CN112042501A - Sand-containing seedling raising substrate and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Sand-containing seedling raising substrate and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sand-containing seedling substrate, which is prepared by mixing sand, sheep manure and a seedling substrate sold in the market as raw materials. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the sand-containing seedling raising matrix completely meets the requirements of the growth of the sweet potato seedlings on weak alkali and sandy soil through tests, the sweet potato seedlings are unified, the emergence rate is higher, the seedling form is better, the root system growth is better, the chlorophyll content is higher, the unified management is easy, and the mechanization is easy to realize; the use of non-renewable resources of grass peat is reduced, the environment is protected, and the cost is reduced; has important significance for improving desertification land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant seedling culture, and particularly relates to a sand-containing seedling culture substrate and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Pachyrhizus (Cynanchum thesiodes (Freyn) k. schum), also known as flowers of shavings, myrtle, sweet wormwood, sweet potato waffles and milk custard, which belong to the perennial erect shrub of the genus goose down in the family of Asclepiadaceae. Has strong viability, and can grow in the environment of barren, hot, drought, cold and the like. Widely distributed in China, Korea, Mongolia and Russia, etc., and in China, in provinces such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang and Jiangsu, etc. The sweet potato has high medicinal value, and the domestic research on the medicinal value of the sweet potato has been achieved at present. Researches indicate that the sweet potato can promote lactation by using whole plants and fruits as medicines, and is mainly used for treating body weakness, galactostasis and wart by external application; the powder prepared from radix Pachyrhizi Erosi, rhizoma Bistortae, caulis Akebiae and radix Ophiopogonis can be used for treating fu heat, intestinal pricking pain, and diarrhea with heat. In addition, the sweet potato can be eaten as vegetable, and can be eaten as cold dish in most areas, thereby having the health-care function of protecting the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems.
In recent years, global warming and land desertification degrees gradually increase, and large-area drought and semiarid lands in the north of China are main distribution regions of desertified land and are partial regions of middle regions. In the middle, the half-farming and half-pasturing area in the inner Mongolia area, the vast pasturing area and the surrounding area of the big desert in the northwest are places with serious land desertification in China. China actively tries to act, a large amount of manpower and material resources are input to control desertification, certain measures are adopted in China and regions, the measures are typically successful control and transformation of 'three-north' shelter forest engineering, distributed-level deserts in a storehouse and various measures for preventing water and soil loss in the yellow river basin in China, the measures have positive promoting effects on control of land desertification and water and soil loss, but at present, desertified land which is not utilized is still in a wasteland state all the time, and is a loss for land resources in China. Therefore, the research on the plants such as the sweet potatoes has important significance for the utilization of desertification land.
At present, the pachyrhizus is still planted in a traditional direct seeding mode, the seedling emergence is difficult to unify, the unified management is difficult to realize, and the mechanization is difficult to realize, so that the traditional planting mode is broken away from, the current mainstream must be followed for plug seedling, the key of plug seedling lies in the matrix, the special seedling raising matrix for the pachyrhizus is unavailable at present, most of the seedling raising matrix on the market is universal and neutral, the substrate is suitable for common vegetable seedling raising, and the requirements of the pachyrhizus on weak alkali and sandy soil are difficult to satisfy. And the other crop seedling raising substrates mainly use grass peat, which is a natural resource difficult to regenerate, so that the resources are exhausted after long-term exploitation, and the landform and the ecological environment are damaged. For example, the composite matrix is formed by taking grass peat, vermiculite and decomposed sheep manure as raw materials by Ningjie and the like, and the results show that the grass peat: decomposing sheep manure: the vermiculite is 6:3:1, and is suitable for being used as a plug seedling substrate of the cucumber. The Fangjin and Guo Shirong take seaweed industrial leftovers, namely seaweed residues, turf and vermiculite, of piled fermented seaweed as raw materials, and the results prove that the turf is prepared by the following steps: seaweed residues: vermiculite as 80:20:0,72:18:10 and 53: the seedlings of cucumber grow best 13: 34.
In view of this, this patent is filed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a sand-containing seedling substrate and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention aims to provide a sand-containing seedling raising substrate.
The invention further aims to provide a preparation method of the sand-containing seedling raising substrate.
According to the sand-containing seedling raising substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention, the sand-containing seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials: sand, sheep manure and a commercial seedling substrate.
The sand-containing seedling substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in a volume ratio:
the mass ratio of sand, sheep manure and commercial seedling substrate is (2.5-3.5): (0.4-0.6): 2.0-3.0).
According to the sand-containing seedling raising substrate of the embodiment of the invention, further, the raw materials comprise the following components in volume ratio: the ratio of sand to sheep manure to commercial seedling substrate is 3: 0.5: 2.5.
According to the sand-containing seedling raising substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention, the sheep manure is decomposed sheep manure.
Preferably, the preparation process of the decomposed sheep manure comprises the following steps:
adding water into sheep manure, and uniformly mixing to a degree that the sheep manure can be kneaded into balls but does not drip water to form water-doped sheep manure;
b: b, spraying a starter diluent into the hydrosheep manure obtained in the step A, and uniformly stirring; piling up the sheep manure into a fermentation pile, and fermenting until the sheep manure has the flavor of distiller's yeast and white hypha is generated in the pile to obtain the decomposed sheep manure.
The sheep manure is alkaline after fermentation, and the acidity and alkalinity of the sand-containing seedling raising matrix are adjusted by adding the sheep manure.
According to the sand-containing seedling raising substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention, further, in the step B, the sand-containing seedling raising substrate is piled into a fermentation pile, covered with plastic cloth and fermented, so that the moisture can be preserved, the heat can be preserved, and the fermentation effect is better. The normal decomposed sheep manure has no odor, loose materials and slight distiller's yeast fragrance, and white hypha is generated in the stack.
Furthermore, the fermentation is natural fermentation, the fermentation time is 13-16 days in summer, the fermentation time is longer in winter, and the fermentation time in winter is 18-25 days.
In step B, the starter culture diluent is prepared by adding brown sugar into a biological bacterial manure starter culture for activation, adding water for dilution, and uniformly mixing. The fermentation agent diluent is added for fermentation, so that the fermentation can be promoted, the time is short, and the fermentation effect is better.
Specifically, in the step B, the starter diluent is obtained by adding 1kg of brown sugar into 500g of biological bacterial manure starter, adding 20kg of water for dilution, and uniformly mixing.
According to the sand-containing seedling raising substrate of the embodiment of the invention, further, the sand-containing seedling raising substrate is alkalescent.
Preferably, the pH value of the sand-containing seedling raising substrate is 7.5-8.5.
Further, the pH value of the sand-containing seedling raising substrate is 7.94.
According to the sand-containing seedling substrate of the embodiment of the invention, further, the commercial seedling substrate is purchased from inner Mongolia Mongolian fertilizer biotechnology, Inc.
According to the sand-containing seedling raising substrate of the embodiment of the invention, further, the raw materials also comprise compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is a sprinkle-enrichable compound fertilizer.
More preferably, the addition amount of the super-rich compound fertilizer is 10g of the super-rich compound fertilizer added in each 1L of the sand-containing seedling raising substrate.
The preparation method of the sand-containing seedling raising substrate according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the sand and the sheep manure uniformly to form two mixtures;
(2) and (2) mixing the two mixtures obtained in the step (1) with other raw materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sand-containing seedling raising matrix.
According to the preparation method of the sand-containing seedling raising substrate of the embodiment of the invention, further, in the step (2), the mixture is uniformly mixed and then sieved, and preferably, the aperture of each sieve pore is 2 mm.
According to the application of the sand-containing seedling substrate disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the sand-containing seedling substrate is used as a special seedling substrate for the pachyrhizus.
The seedling culture medium is high-quality soil or soilless culture medium prepared by organic and inorganic materials, biological and chemical agents according to the growth requirement of plant seedlings.
The perennial erect shrubs of the genus Trichosanthes, the family Asclepiadaceae, the genus Centaria have strong viability and can grow in the environments of barren, hot, arid, cold and the like. The fruits can be directly eaten as vegetables. The research indicates that the sweet potato can promote lactation by using the whole plant and fruit as the medicine, is mainly used for treating body weakness and agalactia, externally treating wart, and has the health-care function of protecting heart and cerebral vessels.
The plug seedling is a modern seedling raising technology which adopts soilless materials of grass carbon, vermiculite and other substrates as seedling raising substrates, adopts mechanical precision seeding, and achieves one-time seedling raising by one plug.
The composite substrate composed of the sand, the decomposed sheep manure and the commercially available seedling substrate is adopted, so that the production cost is reduced, the material is convenient to obtain, the resource reserves are rich, the influence on surface plants and surrounding environments in mining areas is small, the pollution of heavy metals to the environment is hardly caused, and the composite substrate is an ideal material for artificially synthesizing the composite seedling substrate in the future. When the agricultural solid waste is recycled to synthesize the seedling substrate, the agricultural solid waste is usually compounded with other inorganic substrate materials to improve the properties of the seedling substrate, and the reason is that the treated agricultural solid waste generally has the defects of physical properties and is not beneficial to the growth of seedlings if the treated agricultural solid waste is singly used as the seedling substrate, so that the artificially compounded mixed substrate is the development direction of the seedling substrate in the future.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the preparation method of the sand-containing seedling substrate, sand and sheep manure are matched with a small amount of commercially available seedling substrate to form the special seedling substrate for the pachyrhizus, and the special seedling substrate for the pachyrhizus completely meets the requirements of the growth of the seedling of the pachyrhizus on weak alkali and sandy soil through tests;
(2) the sand-containing seedling culture medium is adopted to culture seedlings of the pachyrhizus, the seedlings of the pachyrhizus are uniform, the rate of emergence is higher, the shapes of the seedlings are better, the root systems of the seedlings grow better, the chlorophyll content is higher, uniform management is easy, and mechanization is easy to realize;
(3) the seedling raising matrix containing sand reduces the use of non-renewable resources of grass carbon, thereby not only protecting the environment, but also reducing the cost;
(4) the sand-containing seedling substrate is used for seedling, and has important significance for improving desertification land.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the influence of different proportions of ground beetle emergence rates;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different proportions of base substances on the relative chlorophyll content of the seedling of the sweet potato seedlings aged for 20 days;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of different proportions of the base on the relative chlorophyll content of the young seedling of sweet potato at the age of 30 days.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The decomposed sheep manure in the following examples is purchased from a security farmer market; the commercially available seedling culture substrate is purchased from inner Mongolia fertilizer biotechnology limited; sand was taken from the technical park of inner Mongolia university of agriculture.
Example 1
The sand-containing seedling substrate is prepared from the following raw materials:
the volume ratio of the sand to the sheep manure to the commercial seedling substrate is 2.5:0.4: 3.0.
The preparation method comprises the following steps of:
adding water into sheep manure, and uniformly mixing to a degree that the sheep manure can be kneaded into balls but does not drip water to form water-doped sheep manure;
b: b, spraying a starter diluent into the hydrosheep manure obtained in the step A, and uniformly stirring; piling up the sheep manure into a fermentation pile, and fermenting for 14 days until the sheep manure has the flavor of distiller's yeast and white hypha is generated in the pile to obtain the decomposed sheep manure;
a preparation method of a sand-containing seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the sand and the sheep manure uniformly to form two mixtures;
(2) and (2) mixing the two mixtures obtained in the step (1) with other raw materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sand-containing seedling raising matrix.
Example 2
The sand-containing seedling substrate is prepared from the following raw materials:
the volume ratio of sand to sheep manure to a commercial seedling raising substrate is 3.5:0.4:2.0, the raw materials also comprise a salable compound fertilizer, and the addition amount of the salable compound fertilizer is 10g of the salable compound fertilizer added in each 1L of sand-containing seedling raising substrate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps of:
adding water into sheep manure, and uniformly mixing to a degree that the sheep manure can be kneaded into balls but does not drip water to form water-doped sheep manure;
b: b, spraying a starter diluent into the hydrosheep manure obtained in the step A, and uniformly stirring; piling up the sheep manure into a fermentation pile, covering a plastic cloth, and fermenting for 15 days until the sheep manure has the flavor of distiller's yeast and white hypha is generated in the pile, thus obtaining the decomposed sheep manure.
A preparation method of a sand-containing seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the sand and the sheep manure uniformly to form two mixtures;
(2) and (2) mixing the two mixtures obtained in the step (1) with other raw materials, uniformly mixing, and sieving by using a sieve with the aperture of 2mm to obtain the sand-containing seedling raising matrix.
Example 3
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 2 is that the volume ratio of sand, sheep manure and commercial seedling substrate is 3.5:0.6: 2.0.
Example 4
The difference between the present example and example 2 is that the volume ratio of sand, sheep manure and commercial seedling substrate is 3: 0.5: 2.5.
The sand-containing seedling substrate obtained in examples 1 to 4 was used as a seedling substrate for sweet potatoes, and the volume weight, total porosity, air permeability porosity, water retention porosity and pH value were measured, and the results are shown in table 1 below:
table 1 examples 1-4 physicochemical properties of sand-containing seedling substrate
The method comprises the steps of selecting seeds of the pachyrhizus and the sand-containing seedling substrate obtained in examples 1-4 as the special seedling substrate for the pachyrhizus, wherein the seedling emergence rate of the seeds in the 8 th day in examples 1-4 is 100%.
Test examples
The test method comprises the following steps: in the test, the sweet potato seeds provided by special vegetable research and development rooms of the university of inner Mongolia agriculture are used as test materials, sand, decomposed sheep manure and a commercially available seedling culture medium are used as raw materials to form five composite media according to a certain proportion, the concrete formula is shown in the following table 2, the commercially available seedling culture medium is used as a Control (CK), and the influence of the composite media on the emergence rate of the sweet potato and the influence of the form indexes of the seedlings, the root systems and the relative content of chlorophyll in different time periods are discussed.
TABLE 2 test matrix ratios
| Composite matrix | Sand, sheep manure and commercial seedling substrate (volume ratio) |
| A | 0.5∶0.5∶5 |
| B | 1.5∶1∶3.5 |
| C | 3∶0.5∶2.5 |
| D | 2∶2.5∶1.5 |
| E | 3∶2.5∶0.5 |
And (3) test results:
1. physicochemical properties of substrates of different proportions
The water and nutrient absorbed by the plant root system are closely related to the physicochemical properties of the substrate, and when describing the physicochemical properties of the plant seedling substrate, the three most intuitive indexes are volume weight, porosity and pH. The sweet potato seedling growing medium is characterized in that sweet potatoes are special, the medium is suitable for being low in air permeability porosity and water holding porosity, and the root systems of the sweet potato seedlings are developed compared with other treatments in the seedling growing process, so that the sweet potato seedling growing medium is beneficial to fixing water and fertilizer by the root systems and growth of the seedlings. A, B, C, D, E were compared with commercially available seedling substrates, and the results of comparing the physicochemical properties of the substrates in different ratios are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 physicochemical Properties of the base materials at different ratios
As can be seen from Table 3, the air porosity and water holding porosity of the treated C are relatively lower than those of other substrates, so that the substrate is more suitable for seedling raising substrates of the pachyrhizus, the pH value is alkaline, the substrate is more suitable for weakly alkaline plants such as the pachyrhizus, and the substrate has certain buffering capacity. Therefore, all indexes of the treatment C are more suitable for raising seedlings of the sweet potatoes.
2. Influence of different proportions of base substances on emergence rate of sweet potatoes
The seedling emergence rate and the uniformity of the seeds are mainly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the matrix, and in the matrix seedling culture, plug seedling is adopted, and 50 holes are adopted in the plug seedling. The plug is purchased in a preservation farmer market, the seedling culture process is carried out in a multi-span greenhouse, and the test is provided with 6 treatments and repeated for 3 times; a, B, C, D, E are compared with the commercial seedling raising substrate, and the effect of different proportions of the substrate on the emergence rate of the sweet potatoes is shown in figure 1.
As can be seen from fig. 1, seedling emergence begins on the 5 th day after sowing, wherein the seedling emergence uniformity of the C and CK treatments is basically consistent, the seedling emergence uniformity of the C treatment is slightly higher than that of the CK treatment, and the seedling emergence rate of the C treatment and CK treatment reaches more than 90% on the 8 th day, which shows that the two mixture ratio matrixes are more beneficial to seedling emergence of the pachyrhizus seeds, the seedling emergence uniformity of the pachyrhizus is improved, and the seedling raising time can be shortened; while the emergence rate of treatment D was low and irregular, the final emergence rate was 72%. From the analysis of the physicochemical properties of 6 kinds of substrates, the factors influencing the germination rate of the sweet potatoes are not single, the water holding pores and the pH value are main factors, the two factors are complementary, the pH with relatively large treatment C is matched with the small water holding pores, and the small pH with relatively small CK is combined with the large water holding pores, so that the emergence rates of the two are consistent, the emergence rate is highest, and the emergence rates are aligned; and the pH values of the treatment D and the treatment E are larger, the alkalinity is stronger, the rate of emergence is lower, and the emergence is uneven. Therefore, under the same seedling environment, the important reasons influencing the emergence rate of the pachyrhizus can be the pH and the water holding porosity of the substrate.
3. Influence of different proportions of matrixes on morphological indexes of 20-day-old sweet potato seedlings
A, B, C, D, E were compared with commercial seedling substrate, and the effect of different proportions of substrate on the morphological index of Pachyrhizus Erecta seedling 20 days old is shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 influence of different mixture ratio of base materials on the morphological index of Pachyrhizus Erecta seedling of 20 days old
As can be seen from Table 4, there was a certain difference in the seedling morphology index between treatments. The plant height, stem thickness, underground fresh weight and overground dry weight of the treated D are all lowest, the plant height, stem thickness, leaf number, underground dry weight and strong seedling index of the treated C are all higher, the strong seedling index and root cap ratio of the treated B are highest, and the root cap ratio and strong seedling index of the control are lower than those of other treatments.
4. Influence of different mixture ratio of matrix on root growth of seedling of sweet potato 20 days old
The main organs of plants for absorbing water and nutrients are root systems, and the root systems are also important organs for assimilation, transformation and synthesis of various substances. The most direct embodiment of the absorption capacity of the seedling root system is the growth condition of the root system, and the number of the root systems and the length of the roots can indicate whether the root system is good or bad in development and whether the seedling is strong or not. A, B, C, D, E were compared with commercially available seedling-growing medium, and the effect of different proportions of medium on root growth of Pachyrhizus seedlings 20 days old is shown in Table 5:
TABLE 5 influence of different mixture ratio of matrix on root growth of 20-day old seedling of radix Pachyrhizi Erosi
As can be seen from table 5, the number of roots is the largest and the root length is the longest in the process C, the process B > the process a > the process D > the process E > CK, and the root length is the process C > the process a > the process B > the process CK > the process D > the process E.
5. Influence of different proportions of matrix on relative content of chlorophyll of seedling of sweet potato of 20 days old
The relative content of chlorophyll has a close relation with the metabolism level of plants, and simultaneously, the relative content of chlorophyll influences the growth and development of seedlings. Comparing A, B, C, D, E with commercial seedling substrate, the effect of different proportions of substrate on the relative chlorophyll content of the seedling of the sweet potato seedling 20 days old is shown in FIG. 2:
as can be seen from FIG. 2, the relative chlorophyll content of the 20-day-old seedling of the sweet potato is the least for treatment E and the most for treatment C, respectively 25.3 and 28.7, the difference between treatment A and treatment C is not obvious, and the treatment C > treatment B > CK > treatment A > treatment D > treatment E are sequentially performed between the treatments.
6. Influence of different mixture ratio of base materials on morphological index of Pachyrhizus Erecta seedling of 30 days old
A, B, C, D, E are compared with the commercial seedling substrate, and the influence of different proportions of the substrate on the morphological index of the sweet potato seedlings with the seedling age of 30 days is shown in Table 6:
TABLE 6 influence of different mixture ratio of base materials on the morphological index of Pachyrhizus Erecta seedling with age of 30 days
As can be seen from Table 6, the morphological index of the seedling of the pachyrhizus with the seedling age of 30 days is obviously increased compared with that of the seedling with the seedling age of 20 days, the plant height and stem thickness of the treated A and the treated B are consistent, the root cap ratio and the strong seedling index of the treated A are both lowest, the morphological index of the treated C except the root cap ratio is obviously higher than that of the other treatments and the control, and the treatment C, the treatment E, the treatment D, the treatment B and the treatment A are sequentially performed among the treatments from the strong seedling index.
7. Influence of different mixture ratio of base materials on root growth of Pachyrhizus Erosi seedling of 30 days old
A, B, C, D, E were compared with commercially available seedling-growing medium, and the effect of different proportions of medium on root growth of Pachyrhizus seedlings aged 30 days is shown in Table 7:
TABLE 7 influence of different mixture ratio of base materials on root growth of Pachyrhizus Erosi seedling of 30 days old
It can be seen from table 7 that the number of CK seedlings of the sweet potato at the age of 30 days was the lowest compared to the other treatments, the number of treatments a, B and D was consistent, and the number of treatments C was significantly higher than the other treatments and controls. The sequence among treatments is treatment D, treatment C, treatment B, treatment A and treatment E in terms of root length, wherein the root length of the treatment E is shortest, the root length of the treatment D is longest, and the root length of the treatment C is less than that of the treatment C, so that the root system of the treatment C is developed comprehensively in the seedling of the pachyrhizus for 30 days.
8. Influence of different mixture ratio of base materials on relative content of chlorophyll in young seedling of sweet potato of 30 days old
A, B, C, D, E are compared with the commercial seedling substrate, and the effect of different proportions of the substrate on the relative content of chlorophyll in the seedling of the sweet potato seedlings with the age of 30 days is shown in figure 3;
from fig. 3, it can be seen that the relative chlorophyll content of the seedling of the sweet potato at the age of 30 days is the least for treatment E, the most for treatment C, and the respective CK times are 22.9, 34.76, and 34.73, the difference between treatment D and treatment E is not obvious, the difference between treatment C and the control is not obvious, and the relative chlorophyll content of the seedling of the sweet potato at the age of 30 days is that treatment C > CK > treatment a > treatment B > treatment D > treatment E.
The above test results show that: the pH value of the C (sand, sheep manure and a commercial seedling culture medium is 3: 0.5: 2.5) treated is alkaline, the C is more suitable for the weakly alkaline plants such as the pachyrhizus, the volume weight is larger, the total porosity is smaller, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is stronger, in the seedling culture process, seedlings are robust, the root system is developed, the relative content of chlorophyll is higher, the number of leaves is larger, and comprehensively, the C composite medium is most suitable for seedling culture of the pachyrhizus, and the fact that sand is used as a seedling culture medium raw material is also shown to be feasible.
In the test example, different composite matrixes are formed by sand, sheep manure and a commercial seedling culture matrix according to a certain proportion, the physical and chemical properties of the combined matrix can be improved, and particularly, the volume weight, the water retention porosity and the pH value of the matrix are greatly improved by adding the sand and the sheep manure in a certain proportion. Through observation in a test, the increase of the volume weight is that more composite matrix is added into sand, and the proportion of the covering and the unearthing of the pachyrhizus is greatly reduced, so that the phenomenon of covering and the unearthing can be reduced by increasing the weight of the pressing hole proposed by Wangjiqing; and a certain pH value is increased, so that the matrix is alkalescent, the alkalescent proportioning matrix presented by the treatment C is more favorable for seedling emergence of the pachyrhizus seeds through statistical analysis of the rate of emergence, the uniformity of seedling emergence of the pachyrhizus can be improved, and the seedling culture time is shortened. From the comparative analysis of the physicochemical property and the rate of emergence of the matrix, the factors influencing the germination of the pachyrhizus are found to be not single but complex, and the larger factors are the water holding porosity and the pH value.
Through measuring and analyzing the morphological indexes, root growth and relative content of chlorophyll of the sweet potato seedlings aged for 20 days under different proportions of substrates, the fact that the plant height, stem thickness, leaf number, underground dry weight and strong seedling index of the processed C are high is found, the root-cap ratio and the strong seedling index of the control are lower than those of other processes, and the reason for the phenomenon is probably the difference of the early stage seedling emergence uniformity and the substrate pH value; the growth of the root system can reflect the absorption capacity of the root system of the seedling, and the number of the root system and the length of the root can indicate the good and bad development of the root system and whether the seedling is robust. The root system is most developed when the C root system is treated, and the B treatment and the A treatment are carried out in a comprehensive way; in addition, the chlorophyll relative content treatment A and the treatment C are the highest, namely the metabolic level of the two treatments is higher, and the growth condition of seedlings is better.
Through comparison of morphological indexes, root growth and relative content of chlorophyll of the pachyrhizus seedlings with the seedling ages of 20 days and 30 days under different proportioning matrixes, the difference between the overground dry weight and the underground dry weight is obviously increased, and the reason is probably that the measured dry weight difference is not obvious due to the fact that the seedlings with the seedling ages of 20 days are small and the moisture content is high; the number of roots directly reflects the development of plant roots, the reason for the abnormal development of the roots for treating C is probably that sand with a proper proportion is added, and the fact that the roots of succulent plants are obviously developed after certain sand is added in practice and the color of the succulent plants is better; in addition, the chlorophyll relative content of the treatment C is still the highest, which also indicates that the composite matrix of the treatment C is more suitable for the growth of the seedling of the pachyrhizus, the change is a control group, the chlorophyll relative content is almost the same as that of the treatment C, the condition can be related to the long-term effect of the nutrient substances, while the chlorophyll relative content of the treatment D and the treatment E is always at a lower level, and the discussion and analysis are likely to be the influence of the pH value of the composite matrix on the control group.
The sand and the sheep manure are easy to obtain materials and low in cost, and the utilization of the sand as the seedling culture substrate raw material is also a way for reducing the cost. In addition, the desertification land area in China is large, the matching matrix taking sand as an inorganic material has a positive effect on seedling raising of the pachyrhizus, and the matching of the sand with the conifer has important significance on improving the desertification land soil and increasing the cultivated land area.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The sand-containing seedling raising substrate is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials: sand, sheep manure and a commercial seedling substrate.
2. The sand-containing seedling substrate according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials by volume:
the mass ratio of sand, sheep manure and commercial seedling substrate is (2.5-3.5): (0.4-0.6): 2.0-3.0).
3. The sand-containing seedling substrate according to claim 2, which is prepared from the following raw materials by volume: the ratio of sand to sheep manure to commercial seedling substrate is 3: 0.5: 2.5.
4. The sand-containing seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sheep manure is decomposed sheep manure; preferably, the preparation process of the decomposed sheep manure comprises the following steps:
adding water into sheep manure, and uniformly mixing to a degree that the sheep manure can be kneaded into balls but does not drip water to form water-doped sheep manure;
b: b, spraying a starter diluent into the hydrosheep manure obtained in the step A, and uniformly stirring; piling up the sheep manure into a fermentation pile, and fermenting until the sheep manure has the flavor of distiller's yeast and white hypha is generated in the pile to obtain the decomposed sheep manure.
5. A sand-containing seedling substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sand-containing seedling substrate is weakly alkaline; preferably, the pH value of the sand-containing seedling raising substrate is 7.94.
6. A sand-containing seedling substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the commercial seedling substrate is purchased from inner mongolian fertilizer biotechnology limited.
7. A sand-containing seedling raising substrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the raw material further comprises a compound fertilizer; preferably, the compound fertilizer is a sprinkle-enrichable compound fertilizer; the addition amount of the super-rich compound fertilizer is 10g of the super-rich compound fertilizer added in each 1L of the sand-containing seedling raising substrate.
8. A method of preparing a sand-containing seedling substrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the steps of:
(1) mixing the sand and the sheep manure uniformly to form two mixtures;
(2) and (2) mixing the two mixtures obtained in the step (1) with other raw materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sand-containing seedling raising matrix.
9. The method for preparing a sand-containing seedling raising substrate according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2), the mixture is uniformly mixed and then sieved, and preferably, the aperture of each sieve pore is 2 mm.
10. Use of a sand-containing seedling substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as a seedling substrate for sweet potatoes.
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