CN109504394B - Ecological organic composite water-retaining agent, preparation method thereof and water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil - Google Patents
Ecological organic composite water-retaining agent, preparation method thereof and water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological organic composite water-retaining agent, a preparation method thereof and water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil. The ecological organic composite water-retaining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of weathered coal and 10-20 parts of biochar. The ecological organic compound water-retaining agent has the characteristics of high efficiency in water and fertilizer retention and stable performance, realizes resource utilization of waste by utilizing solid waste such as weathered coal and the like, is environment-friendly and reduces the production cost, and in addition, the ecological organic compound water-retaining agent does not cause soil degradation and environmental pollution, is ecological and safe and is environment-friendly. The water and fertilizer retention soil contains the ecological organic composite water retention agent, and has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and high crop yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil water and fertilizer retention, in particular to an ecological organic composite water-retaining agent, a preparation method thereof and water and fertilizer retention soil.
Background
The lack of water resources is a very important problem facing China, the per capita water resource occupation of China only accounts for one fourth of the per capita occupation of the world, the agricultural water consumption of China accounts for 60% of the total water consumption of China, but the water utilization efficiency is very low. In the future, water resource shortage will become one of the important problems hindering the agricultural development in China.
In recent years, it is becoming more common to use water retention agents in agriculture to increase the yield and water utilization efficiency of crops, and water retention agents are high molecular materials capable of absorbing and retaining water and have the performances of enhancing the water and fertilizer retention performance of soil, improving the basic physicochemical properties of soil, improving the structure of soil, promoting the growth and development of crops and increasing the utilization efficiency of fertilizer, so people in agriculture compare it with 'micro reservoirs'.
At present, most of the agricultural water-retaining agents used are synthetic polymerization water-retaining agents, natural polymer modified water-retaining agents and organic and inorganic composite water-retaining agents. Although the synthetic polymeric water-retaining agent has good water absorption performance and high gel strength, the synthetic polymeric water-retaining agent has poor salt tolerance and is not easy to degrade in the later period, and soil degradation and environmental pollution can be caused; although the natural polymer modified water-retaining agent has good salt resistance and is relatively environment-friendly, the used raw materials need to be purified, the preparation process is complex, the cost is high, the stability is poor, and the economic benefit of farmers cannot be obviously improved; the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent has wide raw material sources, is environment-friendly and has relatively low cost, but the existing ubiquitous solid waste resources are not fully utilized, and the product is not necessarily suitable for northern dry land soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent which has the characteristics of water retention, fertilizer retention, ecological safety, high efficiency, solid waste resource utilization, environmental friendliness and the like, can obviously improve the water absorption, water retention and fertilizer retention performances of soil, and can improve the crop yield.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent, the process is simple, and the prepared ecological organic composite water-retaining agent has excellent water absorption, water retention and fertilizer retention performances.
The invention also aims to provide the water and fertilizer retention soil which contains the ecological organic composite water retention agent, has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and high crop yield.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention firstly provides an ecological organic composite water-retaining agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of weathered coal and 10-20 parts of biochar.
Optionally, the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of weathered coal and 10-20 parts of biochar.
Optionally, the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of bone meal, 15 parts of weathered coal and 15 parts of biochar.
Optionally, the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent is in the form of powder, tablets or granules.
Optionally, the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent is in the form of tablets or granules, and further comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-1 part of initiator and 0.1-1 part of cross-linking agent.
Optionally, the initiator comprises one or more of cerium ammonium nitrate, ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate; the cross-linking agent comprises one or more of glycerol and N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent, which comprises the following steps: providing raw material components, wherein the raw material components comprise 40-50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of weathered coal and 10-20 parts of biochar, and uniformly mixing the raw material components to obtain the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent.
Optionally, the preparation method of the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
step 1, providing raw material components, drying and sieving the raw material components;
and 3, mixing the weighed raw material components to fully and uniformly mix the raw material components to obtain the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent.
Optionally, the preparation method of the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent further comprises: 0.1-1 part of initiator and 0.1-1 part of cross-linking agent are added into the raw material components and evenly mixed, and the ecological organic compound water-retaining agent in the form of tablets or granules is prepared by adopting a molding process.
The invention also provides water and fertilizer retaining soil which comprises soil and the ecological organic composite water retaining agent dispersed in the soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the ecological organic compound water-retaining agent has the characteristics of high efficiency in water and fertilizer retention and stable performance, realizes resource utilization of waste by utilizing solid waste such as weathered coal and the like, is environment-friendly and reduces the production cost, and in addition, the ecological organic compound water-retaining agent does not cause soil degradation and environmental pollution, is ecological and safe and is environment-friendly.
(2) The pure water absorption rate of the ecological organic composite water retaining agent can reach 430 times of 280 plus materials, and the tap water absorption rate can reach 360 times of 240 plus materials.
(3) The ecological organic compound water-retaining agent can obviously improve the water storage and retention capacity of the potting soil and the dry matter accumulation amount of the corn in the seedling stage.
(4) The ecological organic composite water-retaining agent can not only obviously improve the water storage capacity of soil in a 0-2m soil layer, reduce the evaporation of soil moisture and improve the utilization efficiency of the moisture, but also promote the microbial activity of the soil and obviously improve the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in microbial biomass.
(5) The ecological organic compound water-retaining agent can obviously improve the grain yield and the biological yield of winter wheat in dry land and obviously improve the economic benefit of wheat.
(6) The ecological organic compound water-retaining agent can obviously improve the mineralization quantity of nitrogen in soil and reduce the apparent loss quantity of nitrogen.
(7) The preparation method of the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent is simple in process, and the prepared ecological organic composite water-retaining agent can obviously improve the water absorption, water retention and fertilizer retention performances of soil and improve the crop yield.
(8) The water and fertilizer retention soil contains the ecological organic composite water retention agent, and has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and high crop yield.
Drawings
To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the soil moisture content of each treated potted corn of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the cumulative amount of dry matter at the seedling stage of corn for each potted corn treated in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The terms as used herein:
"prepared from … …" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
The conjunction "consisting of … …" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, the phrase is intended to claim as closed, meaning that it does not contain materials other than those described, except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of … …" appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims rather than immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when the range "1 ~ 5" is disclosed, the ranges described should be construed to include the ranges "1 ~ 4", "1 ~ 3", "1 ~ 2 and 4 ~ 5", "1 ~ 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.
In these examples, parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
"part by mass" means a basic unit of measure indicating a mass ratio of a plurality of components, and 1 part may represent any unit mass, for example, 1g or 2.689 g. If we say that the part by mass of the component A is a part by mass and the part by mass of the component B is B part by mass, the ratio of the part by mass of the component A to the part by mass of the component B is a: b. alternatively, the mass of the A component is aK and the mass of the B component is bK (K is an arbitrary number, and represents a multiple factor). It is unmistakable that, unlike the parts by mass, the sum of the parts by mass of all the components is not limited to 100 parts.
"and/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the illustrated conditions may occur, e.g., A and/or B includes (A and B) and (A or B);
in addition, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" preceding an element or component of the invention are not intended to limit the number requirement (i.e., the number of occurrences) of the element or component. Thus, "a" or "an" should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular form of an element or component also includes the plural unless the stated number clearly indicates that the singular form is intended.
The invention provides an ecological organic composite water-retaining agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of weathered coal and 10-20 parts of biochar.
The polyacrylamide is a high molecular polymer, can absorb water which is hundreds to thousands of times of the self weight, is nontoxic, harmless and pollution-free, has extremely strong water absorption capacity, extremely high water retention capacity and longer service life, and can maintain the water storage and moisture retention capacity in soil for about 4 years.
The bentonite has strong hygroscopicity and expansibility, can absorb water with volume 8-15 times of that of the bentonite, has volume expansion of several times to 30 times, has strong cation exchange capacity, has certain adsorption capacity on various gases, liquids and organic substances, has maximum adsorption capacity of 5 times of the weight of the bentonite, and has the first storage capacity of the bentonite in China, complete types and wide distribution.
The bone meal is a powdery fertilizer prepared from animal bones as raw materials, the main components of the powdery fertilizer comprise tricalcium phosphate, bone glue and fat, and the treated bone meal contains rich mineral nutrient elements such as phosphorus and the like which are easily absorbed and utilized by plants.
The weathered coal is industrial solid waste with large discharge amount in China, is generally buried or stacked in the open at present, and has high yield and low comprehensive utilization rate, so that the weathered coal not only causes pollution to the environment, but also belongs to waste of resources. The weathered coal has high organic matter content (up to 90 percent), large specific surface area of particles, high adsorption activity, high porosity of 50 to 80 percent and strong water absorption, and can reduce leaching loss risk of mineral nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in soil besides providing nutrient elements necessary for crops.
The biochar is a solid product generated by thermally cracking the corn straws at high temperature in an anoxic or anaerobic environment, can improve the physicochemical properties of soil (improve the pH value, the organic carbon content, the cation exchange capacity and the like of the soil), promote the growth of functional groups of fungi and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, improve the soil fertility, increase the crop yield, fix or adsorb mineral nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like and pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides and the like, can reduce the leaching loss risk of the mineral nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the soil, and can reduce the toxicity of the heavy metals of the soil to plants and the like.
Preferably, the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of weathered coal and 10-20 parts of biochar.
The results of indoor water absorption tests and pot experiments show that the pure water absorption rate of the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent with the optimal proportion can reach 280-430 times, so that the soil moisture content of the pot soil can be obviously improved, the water content of the soil can be improved, the growth and development of the pot corn can be promoted, and the accumulated amount of dry matters on the ground can be increased. The water content and the dry matter accumulation of the soil containing the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent with the optimal proportion are respectively improved by 50.6-72.7% and 39.9-56.9% compared with the blank control.
Most preferably, the ecological organic composite water retention agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of bone meal, 15 parts of weathered coal and 15 parts of biochar.
The pure water absorption rate of the most preferred proportion ecological organic compound water-retaining agent can reach 430 times, and the water content and the dry matter accumulation of the potting soil can be respectively improved by 72.7 percent and 56.9 percent compared with a blank control; in addition, the method can also obviously improve the soil water storage capacity of a 0-2m soil layer of the dry land wheat field, the contents of microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and the economic yield of wheat, reduce the apparent loss rate of nitrogen and increase the mineralization quantity of nitrogen. The water storage capacity of the soil in the harvest period is increased by 16.8 percent compared with that of the film coating control treatment; the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the microorganisms are respectively increased by 67.2%, 67.8% and 23.5% compared with the control; the grain yield and the biological yield are respectively increased by 11.1 percent and 16 percent compared with the control treatment; the apparent loss of nitrogen is reduced by 86.2kg/hm compared with the control2(ii) a The mineralization quantity of the nitrogen is improved by 115 percent compared with the control.
Specifically, the form of the ecological organic composite water retention agent of the invention can be powder, tablets or granules.
When the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent is in the form of tablets or granules, the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent further comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-1 part of initiator and 0.1-1 part of cross-linking agent.
Optionally, the initiator comprises one or more of cerium ammonium nitrate, ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate.
Optionally, the cross-linking agent comprises one or more of glycerol and N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide.
In general, the advantages of the ecological organic composite water retention agent of the invention include:
(1) the ecological organic compound water-retaining agent has the characteristics of high efficiency in water and fertilizer retention and stable performance, realizes resource utilization of waste by utilizing solid waste such as weathered coal and the like, is environment-friendly and reduces the production cost, and in addition, the ecological organic compound water-retaining agent does not cause soil degradation and environmental pollution, is ecological and safe and is environment-friendly.
(2) The pure water absorption rate of the ecological organic composite water retaining agent can reach 430 times of 280 plus materials, and the tap water absorption rate can reach 360 times of 240 plus materials.
(3) The ecological organic compound water-retaining agent can obviously improve the water storage and retention capacity of the potting soil and the dry matter accumulation amount of the corn in the seedling stage. Wherein, the water content of the potting soil can be improved by 50.6 to 72.7 percent compared with a blank control, the dry matter accumulation amount of the corn seedling stage is improved by 39.9 to 56.9 percent compared with the blank control, and the effect is more obvious along with the increase of the application amount of the ecological organic type composite water-retaining agent.
(4) The ecological organic composite water-retaining agent can not only obviously improve the water storage capacity of soil in a 0-2m soil layer, reduce the evaporation of soil moisture and improve the utilization efficiency of the moisture, but also promote the microbial activity of the soil and obviously improve the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in microbial biomass. Wherein, the water storage capacity of the soil in the harvest period of the winter wheat is increased by 16.8 percent compared with that of the mulching film contrast treatment; the water utilization efficiency is respectively improved by 19.8 percent and 30 percent compared with the control treatment and the laminating control treatment; the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the microbial biomass are respectively increased by 67.2 percent, 67.8 percent and 23.5 percent compared with the control.
(5) The ecological organic compound water-retaining agent can obviously improve the grain yield and the biological yield of winter wheat in dry land and obviously improve the economic benefit of wheat. Wherein, the grain yield and the biological yield are respectively increased by 11.1 percent and 16 percent compared with the control treatment.
(6) The ecological organic compound water-retaining agent can obviously improve the mineralization quantity of nitrogen in soil and reduce the apparent loss quantity of nitrogen. Wherein, the mineralization quantity of the nitrogen is improved by 115 percent compared with the control; the apparent loss of nitrogen is reduced by 86.2kg/hm compared with the control2。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent, which comprises the following steps: providing raw material components, wherein the raw material components comprise 40-50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of weathered coal and 10-20 parts of biochar, and uniformly mixing the raw material components to obtain the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent.
When preparing the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent in the form of tablets or granules, the preparation method of the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent further comprises the following steps: 0.1-1 part of initiator and 0.1-1 part of cross-linking agent are added into the raw material components and evenly mixed, and the ecological organic compound water-retaining agent in the form of tablets or granules is prepared by adopting a molding process.
Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the ecological organic composite water retention agent includes the following steps:
step 1, providing raw material components, drying and sieving the raw material components;
and 3, mixing the weighed raw material components to fully and uniformly mix the raw material components to obtain the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent.
Specifically, in the step 1, the aperture of the screen used for sieving each raw material component is 0.8-1.2mm, preferably 1 mm.
When preparing the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent in the form of tablets or granules, the preparation method of the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent further comprises the following steps: and (3) adding an initiator and a cross-linking agent in the mixing process of the raw material components in the step (3), uniformly mixing, and preparing the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent in a tablet or particle form by adopting a forming process.
Furthermore, the invention also provides water and fertilizer retaining soil which comprises soil and the ecological organic composite water retaining agent dispersed in the soil, and the water and fertilizer retaining soil has strong water and fertilizer retaining capacity and high crop yield.
In particular, the soil may be any type of soil that is available.
Specifically, in the water and fertilizer retention soil, the mass ratio of the ecological organic composite water retention agent to dry matters in the soil is 0.05-0.2g:1kg, and preferably 0.1g:1 kg.
The ecological organic composite water retention agent and the technical effects thereof of the present invention will be described in detail in the following with specific examples.
Example 1
The ecological organic composite water-retaining agent selected in this embodiment 1 includes: 40-50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of weathered coal and 10-20 parts of biochar.
The test is a pot experiment, the test site is arranged at a resource environment institute test station of Shanxi agricultural university, the soil to be tested is collected from 0-20cm of soil of the resource environment institute test station base of Shanxi agricultural university, and the soil to be tested is calcareous brown soil which is naturally air-dried for later use; the crop to be tested is corn, and the variety is Xiuyu 335.
The experiment was conducted with 5 treatments, Control (CK), ratio 1, ratio 2, ratio 3 and ratio 4. The mixture ratio 1, the mixture ratio 2, the mixture ratio 3 and the mixture ratio 4 respectively represent 4 ecological organic composite water-retaining agents with different mixture ratios. Each treatment is repeated for three times, a container used for potting is a plastic barrel with the diameter of 50cm and the depth of 40cm, soil, a water-retaining agent and urea are fully and uniformly mixed and then are filled into the plastic barrel, each plastic barrel is filled with 10kg of air-dried soil, the application amount of the urea in each plastic barrel is 0.1g/kg of air-dried soil, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are not applied, the application amount of the ecological organic compound water-retaining agent in each plastic barrel is 0.1g/kg of air-dried soil, during the test period, the irrigation of each potting is simultaneously equivalent, and the component proportion of each treatment is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 component ratios for the treatments
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the soil moisture content of each treated potted corn. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the soil moisture content of each treated potted corn is significantly higher than that of CK, and is increased by 50.6% -72.7% (P <0.05), and the difference reaches a significant level. The water content of the soil in the proportion 3 and the proportion 4 is obviously higher than that of CK and the proportion 1 and the proportion 2, wherein the water content of the soil in the proportion 4 is improved by 72.7 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with that of CK, the water content of the soil in the proportion 1 and the proportion 2 is respectively improved by 14.2 percent (P is less than 0.05) and 14.7 percent (P is less than 0.05), the difference reaches an obvious level, the difference between the difference and the proportion 3 is not obvious, but can be improved by 2.7 percent. The water retention capacity of the mixture ratio 4 is superior to that of other mixture ratios.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the cumulative amount of dry matter at the corn seedling stage for each treated potted corn. The result shows that the dry matter accumulation of each potted corn seedling stage is obviously higher than CK, is increased by 29.9-56.9% (P is less than 0.05) compared with CK, and the difference reaches an obvious level. The accumulated amount of dry matter of the mixture ratio 4 is improved by 56.9 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with CK, and is respectively improved by 14.2 percent (P is less than 0.05), 10.5 percent (P is less than 0.05) and 20.8 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the mixture ratios 1, 2 and 3, and the difference reaches a remarkable level. The proportion 4 is shown to remarkably improve the dry matter accumulation amount of the corn in the seedling stage compared with other proportions.
Example 2
The test is a field application test, the test is carried out in a wheat field (long-term positioning test area) in a dry area of Liu Jia Zhen Dong Liang village in Hongkong county of Hongkong city, Shanxi province, the test time is 9-2015.9-2014, the test area is positioned at 36o3 'in the northern latitude, 117o7' in the east longitude, the area belongs to a continental season climate in a warm zone, the annual average temperature is 12-13 ℃, the rainfall capacity of winter wheat in the current year in the leisure period (6-9 months) is 413.3mm, and the rainfall capacity in the growth period is 95.9 mm. The soil to be tested is calcareous brown soil and the texture is medium loam.
The experiment is designed with 3 treatments, 4 times of repetition, and the cell area is 170-470m2And the random block arrangement design is adopted. The 3 treatments were: the method comprises the following steps of contrast treatment, film covering contrast treatment and the treatment of the invention, wherein the three steps are planting of winter wheat under the condition of equal fertilization. Wherein, the treatment of the invention refers to the treatment of adding the ecological organic type composite water-retaining agent of the invention into soil, and the ecological organic type composite water-retaining agent comprises: 50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of bone meal, 15 parts of weathered coal and 15 parts of biochar.
The grain yield, the biological yield and the harvest index of each processed winter wheat are shown in table 2, and it can be seen that the grain yield and the biological yield of the winter wheat can be obviously improved by the processing of the invention, the grain yield and the biological yield are respectively improved by 11.1% (P <0.05) and 16% (P <0.05) compared with the control processing, and the difference reaches an obvious level, and compared with the film covering control processing, the difference is improved to a certain extent, but is not obvious. The method can obviously improve the yield of winter wheat, and has higher popularization value than the film covering treatment from the environmental protection perspective.
TABLE 2 grain yield, biological yield and harvest index for each treatment of winter wheat
Table 3 shows the water utilization efficiency of each treated winter wheat, and it can be seen that there is no significant difference in water storage capacity of 0-2m before sowing in each treatment, the water consumption in one growing season of the winter wheat is increased, local rainfall in the growth period of the winter wheat is less, and the water storage capacity of 0-2m in the soil after harvesting is greatly reduced. After harvesting, the water storage capacity of 0-2m of the soil treated by the invention is increased by 16.8 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with that of the film-coated control treatment, and the difference reaches a significant level, is not significant compared with the control treatment, but can still be increased by 5.9 percent. The invention can effectively store soil moisture and water and reduce ineffective evaporation of soil moisture. In addition, the water utilization efficiency of the treatment of the invention is respectively improved by 19.8 percent (P is less than 0.05) and 30 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control treatment and the film covering control treatment, and the difference reaches a significant level. The ecological organic composite water-retaining agent can effectively improve the water utilization efficiency of the dry land soil, thereby achieving the purpose of high yield of the wheat in the dry land.
TABLE 3 moisture utilization of the treated wheat
Table 4 shows the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the microbial biomass of the plough layer soil in the harvest stage of each treated wheat, and it can be seen that the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the microbial biomass of the winter wheat in the harvest stage of the treated winter wheat are respectively increased by 67.2%, 67.8% and 23.5% (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control, and the differences all reach significant levels, but the differences with the control treatment of the mulching film are not significant. The invention can provide good hydrothermal condition for the growth and development of winter wheat as the control treatment of the film covering, is beneficial to the propagation and growth and development of surface soil microorganisms, and promotes the decomposition and mineralization of soil organic matters and organic phosphorus in soil, thereby improving the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the biomass of soil microorganisms.
TABLE 4 content of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in microbial biomass of plough layer soil in harvest stage of wheat treated in each treatment
Table 5 shows the nitrogen balance in the soil layer of 2m in the growth period of each treated wheat, and as can be seen from table 5, the mineralized nitrogen treated by the method of the present invention is increased by 115.0% (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control treatment, and the difference reaches a significant level, and is not significant compared with the film-covering control treatment, but can still be increased by 9.0%; the apparent loss of nitrogen treated by the invention is reduced by 86.2kg/hm compared with that treated by a contrast agent2And the difference reaches a significant level, and is not significant compared with the film covering control treatment, but can still reduce 1.4kg/hm2. The invention can effectively regulate soil environment, improve the mineralization capability of nitrogen, reduce the volatilization of ammonia and the leaching risk of nitrogen, and further improve the crop yield.
TABLE 5 Nitrogen balance in soil layer 2m during the whole growth period of each treated wheat
The ecological organic composite water retention agent can improve the water absorption, water retention and fertilizer retention performances of soil, reduce the evaporation of water in dry-land wheat fields, has good promotion effect on the growth and development of winter wheat in the whole growth period, can improve the mineralization quantity of soil nitrogen, reduce the loss of soil nitrogen, improve the water utilization efficiency of the soil, increase the economic yield of the dry-land winter wheat, is a dry-land water retention yield increase technology which is not inferior to film mulching contrast planting, and is suitable for popularization and application in dry highland wheat areas in China.
In examples 1 and 2 above, the figures and the letters a, b, c appearing in the tables reflect a 5% significance level between treatments.
Since the numerical ranges of the various process parameters involved in the present invention are not necessarily all represented in the above examples, one skilled in the art can fully envision that the present invention can be practiced with any number falling within the above numerical ranges, including any combination of specific values within the numerical ranges. Here, for the sake of brevity, the embodiment giving specific values in a certain numerical range or ranges is omitted, and this should not be construed as an insufficient disclosure of the technical solution of the present invention.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples to show the detailed process equipment and process flow of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed process equipment and process flow, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above detailed process equipment and process flow to be implemented. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent replacement of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An ecological organic composite water-retaining agent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of bone meal, 15 parts of weathered coal and 15 parts of biochar.
2. The eco-organic composite water retaining agent according to claim 1, wherein the form of the eco-organic composite water retaining agent is powder, tablet or granule.
3. The ecological organic composite water-retaining agent according to claim 2, wherein the form of the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent is tablet or granule, and the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent further comprises the following components and parts by weight thereof: 0.1-1 part of initiator and 0.1-1 part of cross-linking agent.
4. The eco-organic type composite water retention agent according to claim 3, wherein the initiator comprises one or more of cerium ammonium nitrate, ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate; the cross-linking agent comprises one or more of glycerol and N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide.
5. A preparation method of an ecological organic composite water-retaining agent is characterized by comprising the following steps: providing raw material components, wherein the raw material components comprise 40-50 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 10-20 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of weathered coal and 10-20 parts of biochar, and uniformly mixing the raw material components to obtain the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent.
6. The preparation method of the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
step 1, providing raw material components, drying and sieving the raw material components;
step 2, accurately weighing the raw material components according to the mixture ratio of the raw material components;
and 3, mixing the weighed raw material components to fully and uniformly mix the raw material components to obtain the ecological organic composite water-retaining agent.
7. The method for preparing ecological organic composite water-retaining agent according to claim 5, wherein the method for preparing ecological organic composite water-retaining agent further comprises: 0.1-1 part of initiator and 0.1-1 part of cross-linking agent are added into the raw material components and evenly mixed, and the ecological organic compound water-retaining agent in the form of tablets or granules is prepared by adopting a molding process.
8. A water and fertilizer retaining soil comprising a soil and the eco-organic type composite water retaining agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 dispersed in the soil.
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| CN111234833B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-05-28 | 华中农业大学 | Saline-alkali soil water-retention granules and preparation method thereof |
| CN113046091A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-29 | 铜仁学院 | Biochar-based passivator for acid soil remediation and preparation method thereof |
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