CN109924114B - Suspended compound dendrobium candidum under-forest planting structure and planting method - Google Patents
Suspended compound dendrobium candidum under-forest planting structure and planting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a suspended compound dendrobium candidum understory planting structure and a planting method, wherein the planting structure comprises a forest tree growing in the forest and at least one group of planting components, and the planting components comprise an isolation layer, a planting layer, a growth substrate layer and a covering net; the isolation layer comprises a plurality of isolation layer branches, and the isolation layer branches are bound on the trunk through an isolation layer binding rope; the planting layer comprises a plurality of planting layer branches, and the planting layer branches are bound on the periphery of the isolation layer through planting layer binding ropes; the growth substrate layer is arranged at the periphery of the planting layer, and the covering net wraps or covers the outer surface of the growth substrate layer; the growth substrate layer comprises a moss layer and a mixed layer formed by mixing peat soil and pine bark, and dendrobium candidum seedlings are pricked into the growth substrate layer. The planting method sequentially operates planting according to the planting structure. The invention better simulates the natural growth environment of dendrobium candidum, can fully utilize the existing forest land, and can reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the planting process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a suspended compound dendrobium candidum under-forest planting structure and also relates to a planting method for planting according to the suspended compound dendrobium candidum under-forest planting structure.
Background
Herba Dendrobii is a perennial grass plant of Orchidaceae, and has effects of nourishing yin and yang, cooling, moistening, and dredging air. Wild plants generally grow on the trunk of cliffs or tall trees in the back, are perennial herbaceous plants with very strict requirements on ecological environment, and have slow growth, low natural propagation rate and low natural yield.
Dendrobium nobile has extremely high value of traditional Chinese medicine, wherein Dendrobium officinale is a top-grade product in Dendrobium nobile. The chemical substance components such as water-soluble polysaccharide, alkaloid, amino acid, trace elements and the like contained in the dendrobium have certain efficacy in the aspects of enhancing immunity, resisting tumor, reducing blood sugar, protecting liver injury, easing pain, resisting inflammation, resisting aging and the like. Because all wild orchid plants are protected plants, the dendrobium candidum products sold in the market at present are planted manually.
At present, agricultural greenhouse facilities are mostly used in the manual cultivation of dendrobium candidum, but dendrobium candidum is planted in a greenhouse, so that the quality of finished dendrobium candidum products is easily reduced. Related researches show that compared with dendrobium candidum plants naturally grown in a wild environment, dendrobium candidum produced in an artificial planting environment does not show obvious difference in active ingredients, but has insufficient accumulation of effective dry matters and taste due to the difference of growth environments. Therefore, in order to obtain products with the quality similar to that of wild dendrobium candidum, the dendrobium candidum is planted in a forest land in many areas by simulating the natural growth environment of the dendrobium candidum. The method mainly comprises the steps of directly covering a proper arbor trunk with a binding planting matrix, then planting dendrobium candidum seedlings, or directly binding a planting bag filled with the planting matrix on the trunk.
The method for planting the dendrobium candidum on the tree trunk and the outer skin of the tree trunk in the woodland simulates the natural growth environment of the dendrobium candidum to a certain extent, so that the dendrobium candidum grown under the planting condition has the quality similar to that of the wild dendrobium candidum. There are also many problems:
1. the tree species has small choice and limited application degree in forest lands
Because dendrobium candidum is an orchid plant, the root systems of the plants are all fleshy root systems, independent roots and unnecessary roots, and the dendrobium candidum can be divided into thicker straight root-like stems and slender transverse root-like stems according to the forms. In the root growth process, the root needs to climb on the substrate. Therefore, when tree species are selected for field planting, arbor species with rough bark must be selected, which limits the possibility of planting under-forest dendrobium candidum on certain arbor species with smooth surfaces. Resulting in a low degree of application to the woodland.
2. The difficulty of pest and disease control is great
Because the dendrobium candidum under-forest planting mode is to directly fix the dendrobium candidum growing bag on the arbor trunk and directly contact with the bark, a channel is provided for the transmission of bacteria, viruses, pests and the like. And the controllability of the pest management under the forests is much unpredictable compared with the greenhouse environment. Therefore, the method has extremely high requirements for keeping the suitable under-forest natural optimal environment of the dendrobium candidum.
3. The optimal environment for natural growth of dendrobium candidum is not fully simulated
Dendrobium officinale is planted under the forest, and the most critical point is to create a continuous optimal growth environment. The most suitable growing environment of orchid is the environment of semi-yin and semi-yang, cool, moist and smooth air, and the condition is most suitable for the root system of orchid. Dendrobium officinale is planted under the forest, the semi-negative and semi-cool condition is easy to realize, but the matrix bag is tightly attached to the trunk of arbor, so that great difficulty exists in keeping cool, moist and smooth air in the matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a suspended compound dendrobium candidum under-forest planting structure.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a planting method for planting according to a suspended compound dendrobium candidum under-forest planting structure.
The invention better simulates the natural growth environment of dendrobium candidum, can fully utilize the existing forest land, and can reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the planting process.
The first technical problem is solved, and the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the under-forest planting structure for the suspended compound dendrobium candidum comprises a forest tree growing in the forest and at least one group of planting components, wherein the planting components comprise an isolation layer, a planting layer, a growth substrate layer and a covering net; the isolation layer comprises a plurality of vertical isolation layer branches distributed around the trunk of the forest, the isolation layer branches are bound on the trunk through isolation layer binding ropes, and gaps are reserved between the adjacent isolation layer branches; the planting layer comprises a plurality of vertical planting layer branches distributed around the periphery of the isolation layer, the planting layer branches are bound on the periphery of the isolation layer through planting layer binding ropes, and the adjacent planting layer branches are abutted against each other; the growth substrate layer is arranged at the periphery of the planting layer, and the covering net wraps or covers the outer surface of the growth substrate layer; the growth substrate layer comprises a moss layer positioned at the inner periphery and a mixed layer positioned at the outer periphery and formed by mixing peat soil and pine bark.
Further, the cover net is woven by hemp ropes.
Further, the moss layer is a layer of high mountain moss.
Further, the tree is a arbor.
The second technical problem is solved, and the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a planting method for planting according to a suspended compound dendrobium candidum under-forest planting structure comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting forest trees growing in evergreen broad-leaved forest or needle-broad hybrid forest;
sterilizing the isolation layer branches by adopting a method of boiling in water and then insolating, drying the isolation layer branches, soaking the isolation layer branches in plant ash solution, taking out the isolation layer branches after the isolation layer branches are absorbed, and airing;
step three, the isolation layer branches treated in the step two are distributed around the trunk of the forest, and are bound by the isolation layer binding ropes, and gaps are reserved between the adjacent isolation layer branches to form isolation layers;
step four, sterilizing the planting layer branches by adopting a method of boiling in water and then insolating, drying the planting layer branches, soaking the planting layer branches in dendrobium candidum fertilizer liquid, taking out the planting layer branches after the planting layer branches are absorbed, and airing;
step five, the planting layer branches processed in the step four are distributed around the periphery of the isolation layer, are bound on the periphery of the isolation layer through planting layer binding ropes, and the adjacent planting layer branches are abutted against each other to form a planting layer;
step six, sun-drying moss in the moss layer by adopting a insolation method, and then soaking the moss in clear water;
step seven, mixing peat soil and the retted pine bark according to the proportion of 1:1;
spreading and tiling the moss treated in the step six on a plane, and covering the mixture formed by mixing peat soil and pine bark in the step seven on the tiled moss to prepare a growth substrate layer;
step nine, wrapping the growth substrate layer prepared in the step eight by using a cover net, and then surrounding and fixing the growth substrate layer on the periphery of the planting layer;
and step ten, enabling the root parts of the dendrobium candidum seedlings to pass through meshes of the covering net and pricking into a growth matrix layer.
Further, the air humidity of the evergreen broad-leaved forest or the needle broad-leaved hybrid forest in the first step is 60-80%, and the canopy density is 0.7.
Further, the height of the forest in the first step is more than 5 meters, the chest diameter is more than 10cm, and the lowest branch height is more than 2 meters.
Further, in the second step, the isolation layer branches are dried until the water content of the isolation layer branches is reduced to below 5%, and then the isolation layer branches are soaked in plant ash solution; and step four, drying the planting layer branches until the water content of the planting layer branches is reduced to below 5%, and then soaking the planting layer branches in the dendrobium candidum fertilizer liquid.
Further, the planting method further comprises:
step eleven, when dendrobium candidum seedlings are pricked into the planting structure for planting within two weeks, if the dendrobium candidum seedlings are in spring and summer, water is sprayed once a day except for no water spraying in rainy days, and if the dendrobium candidum seedlings are in autumn and winter, water is sprayed once in two to three days; when dendrobium candidum seedlings are pricked into the planting structure for planting for one month, the branches of the planting layer are kept in a moist state.
Further, the dendrobium candidum seedlings are dendrobium candidum seedlings with domestication time of more than 8 months, stem length of more than 10cm and more than 5 branches per cluster.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the final goal of planting dendrobium candidum under the forest is to produce the dendrobium candidum product with the quality similar to that of natural environment growth. The best growing environment of the dendrobium candidum in a natural state is half-yin and half-yang, cool, moist and smooth in air. The planting structure is directly arranged on a forest tree growing in a forest, the isolating layer branches arranged in the planting structure enable the growth substrate layer not to be directly attached to a trunk, a ventilation space is formed between the surface of the trunk and the growth substrate layer of the dendrobium candidum, and due to the existence of an air heating effect, air at the lower part can pass through the ventilation space to circulate upwards, so that excessive moisture can be avoided, cooling can be realized, cooling is kept, and air smoothness is kept. Meanwhile, as the planting layer is made of planting layer branches which are tightly bound on the periphery of the isolation layer, the planting layer branches are directly and always provided with tiny gaps, but are relatively airtight, and the moisture, the temperature and the air of the growth substrate layer can be further regulated (as shown in fig. 10, the arrows indicate the air flow direction). In addition, as the material for preparing the planting layer is branches, the planting layer has good water absorption and water retention properties, can release moisture when the weather is dry and the air humidity is low, and can release fertilizer along with the moisture when the fertilizer is soaked into the branches of the planting layer, the fertilizer can be slowly absorbed by dendrobium candidum seedlings for a long time, and the growth area of the root system of the dendrobium candidum seedlings is always in a moist and fertilizer-supplied state. Therefore, the natural growth environment of the dendrobium candidum is better simulated.
2. The invention can effectively plant the dendrobium candidum under the forest by using the arbor variety with smooth surface limited in the past, reduces the limiting conditions of the dendrobium candidum under the forest in the application of the dendrobium candidum under the forest planting, and enlarges the selectable range of the dendrobium candidum under the forest in a large area.
3. In the planting method, the isolation layer branches are soaked in the plant ash solution during the production, the plant ash solution is a natural non-systemic broad-spectrum bactericide, and the plant ash solution can slowly release to the surface along with the water flowing in the planting process of the dendrobium candidum, so that the occurrence probability of diseases of the dendrobium candidum in the growth process can be effectively reduced. Meanwhile, due to the natural insect repellent effect of plant ash, insect damage in the growth process of the dendrobium candidum can be reduced to a certain extent.
4. The moss in the moss layer is selected from the high-mountain moss, and compared with the common moss, the natural water content of the high-mountain moss is lower, the natural water content of the high-mountain moss is also looser, and the high-mountain moss is more suitable for the growth of orchids such as dendrobium candidum.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the trunk of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the isolation layer of the present invention after the isolation layer branches are bound to the trunk;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the spacer layer of the present invention after the branches are bound to the trunk;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the isolation layer of the present invention after the isolation layer branches are bound to the trunk;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the planting layer of the present invention after the branches are bound around the isolation layer;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention after the planting layer branches are bound around the periphery of the isolation layer;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of the present invention after the planting layer branches are bound around the isolation layer;
FIG. 8 is one of the schematic cross-sectional views of a dendrobium candidum planted on the planting structure of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of the dendrobium candidum seedling planted on the planting structure of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a second schematic cross-sectional view of dendrobium candidum planted on the planting structure of the present invention, showing the air flow direction using arrows.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the hanging compound dendrobium candidum understory planting structure of the embodiment includes a tree grown in the forest and at least one group of planting assemblies, that is, the planting assemblies may be one group, two groups, three groups or even more, and may be determined according to the size of the tree.
The planting assembly comprises an isolation layer 2, a planting layer 3, a growth substrate layer 41 and a cover net 42. As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the isolation layer 2 includes a plurality of vertical isolation layer branches 21 distributed around the trunk 1 of the forest, the isolation layer branches 21 are bound on the trunk 1 by the isolation layer binding ropes 22, and gaps are left between the adjacent isolation layer branches 21, so that the isolation layer 2 plays an isolation role and also plays a ventilation role. As shown in fig. 10, the lower air circulates upward through the ventilation space due to the air heating effect, and arrows show the flow direction of the air. As shown in fig. 5 to 7, the planting layer 3 includes a plurality of vertical planting layer branches 31 distributed around the periphery of the isolation layer 2, the planting layer branches 31 are bound around the periphery of the isolation layer 2 by planting layer binding ropes 32, and adjacent planting layer branches 31 are closely abutted against each other, no matter how closely bound, tiny gaps are always formed between the planting layer branches, but are relatively airtight, so that the moisture, the temperature and the air of the growth substrate layer 41 can be better adjusted. As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the growth substrate 41 is disposed at the periphery of the planting layer 3, and the cover net 42 is wrapped or covered on the outer surface of the growth substrate, i.e., the growth substrate 41 is entirely wrapped in the space surrounded by the cover net 42 and then fixed at the periphery of the planting layer 3, or the cover net 42 is covered on the outer surface of the growth substrate 41, and the growth substrate 41 is fixed between the surface of the planting layer 3 and the cover net 42. The growth substrate layer 41 comprises a moss layer on the inner periphery and a mixed layer of peat soil and pine bark on the outer periphery. The roots of the dendrobium candidum seedlings 43 to be planted penetrate through the meshes of the covering net 42 and then are completely pricked into the growth matrix layer for planting, a group of planting components can be used for planting a plurality of dendrobium candidum seedlings 43, and the planting is determined according to actual planting conditions.
In order to better simulate and be suitable for the growing environment of dendrobium candidum, the cover net 42 of the embodiment is woven by hemp ropes.
Preferably, the moss layer is a layer of high mountain moss, i.e. the moss used for making the moss layer is selected from the high mountain moss.
Preferably, the tree is a arbor.
The preferable scheme of the planting structure is as follows: the preferred spacer branches 21 have a diameter of 3cm and a length of 30cm and are healthy and regularly shaped branches, the distance between each spacer branch 21 being 10cm after distribution around the trunk 1. As shown in fig. 2 to 4, eight isolation layer branches 21 are bound around the trunk, and are bound by three isolation layer binding ropes 22. The preferred planting layer branches 31 have a diameter of 2cm and a length of 40cm. As shown in fig. 5 to 7, several planting layer branches 31 are tightly bound around the periphery of the isolation layer, and are bound using five planting layer binding ropes 32. The preferred cover web 42 has a mesh diameter of 2cm, a width of 45cm and a length that ultimately allows wrapping around the planting layer.
The planting method for planting according to the suspended compound dendrobium candidum under-forest planting structure in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a forest growing in a evergreen broad-leaved forest or a needle-broad mixed forest, and removing and pruning withered branches on the tree body in order to create a better environment;
step two, sterilizing the isolation layer branch 21 by adopting a method of boiling in water and then insolating, drying the isolation layer branch 21, soaking the isolation layer branch 21 in plant ash solution, taking out the isolation layer branch 21 after the isolation layer branch is absorbed, and airing;
step three, the isolation layer branches 21 treated in the step two are distributed around the trunk 1 of the forest, and are bound by the isolation layer binding ropes 22, and gaps are reserved between the adjacent isolation layer branches 21 to form isolation layers 2;
step four, sterilizing the planting layer branch 31 by adopting a method of boiling in water and then insolating, drying the planting layer branch 31, soaking the planting layer branch 31 in dendrobium candidum fertilizer liquid, taking out the planting layer branch 31 after the planting layer branch is absorbed, and airing;
step five, the planting layer branches 31 treated in the step four are distributed around the periphery of the isolation layer 2 and are bound on the periphery of the isolation layer 2 through planting layer binding ropes 32, and adjacent planting layer branches 31 are abutted against each other to form a planting layer 3;
step six, sun-drying moss in the moss layer by adopting an insolation method, soaking the moss in clear water for 24 hours, and taking out the moss after soaking;
step seven, mixing peat soil and the retted pine bark according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the pine bark is fully retted;
spreading and tiling the moss treated in the step six on a plane, and covering the mixture formed by mixing peat soil and pine bark in the step seven on the tiled moss to prepare a growth substrate layer;
step nine, wrapping the growth substrate layer prepared in the step eight by using a cover net 42, and then surrounding and fixing the growth substrate layer on the periphery of the planting layer 3; the specific mode of the package can be as follows: spreading the cover net 42 on a plane, placing the growth substrate layer prepared in the step eight on the cover net 42, and then folding the side edges of the cover net toward the upper middle part of the growth substrate layer, thereby integrally wrapping the growth substrate layer 41;
step ten, the root of the dendrobium candidum seedling 43 passes through the mesh of the cover net 42 and is pricked into the growth matrix layer 41, and the root of the dendrobium candidum seedling 43 is fully wrapped by the growth matrix;
the method of the embodiment further comprises a step eleven, when the dendrobium candidum seedlings 43 are pricked into the planting structure for two weeks after planting, water is sprayed once a day except for no water spraying in the rainy days in spring and summer, and water is sprayed once in two to three days in autumn and winter; when the dendrobium candidum seedlings 43 are pricked into the planting structure for planting for one month, the tree branches of the planting layer are kept in a moist state. Step eleven, the daily maintenance of dendrobium candidum seedlings is to enable the dendrobium candidum seedlings to grow better.
Preferably, the air humidity of the evergreen broad-leaved forest or the needle broad-leaved hybrid forest in the first step is 60-80%, and the canopy density is about 0.7.
For the forest in the first step, the preferable height is more than 5 m, the chest diameter is more than 10cm, and the lowest branch height is more than 2 m. And the tree age is not limited, and the tree species is not limited.
Preferred requirements for drying are: step two, drying the isolation layer branches until the water content of the isolation layer branches is reduced to below 5%, and then soaking the isolation layer branches 21 in plant ash solution; in the fourth step, the planting layer branches are dried until the water content of the planting layer branches is reduced to below 5%, and then the planting layer branches 31 are soaked in the dendrobium candidum fertilizer liquid.
Preferably, the dendrobium candidum seedlings 43 are dendrobium candidum seedlings which are domesticated for more than 8 months, have stems longer than 10cm and have more than 5 branches per cluster.
Preferably, the dendrobium candidum seedlings 43 are planted on the planting structure in a matrix arrangement and distribution mode, and the vertical distance between the dendrobium candidum seedlings in the upper cluster and the lower cluster is about 20cm, and the horizontal distance between the dendrobium candidum seedlings in the left cluster and the right cluster is about 10cm.
The above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and all kinds of modifications, substitutions or alterations made to the above-mentioned structures of the present invention according to the above-mentioned general knowledge and conventional means of the art without departing from the basic technical ideas of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A planting method for planting according to a suspended compound dendrobium candidum under-forest planting structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the suspended compound dendrobium candidum understory planting structure comprises a forest tree growing in a forest and at least one group of planting components, wherein the planting components comprise an isolation layer, a planting layer, a growth substrate layer and a covering net; the isolation layer comprises a plurality of vertical isolation layer branches distributed around the trunk of the forest, the isolation layer branches are bound on the trunk through isolation layer binding ropes, and gaps are reserved between the adjacent isolation layer branches; the planting layer comprises a plurality of vertical planting layer branches distributed around the periphery of the isolation layer, the planting layer branches are bound on the periphery of the isolation layer through planting layer binding ropes, and the adjacent planting layer branches are mutually abutted; the growth substrate layer is arranged at the periphery of the planting layer, and the covering net wraps or covers the outer surface of the growth substrate layer; the growth substrate layer comprises a moss layer positioned at the inner periphery and a mixed layer positioned at the outer periphery and formed by mixing peat soil and pine bark;
the planting method comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting forest trees growing in evergreen broad-leaved forest or needle-broad hybrid forest;
sterilizing the isolation layer branches by adopting a method of boiling in water and then insolating, drying the isolation layer branches, soaking the isolation layer branches in plant ash solution, taking out the isolation layer branches after the isolation layer branches are absorbed, and airing;
step three, the isolation layer branches processed in the step two are distributed around the trunk of the forest, and are bound through an isolation layer binding rope, and gaps are reserved between the adjacent isolation layer branches to form the isolation layer;
step four, sterilizing the plant layer branches by adopting a method of boiling in water and then insolating, drying the plant layer branches, soaking the plant layer branches in dendrobium candidum fertilizer liquid, taking out the plant layer branches after the plant layer branches are absorbed, and airing;
step five, the plant layer branches processed in the step four are distributed around the periphery of the isolation layer and are bound on the periphery of the isolation layer through plant layer binding ropes, and adjacent plant layer branches are abutted against each other to form the plant layer;
step six, sun-drying moss in the moss layer by adopting an insolation method, and then soaking the moss in clear water;
step seven, mixing peat soil and the retted pine bark according to the proportion of 1:1;
spreading and tiling the moss treated in the step six on a plane, and covering the mixture formed by mixing peat soil and pine bark in the step seven on the tiled moss to prepare the growth substrate layer;
step nine, wrapping the growth substrate layer prepared in the step eight by using the cover net, and then surrounding and fixing the growth substrate layer on the periphery of the planting layer;
and step ten, enabling the root parts of the dendrobium candidum seedlings to pass through meshes of a covering net and pricking into the growth matrix layer.
2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the air humidity of the evergreen broad-leaved forest or the needle broad-leaved hybrid forest in the first step is 60-80%, and the canopy density is 0.7.
3. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the height of the forest in the first step is more than 5 meters, the chest diameter is more than 10cm, and the lowest branch height is more than 2 meters.
4. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: step two, drying the isolation layer branches until the water content of the isolation layer branches is reduced to below 5%, and then soaking the isolation layer branches in plant ash solution; and step four, drying the plant layer branches until the water content of the plant layer branches is reduced to below 5%, and then soaking the plant layer branches in dendrobium candidum fertilizer liquid.
5. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the planting method further comprises the following steps:
step eleven, when dendrobium candidum seedlings are pricked into the planting structure for planting within two weeks, if the dendrobium candidum seedlings are planted in spring and summer, water is sprayed once a day except for no water spraying in rainy days, and if the dendrobium candidum seedlings are planted in autumn and winter, water is sprayed once in two to three days; and after the dendrobium candidum seedlings are pricked into the planting structure for planting for one month, the branches of the planting layer are kept in a moist state.
6. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the dendrobium candidum seedlings are dendrobium candidum seedlings with domestication time of more than 8 months, stem length of more than 10cm and more than 5 branches per cluster.
7. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the cover net is formed by knitting hemp ropes.
8. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the moss layer is a layer of high mountain moss.
9. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the forest is arbor.
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