CN108925392A - A kind of dendrobium candidum patch tree planting method - Google Patents
A kind of dendrobium candidum patch tree planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108925392A CN108925392A CN201810657255.3A CN201810657255A CN108925392A CN 108925392 A CN108925392 A CN 108925392A CN 201810657255 A CN201810657255 A CN 201810657255A CN 108925392 A CN108925392 A CN 108925392A
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- dendrobium candidum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
Abstract
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention discloses a kind of dendrobium candidum implantation methods, the quality consistency of Tiepi Fengdou in the quality and same tree for improving Tiepi Fengdou.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs: a kind of dendrobium candidum patch tree planting method, comprising the following steps: cultivate season, place selection；Tree base is cultivated in selection；Select seedling；Field planting；Harvest.The technical solution of the present invention in this way can guarantee the quality of the qualified dendrobium candidum of output, specifically ensure that the stability of quality although yield is practical to be substantially less than scheme in the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of patch tree planting method of dendrobium candidum.
Background technique
Dendrobium candidum is the superfine product in dendrobium nobile, has unique nourishing Yin and promoting production of body fluid effect, by ancient Chinese medicine doctor and medicine ancient books and records
High praise.Exactly because taking a fancy to the medical value of dendrobium candidum, also there are many sides of artificial culture dendrobium candidum in the prior art
Method.But under different types of rearing, due to selecting the difference of strain, growing environment, growth cycle etc., the iron sheet stone actually cultivated
Dry measure used in former times may not just have the effect of wild Dendrodium.Real dendrobium nobile still needs carrying out close in wild environment.And the prior art
The mode of middle patch tree planting is closest to the growth pattern of wild Dendrodium.The mode for pasting tree planting is specially in high mountain broad-leaf forest
In, the evergreen tree that tree trunk is coarse, moisture content is more, tree crown is luxuriant, bark is loose, has lobe ditch is selected, in more flat and thick trunk
Branch recess or every 30~50 centimetres with cutting a shallow breach on knife, and peel off some barks, the dendrobium nobile that then will have been got ready
Base portion is fixed at the breach of tree by seedling with bamboo nail or rope, then is applied to cow dung mud (being mixed thoroughly with cow dung and mud)
In its root and surrounding bark ditch.To prevent wind from blowing and rain drop erosion, being normally applied bamboo nail stickfast or being tied with ropes such as thin bamboo strips used for weavings
Upper 2 circle watchman's wooden clapper jail, to fix dendrobium nobile fibrous root and plant on trunk or crotch, is closely climbed along tree body along life after growing its new root
It is long.When planting in the tree, it should carry out from top to down.Dry and decayed bark should not plant.
" a kind of dendrobium candidum imitates wild live standing tree patch to the patent of invention of Patent No. 201510610487.X in the prior art
Set intensive cultural method " in disclose a kind of dendrobium candidum and imitate wild live standing tree patch and set intensive cultural method, belong to
In officinal dendrobium stem plantation technical field.This method includes planting forest land selection, the seedling selection, cultural method, pipe of dendrobium candidum
Shield and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, select the natural stands based on the evergreen broadleaf forest of great water body rivers bank, selection
Dendrobium candidum 1 year pure raw seedling of quality is bundled in patch tree cultivation on live standing tree trunk, per acre may be used after degerming, disinfection treatment
6000 plants of cultivation carries out the moisture of thermal extremes arid climate for giving cooling, and pest and disease damage is cooperated micro- based on botanical pesticide
Bacteria agent accomplishes nuisanceless dendrobium candidum plantation.By it was verified that economic benefit is obvious.The fresh item of dendrobium candidum effectively at
Divide and is higher than other planting types.For the invention is planted with respect to greenhouse seedbed, less investment, quality is good, good in economic efficiency, can be used as
The dominant pattern of current officinal dendrobium stem plantation.
Scheme in the invention is strictly scheme relatively advanced and scientific in the prior art, but in actual use process
In, there is also some minor issues, cause the dendrobium candidum medical value cultivated low, and quality is unstable.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention discloses a kind of dendrobium candidum implantation methods, for improving Tiepi Fengdou
The quality consistency of Tiepi Fengdou in quality and same tree.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of dendrobium candidum patch tree planting method, comprising the following steps:
It cultivates season, place selection: Zhejiang Nanshan District, first one mid-June of early April planting season；Second planting season, low
Height above sea level region, October late August-；
Tree base is cultivated in selection: the lithocarpus glaber tree of vertical growth of the selection trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground greater than 10cm guarantees that trunk side obtains
Enough illumination；This point needs to be guaranteed that the stone of artificial growth is arranged in usual suggestion by place where cleaning lithocarpus glaber tree
In robur woods, convenient for management control.
It selects seedling: dendrobium candidum plant being first subjected to hardening, carefully takes out the tissue-culture container seedling through hardening before cultivation, with clear
Water rinses the culture medium of attachment well, by seedling size fractionation, dries to root and selects suitable plant after whitening and can be colonized；
Wherein hardening is hardening off method conventional in the prior art.
Field planting: between the in the shade side of lithocarpus glaber tree trunk, 1.5-3 meters of height, a plurality of parallel shallow slot of transverse cuts；Every shallow
Groove width is 3-4cm；Shallow slot quantity is 1-3 item on sustained height, is separated by 3cm or more between the shallow slot on sustained height；It is different
Distance is 30cm between adjacent shallow slot in height；And it is staggered between adjacent shallow slot on different height；In every shallow slot
Cultivation has 3-4 plants of dendrobium candidum plant, and shallow slot is filled by cattle and sheep copropel slurry after implantation, and is implanted with moss in mud surface；Moss
Play the role of centainly protecting mud, can also play certain water storage effect.Above every shallow slot the place 1-1.2cm equipped with one by
Dendrobium candidum plant is auxiliarily fixed in the fixed bandage of bamboo nail；
Harvest: second year plays annual harvesting maturing part after plantation, and the maturing part refers to 20 months or more growth periods
Aerial part plant；With scissor cut branch, scattering and disappearing to reduce nutrient and be conducive to wound healing, basal part of stem leaves 2~3 sections,
Nutrient supply when coming year sprouting rudiment overwintering in favor of plant；The dendrobium candidum harvested by the 4th year is qualified finished product.First 3 years
Though there is harvest, degree of the presently claimed invention is not achieved in its quality.
Preferably, the fixed bandage of the bamboo nail is the straw rope for being enclosed with Caulis Spatholobi, and the bamboo nail passes through Caulis Spatholobi two
End.In planting process, the problem of being affected to plant damaged by vermin and disease.The mode for being all made of drug in the prior art is come
It solves.But dendrobium candidum quality decline excessively will lead to using drug, while there are also other risks.The chicken that the present invention uses
Blood rattan is not decorated and uses Caulis Spatholobi, and obtains after some discarded withes drying that while referring to production Caulis Spatholobi jewellery cuts off thin
Rattan, with certain anthelminthic effect.And through this structure, whole bandage is non-chemical products, it is ensured that bandage sheet
The nonstaining property of body.
Preferably, ancillary equipment is arranged: equipped with drip irrigation appliance above the lithocarpus glaber tree, between the parallel shallow slot of different height
It is close to tree table and is equipped with cotton net, the cotton thread screen distance is 0.3-0.5cm.It is most important during Growth of Dendrobium candidum to be exactly
Air flowing and moisturizing, it is uneven that the air-humidification method used in the prior art will lead to humidity, especially dendrobium candidum plant sheet
Body is excessively wet to lead to rotten generation.It is not directly to drip in shallow slot, but moisturized by drip irrigation appliance during trickle irrigation
Cotton net, the wet of cotton net ensure that dendrobium candidum plant is in the environment of humidity and itself humidity is not high.
Preferably, the cotton net is primary in the replacement of 1 season of spring and summer autumn, and winter removes cotton net.Winter also will simultaneously
Drip irrigation appliance is deactivated, dendrobium candidum plant frostbite is avoided.
Preferably, the shallow slot obscurity is winter 30%-40%；Summer 50%-60%, plantation First Year illumination exist
2000~13000Lx.In summer due to the presence of leaf, obscurity is can guarantee substantially higher than 50%, but in winter if hidden
Luminosity deficiency, which is selected, needs to trim lithocarpus glaber tree strut.Planting First Year illumination in winter must not must not be high in summer lower than 2000Lx
In 13000Lx, the growth of plant otherwise will affect.
Preferably, harvested within described 4th year or more when the lower dendrobium candidum of shearing root article 7-8 save, 7, blade with
On, plant height is not less than 5cm, and stem is wide to be not less than 0.35cm.
It preferably, further include winter protection step in current winter, i.e., in iron in the dendrobium candidum of the second planting season plantation
Straw is wrapped up on the outside of skin dendrobium plant, non-woven fabrics is enclosed on the outside of straw and is fixed by bandage, is covered below non-woven fabrics to moss
Surface.Such structure prevents plant frostbite in winter, and avoids dehydration.
The present invention discloses a kind of dendrobium candidum implantation methods, uses tree base of the lithocarpus glaber tree as culture first, rather than
The trees of the easy cracking such as pine common in the art.The bark brown-black of lithocarpus glaber tree, does not crack, endothelium rufous, wood
The heart sapwood of material is bordering on homochromy, weak tea brown after doing, and the quite hard weight of material, structure is slightly thick, texture straight trip, wooden after especially cutting open
It is interior to provide sufficient nutrient to dendrobium candidum containing substances such as starch, while also ensure that without containing other toxicants
The reliability of dendrobium candidum.
Secondly the present invention is by being arranged in parallel shallow slot instead of helical groove structure in the prior art.Iron sheet in helical groove structure
Quality of the plant of dendrobium nobile in sunny slope and in the shade face has very big difference in fact, it is difficult to guarantee the dendrobium candidum product on same tree
Matter is consistent.And such structure reduces the injury for setting basic body in the present invention, and it is moist, logical to also ensure that dendrobium candidum is planted in
In the environment of wind.It is also more convenient for that cotton net cooperation is arranged in the present invention.
For dendrobium candidum in the case where growing environment difference, growth cycle is also different, but the medicinal ingredient of end product
Also different.Yunnan Province one year can multi-harvest kind, but the sugar content of finished product is relatively low, and medical value is very
It is low.Also there is the dendrobium candidum quality generated on one tree different, and experienced raiser can find according to experience
The test of testing of the higher dendrobium candidum plant of quality obtains higher evaluation, but practical remaining dendrobium candidum of the batch
Quality can not reach the quality of inspection product.And the technical solution of the present invention in this way, it is substantially less than now although yield is practical
There is the scheme in technology, but can guarantee the quality of the qualified dendrobium candidum of output, specifically ensures that the stability of quality.
Specific embodiment
A kind of embodiment 1: dendrobium candidum patch tree planting method, comprising the following steps:
Cultivate Season select: Panan County mountain area, the first early April planting season；
Tree base is cultivated in selection: the lithocarpus glaber tree of vertical growth of the selection trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground greater than 10cm guarantees that trunk side obtains
Enough illumination；
It selects seedling: dendrobium candidum plant being first subjected to hardening, carefully takes out the tissue-culture container seedling through hardening before cultivation, with clear
Water rinses the culture medium of attachment well, by seedling size fractionation, dries to root and selects suitable plant after whitening and can be colonized；
Field planting: between the in the shade side of lithocarpus glaber tree trunk, 1.5-3 meters of height, a plurality of parallel shallow slot of transverse cuts；Every shallow
Groove width is 3-4cm；Shallow slot quantity is 1-3 item on sustained height, is separated by 3cm or more between the shallow slot on sustained height；It is different
Distance is 30cm between adjacent shallow slot in height；And it is staggered between adjacent shallow slot on different height；In every shallow slot
Cultivation has 3-4 plants of dendrobium candidum plant, and shallow slot is filled by cattle and sheep copropel slurry after implantation, and is implanted with moss in mud surface；Every
One is equipped at 1-1.2cm above shallow slot, and dendrobium candidum plant is auxiliarily fixed by the bandage that bamboo nail is fixed；What the bamboo nail was fixed
Bandage is the straw rope for being enclosed with Caulis Spatholobi, and the bamboo nail passes through Caulis Spatholobi both ends.
Harvest: second year harvests maturing part from December every year after plantation, and the maturing part, which refers to 20 months or more, to be grown
The aerial part plant of phase；With scissor cut branch, scattered and disappeared and be conducive to wound healing with reducing nutrient, due to being winter harvesting,
Therefore basal part of stem is needed to leave 3 sections；The dendrobium candidum harvested in December, the 4th is qualified finished product.Plant at this time is the
Harvested within 4 years or more when the lower dendrobium candidum of shearing root 7-8 save, blade at least 9, plant height 6cm or more, stem is wide
0.4cm.In order to ensure the growth of dendrobium candidum, it is also necessary to ancillary equipment be arranged: being equipped with drip irrigation appliance above the lithocarpus glaber tree, no
It is close to tree table between level parallel shallow slot and is equipped with cotton net, the cotton thread screen distance is 0.3-0.5cm.The cotton net exists
The replacement of 1 season of spring and summer autumn is primary, and winter removes cotton net.Shallow slot position obscurity is winter 30%-40%；Summer
Season 50%-60%, First Year illumination was planted in 2000~13000Lx.
In planting process of the invention, scheme in the prior art is used for the herbal sprinkling of diseases prevention, but such as without bright
Aobvious insect pest is shown, without spraying the related drugs of insect-pest.
The dendrobium candidum that embodiment 1 obtains can be known: sweet according to the method recorded in " 2010 editions pharmacopeia of dendrobium candidum "
Dew sugar should be 4-8 with glucose peaks area ratio；Moisture is no more than 10.0%
The preparation of polysaccharide reference substance solution takes DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS reference substance appropriate, accurately weighed, adds water that every 1ml is made containing 90
The solution of μ g to get.
It is calculated by dry product, containing Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide in terms of DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS, ratio containing polysaccharide is stablized in 28%- or more,
And contain 30% or more mannose.This two are apparently higher than the dendrobium candidum cultivated in the prior art.
Embodiment 2: season, place selection: Zhejiang south low altitude area region, September are cultivated；
Tree base is cultivated in selection: the lithocarpus glaber tree of vertical growth of the selection trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground greater than 10cm guarantees that trunk side obtains
Enough illumination；
It selects seedling: dendrobium candidum plant being first subjected to hardening, carefully takes out the tissue-culture container seedling through hardening before cultivation, with clear
Water rinses the culture medium of attachment well, by seedling size fractionation, dries to root and selects suitable plant after whitening and can be colonized；
Field planting: between the in the shade side of lithocarpus glaber tree trunk, 1.5-3 meters of height, a plurality of parallel shallow slot of transverse cuts；It is described shallow
Slot obscurity is winter 30%-40%；Summer 50%-60%, plantation First Year winter illumination cannot be less than 2000Lx.Every shallow
Groove width is 3-4cm；Shallow slot quantity is 1-3 item on sustained height, is separated by 3cm or more between the shallow slot on sustained height；It is different
Distance is 30cm between adjacent shallow slot in height；And it is staggered between adjacent shallow slot on different height；In every shallow slot
Cultivation has 3-4 plants of dendrobium candidum plant, and shallow slot is filled by cattle and sheep copropel slurry after implantation, and is implanted with moss in mud surface；Every
One is equipped at 1-1.2cm above shallow slot, and dendrobium candidum plant is auxiliarily fixed by the bandage that bamboo nail is fixed；What the bamboo nail was fixed
Bandage is the straw rope for being enclosed with Caulis Spatholobi, and the bamboo nail passes through Caulis Spatholobi both ends.Due to needing to face winter at once after planting down,
Therefore it also needs to include winter protection step, i.e., wraps up straw on the outside of dendrobium candidum plant, be enclosed with non-woven fabrics on the outside of straw
And fixed by bandage, it covers below non-woven fabrics to moss surface.Further include ancillary equipment setting: ancillary equipment setting needs planting
Second year is arranged April after plant, and drip irrigation appliance is equipped with above the lithocarpus glaber tree, is close between the parallel shallow slot of different height
Tree table is equipped with cotton net, and the cotton thread screen distance is 0.3-0.5cm.Hereafter the cotton net replaces one in 1 season of spring and summer autumn
Secondary, winter removes cotton net.
Harvest: second year plays annual harvesting maturing part after plantation, and actually first time collecting time has been third year
Spring, the maturing part refer to the aerial part plant in 20 months or more growth periods；With scissor cut branch, dissipated with reducing nutrient
It becomes estranged and is conducive to wound healing, basal part of stem leaves 2~3 sections；The dendrobium candidum harvested by the 5th year is qualified finished product.Harvesting
When shearing under dendrobium candidum 6 section of root item, 7, blade, plant height 5cm, the wide 0.35cm of stem.Dendrobium candidum forms in this scheme
Slower, strain is smaller, but sugar content is higher, while the own survival period is also longer.
In planting process of the invention, scheme in the prior art is used for the herbal sprinkling of diseases prevention, but such as without bright
Aobvious insect pest is shown, without spraying the related drugs of insect-pest.
The dendrobium candidum that the present invention obtains can be known: sweet according to the method recorded in " 2010 editions pharmacopeia of dendrobium candidum "
Dew sugar should be 5-8 with glucose peaks area ratio；Moisture is no more than 8.0%
The preparation of polysaccharide reference substance solution takes DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS reference substance appropriate, accurately weighed, adds water that every 1ml is made containing 90
The solution of μ g to get.
This product is calculated by dry product, and containing Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide in terms of DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS, ratio containing polysaccharide is stablized in 29%-
Between 30%, and contain 30% or more mannose.This two are apparently higher than the dendrobium candidum cultivated in the prior art.
It should be noted that auditor may find a large amount of publicity polyoses contents 35% or more in retrieving
Dendrobium candidum is wherein the advertising of related businessman mostly, and in practical cultivating process, though it has been possible to promise dry
The polyoses content of dendrobium candidum can exceed that 30%, but the dendrobium candidum that not can guarantee the plantation of a batch in the prior art is steady
It is scheduled in this content.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
Invention is explained in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to aforementioned each implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modification or
Replacement, the spirit and scope for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of dendrobium candidum pastes tree planting method, comprising the following steps:
Cultivate season, place selection: Zhejiang Nanshan District, the first early April planting season-mid-June；Second planting season, in low altitude area
Region, October late August-；
Tree base is cultivated in selection: it is enough to guarantee that trunk side obtains for the lithocarpus glaber tree of vertical growth of the selection trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground greater than 10cm
Illumination；
It selects seedling: dendrobium candidum plant being first subjected to hardening, carefully takes out the tissue-culture container seedling through hardening before cultivation, it will with clear water
The culture medium of attachment is rinsed well, by seedling size fractionation, is dried to root and is selected suitable plant after whitening and can be colonized；
Field planting: between the in the shade side of lithocarpus glaber tree trunk, 1.5-3 meters of height, a plurality of parallel shallow slot of transverse cuts；Every shallow slot is wide
Degree is 3-4cm；Shallow slot quantity is 1-3 item on sustained height, is separated by 3cm or more between the shallow slot on sustained height；Different height
Distance is 30cm between upper adjacent shallow slot；And it is staggered between adjacent shallow slot on different height；Planting in every shallow slot has
3-4 plants of dendrobium candidum plant, shallow slot is filled by cattle and sheep copropel slurry after implantation, and is implanted with moss in mud surface；Every shallow slot
One is equipped at the 1-1.2cm of top, and dendrobium candidum plant is auxiliarily fixed by the bandage that bamboo nail is fixed；
Harvest: second year plays annual harvesting maturing part after plantation, and the maturing part refers to the ground in 20 months or more growth periods
Plant part；With scissor cut branch, to reduce, nutrient scatters and disappears and conducive to wound healing, basal part of stem leaves 2~3 sections；To
4 years dendrobium candidums harvested are qualified finished product.
2. a kind of dendrobium candidum as described in claim 1 pastes tree planting method, it is characterised in that: the fixed bandage of the bamboo nail
For the straw rope for being enclosed with Caulis Spatholobi, the bamboo nail passes through Caulis Spatholobi both ends.
3. a kind of dendrobium candidum as described in claim 1 pastes tree planting method, it is characterised in that: ancillary equipment setting: described
It is equipped with drip irrigation appliance above lithocarpus glaber tree, is close to tree table between the parallel shallow slot of different height and is equipped with cotton net, the cotton thread mesh
Diameter is 0.3-0.5cm.
4. a kind of dendrobium candidum as claimed in claim 3 pastes tree planting method, it is characterised in that: the cotton net is in the spring and summer autumn
The replacement of 1 season is primary, and winter removes cotton net.
5. a kind of dendrobium candidum as described in claim 1 pastes tree planting method, it is characterised in that: the shallow slot obscurity is the winter
Season 30%-40%；Summer 50%-60% plants First Year illumination in 2000~13000Lx.
6. a kind of dendrobium candidum as described in claim 1 pastes tree planting method, it is characterised in that: adopted within described 4th year or more
Receipts when the lower dendrobium candidum of shearing root 7-8 section, 7, blade or more, plant height is not less than 5cm, and stem is wide not less than 0.35cm.
7. a kind of dendrobium candidum as described in claim 1 pastes tree planting method, it is characterised in that: in the plantation of the second planting season
Dendrobium candidum further includes winter protection step in current winter, i.e., wraps up straw, packet on the outside of straw on the outside of dendrobium candidum plant
It is wrapped with non-woven fabrics and is fixed by bandage, covered below non-woven fabrics to moss surface.
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| CN112544419A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-26 | 彭贵阳 | Dendrobium stem planting method |
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