be plant (dendrobium candidum is directly plantation in the matrix of floor pavement), this planting type causes insect pest, especially soil insect easily; Also can cause draining obstructed, mashed easily root brings out disease.Another kind is exactly the built on stilts cultivation in seedbed, and this cultivation has solved root system air permeability problem and many insect pests problem, but the infrastructure expensive of this method, and required cultivation cost is higher, is unfavorable for the industrialization and the large-scale development of dendrobium candidum.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of kind of shoot survival percent height is provided, and output is high, good product quality, and the cultivation cost is low, can realize the dendrobium candidum forest solid original ecology cultivating method of dendrobium candidum industrialization and large-scale development.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is that the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of a kind of dendrobium candidum forest may further comprise the steps:
(1) selection of planting environment: milpa selects summer high temperature not to be higher than 40 ℃, and winter low temperature is not less than-5 ℃ place, the sylvan life plot of ventilating cool, and crown density are 0.6-0.9;
(2) preparation of cultivation tray: select the high 5-50cm that is for use, the basin port radius is that radius is that the basin of 3-17cm is as cultivation tray at the bottom of the 4-30cm basin; Be provided with the osculum that is evenly distributed at the bottom of the basin of said cultivation tray; This cultivation tray is cleaned and disinfects, subsequent use;
(3) the interior matrix of basin is laid: laying has the matrix 1-5 layer of gas permeability, moisture capacity and process sterilization treatment in the basin, or directly adopts the mixture of several matrix to lay; Said matrix is selected from broken common brick particle, peat soil, limestone particle, quartzy sandstone particle, humic sand and mixes at least a in soil, humus soil, wood chip, cotton seed hulls, rice hulls, bryophyte, broken bark, the broken leaf;
(4) selection of seedling: select to grow good seedling, dispose disease seedling and mashed seedling;
(5) field planting: but annual all field planting, each cultivation tray 2-3 clump of planting, every clump of 1-6 strain after the field planting, is watered normal root water;
(6) planting type is selected: select for use and hang the mode of planting or tie up the mode of planting of setting; Said hang the mode of planting be with the rope cultivation tray that field planting is good hang on can the branch of load-bearing on; Said tie up the tree mode of planting be directly to tie up on trunk with the rope cultivation tray that field planting is good;
(7) cultivation management:
1. aqueous vapor management: in cultivation tray, water, keeping the interior humidity of cultivation tray is 70-80%;
2. fertilizing management: in the 3-11 month in every year, the dendrobium candidum growing period, every at a distance from fertilising in 10-20 days once, fertilizer is main with leaf or the bark that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and is aided with farm organic fertilizer;
3. pest management: every a situation arises at a distance from 20-40 days inspection damage by disease and insect, and carry out the control of damage by disease and insect, and the control of insect pest is handled with biological method, and bactericide is adopted in the control of disease;
(8) gather: seedling is gathered after 2 years in cultivation, old plant is cut from base portion with scissors, stays tender strain.
Further, in the step (2), the basin that the preferred basin body of said cultivation tray is transparent, more preferably transparent plastic basin.
Further, the osculum quantity that is provided with at the bottom of the basin of said cultivation tray is 3-8, and the radius in hole is preferably 0.5-1.5mm.
Further, the corresponding position of the tub wall of said cultivation tray and hypothallus also is provided with the osculum that is evenly distributed.
Further, the quantity of the set osculum in the corresponding position of the tub wall of said cultivation tray and hypothallus is 4-10, and pore radius is preferably 0.3-1mm.
Further, in the step (3), said broken common brick particle, limestone particle, quartzy sandstone particle diameter are 15-35mm, and through cleaning.
Further, in the step (3), said matrix preferably is made up of fermentation 1-2 month broken bark, broken leaf, broken common brick particle; Three's volume proportion is preferred: broken bark: broken leaf: broken common brick particle=2:2:1.
Further, in the step (5), the preferred annual 4-6 month of said field planting time, more preferably annual May.
Further, in the step (6), the cultivation tray that field planting is good hangs on the preferred 0.3-1m of rope length on the branch; Be tied on the trunk cultivation tray bottom and the preferred 1m-3m of ground distance with the rope cultivation tray that field planting is good.
Further, in the step (7), said aqueous vapor is managed once a day, watering time 9-10 in preferred morning point, and keeping the interior humidity of cultivation tray is 70-80%; Fallen leaves that fall in the cleaning basin before watering and disconnected branch;
Fertilizing management, preferred every two weeks is once;
Pest management, preferred every month is once; The preferred topsin that uses is or/and the carbendazim soup is prevented and treated disease; Use 60% first naphthalene four to gather particle, the happy 800 times of solution of fruit, or add and join human urine or cockroach powder, pest control.
Further, said topsin is or/and the preferred 1000 times of topsins of carbendazim soup or 1000 times of carbendazim soups.
The three-dimensional environment that the present invention provides a kind of former forest for the growth of dendrobium candidum has guaranteed the healthy growth of dendrobium candidum; Plant or tie up the mode that tree is planted through hanging, make full use of tree shade, need not set up the sunshade net, reduced the cultivation cost; Rhizome to dendrobium candidum has guaranteed to ventilate preferably and ventilative condition simultaneously, has improved the survival rate of planting transplantation of seedlings, has also improved output, and products obtained therefrom is approaching pure wild naturally, and quality is good; The cultivation of preferably clear cultivation tray is convenient to observe dendrobium candidum root growth and development situation, pinpoints the problems, and in time takes measures; In addition, bookkeeping of the present invention is simple, and cost is low.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
The three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of the dendrobium candidum forest of this enforcement may further comprise the steps:
(A) cultivation environment of choice:? Langshan region selection in a forest, the determination of the basic age range of 8-10 years; dressing venues to more serious diseases of trees and shrubs clear height of less than 1.5m;
(2) preparation of cultivation tray: choose the transparent plastic basin, the high 20cm of basin, basin port radius are 15cm; Radius is 10cm at the bottom of the basin, is evenly distributed with 8 osculums at the bottom of the basin, osculum radius 1.5mm; There are 4 osculums at high 8cm place to tub wall apart from the bottom surface, each one of four direction, and pore radius is 1.5mm; It is cleaned and disinfects, subsequent use;
(3) matrix is laid in the basin: matrix adopts broken common brick particle, broken leaf and broken bark to mix in the basin, and broken common brick particle diameter on average is about 15mm, and broken leaf and broken bark are through fermenting broken bark 1.5 months: broken leaf: broken common brick volume ratio=2:2:1.
(4) seed selection: with Langshan region Dendrobium cultivar provenance do choose to do tissue culture seedlings acclimated to remove diseased seedlings and seedling rot;
(5) field planting: in the field planting in May, plant 3 clumps of seedlings of Dendrobium officinale of each cultivation tray, every clump 4 strain after planting, is watered sufficient normal root water (matrix all irrigates);
(6) selection of planting type: select the mode of planting of hanging for use, with rope with the cultivation tray of the good seedlings of Dendrobium officinale of field planting hang on can the branch of load-bearing on, rope length is 0.5m;
(7) cultivation management:
1. aqueous vapor management: every day 9-10 point and in cultivation tray, water primary water, keep that humidity is 70-80% in the basin, and fallen leaves in the cleaning basin and the branch that breaks;
2. fertilizing management: the 3-11 month, in cultivation tray, added once leaf or bark (it is fertile not execute chemistry) in every month through becoming thoroughly decomposed;
3. extermination of disease and insect pest management: spray 1000 times of carbendazim soups after planting immediately, be used alternatingly 1000 times of topsins and carbendazim soup prevention disease later on every other month and take place; Carry out an insect pest situation inspection every month, find that insect pest takes place, and uses 60% first naphthalene four to gather particle immediately and prevents and treats;
(8) gather: gather after 2 years in cultivation, from base portion old plant is cut, stay tender strain with scissors.
Embodiment 2
The three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of the dendrobium candidum forest of present embodiment, step (6), planting type is planted mode for tying up tree, promptly is directly to tie up in the tree with the rope cultivation tray that field planting is good, and cultivation tray is apart from ground 1m-2m; All the other are identical with embodiment 1.
As experimental group, and reference numeral is experimental group 1, experimental group 2 with embodiment 1, embodiment 2; Control group is set simultaneously, and land used is planted and is maked somebody a mere figurehead the planting type of planting and cultivates, and all the other conditions are all identical with experimental group, and reference numeral is control group 1 and control group 2; Experimental group and control group are compared, and its result of the test is seen table 1.
Table 1
| The experimental group numbering | Planting type | The cultivation time | The clump number | The clump number becomes to live | Survival rate | Average stem bar length (cm) | Average stem bar rugosity (diameter) (mm) |
| Control group 1 | Plant | 2008.5.10 | 98 | 90 | 91.8% | 10.1 | 4.6 |
| Control group 2 | Built on stilts planting | 2008.5.22 | 50 | 50 | 100% | 10.8 | 4.5 |
| Experimental group 1 | Hang and plant
 |
2008.5.14 | 75 | 73 | 97.5% | 11.2 | 4.7 |
| Experimental group 2 | Tying up tree plants | 2008.5.14 | 50 | 48 | 96% | 11.0 | 4.6 |
Can find out that from table 1 experimental group 1, experimental group 2 are compared with control group 1, have remarkable advantages aspect survival rate and the average stem bar length; Though experimental group 1, experimental group 2 are compared with control group 2, be not so good as showing slightly aspect survival rate and the average stem bar length, control group 2 required cultivation costs are higher, are unfavorable for the development of industrialization and scale.
Simultaneously total water-soluble polysaccharide content in experimental group and the control group gained dendrobium candidum is measured according to the detection method of 2010 editions Chinese Pharmacopoeias, its testing result is seen table 2.
Table 2
| The experimental group numbering | Planting type | Collecting time | Polyoses content (in DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS) |
| Control group 1 | Plant | 2011.2.20 | 28.3% |
| Control group 2 | Built on stilts planting | 2011.2.20 | 28.0% |
| Experimental group 1 | Hang and plant
 |
2011.2.21 | 28.5% |
| Experimental group 2 | Tie up and plant | 2011.2.21 | 30.1% |
Can find out that from table 2 total water-soluble polysaccharide content is lower in control group 1 and the control group 2 gained dendrobium candidums, only about 28%, and total water-soluble polysaccharide content is higher in the experimental group 1, experimental group 2 gained dendrobium candidums, can be up to 30.3%.
In sum, the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of the present invention's dendrobium candidum forest is superior to traditional cultivation method.
Claims (10)
1. the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of dendrobium candidum forest is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) selection of planting environment: milpa selects summer high temperature not to be higher than 40 ℃, and winter low temperature is not less than-5 ℃ place, the sylvan life plot of ventilating cool, and crown density are 0.6-0.9;
(2) preparation of cultivation tray: select the high 5-50cm that is for use, the basin port radius is that radius is that the basin of 3-17cm is as cultivation tray at the bottom of the 4-30cm basin; Be provided with the osculum that is evenly distributed at the bottom of the basin of said cultivation tray; This cultivation tray is cleaned and disinfects, subsequent use;
(3) the interior matrix of basin is laid: laying has the matrix 1-5 layer of gas permeability, moisture capacity and process sterilization treatment in the basin, or directly adopts the mixture of several matrix to lay; Said matrix is selected from broken common brick particle, peat soil, limestone particle, quartzy sandstone particle, humic sand and mixes at least a in soil, humus soil, wood chip, cotton seed hulls, rice hulls, bryophyte, broken bark, the broken leaf;
(4) selection of seedling: select to grow good seedling, dispose disease seedling and mashed seedling;
(5) field planting: but annual all field planting, each cultivation tray 2-3 clump of planting, every clump of 1-6 strain after the field planting, is watered normal root water;
(6) planting type is selected: select for use and hang the mode of planting or tie up the mode of planting of setting; Said hang the mode of planting be with the rope cultivation tray that field planting is good hang on can the branch of load-bearing on; Said tie up the tree mode of planting be directly to tie up on trunk with the rope cultivation tray that field planting is good;
(7) cultivation management:
1. aqueous vapor management: in cultivation tray, water, keeping the interior humidity of cultivation tray is 70-80%;
2. fertilizing management: in the 2-11 month in every year, the dendrobium candidum growing period, every at a distance from fertilising in 10-20 days once, fertilizer is main with leaf or the bark that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and is aided with farm organic fertilizer;
3. pest management: every a situation arises at a distance from 20-40 days inspection damage by disease and insect, and carry out the control of damage by disease and insect, and the control of insect pest is handled with biological method, and bactericide is adopted in the control of disease;
(8) gather: seedling is gathered after 2 years in cultivation, old plant is cut from base portion with scissors, stays tender strain.
2. the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of dendrobium candidum forest according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step (2), said cultivation tray is the transparent plastic basin.
3. the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of dendrobium candidum forest according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in the step (2), the osculum quantity that is provided with at the bottom of the basin of said cultivation tray is 3-8, and the radius in hole is 0.5-1.5mm.
4. the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of dendrobium candidum forest according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in the step (2), the corresponding position of the tub wall of said cultivation tray and hypothallus also is provided with the osculum that is evenly distributed.
5. the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of dendrobium candidum forest according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in the step (2), the quantity of the set osculum in the corresponding position of the tub wall of said cultivation tray and hypothallus is 4-10, and pore radius is 0.3-1mm.
6. the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of dendrobium candidum forest according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in the step (3), said broken common brick particle, limestone particle, quartzy sandstone particle diameter are 15-35mm, and through cleaning.
7. the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of dendrobium candidum forest according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in the step (3), said matrix is made up of fermentation 1-2 month broken bark, broken leaf, broken common brick particle; Three's volume proportion is: broken bark: broken leaf: broken common brick particle=2:2:1.
8. the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of dendrobium candidum forest according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in the step (5), the said field planting time is the 4-6 month.
9. the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of dendrobium candidum forest according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in the step (6), the rope length that the cultivation tray that field planting is good hangs on the branch is 0.3-1m; Be tied on the trunk cultivation tray bottom and the preferred 1m-3m of ground distance with the rope cultivation tray that field planting is good.
10. the three-dimensional original ecology cultivating method of dendrobium candidum forest according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in the step (7), said aqueous vapor is managed once a day, and watering time is a 9-10 point in the morning, and keeping the interior humidity of cultivation tray is 70-80%; Fallen leaves that fall in the cleaning basin before watering and disconnected branch;
Fertilizing management, every two weeks is once;
Pest management, every month is once; Use topsin or/and the carbendazim soup is prevented and treated disease; Use 60% first naphthalene four to gather particle, the happy 800 times of solution of fruit, or add and join human urine or cockroach powder, pest control.
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