CN101724560B - Microbial inoculums and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial inoculums and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101724560B CN101724560B CN200910230628XA CN200910230628A CN101724560B CN 101724560 B CN101724560 B CN 101724560B CN 200910230628X A CN200910230628X A CN 200910230628XA CN 200910230628 A CN200910230628 A CN 200910230628A CN 101724560 B CN101724560 B CN 101724560B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial inoculum and a preparation method thereof. The microbial inoculum is prepared from bacterial liquid containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Azotobocter chroococcum and Bacillus circulans Jordan and an adsorbent. The adsorbent comprises the following components: humic acid, lignin and diatomite of which the weight ratio is equal to 5:3:1. The proportion of the adsorbent and the bacterial liquid is that: each 100 kg of adsorbent is added with 15 L of bacterial liquid. The effective viable count of the microbial inoculums is between 200,000,000 and 250,000,000 per gram. The microbial inoculum can not only activate the soil and improve the fertilizer utilization, but also effectively inhibit soil-borne disease from breeding and spreading, thereby having the effect of increasing yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microbiobacterial agent, belong to biological field.
Background technology
China's fertilizer amount ranks first in the world, and homemade chemical fertilizer can only satisfy 70% of domestic needs, more than 30 hundred million dollars of the total values of annual import chemical fertilizer.China's chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is low, and only about 30%, the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer is lower has only 19% to the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, and a large amount of phosphorus fixedly is converted into invalid phosphorus by adsorption by soil, and the utilization ratio of potassium also has only about 35%, and a large amount of potassium drip washing are lost or are cured by the soil.
Fertilizer uses unreasonable in the production, cause ecological environment of soil, ecological physicochemical character and soil microflora destruction in various degree, soil salinification, acidifying occur and hardens etc., especially too much use single chemical fertilizer, made nutritive element serious disproportion in the soil, soil continues throughput and descends.Using in a large number of chemical fertilizer also causes environmental pollution.
For agricultural sustainable development; preserve the ecological environment; China expert has proposed the notion of " green agriculture "; wherein microbial fertilizer is its important integral part; use microbial fertilizer and can reach nitrogen that crop is difficult to utilize in the activating soil or unavailable; phosphorus; in potassium and other; trace element; improve the ability that crop self utilizes nutrient; alleviate the contradiction of China's manure resources shortage; reduce fertilizer loss; improve utilization rate of fertilizer, improve the soil; strengthen its immunizing power, improve crop disease-resistant and insect-resistance; improve quality of agricultural product and produce the nuisanceless green agricultural-food, prevent because the unreasonable multiple effects such as environmental pollution that cause of fertilising.For the Sustainable development of agricultural and the protection eubiosis provide safeguard.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming in the existing chemical fertilizer fertilizer application mode, the invention provides a kind of microbiobacterial agent, it not only can activating soil, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, can also effectively suppress growing and spreading of soil-borne disease, plays the effect of volume increase.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of microbiobacterial agent, it is characterized in that, by containing subtilis (Bacillussubtilis), bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium de Bary), bacterium liquid and the sorbent material of azotobacter chroococcum (Azotobocter chroococcum) and Bacillus circulans (Bacillus circulans Jordan) are made, described sorbent material and weight ratio thereof are humic acid: xylogen: diatomite=5: 3: 1, the proportioning of described sorbent material and bacterium liquid is: per 100 kilograms of sorbent materials add 15L bacterium liquid, the living bacteria count of described microbiobacterial agent is 2.0-2.5 hundred million/gram, described subtilis, bacillus megaterium bacterium liquid, the bacterium in described microbiobacterial agent of azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus circulans is counted scope than being (35-42): (9.5-11): (3.5-5.0): (1.5-2).
The preparation method of bacteria agent of the present invention, it is characterized in that, it at first is the preparation of bacterium liquid, with subtilis, bacillus megaterium, azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus circulans carry out actication of culture respectively, slant culture and shake-flask culture, then subtilis and bacillus megaterium shake-flask culture liquid are incorporated into one and in seeding tank A, carry out seed fermentation jar liquid culture, azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus circulans nutrient solution are incorporated into one in seeding tank B, carry out seed fermentation jar liquid culture, at last the fermented liquid in seeding tank A and the seeding tank B is incorporated into one in fermentor tank enlarged culturing fermentation obtain bacterium liquid, sorbent material is put into stirrer according to the above ratio, after stirring, by 15 liters of bacterium liquid/100 kilogram, bacterium liquid is adsorbed onto on the sorbent material, and the crushing packing that sieves after the thorough drying can obtain microbial inoculum of the present invention.Bacterium liquid culture medium of the present invention and parameter thereof are as follows:
(1) inclined-plane and shake-flask culture base are formed and culture condition:
Bacillus megaterium inclined-plane and shake-flask culture base are formed: glucose 2 grams, extractum carnis 5 grams, peptone 8 grams, MgSO
40.3 gram, NaCl 3 grams, K
2HPO
41.5 gram, tap water 1000ml, PH=7.0-7.5, slant culture: temperature was cultivated 40 hours for 33.5 ℃; Shake-flask culture: 33.5 ℃ of temperature, 220 rev/mins, 26 hours;
Subtilis inclined-plane and shake-flask culture base are formed: extractum carnis 5 grams, peptone 5 grams, NaCl 5 grams, yeast powder 1 gram, lime carbonate 0.2 gram, MgSO
40.5 gram, tap water 1000ml, PH=7.0-7.5, slant culture: temperature was cultivated 36 hours for 35 ℃; Shake-flask culture: 35 ℃ of temperature, 220 rev/mins, 24 hours;
Azotobacter chroococcum inclined-plane and shake-flask culture base are formed: potassium primary phosphate 0.2g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.8g, N.F,USP MANNITOL 2.0g, peptone 0.5g, yeast powder 0.5g, Sodium orthomolybdate 0.008g, iron(ic) chloride 0.005g, calcium sulfate 0.1g, sal epsom 0.1, tap water 1000ml, PH=7.0-7.5, slant culture: 30 ℃ of temperature, cultivated 28 hours; Shake-flask culture: 30 ℃ of temperature, 200 rev/mins, 20 hours;
Bacillus circulans inclined-plane and shake-flask culture base are formed: sucrose 10g, and potassium primary phosphate 5g, yeast powder 0.5g, iron(ic) chloride 0.02g, lime carbonate 0.4g, sal epsom 0.2g, water 1000ml, PH=7.0, slant culture: 33.5 ℃ of temperature, cultivated 26 hours; Shake-flask culture: 35 ℃ of temperature, 220 rev/mins, 30 hours;
(2) seeding tank fermention medium and fermentation parameter
The A jar: ammonium sulfate 150g, glucose 650g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 20g, sodium-chlor 15g, Repone K 15g, sal epsom 56g, manganous sulfate 2.0g, ferrous sulfate 2.5 grams, water 70L, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, 200 rev/mins, 36 hours, ventilation volume was than 1: 1;
The B jar: soybean cake powder 350g, sucrose 350g, yeast powder 350g, ammonium sulfate 7.0g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 70g, sodium-chlor 7g, lime carbonate 7g, ferrous sulfate 0.7 gram, water 70L, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, 200 rev/mins, 36 hours, ventilation volume was than 1: 1;
(3) ferment tank substratum and parameter
Soybean cake powder 7000g, starch 22500g, yeast powder 140g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 200g, sodium-chlor 7g, water 700L, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, 180 rev/mins, 48 hours, ventilation volume was than 1: 1.
Microbiobacterial agent is used the method for putting:
1, base fertilizer: mu consumption 10-20kg, and use behind fertilizer or the chemical fertilizer mixing;
2, spread manuer in holes: mu consumption 5-20kg, in the crop sowing or when transplanting, and spread manuer in holes behind fertilizer or the fine earth mixing;
3, impose: mu consumption 5-20kg and imposes behind fertilizer or the chemical fertilizer mixing;
Fertilizer: refer to farmyard manure, barnyard manure, chicken, ox, sheep excrement etc.When using, can one use in the soil, the fully fermentation that also can stir was used after 3-5 days, and effect is better.
Chemical fertilizer: refer to diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and bicarbonate of ammonia etc.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the first, microbiobacterial agent of the present invention contains multiple beneficial microorganism, organic matter and various trace elements, using the back increases the soil probiotics, improves soil, activating soil, improve utilization rate of fertilizer and fertilizer long-lasting, can reach the effect of controlled release fertilizer; The second, complex microbial community can be regulated micro-flora in the soil, justacrine hormone and multiple meta-bolites, these materials are with after root system of plant contacts, can effectively suppress growing and spreading of soil-borne disease, promote well developed root system, plant strain growth is vigorous, regulates metabolism, has improved the disease-resistant and resistance of plant; Three, improve the crop product quality, improve crop yield, the vegetable category crop yield reaches 15%-20%, fruit tree volume increase 15%-30%, cotton, paddy rice, peanut, wheat, seeding corn and other crops volume increase 10%-15%.
Embodiment
The present invention further specifies its technique effect in conjunction with contrast experiment's data of the result of use of this microbiobacterial agent on shallot
1. materials and methods:
1.1 for the examination material
Kind: shallot: ten thousand new No. one (farm varieties), grow seedlings in October, 2006, and on June 30th, 2007 transplanted, and on November 18th, 2007 gathered in the crops.
Test site: ten thousand residential districts, jujube garden, Zhangqiu City, Shandong, sub-district area: 4.05 * 5=20.25m
2, planting density is: 75cm, and spacing in the rows is 4cm, 34.5 ten thousand strain/hectares see Table 1 for the basic physicochemical character that tries soil.
Table 1 is for the basic physicochemical character of examination soil
PH | Organic (%) | N(mg/kg) | P 2O 5(mg/kg) | K 2O(mg/kg) |
6.4 | 1.720 | 66.94 | 9.41 | 138.94 |
1.2 test method
1.2.1 test is handled:
Establish 3 processing altogether, each is handled 3 times and repeats, and be respectively: only use microbiobacterial agent of the present invention (MIC), an application of organic fertilizers (farmyard manure) (1MCK) is only used microbiobacterial agent and organic fertilizer (2MCK), and all the other fertilizer need not.
The living bacteria count of microbiobacterial agent of the present invention is 2.0 hundred million/gram, and it is 35: 11: 5 that the bacterium in described microbiobacterial agent of described subtilis, bacillus megaterium bacterium liquid, azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus circulans is counted the scope ratio: 2.
Growing period (vigorous period by the end of August promptly, false stem influx time by the end of September with when results, totally 3 times) from the every repetition of every processing, take a sample, measure plant height, biological yield, dry matter; Get the soil sample of 0-30cm, measure its rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content.
2 results and analysis
2.1 influence to shallot plant height and dry matter
Each handles the influence of fertilising for shallot plant height and dry matter table 2
As can be seen from Table 2, in each period of shallot growth, plant height and dry matter that 2MCK handles all are maximum, and in harvesting time, the plant height of MIC and dry matter be also obviously greater than 1MCK, shows that microbial inoculum of the present invention and fertilizer mix to execute, gaining effect to the increase of plant height and dry matter is obvious, and use the effect of microbial inoculum of the present invention separately, and the weak effect of MIC and 2MCK illustrates that apart from less the effect of microbial inoculum of the present invention is obvious than independent application of organic fertilizers.
2.2 quick-acting nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus analysis to field soil
In each period of shallot growth, the soil sample of getting 0-30cm is measured its rapid available phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium content result is as shown in table 3 below.
Each processing of table 3 is in the essential nutrient contents of shallot soil sample in vegetative period
Apply the fertilizer of different treatment after shallot is transplanted seedlings, along with the continuous growth of shallot, the nutrient of its root layer soil can be absorbed by crop, and in the growth of shallot vigorous period, each processing is remarkable to the content difference of rapid available phosphorus, and wherein to handle content the highest for 1MCK; Wait to enter the false stem influx time of shallot, be the period that the shallot growth is enriched the most this period, need to absorb a large amount of nutrients, the processing available P content that fertilizer occurred applying is on the low side, in harvesting time, each handles available P content increases, and analyzes the effect of microbial bacteria decomposition soil solid-state phosphorus in the reason MIC processing, 1MCK, 2MCK divide phosphorus decomposing under the effect of soil probiotics, replenished rapid available phosphorus.The variation of available potassium, 1MCK reduces always, may be that crop absorbs and potassium is fixed and causes jointly, and MIC and 2MCK exists the phosphate solubilizing microorganism of adding, also can promote the decomposition of solid-state potassium, and decomposing organic matter increases the content of available potassium in 2MCK.In a word, microbial inoculum of the present invention and organic fertilizer are used the effect that can play P and K decomposing to soil jointly.
Claims (2)
1. microbiobacterial agent, it is characterized in that, by containing subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium de Bary), bacterium liquid and the sorbent material of azotobacter chroococcum (Azotobocter chroococcum) and Bacillus circulans (Bacillus circulans Jordan) are made, described sorbent material and weight ratio thereof are humic acid: xylogen: diatomite=5: 3: 1, the proportioning of described sorbent material and bacterium liquid is: per 100 kilograms of sorbent materials add 15L bacterium liquid, the living bacteria count of described microbiobacterial agent is 2.0-2.5 hundred million/gram, described subtilis, bacillus megaterium bacterium liquid, azotobacter chroococcum and the Bacillus circulans bacterium in described microbiobacterial agent is counted scope than being (35-42): (9.5-11): (3.5-5.0): (1.5-2).
2. the preparation method of a kind of microbiobacterial agent as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, at first carry out the preparation of bacterium liquid: with subtilis, bacillus megaterium, azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus circulans carry out actication of culture respectively, slant culture and shake-flask culture, then subtilis and bacillus megaterium shake-flask culture liquid are incorporated into one and in seeding tank A, carry out seed fermentation jar liquid culture, azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus circulans nutrient solution are incorporated into one in seeding tank B, carry out seed fermentation jar liquid culture, at last the fermented liquid in seeding tank A and the seeding tank B is incorporated into one in fermentor tank enlarged culturing fermentation obtain bacterium liquid, then sorbent material is put into stirrer in the described ratio of claim 1, after stirring, the amount that adds 15L bacterium liquid by per 100 kilograms of sorbent materials is adsorbed onto bacterium liquid on the sorbent material, the crushing packing that sieves after the thorough drying can obtain product, and described substratum is formed and parameter is:
(1) inclined-plane and shake-flask culture base are formed and culture condition:
Bacillus megaterium inclined-plane and shake-flask culture base are formed: glucose 2 grams, extractum carnis 5 grams, peptone 8 grams, MgSO
40.3 gram, NaCl 3 grams, K
2HPO
41.5 gram, tap water 1000ml, pH=7.0-7.5, slant culture: temperature was cultivated 40 hours for 33.5 ℃; Shake-flask culture: 33.5 ℃ of temperature, 220 rev/mins, 26 hours;
Subtilis inclined-plane and shake-flask culture base are formed: extractum carnis 5 grams, peptone 5 grams, NaCl 5 grams, yeast powder 1 gram, lime carbonate 0.2 gram, MgSO
40.5 gram, tap water 1000ml, pH=7.0-7.5, slant culture: temperature was cultivated 36 hours for 35 ℃; Shake-flask culture: 35 ℃ of temperature, 220 rev/mins, 24 hours;
Azotobacter chroococcum inclined-plane and shake-flask culture base are formed: potassium primary phosphate 0.2g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.8g, N.F,USP MANNITOL 2.0g, peptone 0.5g, yeast powder 0.5g, Sodium orthomolybdate 0.008g, iron(ic) chloride 0.005g, calcium sulfate 0.1g, sal epsom 0.1, tap water 1000ml, pH=7.0-7.5, slant culture: 30 ℃ of temperature, cultivated 28 hours; Shake-flask culture: 30 ℃ of temperature, 200 rev/mins, 20 hours;
Bacillus circulans inclined-plane and shake-flask culture base are formed: sucrose 10g, and potassium primary phosphate 5g, yeast powder 0.5g, iron(ic) chloride 0.02g, lime carbonate 0.4g, sal epsom 0.2g, water 1000ml, pH=7.0, slant culture: 33.5 ℃ of temperature, cultivated 26 hours; Shake-flask culture: 35 ℃ of temperature, 220 rev/mins, 30 hours;
(2) seeding tank fermention medium and fermentation parameter
The A jar: ammonium sulfate 150g, glucose 650g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 20g, sodium-chlor 15g, Repone K 15g, sal epsom 56g, manganous sulfate 2.0g, ferrous sulfate 2.5 grams, water 70L, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, 200 rev/mins, 36 hours, ventilation volume was than 1: 1;
The B jar: soybean cake powder 350g, sucrose 350g, yeast powder 350g, ammonium sulfate 7.0g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 70g, sodium-chlor 7g, lime carbonate 7g, ferrous sulfate 0.7 gram, water 70L, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, 200 rev/mins, 36 hours, ventilation volume was than 1: 1;
(3) ferment tank substratum and parameter
Soybean cake powder 7000g, starch 22500g, yeast powder 140g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 200g, sodium-chlor 7g, water 700L, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, 180 rev/mins, 48 hours, ventilation volume was than 1: 1.
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