CN105367216A - Plastic fiber cultivating soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Plastic fiber cultivating soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105367216A CN105367216A CN201510641781.7A CN201510641781A CN105367216A CN 105367216 A CN105367216 A CN 105367216A CN 201510641781 A CN201510641781 A CN 201510641781A CN 105367216 A CN105367216 A CN 105367216A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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Abstract
Plastic fiber cultivating soil is prepared from 15-35% of foundation soil, 5-35% of plant fiber powder, 10-50% of perlite, 5-15% of peat soil and 5-15% of dual-component hot-melt adhesion composite fibers. The composite fibers are formed by compositing two thermoplastic polymers through composite spinning according to a sheath-core type structural mode. The difference of melting points of the adopted two thermoplastic polymers is not lower than 30 DEG C. The composite fibers are composed of dual-component hot-melt adhesion composite fibers A with the particle size being 15-25 mm and dual-component hot-melt adhesion composite fibers B with the particle size being 3-8 mm. The composite fibers A and the composite fibers B can be made of same materials or different materials. The particle size of the plant fiber powder is 0.2-0.9 mm. The plastic fiber cultivating soil has the advantages that the cultivating soil can be cured and formed and is long in service life, not prone to weathering, low in weight, high in moisture-preserving performance and breathability, capable of being recycled after being discarded and the like. The plastic fiber cultivating soil has the main effects that the problems that in the vertical greening construction process, plants cannot be easily attached to walls, planting soil is large in gravity, and the soil is not easily shaped and is prone to dispersion are solved, and the problem that large-scale mechanical seedling inserting is difficult in upland soil planting. Due to the fact that most raw materials come from agricultural and forestry waste, a contribution can be made to agriculture and environmental protection, and the fiber soil can be recycled or directly used as combustion improver after being used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural, forestry, environment and restoration of the ecosystem field, is a plant growth soil.
Background technology:
In recent years, haze was serious, and rural area waste resource leaves unused in a large number, and big and medium-sized cities are in order to promote greening and protection of the environment, and on roof, roofing, artificial slope, the place that the wind and rain such as high-rise metope are large starts to afforest.On roof, during the greening of artificial slope etc., method commonplace at present bankets in plastic pallet or is placed on together with sack on roof and artificial slope with non-woven wraps, then whole plant.But, like this after construction, base stressed very heavy, and also the water and soil of small vessels easily runs off, and drainage performance is bad.Heavy rain weather then easily hardens, the bright and clear then flying dust everywhere of weather.Therefore, lightweight, easy construction, not high to the burden requirement of old building thing and high-rise etc., simple to operate, the product that drainage is outstanding becomes the urgent need of greening industry, but such a compost also finds without any patent and statement expression at present, and Here it is, and we develop a basic present situation of technique.
The current aging population of China is progressively accelerated, gradually reducing of people in the countryside, and mechanize and the mass-producing of farm work constantly promote.Current automatic rice transplanter and seedling-throwing technology are adopted widely.But in the research of the native mechanical seedlings plugging of drought, be all the small vessels made of plastics usually when transplanting at present, then add compost at container facade, vegetables are put in compost, the showy flowers of herbaceous plants, fruit tree, the seed of the plant of trees etc., after carrying out the cultivation of certain hour, seedling takes out from grog small vessels, is put into automatic seed sowing machine and gets on kind, but due to the soil fixing limited use of plant root system part, root basin is subject to little by little collision and can scatters with regard to soil, makes tree-remover be difficult to slotting kind.
Become possibility to realize nonirrigated farmland machinery seedlings plugging, someone proposes peritonaeum nonirrigated farmland transplantation technique, and basin body is from degradation technique etc.These original technology decrease the injury of root basin to a certain extent, but effect is not very well, because peritonaeum technical operation requires high, basin alms bowl needs the time etc. from degraded.
Summary of the invention:
Object of the present invention aims to provide a kind of plasticity-fiber compost, it not only equally can plant majority of plants with Nostoc commune Vanch soil, there is good water holdup, and plastic molding, change the attribute that soil is easily scattered, for the industry such as mechanized cultivation, vertical planting base material provides the foundation.
Another object of the present invention aims to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned plasticity-fiber compost.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of plasticity-fiber compost, includes base soil, plant fiber powder, perlite, peat soil, two component heat melts bonding conjugated fibre; Wherein above-mentioned each Ingredient percent is base soil 15% ~ 35%, plant fiber powder 5% ~ 35%, perlite 10% ~ 50%, peat soil 5% ~ 15%, two component heat melts bonding conjugated fibre 5% ~ 15%; It is be composited by the frame mode of conjugate spinning according to core-skin type by two kinds of thermoplastic polymers that described two components heat melts bonding conjugated fibre, and the fusing point difference that described two components heat are melted between two kinds of thermoplastic polymers that the conjugated fibre that bonds adopts is not less than 30 DEG C; Described two component heat are melted bonding conjugated fibre and are melted the two component heat of bonding conjugated fibre A and 3 ~ 8mm by the two component heat of 15 ~ 25mm and melt bonding conjugated fibre B and form; The material of two component thermo-fusing bonding compound fiber A and B can be identical or different, and the granularity of described plant fiber powder is 0.2-0.9mm.
The granularity of described plant fiber powder is preferably 0.45-0.75mm.
The particle diameter of perlite and peat soil is 2-4mm.
More preferably technical scheme is base soil 15% ~ 30%, plant fiber powder 20% ~ 35%, perlite 30% ~ 50%, peat soil 5% ~ 15%, two component heat melts bonding conjugated fibre 5% ~ 15% in the present invention;
Described plant fiber powder can derive from one or more in plant straw, rice bran, sawdust, withered pasture and water, liver moss, algae.
Described thermoplastic polymer is selected from polyester, polymeric amide, polypropylene, modified poly ester, modified polyamide, polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
At least one in described thermoplastic polymer is preferably polyester.
The quality optimization ratio of two component thermo-fusing bonding compound fiber A and B is 1 ~ 5:1 ~ 5; Be more preferably 2 ~ 3:2 ~ 3.
Described fiber moisture rate is less than 15%, and fiber number is at 1.4 ~ 1.8dtex, and elongation at break is greater than 15%.
Pearl plasticity-fiber compost of the present invention, also can add and have one or more in vermiculite, slag, vegetable fertilizer.
The fusing point of the superficial cortical layers polymkeric substance of the core-skin type of described conjugated fibre is 130 DEG C ~ 400 DEG C,
Described plasticity-fiber compost, also adds one or more that have in polyacrylamide, ammonium polyacrylate, polyacrylate, starch grafted acrylate base polymer.
The add-on of one or more in described polyacrylamide, polyacrylate is 1.5 ‰ ~ 5 ‰ of plasticity-fiber compost total amount.
Plant fiber powder in plasticity-fiber compost can adjust according to the specific needs of culturing plants.Vegetable fibre part can be stalk, cotton stem, rice bran, sawdust, withered pasture and water, liver moss, algae organism etc.
Perlite must have the physical structure of porosity and looseness.Certainly can add the exotic materials such as vermiculite, slag where necessary to change the acid-basicity of fiber soil, also can add the mineral manure such as organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer to meet the nutrient substance required for plant-growth.
Plant fiber powder of the present invention can come from the agriculture and forestry organic waste material in most of China area, and price is very cheap, and environment with all kinds of form severe contamination, can directly be turned waste into wealth by the present invention.So comprehensively dissimilar agricultural refuse thing powder can be made into corresponding plastic fiber compost.
The preparation of plastic fiber compost of the present invention is by comprising base soil, after plant fiber powder, perlite, peat soil, two component heat melts the raw material stirring Homogeneous phase mixing of bonding conjugated fibre, carry out heat treated, make two component heat melt bonding conjugated fibre and form with the fusion of other raw material.
Preparation method for plasticity-fiber compost (particularly afforesting use) mixes the raw material comprising base soil, plant fiber powder, perlite, peat soil, two component heat melt bonding conjugated fibre to put into container uniformly, then adding enough water makes it be in abundant saturated water suction state, carry out heat treated again, moulded section.The shape of replacing container and mould can be led to change the shape of reactive fibre soil to meet the different needs.
Contriver is found by research, make two component heat melt low-melting one in bonding conjunction conjugated fibre during plasticity-fiber compost hot briquetting of the present invention, because of heating, melting phenomenon occurs, contriver is also coordinated with the effective of the granularity between plant fiber powder by the size of the two component thermo-fusing bonding compound fiber described in control, can make between conjugated fibre, hot melt adhesion can be there is between conjugated fibre and plant fiber powder, thus form three-dimensional through hole reticulated structure, and there is good water holdup.If add moisture in the course of processing, be just more easily conducive to the cancellated formation of above-mentioned three-dimensional through hole by moisture evaporative process.Therefore, the stirring of other material of application claims fiber and compost must be even, and be best adding hot briquetting under water state.
During the compost hot briquetting of plasticity-fiber, the fusing point difference between two kinds of thermoplastic polymers that conjugated fibre adopts is not less than 30 DEG C, is so just conducive to conjugated fibre fusing bonding, thus forms uniform and stable reticulated structure.With regard to heat treated; in order to ensure that two component heat is melted bonding conjugated fibre and can successfully be merged; guarantee the softening of the plant fiber powder of reactive fibre soil and sterile culture soil system simultaneously; the melting point of the superficial cortical layers polymkeric substance of described conjugated fibre and softening temperature (i.e. fusing point) are preferably more than 130 DEG C; but had better not higher than 400 DEG C; otherwise very high to the requirement of heating unit, power consumption is comparatively large, and dangerous.What requirement is not had for heating unit, but if temperature is more than 400 DEG C, the most handy autoclave can be more secure on safety and stability.
Plasticity-fiber compost of the present invention is in heated die moulding process, can first not add water directly compression yet, then in heat treated, but this can only be used for the making of little seedling dish, be limited to less than 100 cubic centimetres, can guarantee that the shape of fiber soil is fixed like this, fiber soil internal physical structure is all reasonable, is suitable for the growth of root system of plant.The finished product of processing can select different mould personalized customization as required, when being applied to metope and roofing, also can become sheet material by large Mould Machining, can cutting or assembled use as required during construction.
Contriver finds plasticity-fiber compost by studying further, should be noted that and control perlite globule size well, perlite undersized, will reduce the hold facility of moisture, the internal structure porosity of fiber soil can diminish simultaneously, thus the growth performance of plant is had a great impact, perlitic granularity is excessive, perlite just well can not form capillary structure thus traps moisture with other mixtures, realize water retention property, water holding capacity can have substantial degradation, be unfavorable for the water holding capacity grasping cured fiber soil accurately like this, also final fiber soil internal structure porosity can be caused to become large simultaneously, so perlitic globule size is not elective.
Make plasticity-fiber compost, not for extra high plant for water demand, substantially the plantation attribute of plant can be met, but for the plant that water demand amount is high, contriver has also done further research, contriver adds water-holding agent, but contriver does not know whether these water-holding agents can destroy the consolidated fibrous structure of new composition, and whether the unclear water-holding agent added has equally excellent characteristic as adding in normal soil.Make contriver joyful be that the present invention adds water-holding agent and do not destroy the original solidification pliable structure of plasticity-fiber compost of the present invention, water-holding agent has not only showed the fiber soil well retention ability to solidification in solidification plasticity-fiber soil, this also illustrates that water-holding agent is not simply only improve water-retentivity to have help in the hole formation that fiber soil is inner, is also the fine auxiliary agent of one improved fiber soil internal structure porosity of the present invention.And the water conservation parameter of reactive fibre soil of the present invention also can be made can to become controlled through the interpolation of water-holding agent.Certain the present invention mainly can expand the plant variety scope of plantation of the present invention further, and the soil species meeting plasticity-fiber compost plants base attribute.
When sowing in this fiber compost, the heatmeltable fiber heating and melting preferably inside fiber compost is sowed after combining again.Sowed before hot briquetting process, seed easily goes bad because of high temperature, the dead thus percentage of germination in other words that can not germinate reduces.After hot briquetting process, just passable containing the moisture directly sowing that can not need again to pour water in fiber compost.If necessary, pour water after planting also passable.Fiber compost in the present invention, except sowing son, can also be used to cuttage.
After this fiber compost curing molding, have following arable plant: violet, lily, celery, chrysanthemum, leek, purple perilla, pumpkin, wax gourd, eggplant, fresh kidney beans, pea, green soy bean, carnation etc., but the cuttage such as chrysanthemum, carnation plant to add some nacrite foaies to ensure air permeability in fiber soil material.And the plantation such as veterinary antibiotics to be material in reactive fibre soil be aided with more peat soil makes nutraceutical matrix can be relatively good.
Reactive fibre soil in the present invention can be used on wall greening engineering and roof greening engineering, afforests at these building surfaces, generally selects the sengreen that some are drought-enduring: Buddha's hand grass and Stringy Stonecrop Herb etc.
Novel compost provided by the invention, picture roof, artificial slope, high-rise metope etc. the places such as the old building that wind and rain is large, load is low can widespread use, also can be good at solution to make when strong wind and heavy rain the soil of vertical planting disperse, run off and even harden, and this compost is lightweight, construction solidified nature is good, the characteristics such as drainage performance is good are also outstanding, can be China's vertical planting and high-rise wall greening, the greening of old building thing brings breakthrough power-assisted, allows the ecotope reparation in high-rise afforestation project and Desertification and stony desertification region be achieved.
Compost of the present invention can also play a significant role when non-irrigated soil mud machinery is transplanted.Current nursery is all cultivate plants for some time with the ridging of little basin alms bowl, then transplanting is taken out, so just there will be the root problem of such as hindering root in the process of mechanize, our compost is due to can curing molding, so there is not the process of taking out seedling in transplanting process, just there is not the problem of hindering root, thus fundamentally bring power-assisted for non-irrigated native planting with machinery yet.
The present invention can also be directly used in the root basin being formed with very high strength, is directly used for making plant cultivation container, can widespread use in this potted plant aspect, gardening gardens, can avoid the secondary injury of the root system brought in plant transplantation process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is two component hot-melt prepreg machine materials of the 20mm length that the present invention prepares.
Fig. 2 is two component hot-melt prepreg machine materials of the 5mm length that the present invention prepares.
Fig. 3 is the internal structure that fiber of the present invention soil tears up out, and we can see that of the present invention pair of component heat melts the cyberspace structure of viscose fibre and plant fiber powder formation, see the compost hole that two component hot-melt prepreg machine and perlite etc. are formed.
Fig. 4 is the outside of the reactive fibre soil that the present invention processes, and can see that the solidification plasticity-of fiber soil is strong, the arrangement of soil block composition is compacted evenly.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are more specifically described in detail the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and for the processing parameter do not indicated especially, can refer to routine techniques and carry out.The present embodiment main detection plant fiber powder is on the impact of the related physical performance of reactive fibre compost as the stability of pore texture, retentiveness, vegetation growth state and ball fiber soil etc.
The related physical performance of reactive fibre compost of the present invention is if stability of pore texture, retentiveness, vegetation growth state and ball fiber soil etc. is according to following standard operation.
[1] to the mensuration of the pore texture of fiber compost: the pore texture of soil is the space that can hold water and air between soil solid particulate, also be the space of edaphophyte root system, soil animal and microbial activities, its index is extremely important to vegetation growth state.
Soil porosity refers to that unit volume inner pore volume accounts for the percentage ratio of soil total volume.Generally soil cell size is defined as by we: soil cell size (%)=(1-grogs volume/soil volume) * 100%
[2] measure the retentiveness of fiber compost: soil moisture content refers to the moisture grams kept in every hectogram dry ground, we press formulae discovery below to retentiveness: retentiveness measurement=(wet-W of W does)/W does * 100%.Get the square fiber compost of 4cm*4cm*4cm to soak 10min and fully absorb water, stand is dry, weighs, then in thermostat container 105 degrees Celsius toast about 2h, move in moisture eliminator and be cooled to room temperature, weigh.Embodiment and comparative example result gather to following table.
[3] vegetation growth state observation:
In each examples of implementation, sowing tomato, making plant upgrowth situation after 30 days: the tomato seedling seedling footpath of plantation is strong straight, difficulty pulls up, and branches and leaves state is luxuriant is that tomato seedling is more sturdy very well, easily pull up and fall seedling, branches and leaves state is generally, and tomato seedling is tiny to be easier to pull up or the branches and leaves of falling seedling state is generally well, and other are for poor.Outcome record is aggregated into following table.
[4] Stability Observation of plant-growth reactive fibre soil: when namely plantation tomato picked up plant after 30 days, observation ball globality, very convenient extraction, compost score of not being scattered is 4, conveniently extracts, the score of being scattered of compost part is 3, be difficult to extract, compost score of being scattered is 2, can not extract, compost be completely scattered score the same as gravel is 1, and embodiment and comparative example result gather to following table.
[5] mensuration of fiber mud acid basicity value: first prepare the standard color comparison card and the PH test paper that indicate 0-14 scale, then the reactive fibre soil that takes a morsel is broken, fully be dissolved in distilled water, then PH test paper is immersed in water, observe its colour-change in water, until color is basicly stable do not change time correspondingly with the numeral of standard color comparison card to compare.The larger alkalescence of numeral is stronger, and the less then acidity of numeral is stronger.Embodiment and comparative example result gather to following table.
[6] measure soil particle composition: soil is by the different each grade granulometric composition of particle diameter, the relative content of each grade particle and granulometric composition, have deep effect to the water of soil, heat, fertilizer, vaporous condition.Namely particle-size analysis of soil samples is the granulometric composition measuring soil, and determines the texture type of soil with this.This test adopts hand to survey quality method, by the mensuration grade scale (following table) of standard GB/T 7845-1987 forest soil granulometric composition (mechanical composition), gathers embodiment and comparative example result to following table.
Table 1 Soil particle size fractionation standard
Embodiment 1:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20%, peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melt the total amounts such as bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10% be the proportioning of 100% as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), base diameter 4cm is filled into, upper diameter 7cm, height 9cm, capacity 180cm
3container in, according to tamped density 0.4g/cm
3fill, then add water and make it be in water saturation state, 30 minutes heat treated under the high temperature of 120 DEG C again, make the vegetable fibre of the two component hot melt knot conjugated fibre in fiber compost and compost bond fully, form shaping reactive fibre soil block after cooling.Be modulated into fiber compost.Then to the pore texture, retentiveness, vegetation growth state, stability, pH value, soil particle composition etc. of this fiber compost, the data obtained enter following table.
Embodiment 2:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 30%, straw powder 10%, peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melt the total amounts such as bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10% be the proportioning of 100% as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 10%, straw powder 30%, peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melt the total amounts such as bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10% be the proportioning of 100% as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 40%, straw powder 0, peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melt the total amounts such as bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10% be the proportioning of 100% as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 10%, straw powder 30%, peat soil 10%, perlite 50%, two component heat melt total amount such as bonding conjugated fibre 0 etc. be the proportioning of 100% as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Table 1
Discovery is compared from upper table 1, do not add two component heat-fusible composite fiber, compost does not have the characteristic of plastic molding, the hole of plant fiber powder on plasticity-fiber compost has very large impact simultaneously, plant fiber powder addition is large, then porosity can progressively improve, but but stability declines thereupon, but the powder of soil is more, this has relation with the plant fiber powder increase originally added, so we necessarily consider when interpolation plant fiber powder the plant that this plasticity-fiber compost is planted, for the plant that water requirement is large, suitably can add plant fiber powder more, to guarantee hole and the retentiveness of reactive fibre soil.Finally, from the angle of plant-growth, flour sand grain soil compares and is conducive to plant-growth.
In sum, the plasticity-fiber compost that the present invention mentions has all properties of soil plantation substantially, also has the feature of plastic molding simultaneously concurrently, also can be guaranteed the reliability of plant growing by the interpolation of fiber powder.
X represents do not have shaping, without break-up value, does not measure.
Following examples are mainly added water-holding agent to the present invention and are more specifically described in detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited only to the water-holding agent of the types such as polyacrylate, and as acrylamide-acrylicacid salt crosslinking copolymerization thing type water-holding agent such as: polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid potassium, ammonium polyacrylate etc. also can; Equally as starch grafted acrylate crosslinking copolymerization thing another kind of water-holding agent as: starch grafted acrylate is also passable, not specific requirement is had to water-holding agent at this, but the edible feature of consumption plant is considered when planting vegetable, we still must consider whether it exists toxic side effect, and for the processing parameter do not indicated especially, can refer to routine techniques and carry out.Pore texture, retentiveness, the vegetation growth state of reactive fibre soil after the water-holding agent of observation interpolation below.
Embodiment 4:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20%, it is the proportioning of 100% that peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melts the total amounts such as bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Table 2
Following examples are more specifically described in detail the plant fiber powder granularity requirements that the present invention adds, and for the processing parameter do not indicated especially, can refer to routine techniques and carry out.First the plant fiber powder of different pore size is observed to draw the stability of the related physical performance of different reactive fibre composts as pore texture, retentiveness, vegetation growth state and ball fiber soil.
Embodiment 5:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (30 order), it is the proportioning of 100% that peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melts the total amounts such as bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%.Add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths again, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), it is the proportioning of 100% that peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melts bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10% total amount.Add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths again, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (50 order), it is the proportioning of 100% that peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melts the total amounts such as bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%.Add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths again, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (10 order), it is the proportioning of 100% that peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melts the total amounts such as bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (60 order), it is the proportioning of 100% that peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melts the total amounts such as bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Table 3
X represents do not have shaping, does not measure
/ represent to there is fiber block, cannot Measurement accuracy
Analyzed by the above results, the granularity of plant fiber powder all has a certain impact to the fiber soil pores structure of curing molding and water-retentivity, from embodiment, the tiny stability being conducive to fiber soil structure of plant fiber powder, plant fiber powder is excessively slightly unfavorable for the structural stability of fiber soil, and the nutrition being added to the active earths in later stage of plant fiber powder simultaneously and the potential of hydrogen of reactive fibre soil have a certain impact.Contriver finds that plant fiber powder is crossed and thick or is meticulously unfavorable for that soil block internal pore structure is formed uniformly, when fiber powder is crossed thick, the time of stirring divides very long, the degree of uniformity simultaneously obtained neither be fine, the soil block finally formed is small portion balling, and plant fiber powder meticulous time also make pore texture fine and close, the pore texture that plant is necessary can not be formed.Contriver by experiment related physical Performance comparision analysis finds, can better meet plant-growth at the cured fiber soil that Task-size Controlling is being formed for 0.2-0.9mm of plant fiber powder.
And compare us in embodiment 4 and embodiment 2 and can find, water-holding agent has not only showed the fiber soil well retention ability to solidification in solidification plasticity-fiber soil, this also illustrates that water-holding agent is not simply only improve water-retentivity to have help in the hole formation that fiber soil is inner, is also the fine auxiliary agent of one improved fiber soil internal structure porosity of the present invention.
In order to the length to hot-melt prepreg machine of clear and definite reactive fibre soil structure is to requiring, the viscose fibre of contriver to different lengths is studied and tests.In order to avoid the confusion in aftermentioned description, at this, wherein a part of staple length is defined as fiber B between 3-8mm, another part staple length is defined as fiber A between 15-25mm.
Embodiment 8:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melts bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, and (wherein fiber A: fiber B is 1:1, the fiber B length of adding is 3mm, fiber A length is 15mm) etc. total amount be the proportioning of 100%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed, then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 9:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melts bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, and (wherein fiber A: fiber B is 1:1, the fiber B length of adding is 3mm, fiber A length is 25mm) etc. total amount be the proportioning of 100%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed, then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 10:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melts bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, and (wherein fiber A: fiber B is 1:1, the fiber B length of adding is 8mm, fiber A length is 15mm) etc. total amount be the proportioning of 100%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed, then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 11:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melts bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, and (wherein fiber A: fiber B is 1:1, the fiber B length of adding is 8mm, fiber A length is 25mm) etc. total amount be the proportioning of 100%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed, then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 5:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melts bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, and (wherein fiber A: fiber B is 1:1, the fiber B length of adding is 2mm, fiber A length is 15mm) etc. total amount be the proportioning of 100%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed, then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 6:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melts bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, and (wherein fiber A: fiber B is 1:1, the fiber B length of adding is 9mm, fiber A length is 25mm) etc. total amount be the proportioning of 100%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed, then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 7:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melt bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, and (wherein fiber A: fiber B is 1:1, the fiber B length of adding is 5mm, fiber A length is 26mm) etc. total amount be the proportioning of 100%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Table 4
X represents do not have shaping, does not measure ,/represent to there is fiber block, cannot Measurement accuracy.
At embodiment 8-11, we find the length of two component hot-melt prepreg machine fiber A to combine at 15 ~ 25mm at 3 ~ 8mm and the length of two component hot-melt prepreg machine B, the fiber soil structure formed can meet the needs of plant-growth substantially, but when two kinds of staple lengths have one to exceed this scope, the uniform pores structure of reactive fibre soil is just difficult to be formed.As can be seen here, staple length is not random, and two kinds of fibers play different effects in the formation of the consolidated structures of reactive fibre soil.In order to keep spatial hole gap structure needed for plant normal growth and stability, the scope of two kinds of staple lengths just must be guaranteed.
In order to the ratio of clear and definite two kinds of different lengths hot-melt prepreg machine is to the influence degree of reactive fibre soil structure, the viscose fibre of contriver to different ratios is studied.
Embodiment 12:(1) get discarded drying water rice straw, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melt bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, and (wherein fiber A: fiber B is 1:1, the fiber B length of adding is 5mm, fiber A length is 20mm) total amount is the proportioning of 100%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 13:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melt bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, and (wherein fiber B: fiber A is 2:3, the fiber B length of adding is 5mm, fiber A length is 20mm) etc. total amount be the proportioning of 100%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 14:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melt bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, and (wherein fiber B: fiber A is 3:2, the fiber B length of adding is 5mm, fiber A length is 20mm) etc. total amount be the proportioning of 100%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 8:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melt bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, and (wherein fiber B: fiber A is 1:0, the fiber B length of adding is 5mm, fiber A length is 20mm) etc. total amount be the proportioning of 100%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 9:
(1) discarded drying water rice straw is got, processing powder is broken into straw powder, by mixtures such as above-mentioned plant fiber powders by following proportioning: loess 20%, straw powder 20% (40 order), peat soil 10%, perlite 40%, two component heat melt bonding conjugated fibre accounting 10%, and (wherein fiber B: fiber A is 0:1, the fiber B length of adding is 5mm, fiber A length is 20mm) etc. total amount be the proportioning of 100%, add the polyacrylate of 3/1000ths, as this plastic compost base material, be uniformly mixed.
(2) then the compost of mixed preparing in above-mentioned (1), subsequent step is with embodiment 1.
X represents do not have shaping, does not measure./ represent to there is fiber block, cannot Measurement accuracy
Table 5
At embodiment 12-14, the present invention preferably finds the ratio fiber A of two kinds of different lengths hot-melt prepreg machine: when fiber B is between 2:3 ~ 3:2, the fiber soil structure formed better can meet the needs of plant-growth, from comparative example 8 and comparative example 9, when only adding fiber B, the reactive fibre soil structure obtained is fine and close, the g and D being difficult to applicable root system of plant of the inside, when only adding staple fibre A, although the reactive fibre soil porosity obtained is higher, the growth of plant can be met, but the reactive fibre soil structure formed is very easily broken, in general, the interpolation of fiber is not random, two kinds of fibers play different effects in the forming process of fiber soil structure, fiber B has unique effect to the stability in reactive fibre soil structure simultaneously, fiber A has unique effect to reactive fibre soil loosening gap structure structure, the plant fiber powder that simultaneously two kinds of different lengths fibroplastic cyberspace structures are mixed with certain particle size is just formed with the three-dimensional consolidated structures of certain stability, and the good plantation of plant can be realized through equally distributed water-holding agent, and once the proportional imbalance of two fibers, plant fiber powder is just well dispersed unfixing by fibrous texture, so the interpolation of two kinds of fibers serves keying action to the consolidated structures that fiber soil is formed.
Result of the present invention:
Plasticity-fiber compost of the present invention is by the hot a kind of reactive fibre soil melting bonding conjugated fibre and process of the plant fiber powder such as stalk, Cotton Stalk, perlite and two component.By the heat treated that adds water, two component heat is made to melt bonding conjugated fibre and the particle such as plant fiber powder, perlite organic, form the fiber soil of netted three-D structure, physical structure due to its uniqueness makes the ventilated performance of fiber soil fine, and water retention property is also very strong, is conducive to very much the growth of plant.Because heat melts the existence of bonding conjugated fibre, the two component heat in fiber soil melt bonding conjugated fibre at a certain temperature, melt, soften, bonding, so fiber is native can be processed into arbitrarily different shapes, cooling drying after fixing is shaping.Therefore can make seedling dish with this reactive fibre soil, slotting kind of nonirrigated farmland machinery can be allowed to become a reality.
Because reactive fibre soil has curable shaping, add lightweight, ventilating air permeability is good, water retention property is strong, be conducive to the features such as the growth of plant, consider the various requirement of the actual use of material fully, also can apply widely at vertical planting and environment remediation field.There is not the loss of rain drop erosion soil in it, at roof greening and wall greening, the restoration of the ecosystem aspect of city structures facade greening, bank protection, river levee has unique advantage, even if easily can realize greening in Desertification and stony desertification region.It can also be recycled, if do not re-used, can burn, can not produce secondary pollution as combustion-supporting material.
Claims (16)
1. a plasticity-fiber compost, is characterized in that, includes base soil, plant fiber powder, perlite, peat soil, two component heat melts bonding conjugated fibre; Wherein above-mentioned each Ingredient percent is base soil 15% ~ 35%, plant fiber powder 5% ~ 35%, perlite 10% ~ 50%, peat soil 5% ~ 15%, two component heat melts bonding conjugated fibre 5% ~ 15%; Described conjugated fibre is composited by the frame mode of conjugate spinning according to core-skin type by two kinds of thermoplastic polymers, and the fusing point difference that described two components heat is melted between two kinds of thermoplastic polymers that bonding conjugated fibre adopts is not less than 30 DEG C; Described two component heat are melted bonding conjugated fibre and are melted the two component heat of bonding conjugated fibre A and 3 ~ 8mm by the two component heat of 15 ~ 25mm and melt bonding conjugated fibre B and form; The material of two component thermo-fusing bonding compound fiber A and B can be identical or different, and the granularity of described plant fiber powder is 0.2-0.9mm.
2. plasticity-fiber compost according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the granularity of described plant fiber powder is 0.45-0.75mm.
3. plasticity-fiber compost according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the particle diameter of perlite and peat soil is 2-4mm.
4. plasticity-fiber compost according to claim 1, is characterized in that, base soil 15% ~ 30%, plant fiber powder 20% ~ 35%, perlite 30% ~ 50%, peat soil 5% ~ 15%, two component heat melt bonding conjugated fibre 5% ~ 15%.
5. plasticity-fiber compost according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described two component thermo-fusing bonding compound fiber A and B is 1 ~ 5:1 ~ 5.
6. plasticity-fiber compost according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein the mass ratio of two component thermo-fusing bonding compound fiber A and B is 2 ~ 3:2 ~ 3.
7. plasticity-fiber compost according to claim 1, is characterized in that, plant fiber powder derives from one or more in plant straw, rice bran, sawdust, withered pasture and water, liver moss, algae.
8. plasticity-fiber soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described thermoplastic polymer is selected from polyester, polymeric amide, polypropylene, modified poly ester, modified polyamide, polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
9. plasticity-fiber compost according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the one in described thermoplastic polymer is polyester.
10. the plasticity-fiber compost according to any one of claim 1-9, is characterized in that, described fiber moisture rate is less than 15%, and fiber number is at 1.4 ~ 1.8dtex, and elongation at break is greater than 15%.
11. plasticity-fiber composts according to any one of claim 1-10, is characterized in that, also add and have one or more in vermiculite, slag, vegetable fertilizer.
12. plasticity-fiber composts according to any one of claim 1-11, it is characterized in that, the fusing point of the superficial cortical layers polymkeric substance of the core-skin type of described conjugated fibre is between 130 DEG C ~ 400 DEG C.
13. plasticity-fiber composts according to any one of claim 1-12, is characterized in that, add one or more that have in polyacrylamide, ammonium polyacrylate, polyacrylate, starch grafted acrylate base polymer.
14. plasticity-fiber composts according to claim 13, is characterized in that, the add-on of one or more in polyacrylamide, polyacrylate is 1.5 ‰ ~ 5 ‰ of plasticity-fiber compost total amount.
The preparation of the plasticity-fiber compost described in 15. any one of claim 1-13, it is characterized in that, comprise base soil, plant fiber powder, perlite, peat soil, two component heat carries out heat treated after melting the raw material stirring Homogeneous phase mixing of bonding conjugated fibre, make two component heat melt bonding conjugated fibre and other raw material and merge and form.
The preparation of 16. plasticity-fiber composts according to claim 15, it is characterized in that, that the raw material comprising base soil, plant fiber powder, perlite, peat soil, two component heat melt bonding conjugated fibre is mixed and puts into container uniformly for greening by the preparation method of plastic fiber soil, then adding enough water makes it be in abundant saturated water suction state, carry out heat treated again, moulded section.
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