CN102531756A - Organic fertilizer produced by comprehensively utilizing straw, and preparation method for organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Organic fertilizer produced by comprehensively utilizing straw, and preparation method for organic fertilizer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102531756A
CN102531756A CN2012100673939A CN201210067393A CN102531756A CN 102531756 A CN102531756 A CN 102531756A CN 2012100673939 A CN2012100673939 A CN 2012100673939A CN 201210067393 A CN201210067393 A CN 201210067393A CN 102531756 A CN102531756 A CN 102531756A
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fertilizer
stalk
thoroughly decomposed
mikrobe
fowl
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文贻荣
黄生博
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Department Of Agriculture Co Ltd In Hunan Province
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Department Of Agriculture Co Ltd In Hunan Province
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Abstract

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer produced by comprehensively utilizing straw, and a preparation method for the organic fertilizer, and relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers. The organic fertilizer is prepared from composted straw, 34 to 44 parts of rice hulls, 20 to 30 parts of composted animal dung, 10 to 15 parts of potassium chloride, 10 to 15 parts of humic acid, 0.4 to 0.6 part of medium and trace elements, 0.4 to 0.6 part of microorganism, 10 to 15 parts of calcium superphosphate and 5 to 10 parts of ammonium chloride through mixing and granulating. The organic fertilizer has the characteristics of low production cost, high bioactivity, high fertilizer efficiency, wide sources of raw materials and the like, can serve as a fertilizer for rice and a fertilizer for dry crops, vegetables, melons, fruits and fruit trees, and also can serve as a fertilizer for flowers.

Description

Fertilizer that a kind of stalk comprehensive utilization is produced and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural fertilizer technical field, fertilizer that particularly a kind of stalk comprehensive utilization is produced and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
At present, China's agricultural environment pollution is more and more serious, the serious threat human beings'health.The one, the husk after agricultural crop straw, the paddy processing is burned by a large amount of; Although national departments concerned repeatedly hereinafter is forbidden crop straw burning, husk; But because stalk, the husk purposes in rural area are limited; So tired prohibit incessantly, annual still have a large amount of stalks, husk to be burned, severe contamination atmospheric environment.The 2nd, undressed fowl and animal excrement enters rivers and lakes arbitrarily, causes water quality dirty, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) load increases, and threatens the existence of fish, shellfish and algae; Simultaneously, agricultural wastes pollute irrigation water, make ammonia nitrogen and protein nitrogen content in the water too high, produce excessive nitrate accumulating in the underground storage layer, the damage to crops growth, and multiply a large amount of flies and other insects, serious harm human health.The 3rd, China's plant husbandry is because excessive use chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals for these years, causes soil compaction, soil fertility to descend, disease and pest is rampant, agricultural environment is polluted.How fully utilizing stalk, husk, fowl and animal excrement, turn waste into wealth, is the common difficult problem of paying close attention to of current fertilizer production and environmental protection industry.In recent years, some fertiliser prodn enterprises begin to utilize stalk, paddy exploitation fertilizer, and after this type fertilizer was used, great number of organic matters both can effectively be improved the soil, and avoid the peasant excessively to use chemical fertilizer and cause soil compaction, can improve agricultural environment pollution again.Like the disclosed a kind of biological organic complex fertilizer of Chinese patent (application number is 02114567.9) " cornstalk biological organic fertilizer ", its proportioning is a corn straw grass meal 30~70%; The peat composed of rotten mosses 20~9%; Manure of livestock and poultry 16~7%; Rice bran 23~6%; Bone meal 2~3%; Brown sugar 0.3~2%; Vitamin H 0.8~2%; Trace element 0.5~1%.The production technique of cornstalk biological organic fertilizer is: earlier with corn straw squeeze silk a pulverizings → raw materials mix → inoculation → temperature and humidity control ferment → 60 spend about oven dry → interpolation nutrient substance recombiner → mix → pack.Corn stalk biological organic fertilizer main raw wide material sources, production cost is low, the residue of degradable agricultural chemicals; And have improve crop yield, improve quality of agricultural product, sample, enhance disease resistance, resistance and increase soil fertility, improve the effect of soil aggregate.And for example Chinese patent (application number is 200610017339.8) " straw biological organic manure and working method thereof " disclosed a kind of straw biological organic manure and working method thereof can effectively solve the making full use of of straw, infertile field and farm crop good harvest problem, and the technical scheme of its solution is; Employing is formed organic material by straw powder, ight soil, page rock mineral powder, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, assorted cake, bran powder, urea and auxiliary material and is mixed with the composite enzyme bacterium nutritive medium and processes, and its working method is that crop stalk adds ight soil, page rock mineral powder, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, assorted cake, bran powder, urea and auxiliary material through pulverizing the back; Mix with composite enzyme bacterium liquid again; Fermentation then, through fermentative deodorizing, remove poison after, carry out granulation, oven dry, screening after, finished product packing is for use; Product application effect of the present invention is good; Working method is simple, aboundresources, is widely used the green ecological environmental protection; Be beneficial to the good harvest of farm crop high yield, its develop and spread has been opened up wide prospect for the crop stalk utilization.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of production cost is lower, biological activity is strong, fertilizer efficiency is high, raw material sources organic fertilizer widely, and its preparation method is provided.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention taked is the fertilizer that a kind of stalk comprehensive utilization of invention is produced, and is that the preparation of raw material by following weight part forms:
Fowl and animal excrement 20-30 after stalk after becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk 34-44 become thoroughly decomposed
Repone K 10-15 humic acids 10-15
In micro-0.4-0.6 mikrobe 0.4-0.6
Superphosphate of lime 10-15 ammonium chloride 5-10;
Stalk, rice husk after described the becoming thoroughly decomposed comprise: agricultural crop straws such as the straw behind the methane-generating pit fermentation maturity, corn ear, tobacco rod, bamboo wood flaw-piece, rice husk and other plant refuse a kind of or two kinds are multiple or whole; Weight proportion between its each material can be single-candidate, also can be other ratio;
Fowl and animal excrement after described the becoming thoroughly decomposed comprises: a kind of in the pig manure behind the methane-generating pit fermentation maturity, cow dung, chicken manure, the duck excrement etc. or two kinds are multiple or whole, and the weight proportion between its each material can be single-candidate, also can be other ratio;
Trace element comprises in described: a kind of in calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, zinc, boron, manganese, copper, chlorine, molybdenum, the nickel or two kinds are multiple or whole, and the weight proportion between its each element can be single-candidate, also can be other ratio;
Described mikrobe comprises: a kind of in vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, genus bacillus, actinomyces 5406, the yeast or two kinds are multiple or whole, and the weight proportion between its each bacterial classification can be single-candidate, also can be other ratio.
The technical scheme one of its optimization is that the preparation of raw material by following weight part forms:
Fowl and animal excrement 30 after stalk after becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk 34 become thoroughly decomposed
Repone K 15 humic acidss 10
In micro-0.4 mikrobe 0.6
Superphosphate of lime 10 ammonium chlorides 10.
The technical scheme two of its optimization is that the preparation of raw material by following weight part forms:
Fowl and animal excrement 20 after stalk after becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk 44 become thoroughly decomposed
Repone K 10 humic acidss 15
In micro-0.6 mikrobe 0.4
Superphosphate of lime 15 ammonium chlorides 5.
The technical scheme three of its optimization is that the preparation of raw material by following weight part forms:
Fowl and animal excrement 25 after stalk after becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk 39 become thoroughly decomposed
Repone K 10 humic acidss 10
In micro-0.6 mikrobe 0.4
Superphosphate of lime 15 ammonium chlorides 10.
Simultaneously, provide the preparation method of above-mentioned stalk fertilizer following:
At first, mikrobe is cultivated (comprising test tube cultivation and fermentor tank enlarged culturing) respectively, become the mikrobe raw material, subsequent use;
Secondly, the stalk after will becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk oven dry (heat energy that utilizes biological fermentation to produce), pulverizing, screening, granularity is less than 0.18mm, and is subsequent use;
The 3rd, the fowl and animal excrement oven dry (heat energy that utilizes biological fermentation to produce) after will becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing, screening, granularity is less than 0.18mm, and is subsequent use;
The 4th, potassium chloride, superphosphate of lime, ammonium chloride, humic acids and middle trace element, subsequent use;
The 5th; Get stalk, rice husk, fowl and animal excrement, mikrobe raw material and Repone K, superphosphate of lime, ammonium chloride, humic acids and middle trace element after above-mentioned subsequent use the becoming thoroughly decomposed by weight, mix, according to conventional extrusion process compound fertilizer production method; Carry out granulation, pack then.
The fertilizer that stalk comprehensive utilization of the present invention is produced; With the stalk after becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk is carrier, adds fowl and animal excrement and N, P, K chemical fertilizer nutrient and middle trace element, humic acids etc. after becoming thoroughly decomposed, and selects for use vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, genus bacillus, actinomyces 5406, the yeast that can friendly get along to constitute microorganism species; Through mixing; Granulation processing, the organic fertilizer of processing has environmentally friendly characteristics.Its product can produce multiple catalytically decomposed enzyme and CEC, UGF somatomedin, useful microbe colony such as inducing anti-disease factor, soil activating cytokine; At culture fertility, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, improve quality of agricultural product, enhancement of plant disease and insect resistance and drought-resistant ability, inhibition farm crop have better action to the aspects such as absorption, purification and rehabilitating soil of objectionable impuritiess such as heavy metal and agricultural chemicals, and than on the market the fertilizer 15-20% that reduces production costs.The fertilizer that stalk comprehensive utilization of the present invention is produced is compared with existing organic fertilizer, has following advantage:
The one, production cost significantly reduces.Raw material in the organic fertilizer formula that stalk comprehensive utilization of the present invention is produced is not selected high price raw materials such as urea, monoammonium phosphate for use; But added the fowl and animal excrement after becoming thoroughly decomposed; Production cost ratio fertilizer on the market reduces manufacturing cost 15-20% under the prerequisite that guarantees fertilizer quality, has practiced thrift the peasants'production cost.
The 2nd, the biological bacteria activity is stronger, and fertilizer efficiency is higher.The fertilizer that stalk comprehensive utilization of the present invention is produced selects for use vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, genus bacillus, actinomyces 5406, the yeast that can friendly get along to constitute microorganism species; And interpolation inorganic fertilizer and middle trace element; Make its improve soil physico-chemical property, culture fertility, raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, improve quality of agricultural product, enhancement of plant disease and insect resistance and drought-resistant ability, the inhibition farm crop are further promoted on to performance such as aspect absorption, purification and the rehabilitating soil of objectionable impuritiess such as heavy metal and agricultural chemicals; Got rid of the mutual antagonism between inorganic fertilizer, middle trace element and the mikrobe simultaneously; Bring into play effect reciprocal between inorganic fertilizer and the mikrobe, collaborative, that strengthen better; The N, P, K, the middle trace element that make available N, P, K, middle trace element and imitate late obtain than good utilisation in the process of growth of crop; Reach the effect that crop yield increases income, promote the economic benefit of agricultural-food.Because stalk, rice husk and fowl and animal excrement after becoming thoroughly decomposed have passed through biological fermentation, and have added multiple effective bacterium, extrusion process production is adopted in granulation in addition, so many, the active height of bacterial classification in the fertilizer, efficient hardening fertilizer efficiency.
The 3rd, added fowl and animal excrement, fertilizer efficiency is higher.The fertilizer that stalk comprehensive utilization of the present invention is produced has added the fowl and animal excrement after becoming thoroughly decomposed; Significantly improved the organic content of fertilizer; Use resistance, the physicochemical character of improving the soil that fertilizer that stalk of the present invention comprehensive utilization produces can reduce the output that chemical fertilizer used, increased crop, the quality that improves agricultural-food, enhancing crop, prevent hardening, shorten the crop growth phase, improving the nutritional condition of crop of soil; Promote that crop root is flourishing and improve rate of photosynthisis; Reach few usefulness or without chemical pesticide, reduce environmental pollution, also play good keep a full stand of seedings, effect such as disease-resistant, insect protected, make friend's peasant increasing both production and income.
The 4th, raw material sources are extensive.Main raw material in the fertilizer that stalk comprehensive utilization of the present invention is produced is stalk, husk, fowl and animal excrement after becoming thoroughly decomposed; These raw material sources very extensively; The a large amount of crop straw burnings in rural area, rice husk both can have been solved, problem of environment pollution caused, the variable again useless resource that is; Remedy the deficiency of existing fertilizer, for agriculture prodn provides environment-friendly and green fertilizer.
The fertilizer that stalk comprehensive utilization of the present invention is produced; Its fertilizer efficiency very significantly; 2010 in the Hunan Province test of ground such as Yongzhou City Dongan County, Lengshuitan District shows; After using the fertilizer of stalk comprehensive utilization production of the present invention, soil with organic matter content significantly increases, and various crop yields obviously improve.On average increasing production 8-12%, corn like paddy rice on average increases production 10-15%, oranges and tangerines and on average increases production 15-20%, vegetables and on average increase production crops such as 20-30%, other yams, melon and fruit and also on average increase production between 15-30%; The agricultural product quality and safety level generally reaches the green food requirement, lets the peasant of local reception test taste increasing both production and income synergic sweet taste.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.Following explanation is to adopt the mode of giving an example, but protection scope of the present invention should not be limited to this.
Embodiment one:
At first, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, genus bacillus, actinomyces 5406, yeast are cultivated (comprising test tube cultivation and fermentor tank enlarged culturing) respectively, become the mikrobe raw material, subsequent use;
Secondly, the heat energy oven dry that the stalk after will becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk (following embodiment therewith roughly the same) produce through biological fermentation (because temperature is suitable, thereby, can not kill the mikrobe in the slag of natural pond), pulverize, screening, granularity is less than 0.18mm, and is subsequent use;
The 3rd, heat energy oven dry, pulverizing, screening that the fowl and animal excrement after will becoming thoroughly decomposed produces through biological fermentation, granularity is less than 0.18mm, and is subsequent use;
The 4th; Get 34 parts on stalk, rice husk after above-mentioned subsequent use the becoming thoroughly decomposed by weight, [present embodiment adopts vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, genus bacillus, actinomyces 5406, each equal portions of yeast, also can adopt other ratio for 30 parts of fowl and animal excrements, mikrobe after becoming thoroughly decomposed; Perhaps adopt wherein a kind of bacterium or two kinds of bacterium or three kinds of bacterium or four kinds of bacterium; Below embodiment therewith roughly the same] 0.6 part, Repone K [contain potassium (K 2O) amount 57%] 15 parts, 10 parts of humic acidss, [present embodiment adopts calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, zinc, boron, manganese, copper, chlorine, molybdenum, each equal portions of nickel to middle trace element, also can adopt other ratio; Perhaps adopt wherein a kind of element or two kinds of elements or three kinds of elements or four kinds of elements etc.; Below embodiment therewith roughly the same] 0.4 part, superphosphate of lime [phosphorous (P 2O 5) 16%] 10 parts, ammonium chloride [nitrogen content 23.5%] mix for 10 parts, according to conventional extrusion process compound fertilizer production method, carry out granulation, packing then.
The fertilizer that the stalk comprehensive utilization of present embodiment is produced has following physical and chemical index:
(1) effective active bacterium>more than 0.8 hundred million/g;
(2) assorted bacterium rate<15%;
(3) moisture content 20-25%;
(4) organic>30%;
(5) nitrogen+phosphorus+potassium >=10%;
(6) humic acid >=10%;
(7) potential of hydrogen (PH) value 6.2-7.5;
(8) screenings 0.18mm, particle<20%
(9) be rich in multiple middle trace element, validity period 24 months.
Product meets the agricultural industry criteria (NY 884-2004) that the agricultural industry NY/T 394-2000 of the People's Republic of China green fertilizer uses standard and biological organic fertilizer.
Embodiment two:
At first, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, genus bacillus, actinomyces 5406, yeast are cultivated (comprising test tube cultivation and fermentor tank enlarged culturing) respectively, become the mikrobe raw material, subsequent use;
Secondly, heat energy oven dry, pulverizing, screening that the stalk after will becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk produce through biological fermentation, granularity is less than 0.18mm, and is subsequent use;
The 3rd, heat energy oven dry, pulverizing, screening that the fowl and animal excrement after will becoming thoroughly decomposed produces through biological fermentation, granularity is less than 0.18mm, and is subsequent use;
The 4th, get 44 parts on stalk, rice husk after above-mentioned subsequent use the becoming thoroughly decomposed by weight, 20 parts of fowl and animal excrements, 0.4 part in mikrobe [present embodiment adopts vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, genus bacillus, actinomyces 5406, each equal portions of yeast], Repone K after becoming thoroughly decomposed [contains potassium (K 2O) amount 57%] 10 parts, 15 parts of humic acidss, 0.6 part of middle trace element [present embodiment adopts calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, zinc, boron, manganese, copper, chlorine, molybdenum, each equal portions of nickel], superphosphate of lime [phosphorous (P 2O 5) 16%] 15 parts, ammonium chloride [nitrogen content 23.5%] mix for 5 parts, according to conventional extrusion process compound fertilizer production method, carry out granulation, packing then.
Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three:
At first, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, genus bacillus, actinomyces 5406, yeast are cultivated (comprising test tube cultivation and fermentor tank enlarged culturing) respectively, become the mikrobe raw material, subsequent use;
Secondly, heat energy oven dry, pulverizing, screening that the stalk after will becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk produce through biological fermentation, granularity is less than 0.18mm, and is subsequent use;
The 3rd, heat energy oven dry, pulverizing, screening that the fowl and animal excrement after will becoming thoroughly decomposed produces through biological fermentation, granularity is less than 0.18mm, and is subsequent use;
The 4th, get 39 parts on stalk, rice husk after above-mentioned subsequent use the becoming thoroughly decomposed by weight, 25 parts of fowl and animal excrements, 0.4 part in mikrobe [present embodiment adopts vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, genus bacillus, actinomyces 5406, each equal portions of yeast], Repone K after becoming thoroughly decomposed [contains potassium (K 2O) amount 57%] 10 parts, 10 parts of humic acidss, 0.6 part of middle trace element [present embodiment adopts calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, zinc, boron, manganese, copper, chlorine, molybdenum, each equal portions of nickel], superphosphate of lime [phosphorous (P 2O 5) 16%] 15 parts, ammonium chloride [nitrogen content 23.5%] mix for 10 parts, according to conventional extrusion process compound fertilizer production method, carry out granulation, packing then.
Other is identical with embodiment one.
The fertilizer that stalk comprehensive utilization of the present invention is produced both can be used as paddy rice fertilizer, also can be used as non-irrigated grain and vegetables, melon and fruit and fruit tree fertilizer, also can be used as flower fertilizer.

Claims (5)

1. the fertilizer produced of stalk comprehensive utilization is characterized in that it being that preparation of raw material by following weight part forms:
Fowl and animal excrement 20-30 after stalk after becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk 34-44 become thoroughly decomposed
Repone K 10-15 humic acids 10-15
In micro-0.4-0.6 mikrobe 0.4-0.6
Superphosphate of lime 10-15 ammonium chloride 5-10;
Stalk, rice husk after described the becoming thoroughly decomposed comprise: agricultural crop straws such as the straw behind the methane-generating pit fermentation maturity, corn ear, tobacco rod, bamboo wood flaw-piece, rice husk and other plant refuse a kind of or two kinds are multiple or whole; Weight proportion between its each material can be single-candidate, also can be other ratio;
Fowl and animal excrement after described the becoming thoroughly decomposed comprises: a kind of in the pig manure behind the methane-generating pit fermentation maturity, cow dung, chicken manure, the duck excrement etc. or two kinds are multiple or whole, and the weight proportion between its each material can be single-candidate, also can be other ratio;
Trace element comprises in described: a kind of in calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, zinc, boron, manganese, copper, chlorine, molybdenum, the nickel or two kinds are multiple or whole, and the weight proportion between its each element can be single-candidate, also can be other ratio;
Described mikrobe comprises: a kind of in vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, genus bacillus, actinomyces 5406, the yeast or two kinds are multiple or whole, and the weight proportion between its each bacterial classification can be single-candidate, also can be other ratio.
2. the fertilizer that comprehensive utilization is produced according to the said stalk of claim 1 is characterized in that it being that preparation of raw material by following weight part forms:
Fowl and animal excrement 30 after stalk after becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk 34 become thoroughly decomposed
Repone K 15 humic acidss 10
In micro-0.4 mikrobe 0.6
Superphosphate of lime 10 ammonium chlorides 10.
3. the fertilizer that comprehensive utilization is produced according to the said stalk of claim 1 is characterized in that it being that preparation of raw material by following weight part forms:
Fowl and animal excrement 20 after stalk after becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk 44 become thoroughly decomposed
Repone K 10 humic acidss 15
In micro-0.6 mikrobe 0.4
Superphosphate of lime 15 ammonium chlorides 5.
4. the fertilizer that comprehensive utilization is produced according to the said stalk of claim 1 is characterized in that it being that preparation of raw material by following weight part forms:
Fowl and animal excrement 25 after stalk after becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk 39 become thoroughly decomposed
Repone K 10 humic acidss 10
In micro-0.6 mikrobe 0.4
Superphosphate of lime 15 ammonium chlorides 10.
5. preparation method like the said fertilizer of claim 1-4 is characterized in that:
At first, mikrobe is cultivated respectively, become the mikrobe raw material, subsequent use;
Secondly, the stalk after will becoming thoroughly decomposed, rice husk oven dry, pulverizing, screening, granularity is less than 0.18mm, and is subsequent use;
The 3rd, the fowl and animal excrement oven dry after will becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing, screening, granularity is less than 0.18mm, and is subsequent use;
The 4th, potassium chloride, superphosphate of lime, ammonium chloride, humic acids and middle trace element, subsequent use;
The 5th; Get stalk, rice husk, fowl and animal excrement, mikrobe raw material and Repone K, superphosphate of lime, ammonium chloride, humic acids and middle trace element after above-mentioned subsequent use the becoming thoroughly decomposed by weight, mix, according to conventional extrusion process compound fertilizer production method; Carry out granulation, pack then.
CN2012100673939A 2012-03-14 2012-03-14 Organic fertilizer produced by comprehensively utilizing straw, and preparation method for organic fertilizer Pending CN102531756A (en)

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CN107488067A (en) * 2017-09-07 2017-12-19 山东和田旺生物科技有限公司 A kind of functional form microbial organic fertilizer produced using great Jiang stalks
CN108314542A (en) * 2018-04-16 2018-07-24 安徽梅兰园林景观工程有限公司 A kind of pot flowers organic fertilizer special and preparation method thereof
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CN110590458A (en) * 2019-10-16 2019-12-20 黄健 Jasmine flower bio-organic fertilizer capable of improving soil and preparation method thereof
CN111116268A (en) * 2018-10-11 2020-05-08 广西绿友农生物科技股份有限公司 Special compound fertilizer added with probiotics for eucalyptus and preparation process
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