CN105900808A - Environment-friendly light porous simulated soil cultivation medium body and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly light porous simulated soil cultivation medium body and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105900808A CN105900808A CN201610258738.7A CN201610258738A CN105900808A CN 105900808 A CN105900808 A CN 105900808A CN 201610258738 A CN201610258738 A CN 201610258738A CN 105900808 A CN105900808 A CN 105900808A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly light porous simulated soil cultivation medium body and a preparation method thereof. The cultivation medium body is of a continuous integrated porous simulated soil sponge structure and is prepared from 1-10 parts by weight of polyurethane binding body, 1-50 parts by weight of filler, 0.01-50 parts by weight of auxiliary material and 0-5 parts by weight of embedded functional matter. The filler is at least one of organic filler, inorganic filler and organic and inorganic composite filler. The auxiliary material is a mixture of at least two of a surface active agent, a catalyst, a chain extender, a fire retardant and a foaming agent. The embedded functional matter is at least one of plant seeds, a rooting agent, a soil sanitizer, a straw fermenting agent, potash fertilizer, phosphatic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and compound fertilizer. The prepared simulated soil cultivation medium body is low in weight, high in aperture ratio, good in hydrophilia and water retention performance and excellent in mechanical property, and can be applied to the fields of vertical greening, roof greening, urban landscaping, indoor greening, intelligent greening, slope restoration, gardens and horticulture, ecological remediation, ecological management, soilless culture and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cultivation media technical field, be specifically related to the porous imitative soil cultivation base of a kind of Convenient environmental-protective
Plastid and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Solid matrix can be divided into organic substrate (natural such as sawdust, bark, nonwoven fabric, stalk fibre nonwoven fabric etc.), nothing
Machine substrate is (granular such as haydite;Cystose such as slag;Fibrous such as rock wool, sponge;Other are such as silica gel), formula
A substrate (inorganic inorganic type such as haydite+perlite;An organic organic type such as peat+flower bulb;An inorganic organic type such as peat+treasure
Zhu Yan) (Xie little Yu, Zou Zhirong. Research Advances of Substrates in soil-less. China's agronomy circular, 2005,21:280-
283).Inorganic matrix is substantially free of nutrient substance, does not has biological activity, substantially can meet the need of irreducible water needed for plant strain growth
Want, cultivation is made holder or regulation matrix porosity unit weight etc. more and uses.Western countries produce on use some
Work substrate mostly also is inorganic matrix, such as granulated gel, rubber etc., is mainly used as the holder of plant growing.The Ge Luodan of Denmark
(grodan) block rock wool, in Europe utilization rate higher (Lin Xi. the new lover in rock wool soilless culture substrate. rural area practicality work
Journey technology, 2003, (9): 24-25).
Organic substrate contains abundant nutritional labeling, has stronger buffer capacity and higher retention ability, is commonly used for educating
The main matrix of Seedling, has had an advantage in that agglomeration or granulation, keeps the loose of mixture, the appearance of stabilized mixture
Weight.
Current domestic substrate is mostly granule or powdery, stores, transports and use all inconvenient, and research mostly concentrates on each
The comparison of quasi-tradition substrate and formula select upper (the shy moral of Wang, Wang Fangtao. the matrix Selection experiment of Protected Production of Vegetables and should
With. Shanghai Agricultural journal, 2001, (4): 60-64).Such as Publication No. CN105010112A by leaf of Moringa through chopping, fermentation, corruption
After ripe process, compound with the peat composed of rotten mosses or porous materials by volume part, add a certain amount of rare earth element, after mix homogeneously
Make soilless culture substrate；If Publication No. CN104860772A is based on haydite, haydite immerses nutrient substance, complexation
Material and coated slow release material obtain the haydite flower nutrition cultivation matrix of flower growth phase adequate nutrients；Publication No.
CN104177170A will become thoroughly decomposed after substrate quality inspection, the qualified matrix powder of quality inspection is broken into fine particle and manufactures substrate slurry, by base
Chylema is poured on matrix and is dried and obtains block soilless culture substrate.Though small part patent has continuously reporting for work of one substrate,
As in Publication No. CN105325269A with foam cement as matrix, fill the porous inorganic thing such as perlite and prepare hard cultivation
Matrix body, but have that intensity is big, porosity is low, water conservation water absorbent rate is not enough, need to coordinate the problems such as nutritional solution use, it is impossible to very well
Solve the relation between water, gas and the nutrient substance three needed for plant growing.Publication No. CN102639619A is with polylactic acid
Resinoid is that the resin combination of main constituent is formed, and is formed powder body by the foaming body of filler and resin combination is size-reduced, passes through
The porous wall that the fragment of powder body is bonded with each other defines the continuous air bubbles structure of described porous body, and this patent then exists resin
Consumption is big, pulverize, be dried, the process energy consumption such as dispersion high, selectable filling kind such as lacks at the shortcoming.
How to develop that a kind of physicochemical property is stable, draw materials conveniently, cheap, be one by rear tractable mould substrate of planting
Critically important research direction (Li Xia, China of Lu Kingdom. present Research, existing problems and the development trend of substrate exploitation, 2005,11
(7): 28-29).Peat is the most non-renewable a kind of resource, and storage is the most limited, it is impossible to unrestrictedly exploit,
Reduce as far as possible peat consumption or find peat succedaneum be select at present substrate a focus (Su Ping. soilless culture substrate
Progress. China Forest by-product and speciality, 2010, (6): 97-99).
Along with the development of world's horticulture with container for plants cultivation, the physics of natural soil, chemical property can not meet
The demand that vegetable, flowers, seedling and other container for plants produce, the therefore research institution of countries in the world, early have been working on planting
The research and development of training substrate.Since last century the seventies, base Quality Research progressively becomes an important problem.Without soil
Cultivation, in states such as the U.S., Japan, Holland, Denmark, Britain, France, Italy, has been widely used in production, and other countries are also
There is development prospect in various degree.
Summary of the invention
For solve above-mentioned present in problem and defect, the invention provides the porous imitative soil cultivation base of a kind of Convenient environmental-protective
Plastid and preparation method thereof, cultivation matrix body weight is light, percent opening is high, hydrophilic water retention property is good, mechanical property for the imitative soil prepared
Good, can apply to vertical planting, roof greening, indoor greening, intelligence greening, side slope reparation, gardens gardening, restoration of the ecosystem,
The field such as ecological management, soilless culture.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The porous of a kind of Convenient environmental-protective imitative soil cultivation base plastid, described cultivation base plastid is the porous imitative soil sponge knot of one continuously
Structure, including viscoelastic polyurethane knot body 1 ~ 10 weight portion, filler 1 ~ 50 weight portion, small powder 0.01 ~ 50 weight portion, pre-buried functional materials
0 ~ 5 weight portion；Described filler is at least one in organic filler, inorganic filler or organo-mineral complexing filler；Described small powder
For the mixture of at least two in surfactant, catalyst, chain extender, fire retardant and foaming agent.Described pre-buried functional thing
Matter is at least in plant seed, root-growing agent, soil sterilants, stover ferment agent, potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer or compound fertilizer
Kind.
Organic filler in described filler includes the synthesis of organic substance such as melmac, Lauxite, non-woven fabrics, also wraps
Include straw, branch, bark, weeds, fallen leaves, fruit shell, corn cob, reed, sawdust, coconut palm bran, bagasse, mushroom slag, animal dung
Just wait agriculture waste Organic substance, also include peat, activated carbon, the municipal solid wastes of compost, mud, humic acid, humic acid
The fertilizers such as salt.Inorganic filler in described filler include kieselguhr, loess, earth, bentonite, Kaolin, Vermiculitum, potter's clay,
Perlite, baked wheaten cake rock, rock wool etc..
Described surfactant includes that polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene hydrocarbyl ether block copolymer, the trade mark are the silicone of DABCO
Class, arlacels, aliphatic alcohols, alkylolamides class, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene class, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether
At least one in the surfactants such as class, alkyl polyglucoside class, quaternary ammonium salt, hyperbranched quaternary ammonium salt class.
Described catalyst is A-1 catalyst (double dimethylaminoethyl ethers of 70% and 30% dipropylene glycol), Sanya second
Base diamidogen, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethyl cyclohexyl amine, N-methyl
At least one in coffee quinoline, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, formic acid, hexamethylenetetramine, ammonium chloride.
Described chain extender is one or more in trimethylolpropane, 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, glycerol.
Described fire retardant is stibium oxide, hydrated alumina, Firebrake ZB, barium metaborate, pentabromo-ethylbenzene, bromo diphenyl ether, phosphorus
At least one in dimethyl phthalate, chlorinated paraffin；Described foaming agent is water.
Described porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid is open-celled structure, and porosity is more than 75%, average pore size 10 ~ 1000 μm, dry holds
Weigh 0.1 ~ 0.4g/cm3, saturated water absorbent rate is more than 300%, and water-holding porosity is more than 50%, and air-vent porosity is more than 15%, pH value
5.5 ~ 7.5, electrical conductivity EC value 1.0 ~ 2.5ms/cm, C/N value is less than 40.
Described porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid can be injection molded as variously-shaped, also by in-situ spraying or nature by mould
Sialorrhea at the position of required construction, be widely used in vertical planting, roof greening, wall greening, urban afforestation, indoor greening,
The fields such as intelligence greening, side slope reparation, gardens gardening, restoration of the ecosystem, ecological management, soilless culture.
The preparation method of the porous of described a kind of Convenient environmental-protective imitative soil cultivation base plastid, specifically includes:
1) preparation of viscoelastic polyurethane knot body: the polyether polyol of 1 ~ 10 part being added in reactor, under high temperature, vacuum dehydration 1 ~ 2 is little
Time；It is cooled to less than 60 DEG C, adds 1 ~ 7 part of TDI(Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, 4-diisocyanate) or MDI(diphenylmethane diisocyanate
Ester), slowly heat up and continue reaction 1.5 ~ 3 hours, obtain performed polymer；
2) in 1 ~ 50 part of water, the filler of 1 ~ 50 part of size-reduced mixing, 0.01 ~ 50 part of small powder, 0 ~ 5 part of pre-buried functional thing are added
Matter, after being sufficiently stirred for, mixing, disperse, adds the above-mentioned performed polymer of 1 ~ 10 part, quickly pours in mould after stirring mixing, or logical
The mode such as spraying, natural sialorrhea of crossing is attached to need the position of construction, and foamed, molding, ripening obtain porous imitative soil cultivation matrix.
Use full water foamed molding, react release carbon dioxide by the isocyano in prepolymer and water and reach the mesh that foams
, whipping process can introduce a certain amount of air, auxiliary foaming effect can be played.
Described viscoelastic polyurethane knot body is prepared by two step method reaction, is i.e. first reacted preparation by polyether polyol with TDI or MDI
Performed polymer, isocyano-content 1% to 15% in performed polymer, preferably 3%-9%.It is anti-that the performed polymer prepared can be directly entered next step
Should, it is possible to the most modified with melmac or Lauxite, described melmac, Lauxite can be water
Solution, it is also possible to be powder, adds in reaction system with form of bio-carrier, and melmac and Lauxite are used to poly-
Urethane is modified, and addition selects according to actual needs, melmac, Lauxite addition scope can be very
Greatly can also be the least, generally 0 ~ 5 times of polyurethane prepolymer body weight.When addition is less, cohesive body with polyurethane foam is
Main or be all, other is auxiliary as modification.When addition is bigger, cohesive body with Lauxite or melamine foamed plastic is then
Main, polyurethane is auxiliary.
Described polyether polyol includes that two functional groups or trifunctional, at least one between 800-5000 of molecular weight are gathered
Ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol, and the EO content of every kind of polyether polyol is all between 20%-90%, such as, can be Plant of Tianjin Petrochemical Company three factory
The models such as 505S, 335B, 551C.
The present invention utilizes industrial or agricultural SOLID ORGANIC, inorganic waste, produces standardization, scale, work by state modulator
The matrix structure of factory, realizes recycling of resource to greatest extent, meets sustainable development idea.Product is for being connected
Cellular imitate soil matrix matter, do not fall dust granules, free from extraneous odour, ooze out without sewage, can microorganism natural degradation, belong to cleaning, ring
Protect product.And, base material lightweight by it forms and can require be adjusted according to Different Crop, can be made into variously-shaped and permissible
Carry out the advantage that mass and standardized production etc. are unique, in vertical planting, gardens gardening, soilless culture, ecological engineering, ecology
The engineering fields such as the greening in repairing and treating, desert afforestation, saline and alkaline improvement, beach reparation and each special ecological environment place have extensively
General application prospect, the short slab effectively solving the recycling waste in domestic above field and traditional plant growth substrate is asked
Topic.
Beneficial effect:
By the full water foamed Technology of high-moisture, with water as foaming agent, under normal temperature and pressure, get final product foaming, technique letter
Clean, energy-conserving and environment-protective.Can on a large scale qualitative in amplitude, introduce all kinds of organic and inorganic material quantitatively, the specific surface area of material,
The functions such as water retention, gas holdup, C/N ratio, absorbability, ion-exchange capacity, ion slow-release function all can effectively set
Fixed.Thus different plant and the different greening occasion needs such as vertical planting, horticultural gardening can be met.Can be according to special applications ring
Border, produces mechanics and the strongest product of the materialization suitability by adjusting proportioning, as pre-buried slow in high resilience, high abrasion, high nutrition
The product such as release.The porous imitative soil cultivation matrix being applicable to site operation can be produced, fill up molding by high-pressure injection or sialorrhea, full
The various field construction job requirements of foot, can be widely applied to desert afforestation, saline and alkaline improvement, beach reparation, paving sports field, height
The fields such as the Greenland Application in golf ball field and each special ecological environment place.
The porous of Convenient environmental-protective imitative soil cultivation base plastid has the plant root adaptability of excellence.Because of its continuous three-dimensional open pores
Structure, can effectively solve moisture, nutrient and the coordination supply problem of air, meet plant growing needs.Dry density 0.1 ~ 0.4
g/cm3, light and handy but dust will not be had as soil and disperse.Volume to weight ratio is not less than 300%, presents the bullet of imitative soil after water suction
Gonosome structure, keeps good mechanical property, can on horizontal vertical or curved surface room planting design.Product does not has abnormal flavour, and this
Body will not produce disease pest and weed, is substantially reduced pest and disease risk, it is adaptable to office household is beautified, landscape planting etc., can be greatly prolonged
Pouring maintenance period, even if running into vacation or going on business for a long time and nor affect on plant normal growth.Pre-buried foot in cultivation base plastid
Enough organic fertilizers and inorganic slow-release material, absorb water uniform and stable, not by region, has a power failure, cuts off the water, save the factor such as false and restrict, pole
Big reduction manages maintenance cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Polyether polyol in following example includes that two functional groups or trifunctional, molecular weight are between 800-5000
At least one polyether polyol, and the EO content of every kind of polyether polyol is all between 20%-90%.Can be such as Tianjin
The 505S of petrochemical industry three factory, the model such as 335B, 551C, TEP450, EPA222.
Embodiment 1
EO content is 80%, mean molecule quantity be respectively 800 and 4800 each 5 parts of additions of two functional group's polyether polyol close
Close in reactor, vacuum dehydration 2 hours at 100-120 DEG C；Above polyether polyol is cooled to 50 DEG C, adds 2.6 parts of TDI,
It is warming up to 80 DEG C in 40 minutes react 1.5 hours, obtains required performed polymer；In performed polymer, isocyano-content is 6.8% ~ 8.5%.
3 parts of loess, 10 parts of peat soils, 2 parts of crushed stalk mixing are calculated as filler A material;20 parts of water, 0.5 alkyl polyglucoside, 8
Part melamine formaldehyde resin high-speed stirred mixing is calculated as small powder B material；0.1 part of soil sterilants, 0.5 part of formic acid, 5 parts of grass seeds
Son is calculated as pre-buried functional materials C material, with water A is expected, C expect mix homogeneously, adds in B material after being sufficiently stirred for, mixing, addition 8
Part above-mentioned performed polymer, be quickly sprayed on after mixing in the flattened and side slope of consolidation process, normal temperature and pressure foams 5-15 times, certainly
So ripening reached mechanical property optimum state after 24 hours, i.e. obtained the described porous containing grass seed imitative soil cultivation base plastid.
This matrix body has good mechanical property and water suction, water retention property.Can effectively prevent rain drop erosion from making in greening side slope
The problems such as the soil erosion become and seed skewness.Suitable consolidation process is carried out, then by this enforcement after Slope leveling
Described in example, method construction, can realize greening side slope technique fast and simpleization, and can significantly extend artificial curing cycle.Described substrate
Record dry weight 0.15 ~ 0.25g/cm after drying3 , saturated water absorbent rate be more than 300%, porosity be more than 75%, pH value 6.0 ~ 7.2,
C/N value is less than 40.
Embodiment 2
By the required performed polymer of embodiment 1 method preparation；
In 20 parts of water, add 1 part of chicken manure soil of the most size-reduced process, 2 parts of kieselguhr, 10 parts of bagasses, 0.5 part of humic acid, mixed
Conjunction uniformly obtains filler and is calculated as A material；10 parts of water, 0.1 part of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 0.1 part of fatty alcohol, 1 part of triethanolamine mix
Conjunction obtains small powder and is calculated as B material；0.1 part of root-growing agent is calculated as pre-buried functional materials C material.Expected by A, B material, C material are sufficiently stirred for, mix
After splitting or integrating dissipates, add 6 parts of performed polymers, quickly pour in flowerpot shape mould of plastics after stirring, natural foaming 3 ~ 8 times in 20 minutes,
Described porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid is obtained after placing ripening in 24 hours.Described substrate records dry weight 0.21 ~ 0.32g/ after drying
cm3 , saturated water absorbent rate is more than 300%, and porosity is more than 75%, pH value 6.5 ~ 7.5, C/N value less than 40, specific surface area reaches 40 ~
50/g, electrical conductivity EC value is between 1.0 ~ 2.5ms/cm.Described matrix body presents excellent mechanical performances and large specific surface area, tool
There are preferably absorption and ion slow-release capability.Have free from extraneous odour, lightweight, dry linting dirt, water-retaining property be strong, water absorbent rate simultaneously
The features such as high, noxious substance amount is big, can be used for all kinds of plantations under the drought environment of field, afforest, cultivation substrate, also use
In indoor and outdoor all kinds of soiless and three-dimensional afforesting matrix.
Embodiment 3
Base polyurethane prepolymer for use as is prepared by embodiment 1 method；
In 20 parts of water, add 1 part of chicken manure soil of the most size-reduced process, 2 parts of sheep stool, 10 parts of mushroom slags, 10 parts of melmacs,
Mix homogeneously obtains filler and is calculated as A material；10 parts of water, 0.1 part of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 0.1 part of fatty alcohol, 1 part of mixed in hydrochloric acid
Obtain small powder and be calculated as B material；0.1 part of ammonium chloride is calculated as pre-buried functional materials C material.A is expected, B material, C material are sufficiently stirred for, mix,
After inflation, adding 1 part of performed polymer, quickly pour in flowerpot shape mould of plastics after stirring, in 20 minutes, natural foaming 1 ~ 3 times, puts
Described porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid is obtained after putting ripening in 24 hours.Described substrate records dry weight 0.21 ~ 0.32g/cm after drying3
, saturated water absorbent rate is more than 300%, and porosity is more than 75%, and pH value 5.5 ~ 7.5, C/N value is less than 40, and electrical conductivity EC value is between 1.0
~2.5ms/cm.Described matrix body presents excellent mechanical performances and the rate of water absorption being exceedingly fast, and has free from extraneous odour, lightweight, no simultaneously
The features such as dry linting dirt, good permeability, can be used for all kinds of plantation of indoor and outdoor, afforest, cultivation substrate, be particularly well-suited to the ecological agriculture
Cultivation matrix.
Embodiment 4
By 6 parts of EO content 60%, 2 functional group's polyether polyol and 4 parts of EO content 78%, mean molecule quantities of mean molecule quantity 3000
2 functional group's polyether polyol of 800 add in closed reactor, vacuum dehydration 2 hours at 100-120 DEG C；By many for above polyethers
Unit's alcohol is cooled to 50 DEG C, does not stop stirring, adds 5 parts of TDI, be warming up to 80 DEG C of insulation reaction 1.5 hours, obtain institute in 30 minutes
Need performed polymer；In performed polymer, isocyano-content is 5.8% ~ 6.5%.
7 parts of barks, 1 part of volcanic rock, 1 part of humic acid, 3 parts of Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeaes are pulverized and mixed, and with 20 parts of water-dispersible uniform institutes
Obtain filler, be calculated as A material；5 parts of water add 0.2 part of A-1 catalyst, 0.3 part of surfactant polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene hydrocarbyl ether
Block copolymer, 5 parts of alumina fire retardant mixing gained small powders, be calculated as B material, adds 10 parts upper after A, B material mix homogeneously
Stating performed polymer, quickly pour in mould of plastics after stirring mixing, natural foaming 3 ~ 8 times in 20 minutes, after placing ripening in 24 hours
Obtain described porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid.Mixing open-celled structure in hole sized by described substrate, aperture average diameter 0.2-
0.8mm, macropore average diameter 1-3mm, record dry weight 0.18 ~ 0.28g/cm after drying3 , saturated water absorbent rate is more than 300%, hole
Gap rate is more than 75%, pH value 6.5 ~ 7.5.Product mechanics moderate performance, breathability, drainage the most carefully, be not likely to produce insect pest,
It is applicable to the fields such as roof greening, vertical planting, indoor greening, gardens cultivation, ecological management, is particularly suited for Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw., iron sheet
The breathability such as Herba Dendrobii, drainage require higher plant cultivation media.
Embodiment 5
Base polyurethane prepolymer for use as is prepared as described in above-described embodiment 4；
In 15 parts of riverway sludges, the weeds branch leaf powder adding 5 parts of urban roads cleaning recovery minces, and is sufficiently stirred for, mixes
After splitting or integrating dissipates, gained filler is calculated as expecting A；In 3 parts of water, add 1 part of triethanolamine, 0.5 part of trade mark is that the silicone of DABCO is even
Infusion, 0.01 part of root-inducing powder, mix homogeneously gained small powder is calculated as expecting B；By material A, material after B uniformly mixes, add 10 parts above-mentioned
Performed polymer described in embodiment 3, quickly pours in mould after stirring mixing, obtains the imitative soil of described porous and plant after natural foaming molding
Training matrix body.Gained substrate is open-celled structure, average pore size 0.1mm ~ 0.3mm, dry density 0.22g/cm3, pH value 6.5, have
Good mechanical property and lock aqueous energy.After riverway sludge method foaming as described in the present embodiment, the abnormal smells from the patient distributed substantially subtracts
Little, sewage is not easy to ooze out, thus when clearing up in river course, can be sprayed directly on to Channel slope or limit, river course greenbelt after on-the-spot mixing
On, through natural foaming molding, become good plant landscape substrate, provide water, gas and nutritional labeling for plant.Foaming
Matrix body can reduce stink volatilization, effectively prevents the secondary pollution problem that rain drop erosion causes, solve riverway sludge cleaning and
Process problem.The substrate made in aforementioned manners is made to also can be widely used to urban afforestation, vertical planting, nursery cultivation, ecology
The applications such as agricultural.
Embodiment 6
Base polyurethane prepolymer for use as is prepared by embodiment 1 method；
10 parts of powder of straw minced, 1 part of Lumbricus soil, 1 part of fowl and animal excrement, 10 parts of Lauxites are pulverized, are mixed, and use water by its point
Dissipating uniformly, gained is calculated as expecting A；10 parts of water, 0.1 part of glycine betaine, 0.5 part of ammonium chloride, 0.1 part of citric acid, high-speed stirred mixing is beaten
Bubble, gained is calculated as B material；By A, B material mixing, add 2 parts of above-mentioned base polyurethane prepolymer for use as, quickly pour in mould after stirring and naturally send out
Soak type, after ripening in 24 hours, obtain described porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid.This matrix body is open-celled structure, dry weight 0.3g/
cm3, there is good mechanical property, water absorbent rate 300%, C/N ratio is less than 40.Can be widely applied to urban afforestation, three-dimensional green
The applications such as change, nursery cultivation, the ecological agriculture, ecological remediation and treatment.
Embodiment 7
Base polyurethane prepolymer for use as is prepared as described in above-described embodiment 4；
In 20 parts of water, add 0.05 part of fatty alcohol, 0.05 part of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 10 parts of urea-formaldehyde resin solutions, quickly
After stirring, inflating, mix, add the mixed liquor of 20 parts of earth, 0.1 part of ammonium chloride, 0.05 part of citric acid and water, after stirring
Pour in flowerpot shape mould of plastics, normal temperature cure molding, obtain described porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid after placing ripening in 24 hours.
Using the substrate that the method prepares, earth is preferably fixed in matrix body, and mechanical property, water retention property, porous are the most excellent
In general earth, afforest for urban afforestation or meadow, can solve that the exposed airborne dust caused of earth falls ash, rain drop erosion causes
The problem such as soil erosion, the resistance to trample of this substrate simultaneously, be particularly suited for the places such as football pitch, golf course, lawn, park
Greening.Described substrate records dry weight 0.35g/cm after drying3 , saturated water absorbent rate is more than 300%, and pH value 6.5 ~ 7.5, C/N value is little
In 40.
Above-mentioned porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid is open-celled structure, and porosity is more than 75%, average pore size 10 ~ 1000 μm, dry holds
Weigh 0.1 ~ 0.4g/cm3, saturated water absorbent rate is more than 300%, and water-holding porosity is more than 50%, and air-vent porosity is more than 15%, pH value
5.5 ~ 7.5, electrical conductivity EC value 1.0 ~ 2.5ms/cm, C/N value is less than 40.The preparation method of described porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid is adopted
Use full water foamed molding, can be injection molded as by mould variously-shaped, also by in-situ spraying or natural sialorrhea in required construction
Position.
The foaming method of above-described embodiment reacts release carbon dioxide by the isocyano in prepolymer and water and reaches to send out
The purpose of bubble, can introduce a certain amount of gas simultaneously, can play auxiliary foaming effect in whipping process.
The imitative soil cultivation matrix that above-described embodiment provides, is widely used in vertical planting, urban afforestation, roof greening, room
Interior greening, intelligence greening, side slope reparation, gardens gardening, restoration of the ecosystem, ecological management, soilless culture, base nursery, water body are repaiied
The fields such as multiple improvement.
The above, the only present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any those familiar with the art in the technical scope that the invention discloses, the change that can readily occur in or replacement,
All should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of the claims
It is as the criterion.
Claims (10)
1. the porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid of a Convenient environmental-protective, it is characterised in that described cultivation base plastid is continuously one
Porous imitative soil sponge structure, including viscoelastic polyurethane knot body 1 ~ 10 weight portion, filler 1 ~ 50 weight portion, small powder 0.01 ~ 50 weight portion,
Pre-buried functional materials 0 ~ 5 weight portion；Described filler be in organic filler, inorganic filler or organo-mineral complexing filler at least
A kind of；Described small powder is the mixture of at least two in surfactant, catalyst, chain extender, fire retardant and foaming agent.
The porous of Convenient environmental-protective the most according to claim 1 imitative soil cultivation base plastid, it is characterised in that described organic filler
For at least one in agricultural organic waste, fertilizer, melmac or Lauxite；Inorganic filler is diatom
At least one in soil, loess, earth, bentonite, Kaolin, Vermiculitum, potter's clay, perlite or rock wool.
The porous of Convenient environmental-protective the most according to claim 1 imitative soil cultivation base plastid, it is characterised in that described surface activity
Agent be polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene hydrocarbyl ether block copolymer, the trade mark be the silicone of DABCO, arlacels, fatty alcohol
In class, alkylolamides class, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene class, fatty alcohol polyethenoxy ether class, alkyl polyglucoside class surfactant
At least one；Catalyst be A-1 catalyst, triethylenediamine, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, two
Methylethanolamine, N, N-dimethyl cyclohexyl amine, N-methylmorpholine, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, citric acid, hexamethylenetetramine,
At least one in ammonium chloride.
The porous of Convenient environmental-protective the most according to claim 1 imitative soil cultivation base plastid, it is characterised in that described chain extender is
At least one in trimethylolpropane, 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, glycerol；Fire retardant be stibium oxide, hydrated alumina,
At least one in Firebrake ZB, barium metaborate, pentabromo-ethylbenzene, bromo diphenyl ether, dimethyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffin；Foaming agent is
Water.
The porous of Convenient environmental-protective the most according to claim 1 imitative soil cultivation base plastid, it is characterised in that described pre-buried function
Property material be in plant seed, root-growing agent, soil sterilants, stover ferment agent, potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer or compound fertilizer extremely
Few one.
The porous of Convenient environmental-protective the most according to claim 1 imitative soil cultivation base plastid, it is characterised in that the imitative soil of described porous
Cultivation base plastid is open-celled structure, porosity be more than 75%, average pore size 10 ~ 1000 μm, dry density 0.1 ~ 0.4g/cm3, saturated
Water absorbent rate be more than 300%, water-holding porosity be more than 50%, air-vent porosity be more than 15%, pH value 5.5 ~ 7.5, electrical conductivity EC value
1.0 ~ 2.5ms/cm, C/N value is less than 40.
7. the preparation method of the imitative soil of the porous of Convenient environmental-protective described in any one cultivation base plastid, its feature in claim 1 to 6
It is, comprises the steps:
1) preparation of viscoelastic polyurethane knot body: the polyether polyol of 1 ~ 10 part is added in reactor, vacuum dehydration at 100-120 DEG C
1 ~ 2 hour；It is cooled to less than 60 DEG C, adds 1 ~ 7 part of TDI or MDI, be warming up to 75 ~ 85 DEG C and react 1.5 ~ 3 hours, obtain pre-polymerization
Body；
2) in 1 ~ 50 part of water, 1 ~ 50 part of filler, 0.01 ~ 50 part of small powder, 0 ~ 5 part of pre-buried functional materials are added, be sufficiently stirred for,
After mixing, dispersion, add the performed polymer that the step 1) of 1 ~ 10 part obtains, quickly pour in mould after stirring mixing, foaming,
Obtain described porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid.
The preparation method of the porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid of Convenient environmental-protective the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that step
1) in described performed polymer, isocyano mass content is 1% to 15%.
The preparation method of the porous imitative soil cultivation base plastid of Convenient environmental-protective the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described
Polyether polyol includes two functional groups or trifunctional, molecular weight at least one polyether polyol between 800-5000, and
The EO content of every kind of polyether polyol is all between 20%-90%.
10. in claim 1 to 6 porous of Convenient environmental-protective described in any one imitative soil cultivation base plastid on all kinds of greenings, limit
Application in slope reparation, gardens gardening, restoration of the ecosystem, ecological management and soilless culture.
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