CN107641023A - A kind of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107641023A CN107641023A CN201711021036.8A CN201711021036A CN107641023A CN 107641023 A CN107641023 A CN 107641023A CN 201711021036 A CN201711021036 A CN 201711021036A CN 107641023 A CN107641023 A CN 107641023A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural substrate production technical field, there is provided a kind of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge and preparation method thereof.The rice seedling raising ground substance be by 50% 70% straw and 30% 50% Beer Sludges successively by mixing high-temperature aerobic fermentation, secondary fermentation is decomposed, decomposed organic material addition inorganic material and regulating acid agent are prepared.The Matrix formulation procedure fermentation time of the present invention is short, the rotten degree of stalk is high, and the acid adjustment technology of the present invention ensure that the pH stable of seedling raising ground substance, it is adapted to rice seedling growth, matrix preservation capacity of water and fertility is good, nutrition is comprehensive, the seedling growth nutritional need of 40 days can be met, and greatly reduce rice transplanter heavy burden.The seedling raising ground substance of the present invention solve transplanting seedling fetch earth it is difficult, waste the problems such as land resource and abandoned biomass directly abandon or combustion zone comes environmental pollution, the research and development and use of seedling raising ground substance simultaneously, the sustainable production of high-efficiency agriculture is may advantageously facilitate, is increased farmers' income.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural substrate production technical field, specifically, is related to one kind straw and beer activity is dirty
Rice seedling raising ground substance of mud production and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, as the expansion of Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area and the popularization of machine transplanting of rice dry rice seedling technology, rice seedling raising ground substance seem
It is particularly important.At present, with rice transplanter it is supporting be standard hard drive seedling, most of areas from farmland tillaging layer soil mainly using taking
Soil, dry grinding is shone, then add nutritional agents, seedling-raising agent etc. and be configured to Nutrition Soil, then sabot, sowing seedling.But Nutrition Soil nutrient
Release is fast, nutrient is too high suppresses rice shoot root growth, causes rice shoot root long, root system disk knot power significantly less than naturally native institute's seedling
Seedling, and have using Nutrition Soil seedling that the amount of fetching earth is big, it is difficult to fetch earth, soil-borne disease easily occurs, herbicide residue influences emergence
And the problems such as Nutrition Soil unit weight is big, cost of transportation is high, increase mechanical work load, meanwhile, heavy damage China arable land soil
Earth resource simultaneously adversely affects to ecological environment around, is unfavorable for scale, the mechanic rice transplanting of standardization is promoted；And use
The inorganic seedling raising ground substance that the inorganic mineral materials such as perlite, zeolite and vermiculite are prepared, have in horticultural gardening nursery and extensively should
With, but less for raising rice seedlings, because the influence to seedling quality is not known, and cost is higher, be unfavorable for separately as
Rice nursery substrate is promoted.
China is the country that agricultural wastes quantum of output is maximum in the world, annual output hundred million tons, wherein crops about more than 40
More than 700,000,000 tons of stalk, rice soilless breeding seeding matrix is developed using natural resources and agriculture and industry waste, on the one hand can effectively solve to educate
In seedling Nutrition Soil fetch earth it is difficult, fetch earth and destroy the problems such as vegetation is with environment, on the other hand, the environment dirt that crop straw burning is brought can be reduced
The problem of waste yeast sludge BFS of dye and brewery landfills waste soil, reaches resource circulation utilization, to promoting rice work
Factory's seedling, improve rice modernization plantation level and play an important roll；Can effectively solve rice mechanization production and agricultural is given up
The contradiction of gurry processing, promotes the coordinated development of Rice Cropping ecological environment, reduces production cost, improves the warp of Rice Production
Ji, society and ecological benefits, it is an important development trend of current rice matrix seedling.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the invention provides one kind straw and beer active sludge to give birth to
Rice seedling raising ground substance of production and preparation method thereof, Matrix formulation procedure fermentation time of the invention is short, and the rotten degree of stalk is high；Profit
Good with the matrix preservation capacity of water and fertility of this method, nutrition is comprehensive, can meet the seedling growth nutritional need of 40 days；Matrix unit weight is small,
Rice transplanter heavy burden more than 10% is reduced than conventional nutraceutical soil.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge, the rice seedling raising ground substance be by
50%-70% straw and 30%-50% beer active sludges is rotten by mixing high-temperature aerobic fermentation, secondary fermentation successively
What ripe, decomposed organic material addition inorganic material and regulating acid agent allotment were prepared.
A kind of preparation method of the rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge, methods described bag
Include：
Step 1：High-temperature aerobic fermentation, straw are ground into 5-10mm section shape, by volume percentage, by 50%-
70% straw and 30%-50% beer active sludges mixing, makes the initial water sub-control system of mixed material in 50%-
55%；0.5%-1.5% straw decomposings are added by metering computer belt conveyer scale by mass percentage in gained mixture material
Agent and 1.5%-2.5% nitrogen fixation agent, high-temperature aerobic fermentation, turning 4- are then carried out in solar energy compost device for quickly elevating temperature
5 times, after 20-22 days, it is decomposed to be transferred to aging workshop progress secondary fermentation；
Step 2：Secondary aerobic fermentation, the organic material of one time fermentation is added into cellulose-decomposing bacterium, used in aging workshop
Intermittent oxygen supply mode, aerobic fermentation 10-15 days, during which turning 2-3 times, treat that moisture is down to 30%-35%, temperature stabilization and normal temperature
Unanimously, decomposed material is obtained；
Step 3：Matrix acid adjustment and drop unit weight, by mass percentage, the decomposed material in step 2 is added after screening
0.5%-6.5% regulating acid agent acid adjustment and 12.5%-25% inorganic material drop unit weight, material is mixed and stacked 5-7 days；
Step 4：Detection and packaging, the material of step 3 is sampled into detection, carries out packaging of weighing after meeting physical and chemical index, i.e.,
To prepare matrix.
Further, the decomposing agent in the step 1 is to make filling carrier, solution fiber bacillus subtilis 2 with bean cake powder
Hundred million/gram, aspergillus niger 200,000,000/gram, saccharomyces cerevisiae 100,000,000/gram be configured to 500,000,000/gram leavening.
Further, the decomposing agent in the step 1 be living bacteria count (cfu) ＞ 500,000,000/gram, cellulase activity ＞
35u/g, protease activity ＞ 20u/g, diastatic activity ＞ 15u/g, pH5.5-6.0, moisture less than 5% and using bean cake powder for load
The composite ferment of body, addition are the 0.5%-1.5% of fermentation organic material.
Further, the nitrogen fixation agent in the step 1 is calcium superphosphate Ca (H2PO4) 2, magnesium hydroxide Mg (OH) 2 and Huang it is rotten
The complexing agent that sour potassium is formulated, its mass percent are：Calcium superphosphate 37.5%, magnesium hydroxide 20%, potassium fulvate
42.5%, addition is the 1.5%-2.5% of fermentation organic material.
Further, the condition of the step 1 high temperature aerobic fermentation is：Temperature rise period controls 2-3 days, temperature 45-50
DEG C, hot stage maintains 10-15 days, 55-70 DEG C of temperature, and temperature-fall period maintains 2-3 days, 40-45 DEG C of temperature, cooling stage control
1-2 days, during which need turning 7-10 times.
Further, the cellulose-decomposing bacterium that the secondary aerobic fermentation in the step 2 is added is Trichoderma viride, addition
Measure as fermentation material mass parts 0.7%-1.3%.
Further, the regulating acid agent in the step 3 is 0.5%~2.5% sulphur.
Further, the regulating acid agent in the step 3 is the sulphur and 2%~5.5% general calcium by 0.5%~2.5%
The compound regulating acid agent of composition.
Further, the regulating acid agent in the step 3 is sulphur, 0.8%~3.0% gypsum by 0.5%~2.5%
With the compound regulating acid agent of 2%~5.5% general calcium composition.
Further, the inorganic material in the step 3 is by 5%~10% pottery sand and 5%~10% vermiculite group
Into mixing inorganic material.
Further, the inorganic material in the step 3 is by 5%~10% pottery sand, 5%~10% vermiculite and 3-
The mixing inorganic material of 5% perlite composition.
Further, the physical and chemical index of the detection in the step 4 should meet company standard (Q/WRQ02-2015), physics and chemistry
Index is：Total nutrient (N+P2O5+KO2) 2.5-4.0%, acidity-basicity ph 5.5-7.0, electrical conductivity EC ＜ 2000uS/cm, unit weight ＜
0.3-0.6g/cm3, organic matter >=40%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：(1) Matrix formulation procedure fermentation time of the invention is short, and the rotten degree of stalk is high；(2)
The pH stable of seedling raising ground substance is ensure that using the comprehensive acid adjustment technology such as sulphur, gypsum, general calcium, is adapted to rice seedling growth；(3)
The matrix preservation capacity of water and fertility of the present invention is good, and nutrition is comprehensive, can meet the seedling growth nutritional need of 40 days；Matrix unit weight is small, ratio
Conventional nutraceutical soil reduces rice transplanter heavy burden more than 10%；(4) seedling raising ground substance is prepared using straw and Beer Sludge, not only solved
Difficult, waste land resource that transplanting seedling of having determined is fetched earth and abandoned biomass environmental pollution that directly discarding or combustion zone come etc.
Problem, realize that agricultural wastes recycle, while research, exploitation and the application of seedling raising ground substance, it may advantageously facilitate high-efficiency agriculture
Sustainable production, promote Rice Production entire mechanization, reduce labour cost, increase farmers' income.
Embodiment
Show that example illustrates certain embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as the model of the limitation present invention
Enclose.Present disclosure can be improved from material, method and reaction condition simultaneously, all these improvement all should
Fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
A kind of preparation method of the rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge, including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1：High-temperature aerobic fermentation, straw are ground into 5-10mm section shape, by volume percentage, by 50%-
70% straw and 30%-50% beer active sludges mixing, makes the initial water sub-control system of mixed material in 50%-
55%；In gained mixture material in mass ratio by metering computer belt conveyer scale add 0.5%-1.5% straw decomposing inoculants and
1.5%-2.5% nitrogen fixation agent, then carries out high-temperature aerobic fermentation in solar energy compost device for quickly elevating temperature, turning 4-5 times,
After 20-22 days, it is decomposed to be transferred to aging workshop progress secondary fermentation；
Step 2：Secondary aerobic fermentation, the organic material of one time fermentation is added into cellulose-decomposing bacterium, used in aging workshop
Intermittent oxygen supply mode, aerobic fermentation 10-15 days, during which turning 2-3 times, treat that moisture is down to 30%-35%, temperature stabilization and normal temperature
Unanimously, decomposed material is obtained；
Step 3：Matrix acid adjustment and drop unit weight, by mass percentage, the decomposed material in step 2 is added after screening
0.5%-6.5% regulating acid agent acid adjustment and 12.5%-25% inorganic material drop unit weight, material is mixed and stacked 5-7 days；
Step 4：Detection and packaging, the material of step 3 is sampled into detection, carries out packaging of weighing after meeting physical and chemical index, i.e.,
To prepare matrix.
Stalk in step 1 is mainly rice straw, maize straw and wheat stalk, and based on biomass, C/N ratios are about
40, beer active sludge is mainly waste yeast, the poor mud after beer fermentation separation, based on protein, a small amount of organic matter,
Moisture 60% or so, C/N ratios about 15, after mixing, material C/N ratios are 25 or so, meet the C/N ratios of compost fermentation；
Leavening in step 1 is thermophilic cellulose-decomposing bacterium and saccharomyces acidifaciens bacterium, and aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria composition
Composite bacteria agent, its total living bacteria count (cfu) ＞ 500,000,000/gram, cellulase activity ＞ 35u/g, protease activity ＞ 20u/g, starch
Enzyme activity ＞ 15u/g, its nutrition carrier are bean cake powder, as the initial nitrogen source and carbon source of flora, promote fermentative microflora quickly to breed
Producing enzyme, reached using solar temperature rising installation for fermenting and be rapidly heated, shorten fermentation time, it is complete by the aerobic fermentation of 20-22 days
Into the decomposition of the sugar decomposition and cellulose, hemicellulose of stalk organic material；
Nitrogen fixation agent in step 1 is by calcium superphosphate Ca (H2PO4) 2, magnesium hydroxide Mg (OH) 2 and potassium fulvate be formulated
Complexing agent, its mass parts is：Calcium superphosphate 37.5%, magnesium hydroxide 20%, potassium fulvate 42.5%, most of compost enterprises
In order to reduce fermentation turning during heap body ammonia nitrogen loss, fermentation is all typically added to as nitrogen fixation agent using phosphoric acid and magnesium hydroxide
In material, come fixed nitrogen by way of fermentation reaction is formed in heap body similar to ammonium magnesium phosphate (guanite) crystallization, but anti-
Usually easily cause flocculation phenomenon, the amount of the ammonium magnesium phosphate formed because of the moisture and components influence in material during answering
It can not all stablize with composition and quality, therefore, nitrogen fixation effect is also unstable；Nitrogen fixation agent of the present invention is by calcium superphosphate Ca
(H2PO4) 2 be formulated with magnesium hydroxide Mg (OH) 2 and potassium fulvate, there is the spy of deflocculation and biology complexing using fulvic acid
Point, the formation of ammonium magnesium phosphate (guanite) crystallization reaction can be promoted during the fermentation, not only nitrogen fixation effect is stable, total nitrogen loss
Controlled quentity controlled variable is notable, while is also significantly higher than traditional nitrogen fixation agent institute rich in calcium, potassium, silicon, quality in the struvite crystallization formed
The crystallization of formation；
The cellulose-decomposing bacterium of addition in step 2 is mainly Trichoderma viride, during secondary fermentation, by oxygen supply and
Hemicellulose and hemilignin in turning, mainly decomposing materials, after the completion of fermentation, material rotten degree reaches more than 95%.
Regulating acid agent in step 3 can be single regulating acid agent or compound regulating acid agent.Wherein single regulating acid agent is
0.5%~2.5% sulphur, compound regulating acid agent be by 0.5%~2.5% sulphur and 0.8%~3.0% gypsum and
2%~5.5% general calcium composition.Because rice suitably grows in sour environment, suitable pH5.5-6.0, dry rice seedling environment
If lower nursery soil pH easily occurs damping-off, cause Large Scale Death more than 6.5, at present with Nutrition Soil seedling, typically adopt
It is watered that seedbed soil sprinkle with dilute sulfuric acid and pours mode and carry out acid adjustment, and soilless breeding seeding matrix is using matured compost for main original
Material, due to organic material by compost fermentation after, decomposed base-material in alkalescence, pH is more than 8.0, it is necessary to which base-material is adjusted
Acid, make seedling raising ground substance pH controls in 5.5-6.0.Because sulfuric acid easily makes organic matter carbonization inactivation, it is impossible to be used as matrix
Regulating acid agent, different plus the physicochemical character and soil of soilless breeding seeding matrix, the replacement amount of cation is big, using single acid adjustment
Agent is easy to rebound.Production practices prove：Rice seedling seedling stage generally requires 30-45 days, is wholeheartedly needed from two leaves are seeded into
10-15 days, two leaves, which wholeheartedly arrive transplanting, needed 15-20 days, two leaves wholeheartedly former autotrophy stage influenceed by acid-base value it is smaller, two
Leaf wholeheartedly after is transferred to the heterotrophism stage, if to be not suitable for especially pH too high for environment, it is easy to damping-off occurs, often results in complete
Army is annihilated, Large Scale Death.As regulating acid agent, the acid adjustment time in soilless breeding seeding matrix can only control the foregoing dilute sulfuric acid that uses
7-10 days, rebounded beyond time pH, still up to more than 7.0, and enter that (two leaves are wholeheartedly the heterotrophism stage this when on the occasion of rice
Phase), often cause rice pathogenesis；Compound regulating acid agent of the present invention, be by multiple repetition test and checking after, use
It is made of fast, slow, the long multiple material being combined：The pH in base-material is quickly reduced using the free acid in general calcium, makes it in water
Rice is after planting stablized in pH6.5-7.0, is held time 5-7 days；Pass through slow hydrolysis, release on seedbed using gypsum
Go out hydrogen ion and sulfate radical, so as to reduce the pH of matrix, action time is to start for after planting 3-5 days, is held time 10-15 days,
PH is stable in 5.5-6.0；The mechanism of action of sulphur is to decompose to aoxidize by sulfur bacteria, forms sulfate radical and inferior sulfate radical, so as to
The pH of base-material is reduced, effect is slow, duration length, starts to take effect at after planting 10-15 days, and the duration is 15-20 days, base
Matter pH stablizes in 5.0-5.5, and a sour environment is created in the heterotrophism stage for rice shoot.Matrix is adjusted by above-mentioned regulating acid agent
PH value is required the pH of matrix in the range of 5.5~6.5 during meeting raising rice seedlings；
Inorganic material in step 3 is the perlite by 5%~10% pottery sand, 5%~10% vermiculite and 3%-5%
The mixing inorganic material of composition, pottery sand and vermiculite are 2mm or so particle diameter, and perlite is 3-5mm or so particle diameter, it is desirable to without powder
Dirt, free from admixture, particle diameter is not too much, otherwise easily floating, and mixed matrix unit weight is 300g/L~600g/L.
Seedling raising ground substance prepared by above-mentioned method is used for machine transplanting of rice early rice matrix seedling, machine transplanting of rice early rice matrix seedling-cultivation technique is such as
Under：
1st, seed treatment
1. choose seeds：To ensure germination neat and consistent and seedling quality, seed selection full seed, mass of 1000 kernel are suitable
Seed carries out sowing seedling.(20 grams of salt can be added per 1kg water, aqueous solution proportion improves 0.1, can matched somebody with somebody in this ratio with sorting seed by salt water
System seed selection liquid.Salt solution proportion japonica rice is ＞ 1.10, and long-grained nonglutinous rice is ＞ 1.06.) or clear water seed selection (rinsed with clear water, be divided to it is floating, sink two
Point, vernalization respectively, divide disk to sow, make same disk seedling growth relatively neat.) sort seed by salt water after fully must eluriate or rinse,
Salinity is removed clean.
2. soak seed：Ensure that seed suctions moisture, germination is neat, while also can effectively prevent and treat rice pest.To ensure rice
Kind suctions moisture, and general long-grained nonglutinous rice need to soak 60 DEG C of days of foot, and japonica rice need to soak 80 DEG C of days of foot.Kind paddy suctions the standard of moisture：Water suction
Measure as the 1/3 of dry seed weight.
3. vernalization：After seed suctions moisture content, under the constant temperature of higher (30 DEG C or so), seed fast germination is allowed, with bud paddy
Sowing, germination standard is that rice radicle breakthrough glume is exposed,
2nd, matrix treatments and sabot
Its matter dispensing includes the matrix that gained is prepared in embodiment 1, abolishes matrix and knot is extruded caused by transportation
Block.It is not required to add medicament, soil and fertilizer etc..
Conventional seedling disk mainly has three kinds of hard disk, floppy disk and paper disc.
Seedling disk major requirement：Depth：2.5-3 centimetres, it is impossible to less than 2cm；Put down at bottom：Seedling disk must be flat with ground, especially
Be hard disk portion had better not carry rib ditch, in order to avoid develop to form barrier to rice shoot root system, cause seedling block to be broken；Hole count：Seedling disk
Bottom outlet should not be excessive, can meet leak requirement, and for the hard disk of 25 × 58 specifications, hole count of often trying to get to the heart of a matter is with 90-110
It is advisable；Sterilization：The seedling disk of reuse, disinfection is carried out before use.Sterilization method；0.2% potassium permanganate solution or
Metalaxyl solution immersion seedling disk 30 minutes.
Sabot stromal thickness：2-2..5cm of bottom matrix, it is impossible to less than 2cm, otherwise easy dehydration, packing power deficiency machine
Needed for inserting.More than 2.5cm added costs, it is not necessary that.Lid seed matrix 0.5cm or so, is advisable with not leaking seed, too thick emergence easily knot
Lid.Fluffy face is put down, and keeps the natural soft fluffy state of matrix, it is not necessary to be compacted；Either mechanically or manually sabot will be accomplished to keep
Stromal surface is smooth, should not became uneven, height rises and falls, uneven with anti-fall seed.
Pour vola water：Rear, lid seed irrigates bottom water at twice before prior to seeding respectively, basic before emergence after covering matrix
Do not water.Sufficient water quality standard：Bottom outlet water breakthrough and do not ooze.
3rd, sow
Application rate：Examined with reference to the combined factors such as yield target, strong seedling standard, seedling age elasticity and machine transplanting of rice effect and breediness
Consider.Under the conditions of matrix seedling, rice variety typically often disk sowing is the packing requirement that the machine transplanting of rice is can reach at 70 grams or so.
Seeding accuracy：Whether the distribution that the precision of sowing directly influences rice shoot is uniform, plants so as to having influence on machine
Leak cave rate.Therefore, in the case of particularly to the small application rate of machine transplanting of rice long-grained nonglutinous rice seedling, Precise sowing requires stricter.
4th, balance
Pay attention to the short side of seed plate is outside when putting seed plate, ajust, put neat, pendulum tightly.Floppy disk seedling especially seedling disk put it is neat,
Pendulum is tight, and otherwise seedling is block-shaped irregularly, it is of low quality to plant.
5th, cover
When floppy disk seedling or the hard disk seedling without progress disc stack vernalization, one can be covered in seedling panel surface before rice seedling
Layer non-woven fabrics is to be incubated；Or the insulation of one layer of mulch film of covering, moisturizing, cover again on film one layer of 4-5cm thickness straw or straw screen or mat insulation,
High temperature-proof, treat that the neat after seedling of rice shoot removes in time.Can all being covered in whole seedling stage for non-woven fabrics is covered, neither influences warm light efficiency
Fruit, it can be caused harm with pest control.
6th, seedling management
(1) temperature treatment：Temperature control day and night temperature and absolute temperature.Relatively low daytime temperature, the higher sharp root system of night temperature
Growth.
Before emergence daytime maintain substrate temperature be at 25-30 DEG C, at night not less than 15 DEG C, create as far as possible appropriate high temperature,
Constant temperature is to promote quickly to emerge；Major measure be by cover facility, determined according to weather big-and-middle ventilation time and ventilation with
And the management of water regulates and controls；The lower bound of thermophilic is maintained to a leaf phase, temperature after emergence, particularly night temperature should take the lower bound pipe of thermophilic
Reason, to control growth of seedling, promote strong sprout；The heart stage of one leaf of rice shoot one to the two leaf phases, depending on weather condition, fine day should be maintained moderately
The upper limit of thermophilic is to prevent the generation of damping-off；After two leaves, enter depending on whether closing on according to the needs for promoting control for transplanting time limit
The corresponding temperature treatment of row.
(2) management of water
The management of water is the key point of matrix seedling management, and high humidity suppresses root and the growth of root hair, and low humidity then promotes root and root
Hair growth.It should be noted that the aqueous situation of observation matrix, on the premise of moisture content supply is ensured, improves matrix as far as possible before emergence
Venting capability, emerged with profit.If matrix desiccation, answer timely moisturizing.(disc stack vernalization has covering with ground sheeting under normal circumstances
Flat furrow, dilute handle seedling disk) bottom water enough emerge it is used；After emergence, top soil, suitable control watering, holding surface matrix, which is dried, sees
In vain, prevent surface matrix from luming to form " headkerchief " (disc stack vernalization is not in), cause seedling growth uneven.
Whole seedling stage all should keep matrix to moisten, and keep water content of substrate 65~70%；Hardening also can't excessively control water.
Water shortage index：Morning guttation phenomenon.Such as lose the normal guttation of blade tip, answer timely moisturizing.Greenhouse Dry Breeding Seedlings also should not water
Divide too sufficient, 80% of water supply in media no more than maximum water-holding capacity after emergence；In the case of being educated for water, such as find that rice shoot root system is a large amount of
During lower bundle bed soil, irrigation quantity should be increased, keeps enough water content of hypothallus.
The management lime light of water
Water quality requirement：Without silt, algae, without pathogen, pollution-free；PH5.5-7, EC≤1.0ms/cm, pay attention to micro member
The supply of element.
(3) illumination management：Before emergence, the management of light should consider to heat light requirement, again using the requirement for meeting temperature as target
To prevent burn as far as possible；After emergence in the case where not influenceing temperature, the common light of nursery is allowed as far as possible.Matrix hole plate seedling growth
Controlling the key measure of seedling is：Low temperature, Qiang Guang, appropriate moisture.Growth of the illumination to rice shoot plant has facilitation；Illumination is stronger,
Facilitation is more obvious.To early rice seedling, because temperature is relatively low, illumination is weaker, can suitably use the measure of fluorescent lamp light filling.
(4) fertile management：Rice seedling raising ground substance contains whole nutrition of rice seedling, in the situation that moisture management is proper
Under, typically it is not required to supplement fertilizer, if being chronically at unrestrained water or heavy rain elution and showing fertilizer deficiency, can suitably supplements such as ammonium sulfate
Instant nitrogenousfertilizer.
(5) " headkerchief " is handled：" headkerchief " phenomenon occurs when a large amount of germinations, coating matrix are aqueous larger, and
When take the coverings such as mulch film off, air-dry coating matrix, gently being swept with whisk broom etc. makes matrix be scattering into rice shoot root, and suitably waters
Wash away blade face matrix.
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Attention control mole cricket, vole, sparrow etc. eat and destroyed to the robber of seed before emergence, cause uneven emergence.After emergence
Notice that leafhopper and small brown rice planthopper etc. prevent and treat.Substrate seedling, on the premise of seed treatment is carried out, by suitable temperature and humidity management,
Seedling stage pays attention to blue or green vertical withered outburst condition, when harsh weather occurs, can be prevented with medicament；Under normal circumstances, environmental management is arrived
Disease seldom occurs for the situation of position, seedling stage.
7th, seedling, upper seedling, the machine transplanting of rice are rolled up
Reach the disk nursery at the length of time rice seedlings grow, in the machine transplanting of rice, rolled rice shoot with hand for one from seedlings nursing plate, into tubular, every disk rice shoot
For one, field is then transported to, rice transplanter is placed in and enters in seedling version, carries out the machine transplanting of rice.
Specific embodiment
Test matrix is the present invention straw and the rice seedling raising ground substance of beer active sludge production, compost material
The influence to compost fermentation of nutrient, moisture and carbon-nitrogen ratio it is most important, the suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio of microorganism decomposition organic materials is
25 or so, the normal fermentation time is 25 days or so.Selected raw material in experiment, through being asked after repeated detection its physicochemical character index
Average results show that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of crop material is higher, about between 40~60 (table 1)；Beer active sludge refers to send out
The activated sludge that ferment waste water precipitates after processing, main component are the waste yeasts that can not be recycled after number generation fermentation
Mud, containing crude protein 29.97%, its heavy metal is less than national standard (table 2), and traditional processing method is landfill or accumulation on ground surface,
Environment is polluted, both are carried out Mixed adjustment, to adapt to compost hair by us using the characteristics of its available nutrient is high, carbon-nitrogen ratio is low
Carbon source and nitrogen source needed for ferment.
The raw material physicochemical character index of table 1
The innoxious Indexs measure result of the beer activated sludge of table 2
Data source：Academy of agricultural sciences of Hubei Province Agricultural development quality standard and detection technique research institute examining report
Specific embodiment 1
1. base starting material：The nitrogen fixation agent of+1% leavening of+50% Beer Sludge of 50% straw+2%
2. the high-temperature aerobic fermentation time：20 days
3. two decomposed fermentation times：10 days
4. regulating acid agent：2.5% sulphur
5. inorganic material：The vermiculite of 5% pottery sand+5%
Specific embodiment 2
1. base starting material：The nitrogen fixation agent of+1% leavening of+40% Beer Sludge of 60% straw+2%
2. the high-temperature aerobic fermentation time：20 days
3. two decomposed fermentation times：10 days
4. regulating acid agent：The general calcium of 2.5% sulphur+5%
5. inorganic material：The vermiculite of 10% pottery sand+10%
Specific embodiment 3
1. base starting material：The nitrogen fixation agent of+1% leavening of+30% Beer Sludge of 70% straw+2%
2. the high-temperature aerobic fermentation time：20 days
3. two decomposed fermentation times：10 days
4. regulating acid agent：The gypsum of+2% general calcium of 2% sulphur+1.5%
5. inorganic material：The perlite of+10% vermiculite of 10% pottery sand+5%
Seedling raising ground substance is made in dispensing in above-mentioned 3 specific embodiments in the present inventive method, and according to machine transplanting of rice early rice
Matrix prepared by 3 specific embodiments is used for early rice seedling by matrix seedling-cultivation technique.Blank control is used as using Nutrition Soil culture.
Interpretation of result
(1) mixed fermentation test result analysis
Experiment finds that the materials of 3 embodiments, 7 days temperature before stacking constantly raise, and rapidly enter hot fermentation rank
Section.The pH and EC of material processing heap are significantly raised.In composting fermentation process, the change of " high-low-high " is presented in pH value.Early stage
Microorganism decomposition itrogenous organic substance produces ammonia, causes heap body pH value early stage to raise but then downward trend is presented in pH value, after fermentation
Phase, pH was raised again, and the ammonium salt accumulation and organic matter humification in material dead with most of mesophilic micoorganisms, decomposed are relevant.
In fermentation process, the metal ion activity such as Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu has obtained significantly improving, therefore, heap in fermentation process
The EC values of body can be raised constantly.
The front and rear Nutrient change of the organic materials of table 3 fermentation
N, P, K nutrient increase after formula, fermenting in 3 embodiments it can be seen from data in table 3, content of organic matter drop
It is low.In composting fermentation process, microorganism needs the carbonaceous organic material in spent material to provide energy for it so that material organic matter drops
It is low, and inorganic nutrients therein constantly accumulate, and make nutrient content relative increase.
Conclusion：The comprehensive function of stalk and beer activated sludge in straw decomposing inoculant and solar energy compost device for quickly elevating temperature
Under, high temperature fermentation stage can be rapidly entered, stalk and beer activated sludge aerobic fermentation process can be accelerated.During its hot fermentation
A length of 20 days or so, than Traditional compost fermentation time reduction 5 days or so.
(2) regulating acid agent effect checking
Straw and beer activated sludge in three specific embodiments after sulphur is added organic material during stacking
PH value can decline, and wherein the organic material of specific embodiment 1 dropped to 6.5 or so in 21 days pH value, and pH tends towards stability afterwards, surely
Regularly a length of 30 days or so, the organic material of specific embodiment 2 dropped to 6.0 or so in 21 days pH value, and pH tends towards stability afterwards, surely
Regularly a length of 30 days or so, the organic material of specific embodiment 3 dropped to 5.4 or so in 14 days pH value, and pH tends towards stability afterwards, surely
Regularly a length of 30 days or so.
According to above-mentioned result of the test, the fermentation organic material in 3 specific embodiments and sulphur are made into rice matrix sample,
Seedling experiment is carried out after stacking 10 days, physicochemical character, rice shoot economical character before and after detection nursery, to verify its acid adjustment effect pair
The influence of seedling quality, blank control is used as using Nutrition Soil culture.
Matrix physicochemical character before and after processing nursery is detected, its result is as shown in table 4：After sowing 14 days (table 4), base
Matter nutrient is absorbed by rice shoot, and Absorption of Nitrogen is most in single nutrient, compared with blank group, pH, EC change of experimental group
It is relatively stable and better than blank group by observation, the emergence situation of test group；After sowing 28 days, rice shoot economical character index knot
Fruit is as shown in table 5 below：Compared with blank group, the plant height of experimental group is wider than hundred plants of blank group, overground part less than blank group, stem foot
Fresh weight is significantly less than blank group, and hundred plants of underground part fresh weights are noticeably greater than blank group, the most long notable blank group of root long of experimental group,
Effective packing number is without significant difference.
The change (sowing 14 days) of the sulphur acid adjustment matrix physicochemical character of table 4
The economical character (sowing 28 days) of the sulphur acid adjustment rice shoot of table 5
Conclusion：PH using sulphur regulation rice seedling raising ground substance has remarkable result, sulphur acid adjustment stable and durable effect, but needs
Stack in advance, slowly effect, it is restricted to matrix production time and supply requirement.
(3) nutrient, unit weight and emergence rate checking
Carry out seedling with the seedling raising ground substance in the present embodiment to test, to verify whether the matrix formulations in the present embodiment meet
Industrialized production needs.
By detecting each formulation media physicochemical character, its result is as follows：
The different disposal matrix physicochemical character of table 6
Research shows that often producing 100kg rice needs nitrogen 2.2kg, phosphorus 1.2kg, potassium 2.2kg, and needed for rice seedling seedling stage
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition account for 0.50%, 0.26%, the 0.40% of the time of infertility respectively.Calculated by rice per mu yield for 750kg, often
Nitrogen, phosphorus needed for mu rice seedling seedling growth, the amount of potassium nutrition element are respectively 82.5g, 23.4g, 66.0g.Use the present embodiment
In every mu of paddy field of soilless breeding seeding matrix Dry Breeding Seedlings need matrix 30kg, as seen from the above table, matrix can be rice seedling provide institute
The nitrogen that needs, phosphorus, the amount of potassium nutrition element are averagely respectively 510g, 240g, 270g, can be provided for 40 days rice seedling growth periods sufficient
Enough nutrients.
As shown in Table 6, matrix unit weight is up to 565g/L, and each seedling disk weighs about 1.9kg (seedling disk body accumulates about 3.2L), and adopts
Seedling disk weight at least 4kg, it is with conventional nutraceutical soil seedling twice of matrix seedling weight.Consider further that matrix water-retaining property etc. is asked
Inscribe, rice transplanter heavy burden more than 10% is at least reduced using soilless substrate seedling in actual production process.Meanwhile in the present embodiment
The emergence rate of seedling raising ground substance is 94%, and therefore, the matrix of the present embodiment can meet the requirement of dry rice seedling under early spring cryogenic conditions, match somebody with somebody
Square stability is good, is adapted to industrial production.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, technique according to the invention scheme and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
- A kind of 1. rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge, it is characterised in that：The raising rice seedlings Matrix is straw and 30%-50% beer active sludges by 50%-70% successively by mixing high-temperature aerobic fermentation, two What secondary fermentation maturity, decomposed organic material addition inorganic material and regulating acid agent allotment were prepared.
- A kind of 2. preparation method of the rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge, it is characterised in that：Institute The method of stating includes：Step 1：High-temperature aerobic fermentation, straw are ground into 5-10mm section shape, by volume percentage, by 50%-70% Straw and 30%-50% beer active sludges mixing, make the initial water sub-control system of mixed material in 50%-55%； In gained mixture material by mass percentage by metering computer belt conveyer scale add 0.5%-1.5% straw decomposing inoculants and 1.5%-2.5% nitrogen fixation agent, then carries out high-temperature aerobic fermentation in solar energy compost device for quickly elevating temperature, turning 4-5 times, After 20-22 days, it is decomposed to be transferred to aging workshop progress secondary fermentation；Step 2：Secondary aerobic fermentation, the organic material of one time fermentation is added into cellulose-decomposing bacterium, in aging workshop using interval Offering oxygen way, aerobic fermentation 10-15 days, during which turning 2-3 times, treat that moisture is down to 30%-35%, temperature stabilization and normal temperature one Cause, obtain decomposed material；Step 3：Matrix acid adjustment and drop unit weight, by mass percentage, the decomposed material in step 2 is added after screening 0.5%-6.5% regulating acid agent acid adjustment and 12.5%-25% inorganic material drop unit weight, material is mixed and stacked 5-7 days；Step 4：Detection and packaging, the material of step 3 is sampled into detection, packaging of weighing is carried out after meeting physical and chemical index, as makes It is standby to obtain matrix.
- A kind of 3. preparation of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge according to claim 2 Method, it is characterised in that：Decomposing agent in the step 1 is to make filling carrier, solution fiber bacillus subtilis 2 with bean cake powder Hundred million/gram, aspergillus niger 200,000,000/gram, saccharomyces cerevisiae 100,000,000/gram be configured to 500,000,000/gram leavening.
- A kind of 4. preparation of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge according to claim 2 Method, it is characterised in that：Decomposing agent in the step 1 for living bacteria count (cfu) ＞ 500,000,000/gram, cellulase activity ＞ 35u/ G, protease activity ＞ 20u/g, diastatic activity ＞ 15u/g, pH5.5-6.0, moisture less than 5% and using bean cake powder as carrier Composite ferment, addition are the 0.5%-1.5% of fermentation organic material.
- A kind of 5. preparation of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge according to claim 2 Method, it is characterised in that：Nitrogen fixation agent in the step 1 is calcium superphosphate Ca (H2PO4) 2, magnesium hydroxide Mg (OH) 2 and Huang it is rotten The complexing agent that sour potassium is formulated, its mass percent are：Calcium superphosphate 37.5%, magnesium hydroxide 20%, potassium fulvate 42.5%, addition is the 1.5%-2.5% of fermentation organic material.
- A kind of 6. preparation of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge according to claim 2 Method, it is characterised in that：The condition of the step 1 high temperature aerobic fermentation is：Temperature rise period controls 2-3 days, temperature 45-50 DEG C, hot stage maintains 10-15 days, 55-70 DEG C of temperature, and temperature-fall period maintains 2-3 days, 40-45 DEG C of temperature, cooling stage control 1-2 days, during which need turning 7-10 times.
- A kind of 7. preparation of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge according to claim 2 Method, it is characterised in that：The cellulose-decomposing bacterium that secondary aerobic fermentation in the step 2 is added is Trichoderma viride, addition Measure as fermentation material mass parts 0.7%-1.3%.
- A kind of 8. preparation of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge according to claim 2 Method, it is characterised in that：The sulphur that regulating acid agent in the step 3 is 0.5%~2.5%.
- A kind of 9. preparation of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge according to claim 2 Method, it is characterised in that：Regulating acid agent in the step 3 is the sulphur and 2%~5.5% general calcium group by 0.5%~2.5% Into compound regulating acid agent.
- A kind of 10. system of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge according to claim 2 Preparation Method, it is characterised in that：Regulating acid agent in the step 3 is sulphur, 0.8%~3.0% stone by 0.5%~2.5% The compound regulating acid agent of cream and 2%~5.5% general calcium composition.
- A kind of 11. system of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge according to claim 2 Preparation Method, it is characterised in that：Inorganic material in the step 3 is by 5%~10% pottery sand and 5%~10% vermiculite group Into mixing inorganic material.
- A kind of 12. system of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge according to claim 2 Preparation Method, it is characterised in that：Inorganic material in the step 3 be by 5%~10% pottery sand, 5%~10% vermiculite and The mixing inorganic material of 3-5% perlite composition.
- A kind of 13. system of rice seedling raising ground substance produced with straw and beer active sludge according to claim 2 Preparation Method, it is characterised in that：The physical and chemical index of detection in the step 4 should meet company standard (Q/WRQ02-2015), reason Changing index is：Total nutrient (N+P2O5+KO2) 2.5-4.0%, acidity-basicity ph 5.5-7.0, electrical conductivity EC ＜ 2000uS/cm, unit weight ＜ 0.3-0.6g/cm3, organic matter >=40%.
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| CN109121866A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-04 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of sponge bed machine rice transplanting seedling bed and method of raising seedling |
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| CN109627056A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-16 | 四川清和福生生物工程有限公司 | A kind of production method of paper mill sludge quick fermentation production biological organic fertilizer |
| CN111869525A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-03 | 周纯有 | Seedling raising method for rice seedlings |
| CN113079979A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-09 | 辽宁大学 | Method for planting vegetables in sandy soil by utilizing decomposed beer wastewater sludge |
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