CN112119866A - Preparation method and application of light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN112119866A CN112119866A CN202011017156.2A CN202011017156A CN112119866A CN 112119866 A CN112119866 A CN 112119866A CN 202011017156 A CN202011017156 A CN 202011017156A CN 112119866 A CN112119866 A CN 112119866A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix, which comprises the following steps: mixing livestock and poultry manure, fly ash, pine needles, straw powder, sawmilling powder, egg shell powder and sodium bicarbonate with water and zymocyte to prepare a deposit; performing stacking and covering fermentation, turning over fertilizer when the temperature in the stack rises to 50-60 ℃, adding a certain amount of volcanic rock, activated carbon powder and vermiculite after fermenting and turning over the fertilizer for 2-5 times, mixing, performing stacking and covering fermentation again, turning over the fertilizer when the temperature in the stack rises to 50-60 ℃, and repeating the fermentation and turning over the fertilizer until the temperature in the stack is maintained below 40 ℃; then drying and crushing the mixture, adding a certain amount of peat soil, perlite, ceramsite, slow release fertilizer, polyacrylamide, growth regulator, bacteriostatic agent and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, and uniformly mixing to prepare the matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix.
Background
The three-dimensional greening is to plant green plants in a three-dimensional space above the ground, for example, roof roofs, wall surfaces, balconies, overpasses, overpass guardrails and the like are greened, so that additional land resources are hardly occupied, the urban ecological environment can be improved, and the urban landscape is enriched. Based on different application scenes of three-dimensional greening, the requirements on the culture medium are different, certain nutrients are required, and the cultivation medium has the advantages of light weight, good air permeability, good water and fertilizer retention and the like.
The existing substrate used for three-dimensional greening is difficult to take the characteristics into consideration, or has the defect of high specific gravity, the load of building facilities is increased, or the soil physical and chemical properties are poor, nutrients required by long-term growth of green plants cannot be provided, and the maintenance cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a preparation method of the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix, and the prepared matrix has the advantages of light weight, good air permeability, good long-term water and fertilizer retention and the like, and is particularly suitable for being applied to the field of three-dimensional greening.
The invention also provides application of the matrix prepared by the preparation method.
The preparation method of the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention comprises the following steps:
mixing livestock and poultry manure 10-20 parts by weight, fly ash 4-10 parts by weight, pine needle 1-3 parts by weight, straw powder 2-5 parts by weight, sawmilling powder 2-8 parts by weight, egg shell powder 5-10 parts by weight and sodium bicarbonate 0.02-0.1 part by weight with water and zymophyte to prepare a deposit;
performing stacking and covering fermentation, turning over fertilizer when the temperature in the stack rises to 50-60 ℃, adding 8-12 parts by weight of volcanic rock, 5-8 parts by weight of activated carbon powder and 8-12 parts by weight of vermiculite after fermenting and turning over fertilizer for 2-5 times, mixing, performing stacking and covering fermentation again, turning over fertilizer when the temperature in the stack rises to 50-60 ℃, and repeating fermentation and turning over fertilizer until the temperature in the stack is maintained below 40 ℃;
drying and crushing the fermented materials, adding 5-10 parts by weight of peat soil, 10-15 parts by weight of perlite, 5-10 parts by weight of ceramsite, 3-8 parts by weight of slow release fertilizer, 2-5 parts by weight of polyacrylamide, 0.5-1 part by weight of growth regulator, 0.5-2 parts by weight of bacteriostatic agent and 0.5-2 parts by weight of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, and uniformly mixing to obtain the matrix.
In the first stacking and covering fermentation process, the livestock and poultry manure, the fly ash, the pine needles, the straw powder, the sawdust and the egg shell powder provide various nutrients such as organic matters, mineral substances and the like for thallus fermentation, and the fly ash can improve the photosynthesis of plants and the capability of preventing diseases and insect pests. The fertilizer after fermentation is more easily absorbed by plants, and the microbial metabolite has the effect of promoting the growth of the plants. The sodium bicarbonate decomposes when the temperature in the pile rises, plays a role in pore forming, is matched with the pine needles, the straw powder and the saw dust with different filling power and support performance, can obtain loose-piled fermented materials, is beneficial to the fermentation process, and improves the air permeability. Porous volcanic rock, activated carbon powder and vermiculite are added subsequently for secondary fermentation, and the volcanic rock, the activated carbon powder, the vermiculite, the eggshell powder and the like have rich pore structures, so that the attachment, the growth and the propagation of microorganisms are facilitated, the colony count of the microorganisms is conveniently increased, and the microorganisms are uniformly distributed in a matrix in the later use process.
The polyacrylamide has the function of water retention, and the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether improves the uniformity of the fertilizer, thereby further reducing the volatilization of water. The growth regulator is used for regulating plant growth, increasing root system activity, promoting rooting and improving leaf function. The bacteriostatic agent can improve soil and improve the disease resistance of plants.
The matrix prepared by the method has the advantages of light weight, good air permeability, good water and fertilizer retention, difficult hardening of soil, high fertilizer utilization rate, and capabilities of improving main nutrients required by long-term growth of plants, regulating the growth of the plants, improving the disease resistance of the plants and promoting the growth and development of the plants.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the livestock manure may be at least one of chicken manure, cow manure, and pig manure, and exemplified by chicken manure.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the added water amount in the heap is 50-60 wt%, and a proper amount of water can be supplemented after the fertilizer is turned over. The drying mode can be drying or air drying, and the drying temperature is preferably controlled below 60 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fermentation bacteria comprise at least one of actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, azotobacter and lactic acid bacteria. Particularly, the compound bacteria are matched, so that organic matters in the fertilizer and soil can be better decomposed, the absorption of plants to nutrient components is promoted, the soil activity is improved, pathogenic bacteria and spores thereof can be dissolved to a certain degree, and the disease resistance of crops is enhanced. The compounding proportion of the strains has no special requirements, and other types of strains can be matched.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the growth regulator is compounded by gibberellin and potassium indolebutyrate, so that the growth of the plant can be better regulated, and potassium element required by the growth of the plant can be provided. The weight ratio of gibberellin to potassium indolebutyrate is 1: 20-40.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the bacteriostatic agent is prepared by compounding copper sulfate and copper rosinate, has a good inhibitory effect on bacteria and fungi, and can provide copper element. The weight ratio of copper sulfate to copper rosinate is exemplified by 1: 2-5.
According to the application of the second aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the substrate prepared by the preparation method is particularly suitable for three-dimensional greening.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be given with reference to the embodiments and the test data.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the fermentation bacteria are composite bacteria compounded in proportion of actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, azotobacter, lactic acid bacteria and the like; the slow release fertilizer is a resin coated slow release fertilizer, is purchased from Dewo and has a total nutrient mass fraction of more than 40 percent; the growth regulator is gibberellin and potassium indolebutyrate in a weight ratio of 1: 29, the bacteriostatic agent is copper sulfate and copper rosinate which are matched according to the weight ratio of 1:2, and the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is AEO-3. The rest raw materials are conventional raw materials.
Example 1
Taking 10 parts of chicken manure, 5 parts of fly ash, 2 parts of pine needle, 4 parts of straw powder, 8 parts of saw dust powder, 10 parts of egg shell powder and 0.1 part of sodium bicarbonate, adding water and mixing with zymocyte to prepare accumulation, wherein the viable count is not less than 10 in terms of solid parts8(ii)/g, the amount of water added to the accumulated material is 55 wt%;
performing stacking and covering fermentation, turning over fertilizer when the temperature in the stack rises to 50 ℃, adding 10 parts of volcanic rock, 5 parts of activated carbon powder and 10 parts of vermiculite after fermenting and turning over fertilizer for 3 times, mixing, performing stacking and covering fermentation again, turning over fertilizer when the temperature in the stack rises to 50 ℃, repeating fermentation and turning over fertilizer until the temperature in the stack is maintained below 35 ℃, drying at 50 ℃, and crushing; after each fertilizer turning, appropriate amount of water is supplemented according to water consumption conditions, and the viscosity of the accumulated materials is kept basically consistent;
adding 6 parts of peat soil, 15 parts of perlite, 8 parts of ceramsite, 5 parts of slow release fertilizer, 4 parts of polyacrylamide, 1 part of growth regulator, 1 part of bacteriostatic agent and 1.5 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether into the dried and crushed materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain the matrix. Wherein, the contents of the components are calculated according to the parts by weight.
Example 2
Taking 15 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of fly ash, 3 parts of pine needle, 4 parts of straw powder, 8 parts of saw dust powder, 8 parts of egg shell powder and 0.1 part of sodium bicarbonate, adding water and mixing with zymocyte to prepare accumulation, wherein the viable count is not less than 10 in terms of solid parts8(ii)/g, the amount of water added to the accumulated material is 60 wt%;
performing stacking and covering fermentation, turning over fertilizer when the temperature in the stack rises to 50 ℃, adding 12 parts of volcanic rock, 8 parts of activated carbon powder and 11 parts of vermiculite after fermenting and turning over fertilizer for 3 times, mixing, performing stacking and covering fermentation again, turning over fertilizer when the temperature in the stack rises to 50 ℃, repeating fermentation and turning over fertilizer until the temperature in the stack is maintained below 35 ℃, drying at 50 ℃, and crushing; after each fertilizer turning, appropriate amount of water is supplemented according to water consumption conditions, and the viscosity of the accumulated materials is kept basically consistent;
adding 8 parts of peat soil, 15 parts of perlite, 10 parts of ceramsite, 5 parts of slow release fertilizer, 3 parts of polyacrylamide, 1 part of growth regulator, 1 part of bacteriostatic agent and 1 part of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether into the dried and crushed materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain the matrix.
Wherein, the contents of the components are calculated according to the parts by weight.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 1, the straw powder is 14 parts, does not contain pine needle, saw dust, eggshell powder and sodium bicarbonate, and does not contain fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
Test example
The substrates of examples and comparative examples were dried and tested for dry specific gravity, and examples 1 to 2 were 0.65g/cm3On the other hand, comparative example 1 does not contain ground eggshell, but the dry bulk density is comparable to example 1.
And (3) selecting the chlorophytum comosum seedlings with the similar growth conditions, synchronously planting the chlorophytum comosum seedlings in the matrixes of each embodiment and the comparative example, respectively planting 5 chlorophytum comosum in each matrix sample, and watering once every 10 days. The plant height was measured after the 6 th watering and the growth was recorded. The results are shown in Table 1. Therefore, the medium of the embodiment has better growth condition of the chlorophytum comosum, does not need frequent watering and fertilizing, has light weight, and is suitable for three-dimensional greening.
TABLE 1
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to the related technical field are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing livestock and poultry manure 10-20 parts by weight, fly ash 4-10 parts by weight, pine needle 1-3 parts by weight, straw powder 2-5 parts by weight, sawmilling powder 2-8 parts by weight, egg shell powder 5-10 parts by weight and sodium bicarbonate 0.02-0.1 part by weight with water and zymophyte to prepare a deposit;
performing stacking and covering fermentation, turning over fertilizer when the temperature in the stack rises to 50-60 ℃, adding 8-12 parts by weight of volcanic rock, 5-8 parts by weight of activated carbon powder and 8-12 parts by weight of vermiculite after fermenting and turning over fertilizer for 2-5 times, mixing, performing stacking and covering fermentation again, turning over fertilizer when the temperature in the stack rises to 50-60 ℃, and repeating fermentation and turning over fertilizer until the temperature in the stack is maintained below 40 ℃;
drying and crushing the fermented materials, adding 5-10 parts by weight of peat soil, 10-15 parts by weight of perlite, 5-10 parts by weight of ceramsite, 3-8 parts by weight of slow release fertilizer, 2-5 parts by weight of polyacrylamide, 0.5-1 part by weight of growth regulator, 0.5-2 parts by weight of bacteriostatic agent and 0.5-2 parts by weight of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, and uniformly mixing to obtain the matrix.
2. The method for preparing the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water is added to the accumulated material in an amount of 50-60 wt%.
3. The preparation method of the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation bacteria comprise at least one of actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria.
4. The preparation method of the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein the livestock manure is at least one of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure.
5. The preparation method of the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix according to claim 1, wherein the growth regulator is compounded by gibberellin and potassium indolebutyrate.
6. The preparation method of the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix as claimed in claim 5, wherein the weight ratio of gibberellin to potassium indolebutyrate is 1: 20-40.
7. The preparation method of the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bacteriostatic agent is prepared by compounding copper sulfate and copper rosinate.
8. The method for preparing the light three-dimensional greening water-retaining substrate as claimed in claim 7, wherein the weight ratio of copper sulfate to copper abietate is 1: 2-5.
9. Use of a substrate prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for three-dimensional greening.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113785754A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-14 | 广东百林生态科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113785754A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-14 | 广东百林生态科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of light three-dimensional greening water-retaining matrix |
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Application publication date: 20201225 |