CN102220134B - Water retaining SAP (Super Absorbent Polymer)-mixed soil prepared by using biogass fermentative residues and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water retaining SAP (Super Absorbent Polymer)-mixed soil prepared by using biogass fermentative residues and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a water retaining SAP (Super Absorbent Polymer)-mixed soil by using biogass fermentative residues, which comprises the following steps of: mixing and crushing biomass residues, saw dust, bone powder and soil, adding a swelling water-retaining agent in a mixture, then adding to biomass slurry for uniform stirring, and finally placing at the normal temperature for anaerobic fermentation for 20-30 days to obtain the water retaining SAP-mixed soil prepared by using the biogass fermentative residues. The preparation method has the advantages of rapidness, simplicity, convenience, low cost and implementation of comprehensive utilization, minimization and harmlessness of the biogass fermentative residues. The obtained water retaining SAP-mixed soil has the characteristics of quickly absorbing and storing rainwater and irrigation water, ensuring the moisture content required for the normal growth of plants and the humidification of soil for a long term, having light load, low volume weight, large porosity, comprehensive nutritional compositions, slow-effect and quick-effect nutritional compositions, keeping stability and high efficiency under various plants and different weather conditions, saving fertilizers and pesticides, and having no toxicity, harm, side effects or pollution to environments.
Description
The technology neighborhood
The present invention relates to soil property and stone slope greening with high efficiency composition water conservation mixture soil, especially relate to a kind of water conservation mixture soil and method thereof with the Anaerobic Fermentation Residues preparation.
Background technology
Along with the growth of population, the continuous deterioration of ecotope, can just day by day reduce for human use's land resources.And in recent years because reclaim wasteland, deforestation, predatory exploitation Mineral resources and develop at a high speed the causes such as communications and transportation, the energy, communication, land destruction and new soil erosion are caused in big area disturbance earth's surface, and the soil erosion area is growing on and on.Expert prophesy: as not paid attention to, the soil erosion that day by day increases the weight of certainly will affect socioeconomic Sustainable development, and directly threatens the ecological safety of country.Road construction flourish, cause its soil erosion amount that causes to account for the very large proportion of soil erosion total amount, oneself becomes one of the most serious territory soil erosion of China at present, its destructiveness is troubling, shows as that a large amount of good farmlands are nibbled, soil fertility decline, Sediment Siltation, flood control capacity weakens.In the face of so severe situation, how to adopt an effective measure, alleviate the soil erosion degree, promote that the reasonable utilization of existing land resources is extremely urgent.
Utilize Biogas Residues natural pond slag and natural pond liquid especially wherein, preparing greening side slope water conservation mixture soil is an effective way that addresses the above problem.Take Anaerobic Fermentation Residues natural pond slag and natural pond liquid as main raw materials, its source is very extensive, can be biogas residue and biogas liquid comprehensive development and utilization, realize that solid waste " three change " (resource utilization, minimizing, innoxious) provides a kind of effective way.In China, methane-generating pit is built just on a large scale and is used in areas such as vast rural areas.But the consequent is to have produced increasing Anaerobic Fermentation Residues, if not to its in addition effectively comprehensive utilization and resource utilization, Anaerobic Fermentation Residues then becomes solid waste and environment is produced harm.The compositions such as Biogas Residues is rich in after measured the needed humic acids of crop growth in a large number, organic matter, full nitrogen, phosphorous, full potassium and quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.The producing methane through anaerobic fermentation process consumes is carbon and hydrogen in the fermentation raw material, and namely 1 C atom and 4 H atoms are in conjunction with generating 1 CH
4Molecule, so being conducive to the nutritive ingredient of plant-growth, Anaerobic Fermentation Residues nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc. do not lose, simultaneously after anaerobically fermenting is processed, the compositions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium exist with the more favourable form that is used as absorption, for example the quantity of ammonium nitrogen (being quick-acting nitrogen) increases more than 1 times, more be conducive to farm crop to the needs of nitrogen nutrition, full nitrogen loss only 1.1%.Therefore, take liquid natural pond, natural pond slag as raw material, the compound mixture soil of preparing, its nutrient is higher than ordinary soil soil.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the slow speed of a kind of nutritive ingredient and have both, the composite highly effective water conservation mixture soil that fertilizer conservation, water conservation, load be light, be difficult for hardening, cost is low can play the effect that prevents erosion and beautify the environment, and realizes by following technical proposal.
A kind ofly prepare the method for water conservation mixture soil with Anaerobic Fermentation Residues, through the following step:
Natural pond slag, sawdust, bone meal, earth are mixed, pulverize, in mixture, add again water-holding agent after the swelling, add natural pond liquid again and stir, place normal temperature anaerobic fermentation after 20～30 days, namely obtain the water conservation mixture soil with the Anaerobic Fermentation Residues preparation.
Described water-holding agent is starch graft acrylic acid type water-holding agent.
Described natural pond slag, sawdust, bone meal, earth, water-holding agent are done agent and are mixed by following quality percentage composition: natural pond slag 35%, sawdust 18%, bone meal 5.5%, earth 40%, water-holding agent 1.5%.
The natural pond liquid of described adding is to add 300mL in every kilogram of mixture.
The granularity of described pulverizing is less than 3mm.
Described natural pond slag is the air-dry thing of solid phase of the Anaerobic Fermentation Residues of aerogenesis more than 60 days.
The raw material of described biogas fermentation is human and animal excreta and/or agricultural crop straw.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of water conservation mixture soil with the Anaerobic Fermentation Residues preparation, is the water conservation mixture soil that obtains by aforesaid method.
The nutritive ingredient of one of raw material used in the present invention natural pond slag is comprehensive, contains the compositions such as organic matter, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium and speed nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium.The organic porosity of the fiber of natural pond slag is large, and hole is many, and stronger ion exchangeable is arranged, and water-retaining capacity is strong.Sawdust to play loose soil property, increase ventilation, the effect of permeable and water retention property, simultaneously extremely efficient in preserving heat, can dwindle the day and night temperature of mixture soil, therefore have and utilize the growth that promotes plant.Using of water-holding agent not only can fully absorb irrigation water or natural precipitation, prevents moisture seepage and loss, improve efficiency of water application, and can promote the formation of soil agreegate, improve Pore structure in soil, prevent fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and soil erosion, improve the effective rate of utilization of fertilizer.Contain abundant trace element, soil ulmin acid, amino acid, plant growth hormones, microbiotic in the liquid of natural pond, can promote plant growth, strengthen plant disease-resistant insect pest ability, mix the nutritive ingredient that behind anaerobically fermenting, has improved in the water conservation mixture soil with butt matter.
Add an amount of starch graft acrylic acid type water-holding agent in mixture soil, its purpose is to strengthen the humidity-holding effect of compound mixture soil.The starch grafting type accessory has the high molecular polymer of high-hydroscopicity, contain the special strong suction group of a large amount of structures, not only can increase soil water-retentivity, the physical and chemical parameters such as mixture soil's water content, unit weight, coacervate are improved, being mainly used in reproducing area retains and conserve soil moisture, long service life, the proterties such as water absorbent rate and absorption speed are splendid, and cost is lower.For the growth of the green plants such as the green grass guaranteeing to plant at mixture soil, flowers, in mixture soil, also add an amount of bone meal, to improve the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in the soil.Bone meal is white powder, can make base manure, uses after the fermentation, can improve fertilizer efficiency.The present invention is also by carrying out the method for anaerobically fermenting to water conservation mixture soil, improve in natural pond liquid and the natural pond slag nutritive ingredient by the degree of utilizing of crop, according to active principle and the required loose and density of mixture soil such as the required nitrogen of material, phosphorus, potassium, add suitable natural pond liquid and regulate, prepare composite highly effective water conservation mixture soil.
The invention provides a kind of take Anaerobic Fermentation Residues natural pond slag and natural pond liquid as main raw materials, applicable to the composite highly effective water conservation mixture soil of greening side slope, it is characterized in that water conservation is effective, the soil erosion amount is low, nutritive ingredient is comprehensive, the available nutrient Stable Release, with low cost, be particularly useful for the greening side slope in the places such as efficient highway, also can be as the plantation matrix soil of roof, garden or potted plant.Adopt mixture soil to afforest, can beautify landscape environment, the raising eco-environmental quality in the places such as slope, motorway next door, have ecologic effect concurrently, economic benefits and social effect.The present invention has the following advantages:
1. with low cost, the compound mixture soil of this highly effective water-keeping, most of raw material is waste, manufacture craft is simple, less investment.
2. can drink up the rain fast, irrigation water and preserve, when plant needs, slowly discharge again, can guarantee the moisture content that plant normal growth is required like this, can prevent from again because of evaporation, seepage, loss moisture content being slatterned, guarantee that the long-term maintenance of soil is moistening, can repeatedly absorb water, discharge water, slowly supply plant utilization.
3. nutritive ingredient is comprehensive, has slow effect, quick-acting nutritious composition concurrently.
4. improve Soil structure (crumb structure, water-permeable, ventilation property).Contraction repeatedly and imbibition cause a large amount of holes to soil, ventilation property, the water-permeable of soil have been improved, improved rhizospheric environment, also strengthened simultaneously the activity of rhizospheric microorganism, accelerate the rhizosphere decomposition of humatite matter on every side and be conducive to Root Absorption, promoted growing of root system and plant, improved soil matrix, keep soil from packing together salinification.
5. have wide range of applications, under the Different climate condition, can both keep its stability and high efficiency, the dust suppression corrosion protection.The greening and the pot flowers plant that can be used for side slope, roof, garden.
6. as fertilizer is used with it, in its storage rainwater and irrigation water, also can preserve slowly release to fertilizer, reduce because of fertilizer and the waste of evaporating, seepage causes, thus the utilization ratio of raising fertilizer.
7. use the preparation material all be innoxious substance, to the plantation crop for the generation toxic side effect, use procedure to environment without any pollution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the soil water evaporation amount of water conservation mixture soil and ordinary soil compares;
Fig. 2 is that the soil water evaporation rate of water conservation mixture soil and ordinary soil compares;
Fig. 3 is that the soil water and soil number of dropouts of water conservation mixture soil and ordinary soil compares.
Embodiment
Natural pond slag 3.5kg, sawdust 1.8kg, bone meal 0.55kg, earth 4kg are mixed, be crushed to granularity less than 3mm, wherein the natural pond slag is the human and animal excreta of aerogenesis more than 60 days and the air-dry thing of solid phase of the Anaerobic Fermentation Residues of agricultural crop straw, getting starch graft acrylic acid type water-holding agent 0.15kg adds in the mixture after swelling again, adding natural pond liquid 3000mL stirs again, place normal temperature anaerobic fermentation after 20 days, namely obtain the water conservation mixture soil with the Anaerobic Fermentation Residues preparation.
Each constituent mass percentage composition is as follows in the gained water conservation mixture soil: natural pond slag 35%, sawdust 18%, bone meal 5.5%, earth 40%, starch graft acrylic acid type water-holding agent 1.5%, natural pond liquid 3000mL.
Natural pond slag 3.5kg, sawdust 1.8kg, bone meal 0.55kg, earth 4kg are mixed, be crushed to granularity less than 3mm, wherein the natural pond slag is the air-dry thing of solid phase of the Anaerobic Fermentation Residues of the human and animal excreta of aerogenesis more than 60 days, getting starch graft acrylic acid type water-holding agent 0.15kg adds in the mixture after swelling again, adding natural pond liquid 3000mL stirs again, place normal temperature anaerobic fermentation after 30 days, namely obtain the water conservation mixture soil with the Anaerobic Fermentation Residues preparation.
Each constituent mass percentage composition is as follows in the gained water conservation mixture soil: natural pond slag 35%, sawdust 18%, bone meal 5.5%, earth 40%, starch graft acrylic acid type water-holding agent 1.5%, natural pond liquid 3000mL.
Natural pond slag 3.5kg, sawdust 1.8kg, bone meal 0.55kg, earth 4kg are mixed, be crushed to granularity less than 3mm, wherein the natural pond slag is the air-dry thing of solid phase of the Anaerobic Fermentation Residues of the agricultural crop straw of aerogenesis more than 60 days, getting starch graft acrylic acid type water-holding agent 0.15kg adds in the mixture after swelling again, adding natural pond liquid 3000mL stirs again, place normal temperature anaerobic fermentation after 25 days, namely obtain the water conservation mixture soil with the Anaerobic Fermentation Residues preparation.
Each constituent mass percentage composition is as follows in the gained water conservation mixture soil: natural pond slag 35%, sawdust 18%, bone meal 5.5%, earth 40%, starch graft acrylic acid type water-holding agent 1.5%, natural pond liquid 3000mL.
Adopt the composite fertilizer-keeping mixture soil of embodiment 1 gained to carry out the analysis of physicochemical characteristics parameter, see Table 1:
Table 1 greening side slope water conservation mixture soil physicochemical characteristics parameter is analyzed
Mixture soil is dried in the shade, remove thick root and finger stone, analyze its proportion, unit weight, porosity and pH value, and contrast with the corresponding index of the pedotheque of ordinary soil.The result shows that the potential of hydrogen of mixture soil does not produce remarkable change because of the adding of the compositions such as water-holding agent and natural pond slag.After the effective constituents such as mixture soil adding water-holding agent and natural pond liquid, natural pond slag, unit weight slightly descends, and proportion and porosity are significantly increased.The raising major cause of porosity is to contain Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose and xylogen in the slag of natural pond, can be so that mixture soil pores rate improves thereby the physicochemical property of the earth of can effectively improving the soil.
Adopt the greening side slope water conservation mixture soil of embodiment 2 gained to carry out the analysis of plant growing way and mixture soil compositional analysis, see Table 2.
The composition analysis of table 2 greening side slope water-preserving nutritive
Measurement result shows that the nutrition composition content of mixture soil all is higher than the ordinary soil soil soil sample of contrast.The selection China aster is test plant, investigate the growing way of crop in greening side slope water conservation mixture soil, and take ordinary soil soil as the reference soil sample, compare the indexs such as rate of emergence, average plant height, crown diameter, the number of blade, average leaf length and mean blade width of China aster in two kinds of different soils.After plantation three months, measure the content of each nutrition composition in the mixture soil.After the comparative analysis, the rate of emergence of China aster in mixture soil, average plant height, crown diameter, average leaf is long and mean blade width, the number of blade than respectively high by 36.54%, 4.43 cm, 0.73 cm, 1.03 cm, 0.22 cm and 3 in ordinary soil soil.From the growing way contrast of China aster mixture soil and ordinary soil soil as can be known, greening side slope water conservation mixture soil is improved owing to soil physico-chemical index, thereby is conducive to promote the growth of crop.Compare with ordinary soil soil, the levels of nitrogen of the organic content of mixture soil, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, available nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium is significantly increased, and rapid available phosphorus, available nitrogen and available potassium are the nutritive ingredients that the plant growth utmost point needs, thereby mixture soil more is conducive to the growth of crop.
Adopt the greening side slope water conservation mixture soil of embodiment 3 gained to carry out the comparative analysis of soil water evaporation amount and moisture rate of evaporation with ordinary soil soil, see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
The water evaporation quantity that the result shows two kinds of soil is the variation tendency that rises first and descend afterwards with the prolongation of drought stress time, in first three day of drought stress, the water evaporation quantity fast rise of two kinds of soil, after this, the water evaporation quantity of two kinds of soil property pedotheques all begins on a declining curve.Two kinds of soil water evaporation amount obvious differences during this, the water evaporation quantity of contrast are apparently higher than the soil water evaporation amount of processing through water-holding agent, the ordinary soil soil that does not the add water-holding agent 44.87g/cm that dries out altogether in 15 days evaporation time
2, and the soil that adds water-holding agent 33.642 g/cm that dry out altogether
2, the moisture rate of evaporation of contrast soil sample descends 14.19% altogether, illustrates to apply the evaporation that water-holding agent can effectively suppress soil moisture.The reduction of the minimizing of moisture flow vector and moisture rate of evaporation shows that greening side slope water conservation mixture soil has the water retention capacity stronger than ordinary soil soil.
Adopt the greening side slope water conservation mixture soil of embodiment 3 gained to carry out the depletion component analysis with ordinary soil soil, concrete outcome is seen Fig. 3.
Be that 40 ° slope covers mixture soil in the gradient, make the manual simulation hillside fields, measure soil loss amount after each rainfall, and contrast with ordinary soil soil.The result shows that the average soil loss amount of mixture soil reduces by 68.40 g/m
2, illustrate that greening side slope water conservation mixture soil can effectively reduce the soil erosion amount.
Claims (7)
1. one kind prepares the method for water conservation mixture soil with Anaerobic Fermentation Residues, it is characterized in that through the following step:
Natural pond slag, sawdust, bone meal, earth are mixed, pulverize, in mixture, add again water-holding agent after the swelling, add natural pond liquid again and stir, place normal temperature anaerobic fermentation after 20～30 days, namely obtain the water conservation mixture soil with the Anaerobic Fermentation Residues preparation; Wherein, natural pond slag, sawdust, bone meal, earth, the dried agent of water-holding agent mix by following quality percentage composition: natural pond slag 35%, sawdust 18%, bone meal 5.5%, earth 40%, water-holding agent 1.5%.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described water-holding agent is starch graft acrylic acid type water-holding agent.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the natural pond liquid of described adding is that every kilogram natural pond slag, sawdust, bone meal, earth, water-holding agent done in the mixture of agent and added 300mL.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the granularity of described pulverizing is less than 3mm.
5. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described natural pond slag is the air-dry thing of solid phase of the Anaerobic Fermentation Residues of aerogenesis more than 60 days.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the raw material of described biogas fermentation is human and animal excreta and/or agricultural crop straw.
7. water conservation mixture soil that obtains by the described either method of claim 1～6.
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| CN102612952B (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-10-16 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Environment restoring method for manufacturing ecological crust by adopting anaerobic digestion residuals |
| CN102627500B (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2013-11-27 | 江苏花海农业科技有限公司 | Method for producing ecological environment protection water retention nutrient soil by using lake silt |
| CN106588471A (en) * | 2016-12-11 | 2017-04-26 | 孙祎 | Preparation method of self-soil-loosening type slow-release plant nutrition soil |
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