CN111149653A - Seedling raising substrate and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Seedling raising substrate and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111149653A CN111149653A CN201910673157.3A CN201910673157A CN111149653A CN 111149653 A CN111149653 A CN 111149653A CN 201910673157 A CN201910673157 A CN 201910673157A CN 111149653 A CN111149653 A CN 111149653A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising substrate which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 30% of moss or herbaceous peat, 40% of low-salt coconut coir, 10% of perlite, 10% of vermiculite and 10% of rice hull ash, wherein the concentration of the fertilizer is 1.2Kg/m of a low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure fertilizer obtained by carrying out high-speed rice seedling culture. According to the invention, the proper proportion is adjusted by adopting the low-salt coconut chaff, the raw ore moss or herbal peat, vermiculite, perlite and the like according to the characteristics of water retention and air permeability of the materials, and the stable void structure and adaptability are maintained, wherein the fiber and particle structure of the low-salt coconut chaff well slowly releases the porosity of the moss or herbal peat, so that the overall porosity of the product is more than 70%, seedlings cultivated by using the substrate have a net-shaped structure, the main root system is not obvious, but the fibrous root system is developed, the seedlings can quickly return green and delay after being transplanted, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved; the substrate seedling culture method does not pursue the situation that the leaves are large and the plants are tall any more, but changes the situation that the roots and the stems are firstly cultured and the foundation is solid, although the seedlings are shorter than the common technology by 2-5 centimeters and the leaves are smaller, the transplanted plants can be quickly and slowly cultured and can easily survive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling culture, in particular to a seedling culture substrate and a processing method thereof.
Background
In the seedling substrate products which are common in the market at present, the physical structure adopts pure moss or herbal peat (imported moss or herbal peat or domestic grass peat) to be mixed with perlite or vermiculite in a certain proportion, and the products have marked and stable proportions; some users purchase single raw materials and mix the raw materials according to the weather and the quantity of the materials; some low-end products are prepared by mixing perlite in a certain proportion after fermenting straws, vinasse, vinegar residue, sawdust and the like, and also by directly using pure low-salt coconut coir.
The seedling substrate product only pursues long-acting fertility on physicochemical properties, does not need additional fertilization in the later period, and the like, advocates convenient and automatic management, and focuses on water and fertilizer conservation but not on root growth, and only focuses on the effect of leaves on the overground part, so that the seedling has poor adaptability due to single material, has relative advantages aiming at specific climate or variety, and is easy to have high-foot seedlings or death when the environment changes; the matrix has poor structural stability, because most products use less domestic moss or herbal peat resources, the difference between batches is particularly large, and the performance stability is poor, because long-acting fertility is generally pursued to add organic fertilizers or long-acting fertilizers, the EC value of the product is unstable or too high.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the seedling raising substrate and the processing method thereof, which have the advantages of strong applicability and stable structural performance and solve the problem of low seedling raising efficiency caused by poor adaptability and structural stability of a common seedling raising substrate.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in volume fraction: 30% of moss or herbaceous peat, 40% of low-salt coconut coir, 10% of perlite, 10% of vermiculite and 10% of rice hull ash, wherein the concentration of the fertilizer is 1.2Kg/m of a low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure fertilizer obtained by carrying out high-speed rice seedling culture.
Preferably, the moss or peat is a sphagnum moss or peat moss derived from raw ore in europe.
Preferably, the low-salt coconut coir is Indian low-salt coconut coir, and the salt Ec value of the low-salt coconut coir is below 0.2.
Preferably, the rice husk ash is incompletely burned rice husk maintaining an intact grain shape.
Preferably, the fertilizer with the low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure is a full water-soluble fertilizer with a structure of 15-20-25+ TE (NPK).
The invention further provides a processing method of the seedling raising substrate, which comprises the following steps:
s1, material preparation: scattering moss or herbaceous peat from 6 cubic compressed structures packaged in raw ore; spraying water to the low-salt coconut coir compressed into blocks, and then soaking, foaming and scattering; perlite, vermiculite and rice hull ash are stacked on the edge of the main conveying belt;
s2, starting and feeding: after all the equipment is started, respectively shoveling moss or herbaceous peat and low-salt coco coir on corresponding buffer bins by using a forklift, then conveying the moss or herbaceous peat and the low-salt coco coir to a main feeding belt, and manually adding perlite, vermiculite and rice hull ash;
s3, stirring: after the raw materials on the main belt are added into the stirring pot, the fertilizer adding system automatically opens the spraying system, fertilizer with a low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure required by 1 pot of materials is sprayed according to the concentration of the fertilizer with the low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure in the formula ratio, and the materials are turned over up and down and uniformly stirred for 15 to 20 seconds;
s4, entering a buffer bin: after stirring is finished, the bin door is automatically opened and is conveyed to a larger buffer bin through a conveying belt for temporary storage;
s5, sieving: a conveying belt is arranged below the buffer bin and used for conveying the materials to an inclined inlet of the drum screen, and the drum screen screens out impurities which do not accord with the particle size at a certain rotating speed;
s6, subpackaging: the belt below the drum screen conveys the material to the packaging machine, and 4 cylinders with fixed volume are arranged in the packaging machine and are used for volume fixing according to a set program.
S7, bagging and bag sewing: 4 workers are arranged below the packaging machine for line production to carry out bagging and bag sewing work, and the sewn finished products automatically fall into a warehouse or are directly loaded on a truck through a conveying belt.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the proper proportion is adjusted by adopting the low-salt coconut chaff, the raw ore moss or herbal peat, vermiculite, perlite and the like according to the characteristics of water retention and air permeability of the materials, and the stable void structure and adaptability are maintained, wherein the porosity of the moss or herbal peat is well and slowly released by the fiber and particle structure of the low-salt coconut chaff, so that the overall porosity of the product is more than 70%, the seedling raising operation of vegetables, flowers and the like is facilitated, the seedling raising efficiency is improved, seedlings cultured by using the matrix have net-shaped root systems which are not obvious in main root systems, but have well developed fibrous root systems, can quickly return green and delay the seedlings after being transplanted, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved; the substrate seedling culture method does not pursue the situation that the leaves are large and the plants are tall any more, but changes the situation that the roots and the stems are firstly cultured and the foundation is solid, although the seedlings are shorter than the common technology by 2-5 centimeters and the leaves are smaller, the transplanted plants can be quickly and slowly cultured and can easily survive.
2. The seedling raising substrate can adapt to various extreme weathers, such as continuous overcast and rainy days, low-temperature short exposure and the like, and special high-foot seedlings cannot be generated due to the fact that temperature, humidity and the like cannot be controlled; the environment-friendly indoor air conditioner can adapt to various regional climates, namely changeable environments such as Hainan, Guangdong and Yunchuan, and dry environments such as Shandong and Ningxia; can also adapt to the management habits of various seedling raising technologies, is not afraid of the situation of retting roots or burning seedlings caused by large water and large fertilizer, does not pursue long-acting fertility any more, namely low-salt later-stage topdressing to achieve controllability, thereby not forming salt damage and burning seedlings,
3. according to the invention, through independent research and design of production process equipment, the accurate thousandth of proportioning of various raw materials is ensured, the proportioning of various raw materials is realized, the attributes of various materials are matched, the buffering property can be increased, and the batch physicochemical property is very stable.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a seedling raising substrate which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 30% of moss or herbal peat, wherein the moss or herbal peat is raw ore acidic moss or herbal peat with the particle size of 0-10mm, 40% of low-salt coconut husk, the coconut husk is low-salt coconut husk with the salt Ec value of below 0.2, 10% of perlite and 10% of vermiculite, the perlite and vermiculite are non-metallic ores, and after high-temperature expansion, the moss or herbal peat has certain porosity and water storage capacity, 10% of rice hull ash, and the rice hull ash is rice hull which keeps a complete grain shape and is not completely combusted, has the adsorption function of active carbon and belongs to alkaline substances, neutralizes and adjusts the acidity of the moss or herbal peat, keeps the pH value of the product to be proper, is a fertilizer with a low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure and a low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure, is a fully water-soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 15-20-25+ TE (NPK), and provides starting nutrients for seed germination and early growth, the NPK structure of the formula is also different from the common high-nitrogen structure in the market in view of physicochemical properties, low-nitrogen and high-phosphorus potassium are used as the guide, the salt Ec value is controlled to be about 0.8-1.2, the PH value is adjusted to be about 6.0-6.5, and the moisture is 20% -40%.
In order to be matched with the formula for use, the processing method of the seedling culture substrate comprises the following steps:
s1, material preparation: scattering moss or herbaceous peat from 6 cubic compressed structures packaged in raw ore; spraying water to the low-salt coconut coir compressed into blocks, and then soaking, foaming and scattering; perlite, vermiculite and rice hull ash are stacked on the edge of the main conveying belt;
s2, starting and feeding: after all the equipment is started, respectively shoveling moss or herbaceous peat and low-salt coconut chaff on corresponding buffer bins by using a forklift, converting the volume ratio into weight according to the total amount of materials in each pot according to a set program, accurately measuring the weight to a thousandth, transmitting the weight to a main feeding belt, and then manually adding quantitative perlite, vermiculite and rice hull ash;
s3, stirring: after the raw materials on the main belt are added into the stirring pot, the fertilizer adding system automatically opens the spraying system, fertilizer with a low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure required by 1 pot of materials is sprayed according to the concentration of the fertilizer with the low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure in the formula ratio, and the materials are turned over up and down and uniformly stirred for 15 to 20 seconds;
s4, entering a buffer bin: after stirring is finished, the bin door is automatically opened and is conveyed to a larger buffer bin through a conveying belt for temporary storage;
s5, sieving: a conveying belt is arranged below the buffer bin and used for conveying the materials to an inclined rotary screen inlet, and the rotary screen screens out impurities which do not accord with the particle size at a certain rotating speed and plays a role in mixing the materials again;
s6, subpackaging: the belt below the drum screen conveys the materials to the packaging machine, a 4-volume quantitative barrel is arranged in the packaging machine, the volume quantification is carried out according to a set program, and the materials are stirred into the barrel when falling, so that a certain stirring effect is generated, and the materials are mixed more uniformly.
S7, bagging and bag sewing: 4 workers are arranged below the packaging machine for line production to carry out bagging and bag sewing work, and the sewn finished products automatically fall into a warehouse or are directly loaded on a truck through a conveying belt.
In summary, the following steps: the seedling raising substrate and the processing method thereof adjust proper proportion and maintain stable void structure and adaptability by adopting low-salt coconut chaff, raw ore moss or herbal peat, vermiculite, perlite and the like according to the characteristics of water retention and air permeability of the materials, wherein the fiber and particle structure of the low-salt coconut chaff well slowly releases the porosity of the moss or herbal peat, so that the overall porosity of the product is over 70 percent, the seedling raising operation of vegetables, flowers and the like is facilitated, the seedling raising efficiency is improved, seedlings cultured by using the substrate have a net-shaped root system, the main root system is not obvious, but the fibrous root system is developed, the seedlings can quickly turn green and delay after being transplanted, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved; the substrate seedling culture method does not pursue the situation that the leaves are large and the plants are tall any more, but changes the situation that the roots and the stems are firstly cultured and the foundation is solid, although the seedlings are shorter than the common technology by 2-5 centimeters and the leaves are smaller, the transplanted plants can be quickly and slowly cultured and can easily survive.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A seedling raising substrate is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in volume fraction: 30% of moss or herbaceous peat, 40% of low-salt coconut coir, 10% of perlite, 10% of vermiculite and 10% of rice hull ash, wherein the concentration of the fertilizer is 1.2Kg/m of a low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure fertilizer obtained by carrying out high-speed rice seedling culture.
2. A seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the moss or herbal peat is raw ore acidic moss or herbal peat.
3. A seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coconut coir is low-salt coconut coir, and the salt Ec value of the low-salt coconut coir is below 0.2.
4. A seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rice husk ash is incompletely burned rice husk maintaining the shape of intact grains.
5. A seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilizer with the low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure is a full water-soluble fertilizer with the structure of 15-20-25+ TE (NPK).
6. The processing method of the seedling substrate is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, material preparation: scattering moss or herbaceous peat from 6 cubic compressed structures packaged in raw ore; spraying water to the low-salt coconut coir compressed into blocks, and then soaking, foaming and scattering; stacking perlite, vermiculite and rice hull ash on the edge of a main conveying belt; s2, starting and feeding: after all the equipment is started, respectively shoveling moss or herbal peat and coir on corresponding buffer bins by a forklift, then conveying the moss or herbal peat and coir to a main feeding belt, and manually adding perlite, vermiculite and rice hull ash; s3, stirring: after the raw materials on the main belt are added into the stirring pot, the fertilizer adding system automatically opens the spraying system, fertilizer with a low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure required by 1 pot of materials is sprayed according to the concentration of the fertilizer with a low-nitrogen, medium-phosphorus and high-potassium structure in the formula ratio, and the materials are turned over up and down and uniformly stirred for 15 to 20 seconds; s4, entering a buffer bin: after stirring is finished, the bin door is automatically opened and is conveyed to a larger buffer bin through a conveying belt for temporary storage; s5, sieving: a conveying belt is arranged below the buffer bin and used for conveying the materials to an inclined inlet of the drum screen, and the drum screen screens out impurities which do not accord with the particle size at a certain rotating speed; s6, subpackaging: the belt below the drum screen conveys the materials to the upper surface of a packaging machine, 4 cylinders with quantitative volume are arranged in the packaging machine, and the volume is quantified according to a set program; s7, bagging and bag sewing: 4 workers are arranged below the packaging machine for line production to carry out bagging and bag sewing work, and the sewn finished products automatically fall into a warehouse or are directly loaded on a truck through a conveying belt.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910673157.3A CN111149653A (en) | 2019-07-24 | 2019-07-24 | Seedling raising substrate and processing method thereof |
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| CN201910673157.3A CN111149653A (en) | 2019-07-24 | 2019-07-24 | Seedling raising substrate and processing method thereof |
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| CN111149653A true CN111149653A (en) | 2020-05-15 |
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| CN201910673157.3A Pending CN111149653A (en) | 2019-07-24 | 2019-07-24 | Seedling raising substrate and processing method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN111887125A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-11-06 | 湖南省湘晖农业技术开发有限公司 | Seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN112042502A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-08 | 众耕(厦门)农业科技有限公司 | Universal vegetable seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN113508740A (en) * | 2021-08-14 | 2021-10-19 | 厦门鑫古古园艺有限公司 | Flower cultivation medium and flower cultivation method |
| CN113875551A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-04 | 肇庆市辰兴农业有限公司 | Nutrient flower soil formula for plant cultivation and preparation method |
| CN113906978A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-01-11 | 广州市生升农业股份有限公司 | Garden engineering overbridge matrix formula and processing method thereof |
| CN114051907A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-18 | 广州市生升农业股份有限公司 | Formula and processing method of potted actinomycete flower substrate |
| CN114051905A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-18 | 广州市生升农业股份有限公司 | Potted pachira macrocarpa matrix formula and processing method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111887125A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-11-06 | 湖南省湘晖农业技术开发有限公司 | Seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN113875551A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-04 | 肇庆市辰兴农业有限公司 | Nutrient flower soil formula for plant cultivation and preparation method |
| CN112042502A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-08 | 众耕(厦门)农业科技有限公司 | Universal vegetable seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN113508740A (en) * | 2021-08-14 | 2021-10-19 | 厦门鑫古古园艺有限公司 | Flower cultivation medium and flower cultivation method |
| CN113906978A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-01-11 | 广州市生升农业股份有限公司 | Garden engineering overbridge matrix formula and processing method thereof |
| CN114051907A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-18 | 广州市生升农业股份有限公司 | Formula and processing method of potted actinomycete flower substrate |
| CN114051905A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-18 | 广州市生升农业股份有限公司 | Potted pachira macrocarpa matrix formula and processing method thereof |
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Address after: 510000 5 / 2, Yuhai Road, Haibei, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Applicant after: Guangzhou Shengsheng Agriculture Co.,Ltd. Address before: 510000 5 / 2, Yuhai Road, Haibei, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Applicant before: Guangzhou Shengsheng Agriculture Co.,Ltd. |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20200515 |