KR102509352B1 - Nursery bed soil for planting young tree seedlings and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a medium for planting young tree seedlings and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein the medium contains 30 to 40% by weight of maternity product soil, 25 to 40% by weight of river sand or vermiculite powder, 10 to 20% by weight of peat moss, and 10 to 15% by weight of vermiculite. , and 5 to 10% by weight of a complex fertilizer, and the pregnant woman product soil is characterized in that bark and sawdust are blended in a weight ratio of 7:3 to 8:2.

Description

Medium for planting young tree seedlings and its manufacturing method {NURSERY BED SOIL FOR PLANTING YOUNG TREE SEEDLINGS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF}

The present invention is an artificial soil that is particularly effective for the growth of seedlings of young trees while enhancing the substrate characteristics such as moisture retention, nutrition, and activity, or fertility of the soil, which is the basis for promoting the growth of food materials or trees in farmland cultivation, forestry, or landscaping. and a method for manufacturing the same, and specifically relates to the development of a medium that secures the early growth of young tree seedlings and increases the survival rate of seedlings when planting trees, fruit trees, and landscaping trees.

In general, among soils, nursery bed soil is also called medium, culture soil, and artificial soil, and refers to materials such as nursery soil used for seed germination until plants are transplanted into paddy fields or fields.

That is, it functions as a medium for growing seedlings as an artificial soil that brings about physical, chemical, and biological changes to create a rhizosphere environment beneficial for plant cultivation, and also as a support that mechanically supports plants. In a broad range, it can be defined as soil belonging to fertilizers prepared by mixing various organic and inorganic substances.

In general, looking at the status of afforestation support projects or forest restoration projects carried out by the Korea Forest Service, the surface of the planned site is devastated, there are almost no organic matter (by-products such as trees, branches, leaves, etc.), and there are no trees for a long time, so the physical and chemical It is characterized by poor and insufficient characteristics, little soil aggregation, and very poor soil water holding capacity, so it is easily dried out.

Planting is generally carried out by digging a hole, watering, planting seedlings or trees, and covering the soil to plant young tree seedlings and afforestation in these planned areas for forest restoration or reforestation support. However, in this case, various soil nutrients are insufficient. Since planting is done under conditions, the survival rate of the planted trees is very low, which increases the probability that the restoration project will ultimately end in failure.

Therefore, in forest restoration or afforestation support projects, planting soil or afforestation soil is additionally used to develop a high survival rate of trees. The development of artificial soil, which has been systematically researched and developed by age and soil composition, is insufficient.

In particular, bed soil or artificial soil is manufactured, produced, and supplied by a bed soil factory or livestock manure compost factory. can't go out

Recently, however, artificial soil for gardening or planting has been developed so that young seedlings for planting can survive and grow well not only in the soil of general mountains and fields, but also in barren hills, mountainous areas, and mother soil (Seokbi-rye).

According to the Rural Development Administration’s notice of establishment and designation of fertilizer process standards, the raw material types of Sangto No. 1 and Sangto No. 2 are disclosed as raw materials that can be used for ordinary fertilizer among raw materials for regular fertilizer and by-product fertilizer, and the density standard for each, the harmfulness that can be contained Other specifications such as maximum amount of components, pH, EC, ammonia nitrogen, process analysis method of medium soil, and quality inspection method are disclosed.

Coco peat, peat moss, and vermiculite are the three most important horticultural bed soil materials as raw materials for the bed soil disclosed herein. All of these materials are imported from abroad, so problems such as price instability, imbalance in supply and demand, and difficulties are always on the rise. It's coming.

Therefore, the localization of bed soil raw materials is becoming an issue in the horticultural planting industry and related fields to increase the manufacturing cost of artificial soil and the income of foresters, and it is becoming one of the long-awaited tasks to be solved.

In addition, since each raw material of each mixed material of the bed soil has a different role in seedling survival and growth and soil quality, and the mixing ratio and content have a large effect on seedling growth and soil quality, the characteristics of these raw materials affect seedling growth and soil improvement. Optimized soil development is required.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention develops a medium for increasing the survival rate of young seedlings for planting or afforestation under poor soil or environmental conditions, influencing the growth and development of trees, and improving soil quality. Its purpose is to provide a manufacturing method.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to develop alternative raw materials to localize raw materials in order to lower the raw material cost in developing a medium effective for the growth of seedlings and soil improvement, thereby increasing the productivity of artificial soil and further improving the productivity of forest farmers. It contributes to increasing income.

The bed soil according to an embodiment of the present invention contains 30 to 40% by weight of maternity product soil, 25 to 40% by weight of river sand or vermiculite powder, 10 to 20% by weight of peat moss, 10 to 15% by weight of vermiculite, and 5 to 10% by weight of a compound fertilizer. It may include weight %, but is not necessarily limited thereto.

Here, the maternity product soil is blended with bark and sawdust in a weight ratio of 7:3 to 8:2

It can be.

In addition, the complex fertilizer of the bed soil according to the embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that it is a fermented compost of livestock or chicken manure.

In addition, the bed soil according to another embodiment of the present invention may further include 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a wetting agent.

On the other hand, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the pregnant soil of the bed soil is a urea fertilizer such that the carbon mass ratio (C / N ratio) of the composition in which the bark and sawdust are mixed at a weight ratio of 7: 3 to 8: 2 is 30 to 40 may be added, and more preferably, the weight ratio of bark and sawdust of maternity product soil may be 7:3.

In addition, the maternity product soil may be obtained by mixing the bark and sawdust at a weight ratio of 7:3 to 8:2, fermenting for 1 to 2 months, and drying the moisture content to 15 to 20%.

Meanwhile, in the method for preparing bed soil according to another embodiment of the present invention, bark and sawdust are mixed at a weight ratio of 7:3 to 8:2, and the carbon content (C/N ratio) of the blended composition is 30 to 40. Adding fertilizer and fermenting at room temperature for 1 to 2 months to prepare maternity product soil, drying the pregnant woman product soil so that the moisture content is 15 to 20%, the dried maternity product soil 30 to 40% by weight, Preparing a bed soil composition by mixing 25 to 40% by weight of river sand or vermiculite powder, 10 to 20% by weight of peat moss, 10 to 15% by weight of vermiculite, and 5 to 10% by weight of a complex fertilizer, and moisture content of the top soil composition and drying to 15 to 20%.

In addition, the bed soil herein may further include a wetting agent of 0.01 to 0.1% by weight.

A planting method using topsoil according to another embodiment of the present invention, particularly a method of planting young tree seedlings, includes the steps of adding topsoil to the lowermost surface of the bottom of a pit for planting seedlings and spraying water, and the topsoil is the root of the seedlings. Planting the seedlings by shaking the roots so that there is a large contact area between them, covering the soil, compacting it, and then spraying water. 30 to 40% by weight of maternity product soil fermented at room temperature for 1 to 2 months by adding urea fertilizer so that the carbon mass ratio (C / N ratio) of the blended composition is 30 to 40, 25 to 40% by weight of river sand or vermiculite powder , 10 to 20% by weight of peat moss, 10 to 15% by weight of vermiculite, and 5 to 10% by weight of complex fertilizer.

In addition, in the planting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the medium may be added in an amount of 200 to 1000 ml or 200 to 1000 g per seedling.

Preferably, when the target tree for planting is a pine seedling, 500 ml or 500 g of the above soil may be used per pine seedling.

In addition, when the target tree for planting is larch, 300 to 500 ml or 300 to 500 g of the medium per week of larch seedlings may be used.

The present invention can provide a medium with excellent nutrients that can support the early growth and mid- to long-term survival and development of young tree seedlings so that planting and reforestation projects can succeed even in low-nutrient or dry and barren soil.

In addition, the present invention provides a medium that can be replaced by localization, a medium with improved mixing ratio, and a medium that is easy to additionally manufacture even using a current fertilizer factory or livestock manure compost factory, thereby providing a medium with excellent seedling growth and soil quality improvement. can be supplied at an economical unit price, which can bring about long-term productivity and income increase effects.

1 is a flow chart showing a method for manufacturing bed soil according to an embodiment of the present invention
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a method of planting using topsoil prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily practice the present invention. However, the present invention may apply various transformations and may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. That is, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to specific embodiments and includes all conversions, equivalents, or substitutes included in the spirit and technical scope of the present invention.

The bed soil according to an embodiment of the present invention contains 30 to 40% by weight of maternity product soil, 25 to 40% by weight of river sand or vermiculite powder, 10 to 20% by weight of peat moss, 10 to 15% by weight of vermiculite, and 5 to 10% by weight of a compound fertilizer. Including weight percent.

Additionally, 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a wetting agent may be further included.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the maternity product soil may be blended with bark and sawdust in a weight ratio of 7:3 to 8:2, preferably a ratio of 7:3.

The composition and mixing ratio of the above-mentioned bed soil greatly reduces the economic unit cost of the developed bed soil by not including coco peat, perlite, etc., which are imported raw materials that increase the production cost of the bed soil, or by relatively greatly reducing the proportion of peat moss or vermiculite.

In particular, as artificial soil that is the basis of flower bed soil, the pregnant woman product soil was developed and fixed as a basic raw material, and it was developed to have the advantage of being expanded and utilized by mixing the bed soil raw materials according to the characteristics of various soils and trees to be planted.

In the maternity product soil, in particular, bark and sawdust are mixed in a weight ratio of 7: 3 to 8: 2, and urea fertilizer can be added so that the carbon mass ratio (C / N ratio) of the composition of the maternity product soil is 30 to 40. there is.

Urea fertilizer is a fertilizer that is converted into nitrogen, which is an essential nutrient for plants. Excessive input to trees during planting or afforestation adversely affects it, so proper mixing ratio is required.

Therefore, in the composition of forest by-products composed of bark and sawdust, the carbon content (C (carbon) / N (nitrogen)) of each material should be analyzed and the ratio adjusted to be 30 to 40.

For example, if the forest by-product composition in which the bark and sawdust are mixed at a weight ratio of 7:3 contains 44.9% carbon and 0.45% nitrogen, the carbon content (C / N) is 99.7%. Therefore, in order for the forest by-product composition to ferment and ripen well as soil, the carbon content should be adjusted to 30 to 40 by increasing the nitrogen ratio.

Expressed as a simple formula, 40 (carbon mass rate) = C (44.9) / N (0.45 + X). In this formula, the X value is approximately 0.67, which means that 0.67% of nitrogen must be added to the forest by-product composition for efficient fermentation and ripening. To this end, urea fertilizer may be further added at 0.67% by weight.

After preparing forest by-product soil as the main raw material of bed soil, 30 to 40% by weight of forest by-product soil, 25 to 40% by weight of river sand or vermiculite residue / vermiculite powder, 10 to 20% by weight of peat moss, 10 to 15% by weight of vermiculite and 5 to 10% by weight of a compound fertilizer are mixed.

Here, the compound fertilizer may be fermented compost of livestock manure or chicken manure, but is not necessarily limited thereto, and rice hull compost, rice straw fermented compost, clean grass compost, and the like may be used.

In addition, the mixing ratio of the ingredients may be varied according to the use of the medium of the present invention.

Specifically, in the case of potting soil for flowers and houseplants, it is preferable to mix 30% by weight of forest by-product soil, 40% by weight of river sand or vermiculite residue/vermiculite powder, 10% by weight of peat moss, 15% by weight of vermiculite, and 5% by weight of a compound fertilizer. do.

Depending on the type of tree to be planted, about 30% by weight of the forest by-product soil (compost) is set as a basic material as fruit soil, landscaping bed soil, and flower cultivation bed soil, while the river sand or vermiculite residue / vermiculite powder, peat moss, vermiculite, and Various types of bed soil can be prepared by varying the compounding ratio of the compound fertilizer.

However, although peat moss is an essential raw material among the raw materials of the bed soil according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is a high-cost material imported from abroad and has a function of increasing the water retention capacity in the soil, but has a low pH of about 3.5 to 4.5, thereby reducing the acidity of the soil. It is desirable not to mix more than 10% by weight of peat moss for seedlings of young trees to be used in planting business or afforestation business as it can cause excessive humidity during cultivation.

In the bed soil according to an embodiment of the present invention, a wetting agent may be added in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1% by weight, and the wetting agent can prevent rapid drying of the bed soil and excessive deterioration in water holding capacity when planting in barren land where the soil is excessively dry and arid.

However, the inclusion and mixing ratio of the wetting agent may be additionally included in the basic soil mixture composition before planting the seedlings after considering the components, properties, nutrient conditions, and environmental factors such as weather and season of the soil.

1 is a flowchart showing the sequence of a method for manufacturing bed soil according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The bed soil manufacturing method is described using FIG. 1, which is a process of preparing forest by-product soil.

It is a process (S1) of preparing a composition by blending the components of forest by-product soil, in which bark and sawdust are blended in a weight ratio of 7:3 to 8:2.

In the following process, urea fertilizer is added so that the carbon mass ratio (C / N ratio) of the forest by-product composition is 30 to 40, and it is fermented quickly for 1 to 2 months and dried to a moisture content of 15 to 20% (S2).

Preferably, the soil by-products from forestry can be used after being dried so that the moisture content is 17% by weight. At this moisture content, the properties of the light soil are maintained, so that the soil is soft and dispersed in the small roots of young tree seedlings to deliver nutrients evenly. .

25 to 40% by weight of river sand or vermiculite powder, 10 to 20% by weight of peat moss, 10 to 15% by weight of vermiculite, and 5 to 10% by weight of complex fertilizer, based on 30 to 40% by weight of forest by-product soil produced in the step S2 % to prepare a bed soil composition (S3).

Finally, the mixed bed soil composition is also dried to a moisture content of 15 to 20% to finally prepare bed soil (S4).

An example of planting young tree seedlings using the medium prepared according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 is schematically shown in FIG. 2 .

Referring to Figure 2, as in the general planting method, in order to plant young seedlings, a pit is dug with an appropriate radius and depth from the ground surface. The species of young seedlings is not particularly limited, and can be selected from pine, larch, acacia, etc., depending on the development area or planning of planting or afforestation projects.

A common planting method involves digging a hole, placing a tree seedling in it, covering it with soil and watering it. In addition, in the case of adding nutrients, fertilizers, or soil improvers for the growth of trees, only a process of applying fertilizer to a certain thickness on the surface of the soil and sufficiently watering is added.

However, when planting young tree seedlings with poor soil nutrition or low survival rate, the medium of the present invention containing nutrients, such as tree weaning food, is added to the bottom surface of the pit so that the roots of the young tree can come into contact. shall.

That is, as shown in FIG. 2 , a pit for planting young tree seedlings may be dug, an appropriate amount of soil 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be added, and then water may be sprinkled as needed.

Next, the roots of young trees are shaken off on the top soil so that the top soil added to the bottom has a large contact area between the roots of the seedlings, and the small roots are spread well, and then the remaining soil 20 is covered and compacted. Then, planting is completed by sprinkling enough water.

Here, the medium is preferably added at 200 to 1000 ml or 200 to 1000 g per seedling, but is not necessarily limited thereto.

Preferably, when the target tree for planting is a pine seedling, 500ml or 500g of the medium is used per pine seedling, and when the target tree for planting is larch, the medium is 300 to 500ml or 300 to 500g per week of the larch seedling. can be used

When planting saplings using the medium according to an embodiment of the present invention, it was confirmed that the survival rate and growth rate of the saplings were effectively higher than when using a general planting method, an existing medium, or a specific fertilizer. Such an effect was demonstrated through the same experiment.

1. Planting place: 933, Cheoinseong-ro, Namsa-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Wanjang-ri area

2. Date of planting: 2019.9.17

3. Arbor trees: biennial pine and larch

4. Planting distance: 1m x 1m, repeated 8 weeks

5. Improved medium mixing ratio:

40% by weight of maternity product soil (moisture 17%), 25% by weight of river sand and vermiculite residue, 20% by weight of peat moss, 10% by weight of vermiculite, 5% by weight of manure (compound fertilizer)

6. Details of processing:

① No treatment - The process of digging a hole, planting a tree and watering it, no compost or top soil

② Peat moss 300ml/week - Add 300ml of European peat moss per tree

③ Improved medium 200ml/week - Add 200ml per tree of improved medium according to the present invention treated with urea fertilizer

④ Improved medium 300ml/week - Add 300ml per tree of improved medium according to the present invention treated with urea fertilizer

⑤ Improved medium 500ml/week - Add 500ml per tree of improved medium according to the present invention treated with urea fertilizer

⑥ Commercial horticultural medium 300ml/week - Add 300ml of domestic medium for sale by company A per tree

7. Evaluation Criteria: Effort by number of days after planting (measurement of tree height, cm), cost reduction and soil moisture measurement

8. Evaluation results: disclosed in Table 1

dropsy pine tree larch Other evaluation Number of investigation days D+15 D+154 D+120 D+15 D+154 D+210 D+210 ① 33.2 31.6 36.2 40.4 43.0 44.5 no soil change ② 27.9 32.5 38.8 41.9 43.5 46.7 Cost increase, excessive moisture increase ③ 33.5 36.0 37.0 46.7 43.5 46.8 Cost reduction, no over-humidification ④ 32.1 38.5 43.0 46.6 45.5 47.2 Cost reduction, no over-humidification ⑤ 33.9 43.0 46.3 45.8 48.5 49.5 Cost reduction, no over-humidification ⑥ 27.2 46.3 34.7 43.8 47.7 47.0 Cost increase, excessive humidity Normal

As can be seen from the above results, the result of measuring the tree height after 210 days after planting young tree seedlings using the improved medium prepared according to the embodiment of the present invention was different from other treatment groups, such as untreated, peat moss treated, It showed excellent survival maintenance and growth effects compared to the commercial bed soil product treatment group.

In other words, except for the result of No. 3, in which a small amount of the modified medium was added compared to other treatment groups, a particularly excellent effect was obtained in No. 4 and No. 5, in which the same amount was added and 500 ml.

On the other hand, the effect of adding top soil was more evident in pine seedlings than in larch, and the height of growth excluding the height after 15 days after planting was the best in No. 5 medium treatment group at 210 days after planting.

That is, in the peat moss treatment zone No. 2, pine trees grew to 10.9 cm and larch trees to 4.8 cm, whereas commercial bed soil treatment zone No. 6 grew to 7.5 cm in pine trees and 3.2 cm in larch trees.

On the other hand, No. 4, the improved bed soil treatment group according to the present invention, grew to 10.9 cm in pine and 0.6 cm in larch, and No. 5 grew to 12.4 cm in pine and 3.7 cm in larch.

On the other hand, according to the experimental results, it can be evaluated that the growth rate is relatively excellent even in the peat moss treatment No. 2, but there is a problem that the cost increases and the excessive moisture of the soil increases over time, so it is not suitable for use for seedlings. It can be seen that there is

Therefore, in conclusion, the use of the improved medium of the present invention, which has a function of maintaining an appropriate soil humidity while reducing costs, has been proven superior due to a large difference in effect. Most preferably, it can be seen that the seedling growth rate of No. 5 treatment, in which 500 ml of the improved medium per tree was added, was excellent.

The above description of the present invention is for illustrative purposes, and those skilled in the art can understand that it can be easily modified into other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features of the present invention. will be. Therefore, the embodiments described above should be understood as illustrative in all respects and not limiting. For example, each component described as a single type may be implemented in a distributed manner, and similarly, components described as distributed may be implemented in a combined form. Terms used in the present invention are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the present invention, terms such as "comprise" or "having" are intended to designate that there is a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification, but one or more other features It should be understood that the presence or addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof is not precluded. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the following claims rather than the detailed description above, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and equivalent concepts should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention. do.

10: top soil
20 : Dirt

Claims (10)

delete delete delete delete delete Bark and sawdust are blended in a weight ratio of 7:3 to 8:2, and urea fertilizer is added so that the carbon mass ratio (C/N ratio) of the blended composition is 30 to 40, and fermented at room temperature for 1 to 2 months to ferment the maternity product. manufacturing soil;
Drying the soil for pregnant women products so that the moisture content is 15 to 20%;
A bed soil composition by mixing 30 to 40% by weight of the dried maternity product soil, 25 to 40% by weight of river sand or vermiculite powder, 10 to 20% by weight of peat moss, 10 to 15% by weight of vermiculite, and 5 to 10% by weight of a compound fertilizer. Preparing a step, and
A method for producing a bed soil comprising the step of drying the bed soil composition so that the moisture content is 15 to 20%. The method of claim 6, wherein the bed soil further comprises 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a wetting agent. Adding topsoil to the lowermost surface of the bottom of the pit for planting seedlings and sprinkling water, and planting the seedlings by shaking the roots so that the topsoil has a large contact area between the roots of the seedlings, covering the soil, compacting it, and then watering it. In the planting method comprising the step of sprinkling,
The soil is fermented at room temperature for 1 to 2 months by mixing bark and sawdust at a weight ratio of 7:3 to 8:2, adding urea fertilizer so that the carbon mass ratio (C / N ratio) of the blended composition is 30 to 40 30 to 40% by weight of fermented maternal product soil, 25 to 40% by weight of river sand or vermiculite powder, 10 to 20% by weight of peat moss, 10 to 15% by weight of vermiculite, and 5 to 10% by weight of a compound fertilizer,
Planting method, characterized in that the addition of 200 to 1000ml or 200 to 1000g of the medium per seedling. According to claim 8,
The planting method characterized in that 500ml or 500g of the soil is used per week of pine seedlings. According to claim 8,
The planting method characterized in that 300 to 500ml or 300 to 500g of the medium is used per week of larch seedlings.

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