CN104126729A - Nutrition and health-care feed for breeding cattle and sheep-giant knotweed rhizome - Google Patents
Nutrition and health-care feed for breeding cattle and sheep-giant knotweed rhizome Download PDFInfo
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- CN104126729A CN104126729A CN201410340773.4A CN201410340773A CN104126729A CN 104126729 A CN104126729 A CN 104126729A CN 201410340773 A CN201410340773 A CN 201410340773A CN 104126729 A CN104126729 A CN 104126729A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an animal husbandry feed, and particularly relates to a nutrition and health-care feed for breeding cattle and sheep adopting a medicinal and edible plant "giant knotweed rhizome". According to the present invention, the giant knotweed rhizome is used as an edible feed for cattle and sheep; the edible feed is characterized in high biomass yield, high safety, good palatability and high basic nutritional value, and has a prominent health-care function, such that the edible feed is a pollution-free feed. As an edible feed, the giant knotweed rhizome is simple in cultivation technique, long in feeding period and convenient in usage. The giant knotweed rhizome is a treasure, the repeatedly-cut tender stems on the ground are mainly used as green fodder for feeding cattle and sheep; old stems subjected to drying, powdering and storage are also available as supplements for concentrated food; underground rhizomes can be also processed into feed additives. By using the giant knotweed rhizome as the cattle and sheep feed, the feed has unique characteristics of being nutritional, healthy, delicious and safe, and can reduce reliance on chemical additives. The feed has very important significance for the development of efficient, high quality and safe ecological breeding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to livestock feed, relate in particular to a kind of medicinal and edible plants " giant knotweed " that utilizes as the health-care nutritive feed of ox, sheep cultivation.
Background technology
It is more and more stronger that modern people pursue health care theory, "
integration of drinking and medicinal herbs, medicine food are in like manner, medicine food is same uses" having become a kind of health idea, the medicinal plant of usining nourishes health as dietotherapy becomes focus and the hot topic that people pay close attention to, also more and more deep to this research.In animal feeding, particularly
herbivore cattle and sheepin raising, can utilize equally medicinal and edible plants as health-care nutritive feed, and use conveniently, effect is more obvious.
When people develop health medicinal and edible plants, the animal of often all usining in advance starts as test material, only obtaining promising result is just promoted, but people really seldom carry out the cultivation of welfare health with integration of drinking and medicinal herbs theory to animal, on the contrary for convenient, pursue efficient, be aided with a large amount of chemicalses and add, as added antibiotic, hormone etc. in feed, the side effect that it brings and Food Quality Safety have caused people's concern.
Traditional ox, sheep cultural method are that to herd be main, larger to the destroying infection of ecological environment.Along with the raising of people's living standard, ox, sheep product demand are sharply increased, sheep raising, cowboying benefit improve, and large-scale cultivation is fast-developing, and the pressure on grassland is increasing, makes the development of cowboying, sheep husbandry be subject to serious threat.Therefore, cowboying, sheep husbandry must change traditional custom of herding, and greatly develop stable breeding cattle and sheep, are the main trend of scale cattle and sheep aquaculture development.
Like this, people are from when pursuing back to nature, but originally belonging to the animal-breeding of freely growing up under open condition and natural environment, isolate and come.Cowboying sheep husbandry is like this equally, cattle and sheep stable breeding is got up, plant careless cowboying sheep, changed cattle and sheep free choice feeding, take the custom that " hundred grass " be nutrition, thereby brought greenfeed kind single, malnutrition, physique declines, the problems such as resistance weakens, often cause large area subalimentation and mass-sending venereal disease evil, very unfavorable to the development of stable breeding cattle and sheep, particularly thorny between naturally cultivating and propagating artificially.
How to solve
stable breeding cattle and sheepdegradation problem under the large and physique of green grass feed demand amount that large-scale development brings, people bring into use various additives, certainly also comprise that use Chinese medicine is as additive, and its limitation is still clearly.Problem still revert to resolve feed popularity, balance and and alimentary health-care function on, widely popularize " integration of drinking and medicinal herbs " plant and be undoubtedly a good equalization point as health-care nutritive feed, having developed Chinese medicine plant polygonum cuspidatum as health-care nutritive functional feed, is exactly practicable effective ways.
Giant knotweed is a kind of very important Chinese medicine, as health-care vegetable, carries out artificial cultivation.The young stem and leaf of giant knotweed is the high-quality feed of ox, sheep equally, has outstanding alimentary health-care function.Giant knotweed is distributed widely in Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Guizhou and each province, south China and the Taiwan of China, is distributed in Japan abroad and introduces a fine variety the U.S. and the area such as Britain.Giant knotweed is as a kind of Chinese traditional herbs, has promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, the effect such as clearing heat and detoxicating, and its contained resveratrol has the significantly effect of anti-oxidant, anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, antiallergy and reducing blood lipid, also has significantly anticancer, cancer suppressing action.In Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Deng Di mountain area, Fujian is among the people often with the young stem and leaf of giant knotweed, as the custom of health care wild vegetable, its taste is crisp, micro-acid is tasty and refreshing, contributes to digestion.
The application study of Efforts To Develop health-care nutritive " dietotherapeutic "-giant knotweed feed has initiative meaning, the proposition of this concept is also for animal-breeding feed variation exploitation provides wide space, to carrying forward China's tradition herbal medicine culture, the plant resources of development and utilization China's abundant, succession and development China tradition aquaculture are significant.
Summary of the invention
Originally be invention for ox, sheepfold support that the greenfeed demand facing in process is large, degradation problem under plantation forage grass kind nutrition totipotency deficiency and sheep physique, develop the widely used Chinese medicine plant of a kind of people "
giant knotweed" as ox, sheep, cultivate feeding health-care nutritive feed.Utilize plant polygonum cuspidatum as ox, the edible feed of sheep, not only have that higher biological yield, edible safety are high, good palatability and the costly feed essential characteristic of basic nutrition, and also having outstanding health care, the ecologic breeding tool of, high-quality efficient to developing, safety is of great significance.
Planting growing giant knotweed as feed, is the inevitable requirement of development China characteristic Forage Germplasm Resources.China is existing plants grass cultivation ox, sheep forage grass kind used mostly from external introduction, seldom have oneself kind, and China is vast in territory, and the plant resources that is richly stored with is herded and provided only day and obtain thick natural environmental condition for traditional ox, sheep.Giant knotweed is exactly one of representative plant wherein, owing to well not developed, making it to using subterraneous root uses as Chinese medicine, and the cauline leaf that they are a large amount of, that power of regeneration is strong, healthy nutritive value is higher is abandoned product, this is not only the wasting of resources, and is the disappearance that China develops Forage Germplasm Resources.
Giant knotweed cultivation management technology is simple, and plant is tall and big, and output is high, and plantation is once benefited for many years.Giant knotweed is the large-scale herbaceous plant of perennial root, wild by mountain valley, small stream, bank, the dark and damp place of sylvan life, the gentle moistening weather of happiness, strong adaptability, is not afraid of waterlogging, cold-resistant, at some regional well-growns of the north.Soil is required not tight, general soil all can be planted, but deeper in, fertile, moistening well with soil layer.The resistance to especially fertilizer of giant knotweed, the more growths of fertilizer are better, grow vigorous, and peasant household plants on a small quantity, is mostly planted in by dunghill.
Giant knotweed is a kind of nuisance free feed., there is not disease and pest in giant knotweed resistance, without laxative, is a kind of safe feed substantially in cultivation process.
Giant knotweed is early to start one of herbaceous plant of sprout growth spring, can be for the phase from May to November as feed, and this is the not available advantage of other forage grass, to greatly developing ox, sheep cultivation tool is of great significance.
Giant knotweed is easy to use as feed, and whole body is precious, has nutrition, health care, good to eat, safe unique features.Giant knotweed on the ground young stem and leaf can be directly as greenfeed feed ox, sheep Herbivore, old cauline leaf shines dry grinding storage and also can be used as the use of fine fodder replenishers, underground rhizome can become feed addictive by processing and refining equally.
Take giant knotweed as feed, generally: using young stem and leaf as ox, sheep Diet, every day, every ox can feed 2～4 kilograms, sheep can feed 0.5～1 kilogram, and coordinate other plant cobalt blue pigment, to reaching full-time property and totipotency daily ration, meet ox, sheep growing nutrient demand.Cauline leaf dry powder can be mixed with other fine fodder, and every hundred jin can be added 5～10 kilograms, this powder, as used subterraneous root as products and health products additive agent, in every hundred jin of fine fodders, can add 2～5 kilograms.
beneficial effect is:
The one, giant knotweed good palatability.Giant knotweed is as health medicine food dual purpose plant, both can be used as greenfeed and directly supplied ox, sheep feeding, also can be processed into feed addictive.Using young stem and leaf as greenfeed, and ox, sheep are liked to eat very much, and food mouthful property is good, and appetite is strong, even older cane also can be eaten up, does not substantially produce leftover bits and pieces.
The 2nd, giant knotweed planting patterns is simple, and greenfeed output is high, is conducive to supplement the deficiency of stable breeding ox, sheep greenfeed.Giant knotweed is a kind of large-scale perennial root herbaceous plant of dietotherapeutic, and strong adaptability is not strict to soil requirement, under various soil environment conditions, all can plant, and management is simple, and growth period, speed was fast, and power of regeneration is strong, and plant is tall and big, and biological yield is high.The in the situation that of fertilizer and water condition abundance, general giant knotweed young stem and leaf can gather in 3～4 times every year, and per mu yield can reach 2～30,000 jin, is a kind of urgently this soil type of high yield and high quality greenfeed kind leaved for development.
Three are of high nutritive value, and are conducive to regulate the proportionality action of cowboying sheep raising greenfeed nutrition.Giant knotweed cauline leaf is the good a kind of feed of ox, sheep palatability, nutritious, according to surveying and determination, and in the fresh cauline leaf of 100g, moisture content 95.6g, protein 2.41g, fatty 0.11g, fiber 0.86g, carbohydrate 0.44g, vitamin C 118mg, Cobastab 0.19mg, carrotene 4.94mg.It is feeding that giant knotweed is supplied cattle and sheep in a large number as greenfeed, and coordinate with other artificial growth greenfeed, has complementary its malnourished feature, makes it reach the harmony of nutrition.
The 4th, health-care effect is obvious.The bioactivator that contains a large amount of health cares in giant knotweed cauline leaf, as: the anthraquinone derivatives of giant knotweed, stilbene compound (as RV and RV etc.), fallacinol, 6-hydroxyl aloe-emodin etc., flavone compound etc., in giant knotweed, also isolate a kind of polysaccharide that contains 38 monose, still containing free amino acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachic acid and inorganic elements copper, iron, zinc, manganese, potassium etc., particularly " RV " content is the highest in plant, there is anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiallergy, Anti-bacterium is invaded, improve the multi-efficiencies such as immunity, it is the fine work of animal health-care feed.
The 5th, the mode of feeding is simple.As greenfeed, can directly from field extracts, feed, also can shine dry grinding and mix in fine fodder as feed addictive.
The specific embodiment
embodiment 1: giant knotweed cultivation management technology
giant knotweed is perennial root herbaceous plant, and stand density is large, and stem Gao Keda is more than 2 meters, underground root-like stock can spend severe cold winter and again rudiment grow new plant, once plantation is benefited for many years, this is the incomparable advantage of other pasture growing.Plantation is then benefited then, can enter forage grass growth animated period after Second Year, and its output is doubled and redoubled.Concrete cultivation technique is as follows:
(1) do furrow wholely
Cultivation giant knotweed should select water resource is abundant, soil layer is deep, quality is loose, fertile mountain furrow field and arable land to plant, planting turns over for first 1 month shines soil, then every 667m2 organic fertilizer 2000kg, calcium superphosphate 200kg, urea 100kg is as base, particularly utilize and become thoroughly decomposed cattle and sheep ight soil as base manure, and coordinate during deep ploughing is manured into soil.Before planting, do furrow, furrow are wide at 1～1.2m, and length is suited measures to local conditions.
(2) seed root propagation and field planting technology
Giant knotweed be take Propagation of Rhizomes as main, and its method is: by giant knotweed underground rhizome, be cut into 10～20cm long, with the kind root of 2～3 buds, kind root is more slightly better.On furrow face, by seeding row spacing 40cm * 50cm or 40cm * 40cm, hold plantation ditch or cave (every 667m2 plants 2000～2500 strains and is advisable) successfully, then kind of a root is put into ditch or cave, the bud of planting root will be upward, fibrous root will be unfolded, earthing 3～5cm, lid layer seed manure, waters permeable.This method breeding field planting is best with spring.
(3) field management
1. intertill and clean tillage and ridging.In the season of growth, carry out manpower weeding, do not use herbicide as far as possible.Intertillage in 1 year 1～2 time, the degree of depth 8～10cm, 8～10cm earths up simultaneously.If weed growth is vigorous, be manually awkward again, can use smart quizalofopethyl, lid energy and so on to go out except grass family class weeds.
2. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings.After insemination and emergence, when seedling has 5～8 true leaves, to start thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings.Seedling thinning will be carried out in the overstocked place of seedling, and timely after-culture is wanted in the excessive place of seedling spacing in the rows, and seedling is evenly distributed at whole furrow face, after after-culture, will water in time, guarantees to survive.
3. apply fertilizers scientifically.The fertilising of science is the key measure of guaranteeing giant knotweed high yield, therefore, will look soil fertility and plant growing way after planting, application in time, and special ox, sheep ight soil are good fertilizers.In the season of growth, in conjunction with manpower weeding and ridging, impose quick-acting fertilizer 1～3 time, fertilizer type be take inorganic mineral fertilizer as main, and joins and execute bio-bacterial manure and trace-element fertilizer, and the consumption that topdresses is advisable with 2～5g/m2.Be respectively April, June and early September the period of topdressing, take and gather young stem and leaf as main field cultivation, after gathering, impose quick-acting fertilizer at every turn 1 time.Fertilizing method adopts ditch spread or is watered to water and executes.Use in a large number the ox, the sheep dejection organic fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed and be more conducive to obtain high yield.
4. water management.At setting date, tender shoots germination period, seedling growth stage, furrow face soil, start to turn white and occur and should irrigate in time or water after arid or fertilising, make soil often keep moisture state; In rainy season or milpa ponding, want timely draining, especially, when hot and humid, add forced ventilation, reduce disease and pest and occur, improve giant knotweed output and quality.
(4) winter management
Giant knotweed is perennial plant, although winter, aerial part was withered, but the growing point of under ground portion is still dynamic, therefore implement winter management and be carry out every production management in next year the most basic, be also most important technological means, to reaching, early send out spring, send out soon, the objects of strong bamboo shoot.
①Qing garden.Withered branch, fallen leaves and the weeds of aerial part will be cleared up in time, shift out outside garden and burn, or pile on the spot some rickle on-site incinerations, can reduce like this vegetable garden disease and pest harm.
2. shallow plowing and weeding.Winter, giant knotweed underground bud head was overhead very near, and suitably shallow plowing is conducive to weed a garden and water conservation, insulation effect.In order to prevent weeds vigorous growth in spring, overcome the shortcoming that is not easy to again management due to rudiment, should at the beginning of 2 months, carry out once chemistry sealing weeding, utilize Acetochlor and paraquat mixed liquor to spray, both removed in time the weeds that sprout early spring in winter, and can guarantee that again weeds can not emerge before giant knotweed envelope ridge.
3. keep ground moistening.If winter, severe drought should be poured water in time, to keep ground moistening for well, if sleet too much will be carried out the work of ditch cleaning draining.
4. fertilising.Winter, fertilising was the basis that promotes annual growth, should coordinate intertillage to carry out.Can apply in a large number the fertilizers such as plant ash, barnyard manure and the ox of becoming thoroughly decomposed, sheep ight soil main December～January, and substantially to cover furrow face for well, and intertillage mixes with soil, and the rainy chance of early March utilization applies NPK fertilizer, 667m2 sealing fertilizer 100kg, potash fertilizer 50kg.
embodiment 2: the gathering and administrative skill of giant knotweed cauline leaf
(1) collecting method
Giant knotweed is generally at late March, and ground temperature is stabilized in 10 ℃ just to start to emerge above, the tender bamboo shoot fast growth just growing from ground, 50 centimetres of left and right of 15 days left and right Ke Da.Enter vigorous period 4～May, reach after maximum height and just stop growing tall (raw seedling growing height is not as Second Year then) at the beginning of 6 months, meet white aerial part November withered, under ground portion is waited until germination and growth again in spring in next year.
It is edible as ox, sheep greenfeed that giant knotweed is usingd young stem and leaf.Due to giant knotweed, not only cauline leaf power of regeneration is strong, and the plant that also can not timing makes new advances from underground sprouting of underground root-like stock, within 1 year, can concentrate harvesting 3～4 times, be each harvesting of May, June, July, August once, also can be according to giant knotweed growing way and cattle and sheep feed conditions of demand every day, in a planned way irregularly gather in, to meet ox, sheep daily ration collocation demand.Before frost, to all gather in to dry as pulvis feed and coordinate and feed with other fine fodder.
Harvesting standard is can extract as feed when stem height of seedling degree reaches 80 centimetres of above height in good time.General cutting height apart from 30 centimetres, ground for well, in order to sending out again.
(2) harvested management
Each harvesting all will keep sufficient liquid manure to supply with, and is the key that obtains good quality and high output.Often cut once can spread and execute the cattle and sheep ight soil that one deck becomes thoroughly decomposed, fertilizer is The more the better, and rural area single household plants growing giant knotweed and is just planted on dunghill as medicinal.In order to obtain high yield, can enrich quick-acting chemical fertilizer, every 15 days, coordinate to pour water every mu and spread fertilizer over the fields 15 kilograms, urea, or 20 kilograms of composite fertilizers.The more waterlogging stain of giant knotweed, keeps ground moistening to be conducive to growth.
embodiment 3: the palatability testing of feeding
This test solves ox, the whether edible giant knotweed problem of sheep, thereby can proof use giant knotweed as feed.
Test site: Anhui Science and Technology College's experimental animal cultivation base.Experimental animal ox, sheep.Giant knotweed feed resource is herbal garden giant knotweed production field in Anhui Science and Technology College (ground more than 1 mu).In in June, 2013～2014 year June time, discontinuous harvesting giant knotweed young stem and leaf is fed.
At every turn feed ox, sheep extremely liked to eat, an adult dairy cattle is at most once fed 15 jin, a mature beef once feeds 20 jin at most, one childhood sheep once feed at most 3 jin, an adult sheep once feeds 5 jin at most, all shows material feeding in big mouthfuls, does not substantially have leftover bits and pieces, can allow cattle and sheep have enough, the state of mind is fine.
Under normal circumstances, using giant knotweed as one of hay varieties, should coordinate other artificial growth green grass feed to feed, test shows, usings giant knotweed young stem and leaf as ox, sheep Diet, every day, every ox can feed 2～4 kilograms, sheep can feed 0.5～1 kilogram, and coordinates other plant cobalt blue pigment, to reaching full-time property and totipotency daily ration, supplies with, meet ox, sheep growing nutrient demand, be conducive to supplement the not comprehensive nutrition problem that other greenfeed of plantation brings.
In order further to verify that giant knotweed can be used as ox, sheep feed, we carry out feeding experiment to professional raising farmer again, and ox, sheep all show the feature that love is eaten.
embodiment 4: health-care effect test
This test solves giant knotweed ox, sheep is had or not and built up health and the health-care effect problem of resistance against diseases.
Test site: Lujiang, Anhui county Taiwan agriculture Demonstration Garden mutton sheep plant.Experimental animal sheep.Herbal garden giant knotweed production field in giant knotweed feed resource Lujiang, Anhui county Taiwan agriculture Demonstration Garden.In August, 2013 time and in May, 2014 carry out at twice, 10 of each selection sheep childhood are divided into two groups, and wherein one group of 5 bellwether, in the situation that feeding artificial growth forage grass, mended and feed 2 jin of giant knotweed young stem and leafs every day, 5 sheep of another group forage grass of artificial growth of only feeding in contrast, the time is one month.
Result shows, it is strong that a group of giant knotweed young stem and leaf of feeding shows as mobility, the state of mind is good, there are not any disease and the phenomena of mortality, the speed of growth is obviously faster than control group, daily gain has improved 10% than control group, and control group has the phenomenon of having loose bowels in various degree to occur at every turn, and it is good-looking that skin and hair are not so good as control group.
embodiment 5: disease preventing and treating feeding experiment
Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine is uploaded and is utilized giant knotweed can treat the multiple case of ox, sheep various diseases, with the young stem and leaf cattle and sheep of feeding, equals to have added a kind of natural antibiotics for cattle and sheep, is conducive to improve the quality and safety of product.
On the basis of above-mentioned embodiment 4, for having loose bowels of often occurring in sheep feeding process, and experimental group not have loose bowels phenomenon, we separate the giant knotweed young stem and leaf of feeding at the sheep that will have loose bowels, every day secondary, feed 2 jin at every turn, generally through 3 day time, can transfer normal condition to, this may strengthen relevant to the inhibition ability of pathogen with giant knotweed with physique.
Because utilize giant knotweed at the early-stage as feed research, its alimentary health-care function test can only draw qualitative conclusion from range estimation and sense organ, need further deeply to be carried out quantitative study, this will bring into play positive impetus to developing this valuable forage grass plant resources.
Claims (5)
1. a cattle and sheep health-care nutritive feed-giant knotweed, it is characterized in that, described feed giant knotweed not only has that biological yield is high, edible safety is high, good palatability and the basic feature being of high nutritive value, and also has outstanding health care, is a kind of nuisanceless feed that can artificial growth.
2. according to right 1, require described feed, it is characterized in that, giant knotweed is simple as forage growing technology, and plant is tall and big, and output is high, and disease and pest does not occur in cultivation management process resistance substantially, without spraying insecticide, safe.
3. according to right 1, require described feed, it is characterized in that, palatability is good, and the feeding phase is long, easy to use.
4. according to right 1, require described feed, it is characterized in that, giant knotweed whole body is precious, be of high nutritive value, can repeatedly extract ground young stem and leaf as cattle and sheep greenfeed, old cauline leaf shines dry grinding storage and also can be used as the use of fine fodder replenishers, and underground rhizome can become feed addictive by processing and refining equally.
5. according to right 1, require described feed, it is characterized in that, utilize giant knotweed as cattle and sheep feed, have unique health care, reduce the dependence to chemical addition agent, the ecologic breeding tool of, high-quality efficient to developing, safety is of great significance.
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| CN104814303A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-05 | 杨帆 | Blending method of feed specially used for cattle and sheep |
| CN104814307A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-05 | 柳州市安顺养殖专业合作社 | Blending process of feed for breeding cattle and sheep |
| CN104814304A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-05 | 杨帆 | Feed specially used for cattle and sheep |
| CN104886362A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-09-09 | 柳州市安顺养殖专业合作社 | Cattle and sheep breeding feed |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104814303A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-05 | 杨帆 | Blending method of feed specially used for cattle and sheep |
| CN104814307A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-05 | 柳州市安顺养殖专业合作社 | Blending process of feed for breeding cattle and sheep |
| CN104814304A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-05 | 杨帆 | Feed specially used for cattle and sheep |
| CN104886362A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-09-09 | 柳州市安顺养殖专业合作社 | Cattle and sheep breeding feed |
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Application publication date: 20141105 |