CN114467663A - Production method of high-quality rice of rice in cold region - Google Patents
Production method of high-quality rice of rice in cold region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a method for producing high-quality rice of cold region rice, which comprises the following steps of breeding improved varieties, and selecting high-quality varieties with proper quality, stress resistance and maturity according to local natural conditions; pretreating seeds; seedling raising; managing a local field; transplanting, namely determining a transplanting period according to the heading period, controlling the heading period of the high-quality rice in the cold area to be about 8 months, 3 days to 8 months and 5 days, so that the optimal transplanting period is 5 months, 15 days to 25 days, the seedling age is preferably 3.5 to 4.5 leaves, the transplanting requirement is that the plant spacing is fixed, no transplanting is carried out, the number and depth of seedlings in holes are consistent, and the transplanting density is preferably 20 to 25 holes/square meter; reasonably applying fertilizer and irrigating; acquiring field satellite remote sensing characteristic data, building a field comprehensive management platform, well preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of rice, harvesting and processing in good time, flexibly adjusting irrigation quantity of water sources required by the rice in each period, and well preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of the rice in each growth period in time, so that high-yield high-quality rice suitable for cold-region environments can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a method for producing high-quality rice in cold regions.
Background
The rice is originally produced in Asian tropical zone, the rice is planted in the Yangtze river valley of China seven thousand years ago, and is gradually spread to all over the world after being planted in China, according to different methods, the rice can be divided into indica rice and japonica rice, early rice, middle and late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice, scientists in China are Yuanlongping and make great contribution to the research on the hybrid rice, and the rice is known as the father of the hybrid rice, the rice is formed as rice, the rice is called as brown rice after glume of the rice is removed, the brown rice is called as rice or rice after rice bran layer is removed, nearly half of the population in the world takes the rice as food, the rice can be eaten by various methods, such as rice, rice gruel, rice cake, rice noodle and the like, and besides the rice can be eaten, the rice can be used for brewing wine, making sugar and making industrial raw materials, and the rice husks and rice stalks also have multiple purposes.
The rice main production area in China mainly belongs to the northeast region, the Yangtze river basin and the Zhujiang river basin, belongs to direct economic crops, is staple food of one third of human beings in the world, has good taste and rich nutrition, has higher status in Chinese people, is popular with consumers, and is in fierce competition after China adds WTO, so that the rice is a product benefited by China in the grain trade liberalization process; the international rice market is widened more and more, the benefit obtained by conventional rice production is far from being insufficient, the rice quality is a core problem, and factors influencing the taste of rice can be summarized as follows: the hereditary character, the temperature in the maturing period and the nutrient supply condition of the variety are that high-quality rice varieties are fully utilized firstly to improve the taste of the rice; secondly, the cultivation techniques such as soil characteristics, fertilization management and the like are fully utilized, so that the high-quality characteristics of the variety are fully expressed; at present, in rice production, due to the fact that the selling quality and the price of rice are not good, the enthusiasm of rice farmers for producing high-quality rice is influenced, only the yield is pursued in the aspect of cultivation technology, the quality is not paid attention to, even though the rice has the characteristics of the high-quality rice, the high-quality rice cannot be produced, along with the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the high-quality safe rice is more and more favored, the high-quality safe rice occupies more and more main positions in the market, the high-quality rice is accepted by the public, the high-quality rice production is developed, the commodity rate is improved, and the economic benefit is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing high-quality rice in cold regions, which aims to solve the problems and is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a production method of high-quality rice of rice in cold regions, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: selecting high-quality varieties with high quality, stress resistance and suitable mature period according to local natural conditions;
step S2: the method comprises the following steps of:
sunning, selecting sunny and slow weather 15 days before sowing, sunning for 2-3 days, and wind screening and storing in combination with awn removal after sunning;
selecting seeds with saline water, pouring rice seeds into the saline water, pouring the rice seeds with the amount not more than half of the water, pouring while stirring, fishing out blighted grains on the rice seeds after the seeds sink, fishing out the sunk full seeds, and washing the fished seeds with clear water for 2-3 times;
soaking and sterilizing, rinsing selected seeds with clear water for 1-2 times, washing off attached salt, uniformly mixing 3kg seeds per mu of field with 5-6kg water, adding 2ml of 25% Baoke emulsifiable concentrate or 20g of 35% Rongmianling, keeping the water temperature at 11-12 ℃, soaking and sterilizing for 6-7 days, and overturning for 1-2 times every day;
and (3) accelerating germination, namely stacking the soaked seeds, pouring warm water, breaking the breast at the stacking temperature of 30-32 ℃, accelerating germination at the room temperature of 22-25 ℃, exposing roots and buds about 1mm in a 'double-mountain' shape, and airing the buds in a shade for more than 6 hours for sowing.
Step S3: seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising process comprises the following steps:
preparing a land for making a bed, selecting a courtyard or garden field which is leeward, dry, flat, sunny and convenient in water source as a seedbed field, marking out the field according to a big shed, a middle shed and a small shed adopted for seedling culture, and setting the seedling culture area according to the proportion of a seedling field as 1: 120, shallow-turning the seedling bed for 5-10cm, applying 30% of the total amount of the nutrient soil modulator on the seedling bed, pouring the liquid medicine with poison bait or on the seedling bed, finely raking and leveling, buckling the greenhouse 10 days before sowing, and completely pouring bottom water 1 day before sowing;
preparing nutrient soil, wherein the nutrient soil is river casing soil, canal dry soil, forest land or dry field soil of hills and hills, soil taking is carried out in 7-8 months of the first year in combination with accumulated fertilizer, soil taking amount of dry seedlings is calculated according to 22000kg/m and 1000kg/m of pot seedling raising, and the structure of the nutrient soil is adjusted before seedling raising;
sowing, wherein a proper sowing period is determined according to the air temperature and the variety maturity, sowing can be carried out in the middle and middle of 4 months in plain areas, sowing can be carried out in the middle and middle of 4 months in semi-mountainous areas and mountainous areas, and the sowing method can adopt three sowing modes of isolation layer seedling, tray seedling and plastic bowl tray seedling;
a sensor is arranged on the seedbed ground to monitor the seedbed bottom temperature, the soil humidity, the soil pH value and the like;
seedling emergence, namely adjusting the temperature, the pH value, the soil humidity, the ventilation condition and the like in the greenhouse in time by combining data information acquired by a sensor of the seedbed;
preparing before transplanting, and transplanting by spraying water 800 times of 40% dimethoate missible oil and water one day before transplanting.
Step S4: managing the land, wherein the plowing depth of the soil in the rice field is optimal to be 15cm, the clay or sandy loam can be properly increased or reduced, the land with insufficient water source can adopt a rotary tillage method, the depth is required to be 10-12cm, the water source with high organic matter content is insufficient, no tillage can be realized, the plowing time is required to be carried out in autumn, the plowing is carried out 2-5 days before transplanting rice seedlings, and the land is soaked in the land about one week before harrowing;
step S5: transplanting, namely determining a transplanting period according to the heading period, controlling the heading period of the high-quality rice in the cold area to be about 8 months, 3 days to 8 months and 5 days, so that the optimal transplanting period is 5 months, 15 days to 25 days, the seedling age is preferably 3.5 to 4.5 leaves, the transplanting requirement is that the plant spacing is fixed, no transplanting is carried out, the number and depth of seedlings in holes are consistent, and the transplanting density is preferably 20 to 25 holes/square meter;
step S6: reasonably applying fertilizer and irrigating, additionally applying organic fertilizer, re-applying tillering fertilizer, applying less spike fertilizer, applying no grain fertilizer as much as possible, wherein the fertilizer application ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 2: 1: 1, determining the total fertilization amount according to the force, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is the best ammonium sulfate, and then urea is used for reasonable irrigation according to different periods of rice;
step S7: acquiring field satellite remote sensing characteristic data, building a field comprehensive management platform, well preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of rice, harvesting and processing at proper time, acquiring the characteristic data of the field rice by using satellite remote sensing, building the field comprehensive management platform, dynamically monitoring the growth of the rice, preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests, and optimizing field management.
Preferably: the seedlings transplanted by the S5 generally adopt medium seedlings and big seedlings, wherein the medium seedlings are 3.1-3.5 leaves in leaf age and 30-35 days in length, the seedlings are about 13cm in height, the big seedlings are 4.1-4.5 leaves in leaf age and 35-40 days in length, the seedlings are about 17cm in height, and the strong seedlings are characterized by wide stem base parts, developed root systems and regular and consistent plant height with the first leaf height.
Preferably: the space resolution of the remote sensing image is required to be more than 0.5 meter, and at least comprises R, G, B wave bands including WorldView-2 remote sensing satellite data and Chinese Hi-Jing-I remote sensing satellite data.
Preferably: s2 selecting seeds with saline water of different maturity by selecting the seeds with the saline water of 1.13 specific gravity, the specific method comprises the steps of adding 12.5kg of salt into 50kg of water, stirring and dissolving uniformly to prepare a solution of 1.13 specific gravity, taking the seeds for seed selection, and testing and adjusting the specific gravity of the saline water once the seeds are selected.
Preferably: the isolation layer seedling raising and sowing method of S3 comprises the following steps:
a hole mulching film or a woven bag is flatly laid on the bed surface, and four sides of the bed are surrounded by a frame with the height of 3 cm;
filling nutrient soil with the thickness of 2.5cm, strickling and watering water according to the quantity of about 5 kg/square meter;
timely sowing after water penetration, sowing the seeds according to the weight of 200 plus 250 g/square meter, sowing two thirds of the seeds firstly, then uniformly sowing the rest one third again, and lightly pressing by using a wood board after sowing to ensure that the seeds are tightly attached to bed soil;
covering nutrient soil of about 1cm, covering soil as little as possible based on no exposed seeds;
applying the sealing herbicide to the seedling bed and covering with one layer of mulching film.
Preferably: the plastic bowl-tray seeding method of S3 comprises the following steps:
loading soil, namely, loading the prepared nutrient soil into a disc and leveling the nutrient soil, and pressing the nutrient soil to two thirds by using a soil pressing plate;
sowing, namely sowing by using a matched sowing machine, and ensuring 2-3 bud seeds in each pot;
covering soil, namely covering the seeds as thin and uniform as possible based on the fact that the seeds are not exposed;
placing the tray, thoroughly watering the seedbed one day before placing the tray, pressing the pot tray into the bed soil for 0.5-1cm when placing the tray, leaving no gap between the trays, and thoroughly watering the fine-hole watering can after placing the tray;
and (4) laminating, namely, after sealing by using a sealant, paving a layer of mulching film.
Preferably: the tray-breeding seeding method of S3 is basically the same as the isolation layer seedling-breeding seeding method, but the leveling of the bed and the appropriate increase of the seeding rate are required.
Preferably: the harvesting period of S7 is determined according to the yellowing degree of the grains, when more than 90% of the grains turn yellow and mature, one third of the cob turns yellow, and little green grains exist at the base, which is the optimal harvesting period, the grains are bundled into small bundles after being harvested and naturally aired, and threshing is performed when the moisture content is reduced to about 15%.
Preferably: s7, the control of diseases, pests and weeds and the reasonable irrigation mainly comprise agricultural control, biological control, physical control, chemical control of main diseases, pests and weeds and the like, and the control work and the adjustment process of field water source irrigation are carried out in a targeted manner according to image data obtained by a satellite remote sensing technology.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by building a comprehensive management platform by means of satellite remote sensing image technology, the growth of the rice is monitored in real time, and based on the data comparison of the remote sensing image, including the reflectance spectrum of the rice and the like, the rice growth regulation process can be conveniently carried out in each period of the rice growth, the production method of the invention can produce high-quality rice suitable for the growing environment of cold regions, as the sensor is arranged on the seedbed ground, the temperature, the soil humidity, the soil PH value and the like of the seedbed bottom are monitored, and the data information acquired by the sensor of the seedbed is combined, can adjust the temperature, PH value, soil humidity and ventilation condition in the shed in time, combines the images of the production condition of the rice in each period obtained by the satellite remote sensing technology, the irrigation quantity of water sources required by the rice in each period can be flexibly adjusted, and the prevention and treatment work of diseases, pests and weeds in each growth period of the rice can be timely carried out, so that high-quality rice suitable for the cold area environment can be produced at high yield.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing high-quality rice from rice in cold regions.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention is a method for producing high-quality rice in cold regions, comprising the following steps:
step S1: selecting high-quality varieties with high quality, stress resistance and suitable mature period according to local natural conditions;
step S2: the method comprises the following steps of:
sunning, selecting sunny and slow weather 15 days before sowing, sunning for 2-3 days, and wind screening and storing in combination with awn removal after sunning;
selecting seeds with saline water, pouring rice seeds into the saline water, pouring the rice seeds with the amount not more than half of the water, pouring while stirring, fishing out blighted grains on the rice seeds after the seeds sink, fishing out the sunk full seeds, and washing the fished seeds with clear water for 2-3 times;
soaking and sterilizing, rinsing selected seeds with clear water for 1-2 times, washing off attached salt, uniformly mixing 3kg seeds per mu of field with 5-6kg water, adding 2ml of 25% Baoke emulsifiable concentrate or 20g of 35% Rongmianling, keeping the water temperature at 11-12 ℃, soaking and sterilizing for 6-7 days, and overturning for 1-2 times every day;
and (3) accelerating germination, namely stacking the soaked seeds, pouring warm water, breaking the breast at the stacking temperature of 30-32 ℃, accelerating germination at the room temperature of 22-25 ℃, exposing roots and buds about 1mm in a 'double-mountain' shape, and airing the buds in a shade for more than 6 hours for sowing.
Step S3: seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising process comprises the following steps:
preparing a land for making a bed, selecting a courtyard or garden field which is leeward, dry, flat, sunny and convenient in water source as a seedbed field, marking out the field according to a big shed, a middle shed and a small shed adopted for seedling culture, and setting the seedling culture area according to the proportion of a seedling field as 1: 120, shallow-turning the seedling bed for 5-10cm, applying 30% of the total amount of the nutrient soil modulator on the seedling bed, pouring the liquid medicine with poison bait or on the seedling bed, finely raking and leveling, buckling the greenhouse 10 days before sowing, and completely pouring bottom water 1 day before sowing;
preparing nutrient soil, wherein the nutrient soil is river casing soil, canal dry soil, forest land or dry field soil of hills and hills, soil taking is carried out in 7-8 months of the first year in combination with accumulated fertilizer, soil taking amount of dry seedlings is calculated according to 22000kg/m and 1000kg/m of pot seedling raising, and the structure of the nutrient soil is adjusted before seedling raising;
sowing, wherein a proper sowing period is determined according to the air temperature and the variety maturity, sowing can be carried out in the middle and middle of 4 months in plain areas, sowing can be carried out in the middle and middle of 4 months in semi-mountainous areas and mountainous areas, and the sowing method can adopt three sowing modes of isolation layer seedling, tray seedling and plastic bowl tray seedling;
a sensor is arranged on the seedbed ground to monitor the seedbed bottom temperature, the soil humidity, the soil pH value and the like;
seedling emergence, namely adjusting the temperature, the pH value, the soil humidity, the ventilation condition and the like in the greenhouse in time by combining data information acquired by a sensor of the seedbed;
preparing before transplanting, and transplanting by spraying water 800 times of 40% dimethoate missible oil and water one day before transplanting.
Step S4: managing the land, wherein the plowing depth of the soil in the rice field is optimal to be 15cm, the soil or sandy loam can be properly increased or reduced, the land with insufficient water source can adopt a rotary tillage method, the depth is required to be 10-12cm, the water source with high organic matter content is insufficient, no tillage can be realized, the plowing time is required to be carried out in autumn, the plowing is carried out 2-5 days before transplanting rice seedlings, and the land is soaked in the land about one week before harrowing;
step S5: transplanting, namely determining a transplanting period according to the heading period, controlling the heading period of the high-quality rice in the cold area to be about 8 months, 3 days to 8 months and 5 days, so that the optimal transplanting period is 5 months, 15 days to 25 days, the seedling age is preferably 3.5 to 4.5 leaves, the transplanting requirement is that the plant spacing is fixed, no transplanting is carried out, the number and depth of seedlings in holes are consistent, and the transplanting density is preferably 20 to 25 holes/square meter;
step S6: reasonably applying fertilizer and irrigating, additionally applying organic fertilizer, re-applying tillering fertilizer, applying less spike fertilizer, applying no grain fertilizer as much as possible, wherein the fertilizer application ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 2: 1: 1, determining the total fertilization amount according to the force, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is the best ammonium sulfate, and then urea is used for reasonable irrigation according to different periods of rice;
step S7: acquiring field satellite remote sensing characteristic data, building a field comprehensive management platform, well preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of rice, harvesting and processing at proper time, acquiring the characteristic data of the field rice by using satellite remote sensing, building the field comprehensive management platform, dynamically monitoring the growth of the rice, preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests, and optimizing field management.
Seedlings transplanted by S5 generally adopt medium seedlings and big seedlings, wherein the medium seedlings have 3.1-3.5 leaves in leaf age and are 30-35 days high and about 13cm in height, the big seedlings have 4.1-4.5 leaves in leaf age and about 35-40 days high and about 17cm in height, and the strong seedlings are characterized by wide stem base, developed root system and regular and consistent plant height with the first leaf height.
It can be understood that: the growing period of the rice in the cold region is short, so the rice is generally cultivated into medium-sized and large-sized seedlings, and the seedlings turn green after being transplanted and tillere early.
S2 selecting seeds with saline water of specific gravity 1.13 to select seeds with different maturity, the concrete method is to mix 50kg water with 12.5kg salt to mix and dissolve uniformly to prepare solution with specific gravity 1.13, and the seeds are selected, and the specific gravity of the saline water is tested and adjusted every time.
It can be understood that: the seeds separated by the saline water need to be washed in clear water for 2-3 times, so that salt is prevented from entering the seeds to influence germination.
The seedling emergence process of S3 should be adjusted in time according to the real-time seedbed data obtained by the sensor, and the specific adjusting process is as follows:
if the water content of the seedbed is low before seedling emergence, watering in time for permeating water once, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse within 30 ℃, and removing the mulching film in time after seedling emergence;
1, after seedling emergence, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25-28 ℃, properly ventilating and hardening seedlings in sunny days, keeping bed soil not too much, and watering once every two days;
1.5 to 3.0 leaves, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be about 22 ℃, slightly drying the bed surface, ventilating in time in high-temperature weather, controlling excessive growth of seedlings, adjusting the pH value of the saline-alkali soil in time, and adding 50ml of concentrated sulfuric acid into 50kg of water if the pH value is increased;
3.0 leaves before transplanting, at the moment, the outside environment has high temperature, large wind and large evaporation capacity, water permeation needs to be poured once a day, and when the temperature exceeds 20 ℃, strong wind is needed for hardening seedlings; before 4-5 days of transplanting, the seedlings are not covered with a film and hardened, and the top dressing is applied to the seedlings according to the weight of 50-80g per square meter.
The specific fertilizing method for the high-quality rice cultivation according to different elements required by the growth of rice in each period comprises the following steps:
applying 10 tons of farmyard manure, 40-50kg of pure nitrogen, 50-70kg of phosphorus and 25-35kg of potassium to each hectare before harrowing, and additionally applying 10-15kg of zinc fertilizer to the saline-alkali soil;
fertilizing, namely applying 60-70kg of pure nitrogen per hectare after one week of transplanting rice seedlings;
performing spike fertilizer, applying 12-14kg of pure nitrogen and 25-35kg of potassium fertilizer per hectare 35 days before spike emergence;
the granular fertilizer does not need to be applied, and if the growth amount of the rice after the emergence of the ears is insufficient, the foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for supplement.
The irrigation method for producing the high-quality rice in the cold region comprises the following steps according to different water quantities required by rice in each growth period:
transplanting to the final stage of effective tillering, maintaining 1cm water layer during transplanting, protecting seedling with deep water after transplanting until green turning, wherein the water depth is 5-7cm, irrigating with shallow water after green turning until the final stage of effective tillering, and maintaining the water depth at 3-5 cm;
from the final stage of effective tillering to the stage of young ear differentiation (late 6-late 7), adopting deep water irrigation or intermittent wet irrigation to control ineffective tillering;
differentiating young ears to a milk stage (7 last ten days-8 last ten days), irrigating with 1-2cm of shallow water, and deeply irrigating at a low temperature below 17 deg.C (10-20cm) for protecting fetus in the booting stage;
and (4) from the maturity stage to one week before harvesting (8 late ten days to 9 middle ten days), keeping the soil of the rice field moist, cutting off water 7-10 days before harvesting, and irrigating in a mode of stopping irrigating in daytime and in night.
The method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of the high-quality rice in the cold region comprises the following steps:
agricultural control, periodically rotating varieties, keeping variety resistance, adopting a reasonable cultivation system, cultivating strong seedlings, transplanting seedlings at proper time, reasonably close planting, fertilizing according to a formula, scientifically irrigating, and eliminating diseased straws and weeds on pool stalks;
biological control, namely selecting middle-low and toxic chemical pesticides with small killing power on natural enemies, avoiding the sensitive period of the natural enemies to the pesticides, creating measures such as environment suitable for propagation of the natural enemies and the like, protecting the natural enemies, and utilizing and releasing the natural enemies to control the occurrence of diseases, pests and weeds;
physical prevention and control, namely trapping and killing pests by adopting mechanical physical devices such as a black light lamp, a tremble type insecticidal lamp and the like;
the main pesticide for preventing and controlling diseases, insect pests and weeds is that the rice blast adopts 40% Fushiyi missible oil or wettable powder, 1.0-1.25kg per hectare is mixed with 500 times of water in Oryza sativa, 200g of jingangmycin-.
The invention relates to a method for producing high-quality rice in cold regions, which has the following principle: by building a comprehensive management platform by means of satellite remote sensing image technology, the growth of the rice is monitored in real time, and based on the data comparison of the remote sensing image, including the reflectance spectrum of the rice and the like, the method is convenient for making a timely adjusting process in each period of the growth of the rice, the production method can produce high-quality rice suitable for the cold region growing environment, as the sensor is arranged on the seedbed ground, the temperature, the soil humidity, the soil PH value and the like of the seedbed bottom are monitored, and the data information acquired by the sensor of the seedbed is combined, can adjust the temperature, PH value, soil humidity and ventilation condition in the shed in time, combines the images of the production condition of the rice in each period obtained by the satellite remote sensing technology, the irrigation quantity of water sources required by the rice in each period can be flexibly adjusted, and the prevention and treatment work of diseases, pests and weeds in each growth period of the rice can be timely carried out, so that high-quality rice suitable for the cold area environment can be produced at high yield.
While the invention has been described in further detail in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various other modifications and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should be considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A production method of high-quality rice of rice in cold regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: selecting high-quality varieties with high quality, stress resistance and suitable mature period according to local natural conditions;
step S2: the method comprises the following steps of:
sunning, selecting sunny and slow weather 15 days before sowing, sunning for 2-3 days, and wind screening and storing in combination with awn removal after sunning;
selecting seeds with saline water, pouring rice seeds into the saline water, pouring the rice seeds with the amount not more than half of the water, pouring while stirring, fishing out blighted grains on the rice seeds after the seeds sink, fishing out the sunk full seeds, and washing the fished seeds with clear water for 2-3 times;
soaking and sterilizing, rinsing selected seeds with clear water for 1-2 times, washing off attached salt, uniformly mixing 3kg seeds per mu of field with 5-6kg water, adding 2ml of 25% Baoke emulsifiable concentrate or 20g of 35% Rongmianling, keeping the water temperature at 11-12 ℃, soaking and sterilizing for 6-7 days, and overturning for 1-2 times every day;
and (3) accelerating germination, namely stacking the soaked seeds, pouring warm water, breaking the breast at the stacking temperature of 30-32 ℃, accelerating germination at the room temperature of 22-25 ℃, exposing roots and buds about 1mm in a 'double-mountain' shape, and airing the buds in a shade for more than 6 hours for sowing.
Step S3: seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising process comprises the following steps:
preparing a land for making a bed, selecting a courtyard or garden field which is leeward, dry, flat, sunny and convenient in water source as a seedbed field, marking out the field according to a big shed, a middle shed and a small shed adopted for seedling culture, and setting the seedling culture area according to the proportion of a seedling field as 1: 120, shallow-turning the seedling bed for 5-10cm, applying 30% of the total amount of the nutrient soil modulator on the seedling bed, pouring the liquid medicine with poison bait or on the seedling bed, finely raking and leveling, buckling the greenhouse 10 days before sowing, and completely pouring bottom water 1 day before sowing;
preparing nutrient soil, wherein the nutrient soil is river casing soil, canal dry soil, forest land or dry field soil of hills and hills, soil taking is carried out in 7-8 months of the first year in combination with accumulated fertilizer, soil taking amount of dry seedlings is calculated according to 22000kg/m and 1000kg/m of pot seedling raising, and the structure of the nutrient soil is adjusted before seedling raising;
sowing, wherein a proper sowing period is determined according to the air temperature and the variety maturity, sowing can be carried out in the middle and upper ten days of 4 months in plain areas, sowing can be carried out in the middle and lower ten days of 4 months in semi-mountainous areas and mountainous areas, and the sowing method can adopt three sowing modes of isolation layer seedling, tray seedling and plastic bowl-tray seedling;
arranging a sensor on the seedbed ground, and monitoring the temperature of the seedbed bottom, the soil humidity, the soil pH value and the like;
seedling emergence, namely adjusting the temperature, the pH value, the soil humidity, the ventilation condition and the like in the greenhouse in time by combining data information acquired by a sensor of the seedbed;
preparing before transplanting, and transplanting by spraying water 800 times of 40% dimethoate missible oil and water one day before transplanting.
Step S4: managing the land, wherein the plowing depth of the soil in the rice field is optimal to be 15cm, the soil or sandy loam can be properly increased or reduced, the land with insufficient water source can adopt a rotary tillage method, the depth is required to be 10-12cm, the water source with high organic matter content is insufficient, no tillage can be realized, the plowing time is required to be carried out in autumn, the plowing is carried out 2-5 days before transplanting rice seedlings, and the land is soaked in the land about one week before harrowing;
step S5: transplanting, namely determining a transplanting period according to the heading period, controlling the heading period of the high-quality rice in the cold area to be about 8 months, 3 days to 8 months and 5 days, so that the optimal transplanting period is 5 months, 15 days to 25 days, the seedling age is preferably 3.5 to 4.5 leaves, the transplanting requirement is that the plant spacing is fixed, no transplanting is carried out, the number and depth of seedlings in holes are consistent, and the transplanting density is preferably 20 to 25 holes/square meter;
step S6: reasonably applying fertilizer and irrigating, additionally applying organic fertilizer, re-applying tillering fertilizer, applying less spike fertilizer, applying no grain fertilizer as much as possible, wherein the fertilizer application ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 2: 1: 1, determining the total fertilization amount according to the force, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is the best ammonium sulfate, and then urea is used for reasonable irrigation according to different periods of rice;
step S7: acquiring field satellite remote sensing characteristic data, building a field comprehensive management platform, well preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of rice, harvesting and processing at proper time, acquiring the characteristic data of the field rice by using satellite remote sensing, building the field comprehensive management platform, dynamically monitoring the growth of the rice, preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests, and optimizing field management.
2. The method for producing high-quality rice of rice in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seedlings transplanted by the S5 generally adopt medium seedlings and big seedlings, wherein the medium seedlings are 3.1-3.5 leaves in leaf age and 30-35 days in length, the seedlings are about 13cm in height, the big seedlings are 4.1-4.5 leaves in leaf age and 35-40 days in length, the seedlings are about 17cm in height, and the strong seedlings are characterized by wide stem base parts, developed root systems and regular and consistent plant height with the first leaf height.
3. The method for producing high-quality rice of rice in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the space resolution of the remote sensing image is required to be more than 0.5 meter, and at least comprises R, G, B wave bands including WorldView-2 remote sensing satellite data and Chinese Hi-Jing-I remote sensing satellite data.
4. The method for producing high-quality rice of rice in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s2 selecting seeds with saline water of different maturity by selecting the seeds with the saline water of 1.13 specific gravity, the specific method comprises the steps of adding 12.5kg of salt into 50kg of water, stirring and dissolving uniformly to prepare a solution of 1.13 specific gravity, taking the seeds for seed selection, and testing and adjusting the specific gravity of the saline water once the seeds are selected.
5. The method for producing high-quality rice of rice in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the isolation layer seedling raising and sowing method of S3 comprises the following steps:
a hole mulching film or a woven bag is flatly laid on the bed surface, and four sides of the bed are surrounded by a frame with the height of 3 cm;
filling nutrient soil with the thickness of 2.5cm, strickling and watering thoroughly according to the quantity of about 5 kg/square meter;
timely sowing after water penetration, sowing the seeds according to the weight of 200 plus 250 g/square meter, sowing two thirds of the seeds firstly, then uniformly sowing the rest one third again, and lightly pressing by using a wood board after sowing to ensure that the seeds are tightly attached to bed soil;
covering nutrient soil of about 1cm, covering soil as little as possible based on no exposed seeds;
applying the sealing herbicide to the seedling bed and covering with one layer of mulching film.
6. The method for producing high-quality rice of rice in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plastic bowl-tray seeding method of S3 comprises the following steps:
loading soil, namely, loading the prepared nutrient soil into a disc and leveling the nutrient soil, and pressing the nutrient soil to two thirds by using a soil pressing plate;
sowing, namely sowing by using a matched sowing machine, and ensuring 2-3 bud seeds in each pot;
covering soil, namely covering the seeds as thin and uniform as possible based on the fact that the seeds are not exposed;
placing the tray, thoroughly watering the seedbed one day before placing the tray, pressing the pot tray into the bed soil for 0.5-1cm when placing the tray, leaving no gap between the trays, and thoroughly watering the fine-hole watering can after placing the tray;
and (4) laminating, namely, after sealing by using a sealant, paving a layer of mulching film.
7. The method for producing high-quality rice of rice in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tray-breeding seeding method of S3 is basically the same as the isolation layer seedling-breeding seeding method, but the leveling of the bed and the appropriate increase of the seeding rate are required.
8. The method for producing high-quality rice of rice in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the harvesting period of S7 is determined according to the yellowing degree of the grains, when more than 90% of the grains turn yellow and mature, one third of the cob turns yellow, and little green grains exist at the base, which is the optimal harvesting period, the grains are bundled into small bundles after being harvested and naturally aired, and threshing is performed when the moisture content is reduced to about 15%.
9. The method for producing high-quality rice of rice in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s7, the control of diseases, pests and weeds and the reasonable irrigation mainly comprise agricultural control, biological control, physical control, chemical control of main diseases, pests and weeds and the like, and the control work and the adjustment process of field water source irrigation are carried out in a targeted manner according to image data obtained by a satellite remote sensing technology.
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