CN115735715A - Special tomato matrix based on garden waste and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special tomato matrix based on garden waste and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
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- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a special tomato matrix based on garden waste, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 40-60 parts of garden waste, 15-20 parts of coconut coir, 10-15 parts of turf, 5-15 parts of vermiculite and 5-15 parts of perlite; also includesThe dosage of the compound fertilizer and the functional microorganism is 2kg/m 3 The dosage of the functional microorganism is 1kg/m 3 . The invention also discloses a preparation method of the special tomato matrix based on garden waste, which specifically comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials; and (2) stirring uniformly. The method takes garden waste resources as main raw materials, adjusts the proportion of garden waste fermentation materials in matrix compounding according to the characteristics of different crop nutrient requirements, and selects and matches functional microorganisms to produce the special tomato matrix with the functions of growth promotion, disease resistance and stress resistance, and can effectively prevent and treat soil-borne diseases caused by fusarium oxysporum and rhizoctonia solani.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garden waste utilization and plant cultivation substrates, in particular to a special tomato substrate based on garden waste and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the utilization forms of garden wastes in China are mainly thermal conversion and composting. However, the heat value of the garden waste is low, and the circulating chain is too long, so that the heat conversion and utilization efficiency is low, and the application effect is not ideal.
Meanwhile, in the plant cultivation matrix, due to the mutual relation between plants and microorganisms in the plant rhizosphere environment and even the mutual relation between the plants, the matrix and the microorganisms, the biological matrix with specific functions, such as a disease-resistant growth-promoting seedling culture matrix and a mycorrhizal matrix, is developed, and the effect which cannot be achieved by conventional field management can be achieved for improving the stress resistance of the plants.
At present, the plant cultivation substrate formula in China and abroad is basically produced by using turf as a base material and perlite and vermiculite as framework materials, so that limited turf resources are destroyed while the modern agricultural development is supported, and the development of the substrate industry is limited.
Therefore, how to apply the garden waste to the plant cultivation substrate for recycling is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a substrate special for tomatoes based on garden waste and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a special tomato matrix based on garden waste comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 40-60 parts of garden waste, 15-20 parts of coconut husk and grass10-15 parts of carbon, 5-15 parts of vermiculite and 5-15 parts of perlite; also comprises compound fertilizer and functional microorganism, wherein the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 2kg/m 3 The dosage of the functional microorganism is 1kg/m 3 。
Preferably: 50 parts of garden waste, 15 parts of coconut coir, 15 parts of turf, 10 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of perlite; also comprises compound fertilizer and functional microorganism, wherein the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 2kg/m 3 The amount of the functional microorganism is 1kg/m 3 。
The special tomato matrix based on garden waste has the beneficial effects that:
the method is characterized in that garden waste resources are used as main raw materials, the proportion of garden waste fermentation materials in matrix compounding is adjusted according to the characteristics of different crop nutrient requirements, functional microorganisms are selected and matched, the special tomato matrix with the functions of growth promotion, disease resistance and stress resistance is produced, and soil-borne diseases caused by fusarium oxysporum and rhizoctonia solani can be effectively prevented and treated.
In the invention:
coconut coir, coconut soil, is a by-product of coconut processing, can be naturally degraded, and belongs to an environment-friendly matrix. The water retention is good: the coconut soil can absorb moisture quickly and store much moisture, and when the coconut soil is watered, the coconut soil can absorb moisture quickly and store the moisture. The air permeability is good: the coconut coir soil can never be hardened, thereby being beneficial to the respiration of plant roots.
The peat is formed by the incomplete decomposition and accumulation of aquatic plants such as moss, bryophyte and reed and terrestrial plants such as pine, birch, alder and alpine rush under the conditions of water logging, oxygen deficiency, low temperature, silt doping and the like, contains incompletely decomposed plant residues, minerals and humus, and is coal with the lowest carbonization degree. According to the formed geographical conditions, plant species and decomposition degree, the grass peat can be divided into three types, namely high-level grass peat, middle-level grass peat and low-level grass peat. Wherein, the high-order grass carbon is distributed in alpine regions, mainly uses sphagnum plants, has low decomposition degree, low content of nitrogen and ash elements and strong acidity (the pH value is 4-5). Has small volume weight, good water holding capacity, base exchange capacity, water absorption and air permeability, and can be generally absorbedThe water content is more than 10 times of the dry matter, and the volume weight of the turf which is usually used for cultivation is 0.2-0.6 g/cm 3 The total porosity is 77-84%, the macroporosity is about 5-30%, the water holding capacity is 50-55%, the EC value of the matrix is controlled in the range of 0.25-0.75 mS/cm (1: 2 dilution) in the germination period and the growth period of the seedlings, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is low or moderate.
Vermiculite is mica-like substance formed by heating silicate material at high temperature. The vermiculite loses water rapidly during heating and expands, and the volume after expansion is 8-20 times of the original volume, so that the substance has increased air permeability and water retention capacity. The volume weight of vermiculite is 130-180kg/m 3 Neutral to alkaline (pH 7-9) per m 3 The vermiculite can absorb 500-650L of water. The vermiculite can release proper amount of potassium, calcium and magnesium after being sterilized by steam. The main function is to increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil (medium). Since it is fragile and the air permeability and water retentivity are easily lost by making the medium dense with the lapse of time, coarse vermiculite has a longer time than fine vermiculite, and the effect is excellent.
Perlite, a volcano-erupted acidic lava, is a vitreous rock obtained by rapidly cooling, and is named because it has a pearl fracture structure. Some larger particle perlite is gradually used in vegetable seedling as an essential component of seedling soil to increase the air permeability and water absorption of the nutrient medium.
Further, the garden waste is garden branch fermentation.
Further, the preparation method of the garden branch fermentation product comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing garden branches to obtain garden branch powder;
(2) Mixing and infiltrating garden branch powder and livestock manure, adding zymophyte, rice hull and a deodorant, and mixing and stirring to obtain a mixed material;
(3) The average temperature of the mixed materials is kept above 55 ℃ for fermentation for at least 15 days, and then secondary fermentation is carried out for 15-20 days, so as to obtain the garden branch fermented product.
The preparation method of the garden branch leavening has the beneficial effects that:
after fermentation at least 15 balances and keeping the temperature above 55 ℃, most organic matters in garden branch scraps and livestock and poultry manure are degraded, the growth of microorganisms and the decomposition speed of the organic matters are slowed down due to the reduction of the organic matters and the accumulation of metabolites, the fermentation temperature begins to be reduced, and the microorganisms enter a reduction growth period. At the moment, the materials in the fermentation field can be transported to an ageing shed by a forklift for secondary fermentation, the secondary fermentation needs 15-20 days, and at the stage, the residual organic matters are further decomposed, matured, dried and stabilized.
The invention treats garden waste, and prepares and produces artificial soil which can provide excellent water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions for seed germination and plant growth according to a certain formula process. The high-quality matrix should have suitable physicochemical properties, wherein the easily decomposed organic substances can be mostly decomposed, and no nitrogen is generated after the biological fixation is applied to the soil. Harmful substances such as phenols and the like are removed through degradation, so that the standards of eliminating pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic insect eggs and the like are achieved, the effect of providing stable water, gas and fertilizer environments for plant roots is achieved, and the effects of fixing and supporting plants are achieved.
Further, in the step (1), the water content of the garden branch powder is less than or equal to 10%.
The garden branch powder has the beneficial effects that the garden branch powder is low in water content and high in hardness.
Further, in the step (2), the water content of the livestock manure is 75-85%; the volume ratio of the garden branch powder to the livestock manure is 3; the mixing and soaking time is at least 24h.
The method has the advantages that the water content of the livestock manure is high, the livestock manure needs to be transported by a closed vehicle, and the whole process is monitored and managed in the transportation process, so that secondary environmental pollution caused by exposure, sprinkling or dripping is prevented; and pouring the mixture on garden branch crumbs after arrival.
Further, in the step (2), the zymocyte is VT zymocyte agent; the deodorant is grass peat; the usage amount of zymophyte, rice hull and deodorant is 1kg/m 3 、0.1m 3 /m 3 And 0.05m 3 /m 3 。
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that the VT fermentation inoculum inoculation increases the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes in the compost, the bacteria are more beneficial to decomposing organic matters in the compost, the actinomycetes are more beneficial to decomposing lignin in the compost, and the saccharomycetes are more beneficial to providing sugar for various microorganisms and promoting the propagation of the microorganisms; meanwhile, the microbial activity of compost inoculated by VT zymophyte is more blank and violent, the composting speed is accelerated, and the early decomposition is facilitated. The addition of the rice husk is beneficial to improving the air permeability of the fermentation pile body, so that the aerobic fermentation can supply oxygen more fully. The deodorant is added, and the odor generated by the fermentation materials is absorbed by utilizing the large specific surface area and strong adsorption effect of the deodorant, so that secondary pollution is avoided.
Further, in the step (2), the carbon nitrogen ratio of the mixed material is (20-30): 1, and the water content is 50% -60%.
The method has the advantages that carbon is a basic energy source of the composting microorganisms and is also a basic raw material consisting of microbial cells, the composting microorganisms decompose carbon-containing organic matters, meanwhile, partial nitrogen elements are utilized to construct cell bodies of the composting microorganisms, nitrogen is also an important component forming protein, nucleic acid and various enzymes in the cells, and generally, every 25g of organic carbon is consumed by the microorganisms, and 1g of nitrogen needs to be absorbed. The carbon-nitrogen ratio for decomposing organic matters by microorganisms is about 25; if the C/N is too low, the energy source required for the growth and reproduction of the microorganisms is limited, the fermentation temperature rises slowly, nitrogen is excessive and released in the form of ammonia gas, the loss of organic nitrogen is large, and an unpleasant smell can be emitted. The water content is 50-60% to ensure the ventilation of the fermentation stack and maintain the normal supply of water.
Further, in the compound fertilizer, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all 15 parts by weight; the functional microorganism is at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that the addition of the compound fertilizer is to ensure the mineral nutrition supply for the early growth of crops. The functional microbial agent can inhibit the growth and metabolism of pathogenic microorganisms by generating metabolites at low concentration, thereby influencing the survival and the activity of the pathogenic microorganisms and inducing the self-disease-resistant mechanism of plants so as to enhance the disease resistance of the plants.
The preparation method of the special tomato matrix based on garden waste specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the volume parts of the special tomato matrix based on the garden waste;
(2) And (3) filling the raw materials into a special filling bin of a matrix pilot-scale production line, conveying the raw materials into a roller, and uniformly stirring to obtain the special tomato matrix based on the garden waste.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention carries out matrix utilization on the garden waste, creates a new way for resource utilization of the garden waste, and improves the utilization efficiency of the garden waste.
(2) The invention promotes the growth of the root system of crops and strengthens the seedlings by regulating and controlling the rhizosphere microecology, can antagonize diseases caused by harmful bacteria, and can smoothly solve the problems of flooding of soil-borne diseases, low substrate cultivation yield and the like in the melon and vegetable industry.
(3) The raw materials of the tomato special matrix are all pure natural resources, are not chemically synthesized, so that the energy consumption is saved, and the secondary environmental pollution of chemical operation is avoided.
(4) The special tomato matrix disclosed by the invention is applied once in agricultural standardized planting, crops are slowly released for a lifetime, the operation efficiency is improved, and the low-efficiency operation that the conventional watering needs to be applied with fertilizer is broken.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The special tomato matrix based on garden waste comprises the following raw materials: garden branch fermented material 40m 3 Coconut husk 20m 3 Peat 15m 3 Vermiculite 10m 3 15m of perlite 3 200kg of compound fertilizer and 100kg of bacillus subtilis; in the compound fertilizer, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all 15 parts by weight;
the preparation method of the garden branch leavening comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing garden branches to obtain garden branch powder with the water content of less than or equal to 10%;
(2) Mixing and infiltrating garden branch powder and livestock manure with the water content of 80% for 24 hours according to the volume ratio of 3;
(3) Firstly, keeping the average temperature of the mixed materials at 55 ℃ for fermentation for 15 days, and then carrying out secondary fermentation for 20 days to obtain garden branch fermented materials;
the preparation method of the special tomato matrix based on garden waste specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the special tomato matrix based on the garden waste;
(2) And (3) filling the raw materials into a special filling bin of a matrix pilot-scale production line, conveying the raw materials into a roller, and uniformly stirring to obtain the special tomato matrix based on the garden waste.
Example 2
The special tomato matrix based on garden waste comprises the following raw materials: garden branch leavening 50m 3 15m of coconut husk 3 Peat 15m 3 Vermiculite 10m 3 Perlite 10m 3 200kg of compound fertilizer and 100kg of bacillus subtilis; in the compound fertilizer, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all 15 parts by weight;
the preparation method of the garden branch leavening comprises the following steps:
(1) Smashing garden branches to obtain garden branch powder with the water content of less than or equal to 10%;
(2) Mixing and infiltrating garden branch powder and livestock manure with the water content of 80% for 24 hours according to a volume ratio of 3;
(3) Firstly, keeping the average temperature of the mixed materials at 55 ℃ for fermentation for 15 days, and then carrying out secondary fermentation for 20 days to obtain garden branch fermented materials;
the preparation method of the special tomato matrix based on garden waste specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the special tomato matrix based on the garden waste;
(2) And (3) filling the raw materials into a special loading bin of a matrix pilot scale production line, conveying the raw materials into a roller, and uniformly stirring to obtain the special tomato matrix based on garden waste.
Example 3
The special tomato matrix based on garden waste comprises the following raw materials: garden branch fermentation material 60m 3 15m of coconut husk 3 Peat 10m 3 Vermiculite 10m 3 5m of perlite 3 200kg of compound fertilizer and 100kg of bacillus subtilis; in the compound fertilizer, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all 15 parts by weight;
the preparation method of the garden branch leavening comprises the following steps:
(1) Smashing garden branches to obtain garden branch powder with the water content of less than or equal to 10%;
(2) Mixing and infiltrating garden branch powder and livestock manure with the water content of 80% for 24 hours according to the volume ratio of 3;
(3) Firstly, keeping the average temperature of the mixed materials at 55 ℃ for fermentation for 15 days, and then carrying out secondary fermentation for 20 days to obtain garden branch fermented materials;
the preparation method of the special tomato matrix based on garden waste specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the special tomato matrix based on the garden waste;
(2) And (3) filling the raw materials into a special loading bin of a matrix pilot scale production line, conveying the raw materials into a roller, and uniformly stirring to obtain the special tomato matrix based on garden waste.
Comparative example 1
The only difference from example 1 is that the following starting materials were included: garden branch fermented material 20m 3 Coconut husk 20m 3 Peat grass 20m 3 Vermiculite 20m 3 Perlite 20m 3 200kg of compound fertilizer and 100kg of bacillus subtilis.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that the following starting materials were included: garden branch fermented product 30m 3 Coconut husk 20m 3 Peat grass 20m 3 Vermiculite 15m 3 15m of perlite 3 200kg of compound fertilizer and 100kg of bacillus subtilis.
Comparative example 3
The only difference from example 1 is that the following starting materials were included: garden branch leavening 70m 3 15m of coconut husk 3 Peat 10m 3 Vermiculite 5m 3 200kg of compound fertilizer and 100kg of bacillus subtilis.
Comparative example 4
The only difference from example 1 is that the following starting materials were included: garden branch fermentation material 80m 3 10m of coconut husk 3 Vermiculite 5m 3 5m of perlite 3 200kg of compound fertilizer and 100kg of bacillus subtilis.
Comparative example 5
The only difference from example 1 is that the following starting materials were included: 10m coconut husk 3 Peat grass 50m 3 Vermiculite 20m 3 Perlite 20m 3 200kg of compound fertilizer and 100kg of bacillus subtilis.
Performance test
The test adopts a random block design, and has 8 cells in total, wherein each cell is 11.2m 2 And 3 repetitions.
Specification of the cultivation groove: the cultivation grooves adopted are underground soil grooves with isosceles trapezoid cross section, 8m groove length, 35cm upper opening width, 25cm bottom width, 25cm groove depth and 1.4m groove interval, polyethylene plastic films with 0.1mm thickness are paved to be isolated from soil, and then the special tomato substrates prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-5 are respectively filled, wherein the dosage of each groove is 0.6m 3 。
The components and amounts of the tomato private base of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1-3 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-5 tomato-specific base formulations
Planting time: the tomato seedlings are planted in 9 months and 14 days in 2020, water is thoroughly poured before planting, and water is poured once in 3-5 days later and drip irrigation is carried out.
Planting density: the large row is 80cm, the small row is 60cm, the plant spacing is 43cm, and the planting density is 2200 plants/mu.
Fertilizing: no fertilizer is applied in the first month, and after planting for 20 days, the fertilizer application amount is determined according to the requirement that each 1000kg of tomato fruits are formed and the plant needs to absorb 2.540kg of N, 0.751kg of P and 4.347kg of K4.
The fertilizer was applied using a japanese horticultural formula balanced nutrient solution, the formula being shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Balanced nutrient solution formula for Japanese gardening formula
| Components | Dosage (mg/L) |
| Calcium nitrate | 950 |
| Potassium nitrate | 810 |
| Magnesium sulfate | 500 |
| Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate | 155 |
| EDTA iron sodium salt | 15-25 |
| Boric acid | 3 |
| Manganese sulfate | 2 |
| Zinc sulfate | 0.22 |
| Copper sulfate | 0.05 |
| Sodium or ammonium molybdate | 0.02 |
Respectively calculating the content of available nutrients in the substrate, the physicochemical property of the substrate, the plant height comparison of tomatoes, the stem thickness comparison of tomatoes, the number of tomato leaves and the leaf area comparison (the fourth leaf with the upper number and the lower number is taken as the leaf), the chlorophyll content comparison of tomatoes and the yield and quality comparison of tomatoes in each treatment group.
The results are shown in tables 3 to 9.
TABLE 3 quick-acting nutrient content of the substrates of the treatment groups
TABLE 4 physicochemical Properties of substrates of the respective treatment groups
| Numbering | Special substrate for tomatoes | pH | Conductance value (ms/cm) | Total porosity (%) | Volume weight |
| 1 | Comparative example 1 | 6.83 | 1.009 | 91.71 | 0.316 |
| 2 | Comparative example 2 | 7.04 | 1.040 | 88.96 | 0.372 |
| 3 | Example 1 | 7.43 | 1.323 | 79.66 | 0.493 |
| 4 | Example 2 | 7.58 | 1.350 | 73.29 | 0.548 |
| 5 | Example 3 | 7.81 | 1.847 | 68.89 | 0.623 |
| 6 | Comparative example 3 | 7.87 | 2.485 | 63.44 | 0.731 |
| 7 | Comparative example 4 | 8.20 | 2.589 | 60.90 | 0.761 |
| 8 | Comparative example 5 | 6.15 | 0.949 | 84.16 | 0.432 |
TABLE 5 tomato plant height comparison (cm) for each treatment group
TABLE 6 comparison of tomato stem thickness (cm) for each treatment group
TABLE 7 comparison of number of leaves and area of leaves (cm) for tomato in each treatment group 2 )
| Number of | Special substrate for tomatoes | 10 months and 10 days | Number of blades | Total area (cm) 2 ) |
| 1 | Comparative example 1 | 289.735 | 14 | 4056.29 |
| 2 | Comparative example 2 | 267.16 | 14 | 3740.24 |
| 3 | Example 1 | 324.86 | 14 | 4548.04 |
| 4 | Example 2 | 328.27 | 15 | 4924.05 |
| 5 | Example 3 | 283.654 | 14 | 3971.156 |
| 6 | Comparative example 3 | 269.86 | 13 | 3508.18 |
| 7 | Comparative example 4 | 265.72 | 13 | 3454.36 |
| 8 | Comparative example 5 | 288.14 | 14 | 4033.96 |
TABLE 8 comparison of chlorophyll content (mg/g.FW) in treatment groups
| Numbering | Special matrix for tomatoes | 10 months and 8 days | 10 months and 31 days | 11 month and 28 days | 12 months and 12 days |
| 1 | Comparative example 1 | 0.488 | 0.325 | 0.306 | 0.327 |
| 2 | Comparative example 2 | 0.497 | 0.329 | 0.253 | 0.231 |
| 3 | Example 1 | 0.505 | 0.398 | 0.277 | 0.265 |
| 4 | Example 2 | 0.534 | 0.328 | 0.301 | 0.298 |
| 5 | Example 3 | 0.479 | 0.290 | 0.256 | 0.226 |
| 6 | Comparative example 3 | 0.472 | 0.274 | 0.241 | 0.209 |
| 7 | Comparative example 4 | 0.431 | 0.265 | 0.259 | 0.257 |
| 8 | Comparative example 5 | 0.478 | 0.335 | 0.274 | 0.242 |
TABLE 9 comparison of tomato yield and quality for each treatment group
As can be seen from tables 3-9, examples 1-3 are all significantly superior to comparative examples 1-5 in view of growth impact on tomatoes and yield quality. Among these, example 2 is the optimum combination.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The matrix special for the tomatoes based on the garden waste is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by volume: 40-60 parts of garden waste, 15-20 parts of coconut coir, 10-15 parts of grass carbon, 5-15 parts of vermiculite and 5-15 parts of perlite;
also comprises a compound fertilizer and functional microorganisms, wherein the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 2kg/m 3 The dosage of the functional microorganism is 1kg/m 3 。
2. The special tomato matrix based on garden waste as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following raw materials by volume: 50 parts of garden waste, 15 parts of coconut coir, 15 parts of turf, 10 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of perlite;
also comprises a compound fertilizer and functional microorganisms, wherein the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 2kg/m 3 The dosage of the functional microorganism is 1kg/m 3 。
3. The special tomato substrate based on garden waste as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the garden waste is garden shoot ferment.
4. The special tomato substrate based on garden waste as claimed in claim 3, wherein the garden branch fermentation product is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Crushing garden branches to obtain garden branch powder;
(2) Mixing and infiltrating garden branch powder and livestock manure, adding zymophyte, rice hulls and a deodorant, and mixing and stirring to obtain a mixed material;
(3) Firstly, keeping the average temperature of the mixed materials above 55 ℃ for fermentation for at least 15 days, and then carrying out secondary fermentation for 15-20 days to obtain the garden branch fermented product.
5. The special tomato substrate based on garden waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step (1), the water content of the garden branch shreds is less than or equal to 10%.
6. The special tomato matrix based on garden waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the water content of the livestock manure is 75% -85%; the volume ratio of the garden branch powder to the livestock manure is 3; the mixing and infiltrating time is at least 24h.
7. The substrate special for tomatoes based on garden waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the fermentation tubes are VT fermentation bacteria; the deodorant is grass peat; the amount of the zymophyte, the rice hull and the deodorant is 1kg/m respectively 3 、0.1m 3 /m 3 And 0.05m 3 /m 3 。
8. The special tomato substrate based on garden waste, as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the carbon nitrogen ratio of the mixed material is (20-30): 1, and the water content is 50% -60%.
9. The special tomato substrate based on garden waste as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the compound fertilizer is 15 parts by weight;
the functional microorganism is at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
10. A method for preparing the matrix special for tomatoes based on garden waste as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the parts by volume of the matrix special for tomatoes based on garden waste of any one of claims 1 to 9;
(2) And (3) filling the raw materials into a special filling bin of a matrix pilot-scale production line, conveying the raw materials into a roller, and uniformly stirring to obtain the special tomato matrix based on the garden waste.
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