CN115486339B - Technology for efficiently improving sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning - Google Patents

Technology for efficiently improving sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning Download PDF

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CN115486339B
CN115486339B CN202211057877.5A CN202211057877A CN115486339B CN 115486339 B CN115486339 B CN 115486339B CN 202211057877 A CN202211057877 A CN 202211057877A CN 115486339 B CN115486339 B CN 115486339B
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sugarcane
eucalyptus
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fertilizer
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CN115486339A (en
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梁强
李毅杰
刘晓燕
宋修鹏
林善海
宁德林
桂意云
刘璐
李杨瑞
梁光凤
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/55—Sugar cane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Abstract

The invention relates to a technology for efficiently changing sugarcane seeds in a barren area by returning eucalyptus, which comprises the following steps: (1) eucalyptus treatment; (2) planting green manure; (3) eucalyptus garden soil treatment; (4) sugarcane planting management; (5) harvesting sugarcane. Green manure is planted, and the soil is ploughed and planted, so that the soil can be initially improved; the first soil improvement fertilizer is added and soil is deeply ploughed, so that the problems of poor ventilation and single soil flora caused by soil hardening can be effectively relieved; the second soil improvement fertilizer is added and the soil is cultivated, so that the pH value of the soil can be adjusted, and the soil fertility is increased; spreading a third soil improvement fertilizer and shallow plowing soil to improve more nutrients for the growth of the sugarcane, wherein the sugarcane is not easy to dehydrate, and the white cotton-making holes of the sugarcane core are relieved; the soil is subjected to multiple improvement, and then the foliar fertilizer is sprayed to improve more nutrients for the sugarcane, so that the sugarcane is greatly increased in weight and thickened, the increase of the sugarcane is slightly inhibited, the occurrence of white cotton with holes on the sugarcane core is further relieved, and the quality of the sugarcane is ensured.

Description

Technology for efficiently improving sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a technology for efficiently improving sugarcane seeds in a barren land by returning eucalyptus.
Background
Sugarcane is a temperate and tropical crop, is a raw material for manufacturing sucrose, and can refine ethanol as an energy substitute. Sugarcane is produced in more than one hundred countries worldwide, with the largest sugarcane producing countries being Brazil, india and China. The sugarcane contains rich sugar and water, and also contains various vitamins, fat, protein, organic acid, calcium, iron and other substances which are very beneficial to metabolism of human bodies, and is mainly used for preparing sugar.
Most varieties of eucalyptus are tall trees, few small trees, and few shrubs. The shape of the crown is pointed tower shape, multi-branch shape, vertical branch shape, etc. Single leaf, all-round, leather, sometimes coated with a thin wax. Leaves can be classified into young leaves, middle leaves and mature leaves, and leaves of most varieties are grown, smaller, heart-shaped or needle-shaped. The damage existing in eucalyptus planting is as follows:
1. eucalyptus is a fast-growing and high-yield forest, the water demand is very high, the groundwater level can be lowered when the eucalyptus is planted in soil, the soil can be hardened after long-time planting, and the desertification phenomenon occurs.
2. The eucalyptus has higher fertilizer requirements, and the soil fertility is reduced greatly in places where the eucalyptus is planted, so that the original vegetation is insufficiently nourished to die.
3. Eucalyptus is itself nontoxic, but releases a smell that is harmful to the human body and is difficult to clean. In addition, the water is extremely polluted, and certain harm is caused after people and poultry drink the water.
In the early years, due to the high profit of eucalyptus planting and the large planting amount of eucalyptus, people are increasingly aware of the harm caused by eucalyptus planting to the environment in recent years, and more farmers begin to aim at planting other crops in eucalyptus planting places. However, the eucalyptus is damaged to the soil, and other crops are transplanted, for example, black potato cores are easily caused by the potato seeds transplanted in eucalyptus planting places, white cotton with holes in sugarcane cores are easily caused by the sugarcane seeds transplanted. In order to avoid the problem that the eucalyptus cultivated land is used for cultivating sugarcane and the core of sugarcane is easy to generate white hair and cotton is hollow, a new reliable technology for returning eucalyptus and cultivating barren lands and efficiently improving the sugarcane is needed to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a technology capable of relieving the white and cotton-making hollow of a sugarcane core, guaranteeing the quality of the sugarcane and improving the planting income, and efficiently improving the planting of the sugarcane in the dead land of the eucalyptus-returning cultivation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a technology for efficiently changing sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning comprises the following steps:
(1) Eucalyptus processing: selecting a eucalyptus garden to be planted with sugarcane, cutting down eucalyptus and dragging away eucalyptus bodies; digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments; adding bamboo shoot shell powder according to 50-60% of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding chicken manure according to 120-130% of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding EM bacterial liquid according to 0.02-0.05 per mill of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding water according to 30-40% of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting to obtain a eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer;
(2) Planting green manure: weeding the eucalyptus garden for 8-9 months, sowing green manure seeds on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and ploughing the green manure into soil in the period from 12 months to 1 month of the next year;
(3) Eucalyptus garden soil treatment:
3.1 Uniformly spreading a first soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and mechanically deep ploughing the soil of the eucalyptus garden to a deep ploughing depth of 35-40 cm; the first soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer, 40-50 parts of straw powder and 15-20 parts of oil tea residues;
3.2 Uniformly spreading sugarcane ash on the ground of a eucalyptus garden as a second soil improvement fertilizer, and intertillage the soil, wherein the intertillage depth is 20-25 cm;
3.3 Uniformly spreading a third soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, shallow plowing soil, and enabling the shallow plowing depth to be 12-16 cm; the third soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of decomposed pig manure, 16-18 parts of ground phosphate rock and 12-15 parts of charcoal powder;
(4) And (3) sugarcane planting management:
4.1 Selecting a half-stem seed of annual sugarcane or a full-stem seed of annual sugarcane with no disease infection, high yield and high sugar as a sugarcane seed, and cutting the sugarcane seed into double bud segments to obtain the sugarcane seed to be sown;
4.2 Sterilizing sugarcane seeds to be sowed, sowing for 2-4 months, wherein the sowing amount is 4000-6000 buds/mu;
4.3 Applying 30-35 kg/mu of mixed fermentation fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the planting land after sowing, covering soil, and covering mulching film to complete the film-covered cultivation; the mixed fermentation fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of sugarcane leaves, 25-30 parts of bagasse ash and 120-150 parts of livestock manure;
4.4 Miao Bumiao, manually breaking the film of the sugarcane seedlings which are not broken, helping the sugarcane seedlings to emerge, and simultaneously making drought-preventing and water-retaining work;
4.5 55-60 kg of mixed fermentation fertilizer, 30-35 kg of decomposed pig manure, 20-25 kg of sugarcane ash and 0.05-0.08 g of tillering-promoting plant growth regulator are applied to each mu from the final tillering stage to the initial elongation stage; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of gibberellin and 15-17 parts of indoleacetic acid;
4.6 Spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 to 3 times in 5 to 6 months and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 3 to 4 times in 7 to 8 months respectively; the foliar fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100 to 120 parts of biogas slurry, 5 to 8 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid and 0.015 to 0.018 parts of paclobutrazol;
4.7 8-10 months to strip old leaf blight leaves for 2-3 times;
4.8 Spraying and controlling according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests; weeding management is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds on the ground of the sugarcane;
(5) Harvesting sugarcane: sugarcane is harvested from 1 month end to 2 months end in the next year.
Further, in the step (1), sealing and fermenting for 20-30 days, so that the eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer can be obtained.
Further, in the step (1), a eucalyptus garden for sugarcane to be planted is selected, eucalyptus is cut down, and eucalyptus tree bodies are towed away; digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments; adding bamboo shoot shell powder according to 55-60% of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding chicken manure according to 125-130% of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding EM bacterial liquid according to 0.03-0.05 per mill of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding water according to 35-40% of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting to obtain the eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer.
Further, weeding the eucalyptus garden, uniformly spreading 25-30 kg/mu of first soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and mechanically deep ploughing the soil of the eucalyptus garden to a deep ploughing depth of 36-40 cm; the first soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110-120 parts of eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer, 45-50 parts of straw powder and 17-20 parts of oil tea residues.
Further, the dosage of the second soil improvement fertilizer in the step 3.2) is 35-40 kg/mu.
Further, the step 3.3) uniformly spreading a third soil improvement fertilizer 45-50 kg/mu on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, shallow plowing soil, wherein the shallow plowing depth is 13-16 cm; the third soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110-120 parts of decomposed pig manure, 17-18 parts of ground phosphate rock and 13-15 parts of charcoal powder.
Further, the method for sterilizing sugarcane seeds to be sowed in the step 4.2) comprises the following steps: seed soaking with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 900-1000 times liquid for 10-15 min.
Further, in the step 4.6), the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 2 to 3 times in 5 to 6 months and 3 to 4 times in 7 to 8 months respectively; the foliar fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 to 120 parts of biogas slurry, 6 to 8 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid and 0.016 to 0.018 part of paclobutrazol.
Further, the foliar fertilizer in the step 4.6) also comprises 0.14 to 0.16 weight part of compound sodium nitrophenolate.
Further, the foliar fertilizer in the step 4.6) also comprises 0.15 to 0.16 weight part of compound sodium nitrophenolate.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention relates to a technology for efficiently improving seed sugarcane in a barren land by returning eucalyptus, which aims at solving the problems that seed sugarcane is easy to turn white and cotton with core and has holes when being transferred due to the problems of soil hardening, insufficient soil fertility, low soil moisture content, single soil flora and the like in eucalyptus, firstly, green manure is planted, and soil is ploughed and filled, so that the soil can be initially improved; the first soil improvement fertilizer is specially added and deep ploughed, the bamboo shoot shell powder and eucalyptus root powder in the first soil improvement fertilizer are incompletely fermented, the fermented part provides a large amount of nutrients for the soil, the unfermented part is in a porous state, the problem of poor ventilation caused by soil hardening can be effectively relieved, the rice straw powder in the first soil improvement fertilizer is also in a porous state, the problem of poor ventilation of the soil is further relieved, the oil tea residues become a warm bed for propagation of more bacterial groups, the problem of single soil bacterial group is solved, and the soil problem of eucalyptus land can be greatly improved by adding the first soil improvement fertilizer; the sugarcane ash is spread as a second soil improvement fertilizer and the soil is cultivated, so that the pH value of the soil can be adjusted, the soil fertility is increased, and more nutrients are improved for the growth of sugarcane; spreading a third soil improvement fertilizer and shallow plowing the soil to ensure that the surface soil is rich in decomposed pig manure, ground phosphate rock and charcoal powder, so that more nutrients are improved for the growth of the sugarcane, the sugarcane is not easy to dehydrate, and the phenomenon that the sugarcane core is white and cotton is hollow is relieved; the soil is subjected to multiple improvement, then, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 2 to 3 times in 5 to 6 months and 3 to 4 times in 7 to 8 months respectively, the foliar fertilizer not only improves more nutrients for the growth of the sugarcane, but also has the effects of delaying the growth of the sugarcane, inhibiting the elongation of the stem of the sugarcane, shortening internodes, promoting the tillering of the sugarcane, increasing the stress resistance of the sugarcane and the like, helps the sugarcane to increase the weight and thicken greatly, slightly inhibits the increase of the sugarcane, further relieves the white cotton with the sugarcane core and ensures the quality of the sugarcane; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator is also added, so that the tillering capability of the sugarcane can be effectively enhanced.
The invention relates to a technology for efficiently improving sugarcane seeds in a barren land by returning eucalyptus, which also comprises compound sodium nitrophenolate, wherein the compound sodium nitrophenolate is a powerful cell activating agent, can quickly permeate into the sugarcane body after contacting with the sugarcane, promotes the flow of protoplasm of cells, improves the activity of the cells, and effectively relieves the cracking of the sugarcane, thereby playing a role in reducing the incidence rate of red hearts of the sugarcane and further improving the quality of the sugarcane.
Detailed Description
The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in a more complete understanding of the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer is prepared by utilizing the eucalyptus root, the eucalyptus root can be effectively utilized, and when the eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer prepared by the eucalyptus root is insufficient for turning over the sugarcane, branches which cannot be processed into wood products on the eucalyptus are utilized to ferment into the eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer, so that the eucalyptus waste can be comprehensively utilized, and the practicability is strong.
The invention relates to a technology for efficiently changing sugarcane seeds in a barren area by returning eucalyptus and plowing, wherein the sugarcane seed in the following embodiment is No. 42 cinnamate.
The green manure used in the step (2) is the vetch, and in the actual operation process, farmers can select a proper green manure according to the conditions, and the technique is not limited to the vetch mentioned in the following embodiments; high biomass leguminous plants may also be selected as green manure.
Example 1
A technology for efficiently changing sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning comprises the following steps:
(1) Eucalyptus processing: selecting a eucalyptus garden to be planted with sugarcane, cutting down eucalyptus and pulling away eucalyptus bodiesThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments; adding bamboo shoot shell powder 50% of the eucalyptus root powder, adding chicken manure 120% of the eucalyptus root powder, and adding effective microorganism content 0.02%>2*10 9 Adding water into the EM bacterial liquid of CFU/ml according to 30% of the weight of the crushed eucalyptus root, uniformly mixing, and sealing and fermenting for 20 days to obtain a eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer; the fermentation area can be selected in the field, covered with a film and fermented in a sealing way;
(2) Planting green manure: weeding the eucalyptus garden 8 months earlier, sowing 4 kg of vetch seeds per mu on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and turning over green manure into soil in the period from 12 months to 1 month next year;
(3) Eucalyptus garden soil treatment:
3.1 Uniformly spreading a first soil improvement fertilizer of 25 kg/mu on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, and mechanically deep ploughing the soil of the eucalyptus garden to a deep ploughing depth of 35 cm; the first soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer, 40 parts of straw powder and 15 parts of oil tea residues;
3.2 Uniformly spreading sugarcane ash on the ground of a eucalyptus garden as a second soil improvement fertilizer of 35 kg/mu, and cultivating soil with a cultivation depth of 20cm;
3.3 Uniformly spreading a third soil improvement fertilizer of 45 kg/mu on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, shallow plowing soil, and enabling the shallow plowing depth to be 12cm; the third soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of decomposed pig manure, 16 parts of ground phosphate rock and 12 parts of charcoal powder;
(4) And (3) sugarcane planting management:
4.1 Selecting a half-stem seed of annual sugarcane or a full-stem seed of annual sugarcane with no disease infection, high yield and high sugar as a sugarcane seed, and cutting the sugarcane seed into double bud segments to obtain the sugarcane seed to be sown; the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 42;
4.2 Soaking seeds for 10min by using 900 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, sterilizing sugarcane seeds to be sown, and sowing for 2-4 months, wherein the sowing amount is 4000 buds/mu;
4.3 Applying 30 kg/mu of mixed fermentation fertilizer as a base fertilizer on a planting field after sowing, covering soil, and covering black mulching film to finish film-covered cultivation; the mixed fermentation fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of sugarcane leaves, 25 parts of bagasse ash and 120 parts of livestock manure;
4.4 Miao Bumiao, manually breaking the film of the sugarcane seedlings which are not broken, helping the sugarcane seedlings to emerge, and simultaneously making drought-preventing and water-retaining work;
4.5 55kg of mixed fermentation fertilizer is applied for each mu from the final tillering stage to the initial extending stage, 30kg of soil is covered, 30kg of decomposed pig manure, 20kg of sugarcane ash and 0.05g of tillering-promoting plant growth regulator are covered; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of gibberellin and 15 parts of indoleacetic acid;
4.6 Spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 times in 5-6 months and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 3 times in 7-8 months respectively; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed preferably in sunny weather; the foliar fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of biogas slurry, 5 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid, 0.015 part of paclobutrazol and 0.14 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate; the dosage of the single-spraying foliar fertilizer is 160 kg/mu;
4.7 8-10 months, stripping the old leaf blight leaves for 2 times;
3.8 Spraying and controlling according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests; weeding management is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds on the ground of the sugarcane;
(5) Harvesting sugarcane: sugarcane is harvested from 1 month end to 2 months end in the next year.
Example 2
A technology for efficiently changing sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning comprises the following steps:
(1) Eucalyptus processing: selecting a eucalyptus garden to be planted with sugarcane, cutting down eucalyptus and dragging away eucalyptus bodies; digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments; adding bamboo shoot shell powder 60% of the eucalyptus root powder, adding chicken manure 130% of the eucalyptus root powder, and adding effective microorganism content 0.05% >2*10 9 Adding water into the CFU/ml EM bacterial liquid according to 40% of the weight of the crushed eucalyptus root, uniformly mixing, and sealing and fermenting for 30 days to obtain a eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer; the fermentation area can be selected in the field, covered with a film and fermented in a sealing way;
(2) Planting green manure: weeding the eucalyptus garden before 9 months, sowing 4 kg of vetch seeds per mu on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and turning over green manure into soil in the period from 12 months to 1 month next year;
(3) Eucalyptus garden soil treatment:
3.1 Uniformly spreading 30 kg/mu of first soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, and mechanically deep ploughing the soil of the eucalyptus garden to a deep ploughing depth of 40 cm; the first soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer, 50 parts of straw powder and 20 parts of oil tea residues;
3.2 Uniformly spreading sugarcane ash on the ground of a eucalyptus garden as a second soil improvement fertilizer of 40 kg/mu, and cultivating soil with a cultivation depth of 25cm;
3.3 Uniformly spreading 50 kg/mu of third soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, shallow plowing soil, wherein the shallow plowing depth is 16cm; the third soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of decomposed pig manure, 18 parts of ground phosphate rock and 15 parts of charcoal powder;
(4) And (3) sugarcane planting management:
4.1 Selecting a half-stem seed of annual sugarcane or a full-stem seed of annual sugarcane with no disease infection, high yield and high sugar as a sugarcane seed, and cutting the sugarcane seed into double bud segments to obtain the sugarcane seed to be sown; the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 42;
4.2 Soaking seeds for 15min by using 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, sterilizing sugarcane seeds to be sowed, and sowing for 2-4 months, wherein the sowing amount is 6000 buds/mu;
4.3 Applying 35 kg/mu of mixed fermentation fertilizer as a base fertilizer on a planting field after sowing, covering soil, and covering black mulching film to complete film-covered cultivation; the mixed fermentation fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of sugarcane leaves, 30 parts of bagasse ash and 150 parts of livestock manure;
4.4 Miao Bumiao, manually breaking the film of the sugarcane seedlings which are not broken, helping the sugarcane seedlings to emerge, and simultaneously making drought-preventing and water-retaining work;
4.5 60kg of mixed fermentation fertilizer is applied for each mu from the final tillering stage to the initial elongation stage, 35kg of soil is covered, 35kg of decomposed pig manure, 25kg of sugarcane ash and 0.08g of tillering-promoting plant growth regulator are covered; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator consists of the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of gibberellin and 17 parts of indoleacetic acid;
4.6 Spraying the foliar fertilizer for 3 times in 5-6 months and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 4 times in 7-8 months respectively; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed preferably in sunny weather; the foliar fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of biogas slurry, 8 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid, 0.018 part of paclobutrazol and 0.16 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate; the dosage of the single-spraying foliar fertilizer is 180 kg/mu;
4.7 8-10 months, stripping old leaf blight 3 times;
4.8 Spraying and controlling according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests; weeding management is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds on the ground of the sugarcane;
(5) Harvesting sugarcane: sugarcane is harvested from 1 month end to 2 months end in the next year.
Example 3
A technology for efficiently changing sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning comprises the following steps:
(1) Eucalyptus processing: selecting a eucalyptus garden to be planted with sugarcane, cutting down eucalyptus and dragging away eucalyptus bodies; digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments; adding bamboo shoot shell powder 55% of the eucalyptus root powder, adding chicken manure 125% of the eucalyptus root powder, and adding effective microorganism content 0.03%>2*10 9 Adding water into the CFU/ml EM bacterial liquid according to 35% of the weight of the crushed eucalyptus root, uniformly mixing, and sealing and fermenting for 25 days to obtain a eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer; the fermentation area can be selected in the field, covered with a film and fermented in a sealing way;
(2) Planting green manure: weeding the eucalyptus garden 8 months earlier, sowing 4 kg of vetch seeds per mu on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and turning over green manure into soil in the period from 12 months to 1 month next year;
(3) Eucalyptus garden soil treatment:
3.1 Uniformly spreading 28 kg/mu of first soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, and mechanically deep ploughing the soil of the eucalyptus garden to a deep ploughing depth of 36 cm; the first soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer, 45 parts of straw powder and 17 parts of oil tea residues;
3.2 Uniformly spreading sugarcane ash on the ground of a eucalyptus garden as a second soil improvement fertilizer of 38 kg/mu, and cultivating soil with a cultivation depth of 22cm;
3.3 Uniformly spreading 48 kg/mu of third soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, shallow plowing soil, wherein the shallow plowing depth is 13cm; the third soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of decomposed pig manure, 17 parts of ground phosphate rock and 13 parts of charcoal powder;
(4) And (3) sugarcane planting management:
4.1 Selecting a half-stem seed of annual sugarcane or a full-stem seed of annual sugarcane with no disease infection, high yield and high sugar as a sugarcane seed, and cutting the sugarcane seed into double bud segments to obtain the sugarcane seed to be sown; the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 42;
4.2 Soaking seeds for 12min by using 950 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, sterilizing sugarcane seeds to be sown, and sowing for 2-4 months, wherein the sowing amount is 5000 buds/mu;
4.3 Applying 32 kg/mu of mixed fermentation fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the planting land after sowing, covering soil, and covering black mulching film to finish the mulching film cultivation; the mixed fermentation fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of sugarcane leaves, 27 parts of bagasse ash and 130 parts of livestock manure;
4.4 Miao Bumiao, manually breaking the film of the sugarcane seedlings which are not broken, helping the sugarcane seedlings to emerge, and simultaneously making drought-preventing and water-retaining work;
4.5 58kg of mixed fermentation fertilizer, 32kg of soil-covered and decomposed pig manure, 23kg of sugarcane ash and 0.06g of tillering-promoting plant growth regulator are applied per mu from the final tillering stage to the initial elongation stage; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator consists of the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of gibberellin and 16 parts of indoleacetic acid;
4.6 Spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 times in 5-6 months and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 4 times in 7-8 months respectively; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed preferably in sunny weather; the foliar fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of biogas slurry, 6 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid, 0.016 part of paclobutrazol and 0.15 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate; the dosage of the single-spraying foliar fertilizer is 170 kg/mu;
4.7 8-10 months, stripping old leaf blight 3 times;
4.8 Spraying and controlling according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests; weeding management is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds on the ground of the sugarcane;
(5) Harvesting sugarcane: sugarcane is harvested from 1 month end to 2 months end in the next year.
Example 4
A technology for efficiently changing sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning comprises the following steps:
(1) Eucalyptus processing: selecting a eucalyptus garden to be planted with sugarcane, cutting down eucalyptus and dragging away eucalyptus bodies; digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments; adding bamboo shoot shell powder 55% of the eucalyptus root powder, adding chicken manure 125% of the eucalyptus root powder, and adding effective microorganism content 0.03% >2*10 9 Adding water into the CFU/ml EM bacterial liquid according to 35% of the weight of the crushed eucalyptus root, uniformly mixing, and sealing and fermenting for 25 days to obtain a eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer; the fermentation area can be selected in the field, covered with a film and fermented in a sealing way;
(2) Planting green manure: weeding the eucalyptus garden 8 months earlier, sowing 4 kg of vetch seeds per mu on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and turning over green manure into soil in the period from 12 months to 1 month next year;
(3) Eucalyptus garden soil treatment:
3.1 Uniformly spreading 28 kg/mu of first soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, and mechanically deep ploughing the soil of the eucalyptus garden to a deep ploughing depth of 36 cm; the first soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer, 45 parts of straw powder and 17 parts of oil tea residues;
3.2 Uniformly spreading sugarcane ash on the ground of a eucalyptus garden as a second soil improvement fertilizer of 38 kg/mu, and cultivating soil with a cultivation depth of 22cm;
3.3 Uniformly spreading 48 kg/mu of third soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, shallow plowing soil, wherein the shallow plowing depth is 13cm; the third soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of decomposed pig manure, 17 parts of ground phosphate rock and 13 parts of charcoal powder;
(4) And (3) sugarcane planting management:
4.1 Selecting a half-stem seed of annual sugarcane or a full-stem seed of annual sugarcane with no disease infection, high yield and high sugar as a sugarcane seed, and cutting the sugarcane seed into double bud segments to obtain the sugarcane seed to be sown; the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 42;
4.2 Soaking seeds for 12min by using 950 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, sterilizing sugarcane seeds to be sown, and sowing for 2-4 months, wherein the sowing amount is 5000 buds/mu;
4.3 Applying 32 kg/mu of mixed fermentation fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the planting land after sowing, covering soil, and covering black mulching film to finish the mulching film cultivation; the mixed fermentation fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of sugarcane leaves, 27 parts of bagasse ash and 130 parts of livestock manure;
4.4 Miao Bumiao, manually breaking the film of the sugarcane seedlings which are not broken, helping the sugarcane seedlings to emerge, and simultaneously making drought-preventing and water-retaining work;
4.5 58kg of mixed fermentation fertilizer, 32kg of soil-covered and decomposed pig manure, 23kg of sugarcane ash and 0.06g of tillering-promoting plant growth regulator are applied per mu from the final tillering stage to the initial elongation stage; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator consists of the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of gibberellin and 16 parts of indoleacetic acid;
4.6 Spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 times in 5-6 months and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 4 times in 7-8 months respectively; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed preferably in sunny weather; the foliar fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of biogas slurry, 6 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid and 0.016 part of paclobutrazol; the dosage of the single-spraying foliar fertilizer is 170 kg/mu;
4.7 8-10 months, stripping old leaf blight 3 times;
4.8 Spraying and controlling according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests; weeding management is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds on the ground of the sugarcane;
(5) Harvesting sugarcane: sugarcane is harvested from 1 month end to 2 months end in the next year.
Comparative example 1
A technology for efficiently changing sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning comprises the following steps:
(1) Eucalyptus processing: selecting a eucalyptus garden to be planted with sugarcane, cutting down eucalyptus and dragging away eucalyptus bodies; digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments; adding bamboo shoot shell powder 55% by weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding chicken manure 125% by weight of eucalyptus root powder, and adding chicken manure to the mixture0.03 per mill of effective microorganism content is added>2*10 9 Adding water into the CFU/ml EM bacterial liquid according to 35% of the weight of the crushed eucalyptus root, uniformly mixing, and sealing and fermenting for 25 days to obtain a eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer; the fermentation area can be selected in the field, covered with a film and fermented in a sealing way;
(2) Planting green manure: weeding the eucalyptus garden 8 months earlier, sowing 4kg of vetch seeds per mu on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and turning over green manure into soil in the period from 12 months to 1 month next year;
(3) Eucalyptus garden soil treatment:
uniformly spreading 114 kg/mu of first soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, and mechanically deep ploughing the soil of the eucalyptus garden to a deep ploughing depth of 36 cm; the first soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer, 45 parts of straw powder and 17 parts of oil tea residues;
(4) And (3) sugarcane planting management:
4.1 Selecting a half-stem seed of annual sugarcane or a full-stem seed of annual sugarcane with no disease infection, high yield and high sugar as a sugarcane seed, and cutting the sugarcane seed into double bud segments to obtain the sugarcane seed to be sown; the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 42;
4.2 Soaking seeds for 12min by using 950 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, sterilizing sugarcane seeds to be sown, and sowing for 2-4 months, wherein the sowing amount is 5000 buds/mu;
4.3 Applying 32 kg/mu of mixed fermentation fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the planting land after sowing, covering soil, and covering black mulching film to finish the mulching film cultivation; the mixed fermentation fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of sugarcane leaves, 27 parts of bagasse ash and 130 parts of livestock manure;
4.4 Miao Bumiao, manually breaking the film of the sugarcane seedlings which are not broken, helping the sugarcane seedlings to emerge, and simultaneously making drought-preventing and water-retaining work;
4.5 58kg of mixed fermentation fertilizer, 32kg of soil-covered and decomposed pig manure, 23kg of sugarcane ash and 0.06g of tillering-promoting plant growth regulator are applied per mu from the final tillering stage to the initial elongation stage; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator consists of the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of gibberellin and 16 parts of indoleacetic acid;
4.6 Spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 times in 5-6 months and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 4 times in 7-8 months respectively; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed preferably in sunny weather; the foliar fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of biogas slurry, 6 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid, 0.016 part of paclobutrazol and 0.15 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate; the dosage of the single-spraying foliar fertilizer is 170 kg/mu;
4.7 8-10 months, stripping old leaf blight 3 times;
4.8 Spraying and controlling according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests; weeding management is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds on the ground of the sugarcane;
(5) Harvesting sugarcane: sugarcane is harvested from 1 month end to 2 months end in the next year.
Comparative example 2
A technology for efficiently changing sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning comprises the following steps:
(1) Eucalyptus processing: selecting a eucalyptus garden to be planted with sugarcane, cutting down eucalyptus and dragging away eucalyptus bodies; digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments;
(2) Planting green manure: weeding the eucalyptus garden 8 months earlier, sowing 4kg of vetch seeds per mu on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and turning over green manure into soil in the period from 12 months to 1 month next year;
(3) Eucalyptus garden soil treatment:
uniformly spreading sugarcane ash on the ground of a eucalyptus garden as a second soil improvement fertilizer of 114 kg/mu, and cultivating soil with a cultivation depth of 22cm;
(4) And (3) sugarcane planting management:
4.1 Selecting a half-stem seed of annual sugarcane or a full-stem seed of annual sugarcane with no disease infection, high yield and high sugar as a sugarcane seed, and cutting the sugarcane seed into double bud segments to obtain the sugarcane seed to be sown; the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 42;
4.2 Soaking seeds for 12min by using 950 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, sterilizing sugarcane seeds to be sown, and sowing for 2-4 months, wherein the sowing amount is 5000 buds/mu;
4.3 Applying 32 kg/mu of mixed fermentation fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the planting land after sowing, covering soil, and covering black mulching film to finish the mulching film cultivation; the mixed fermentation fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of sugarcane leaves, 27 parts of bagasse ash and 130 parts of livestock manure;
4.4 Miao Bumiao, manually breaking the film of the sugarcane seedlings which are not broken, helping the sugarcane seedlings to emerge, and simultaneously making drought-preventing and water-retaining work;
4.5 58kg of mixed fermentation fertilizer, 32kg of soil-covered and decomposed pig manure, 23kg of sugarcane ash and 0.06g of tillering-promoting plant growth regulator are applied per mu from the final tillering stage to the initial elongation stage; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator consists of the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of gibberellin and 16 parts of indoleacetic acid;
4.6 Spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 times in 5-6 months and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 4 times in 7-8 months respectively; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed preferably in sunny weather; the foliar fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of biogas slurry, 6 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid, 0.016 part of paclobutrazol and 0.15 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate; the dosage of the single-spraying foliar fertilizer is 170 kg/mu;
4.7 8-10 months, stripping old leaf blight 3 times;
4.8 Spraying and controlling according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests; weeding management is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds on the ground of the sugarcane;
(5) Harvesting sugarcane: sugarcane is harvested from 1 month end to 2 months end in the next year.
Comparative example 3
A technology for efficiently changing sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning comprises the following steps:
(1) Eucalyptus processing: selecting a eucalyptus garden to be planted with sugarcane, cutting down eucalyptus and dragging away eucalyptus bodies; digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments;
(2) Planting green manure: weeding the eucalyptus garden 8 months earlier, sowing 4kg of vetch seeds per mu on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and turning over green manure into soil in the period from 12 months to 1 month next year;
(3) Eucalyptus garden soil treatment:
uniformly spreading a third soil improvement fertilizer 114 kg/mu on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, shallow plowing soil, and enabling the shallow plowing depth to be 13cm; the third soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of decomposed pig manure, 17 parts of ground phosphate rock and 13 parts of charcoal powder;
(4) And (3) sugarcane planting management:
4.1 Selecting a half-stem seed of annual sugarcane or a full-stem seed of annual sugarcane with no disease infection, high yield and high sugar as a sugarcane seed, and cutting the sugarcane seed into double bud segments to obtain the sugarcane seed to be sown; the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 42;
4.2 Soaking seeds for 12min by using 950 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, sterilizing sugarcane seeds to be sown, and sowing for 2-4 months, wherein the sowing amount is 5000 buds/mu;
4.3 Applying 32 kg/mu of mixed fermentation fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the planting land after sowing, covering soil, and covering black mulching film to finish the mulching film cultivation; the mixed fermentation fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of sugarcane leaves, 27 parts of bagasse ash and 130 parts of livestock manure;
4.4 Miao Bumiao, manually breaking the film of the sugarcane seedlings which are not broken, helping the sugarcane seedlings to emerge, and simultaneously making drought-preventing and water-retaining work;
4.5 58kg of mixed fermentation fertilizer, 32kg of soil-covered and decomposed pig manure, 23kg of sugarcane ash and 0.06g of tillering-promoting plant growth regulator are applied per mu from the final tillering stage to the initial elongation stage; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator consists of the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of gibberellin and 16 parts of indoleacetic acid;
4.6 Spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 times in 5-6 months and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 4 times in 7-8 months respectively; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed preferably in sunny weather; the foliar fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of biogas slurry, 6 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid, 0.016 part of paclobutrazol and 0.15 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate; the dosage of the single-spraying foliar fertilizer is 170 kg/mu;
4.7 8-10 months, stripping old leaf blight 3 times;
4.8 Spraying and controlling according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests; weeding management is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds on the ground of the sugarcane;
(5) Harvesting sugarcane: sugarcane is harvested from 1 month end to 2 months end in the next year.
Comparative example 4
A technology for efficiently changing sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning comprises the following steps:
(1) Eucalyptus processing: selecting a eucalyptus garden to be planted with sugarcane, cutting down eucalyptus and dragging away eucalyptus bodies; digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments;
(2) Planting green manure: weeding the eucalyptus garden 8 months earlier, sowing 4kg of vetch seeds per mu on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and turning over green manure into soil in the period from 12 months to 1 month next year;
(3) Eucalyptus garden soil treatment:
applying decomposed pig manure 114 kg/mu, and cultivating soil with a cultivation depth of 22cm;
(4) And (3) sugarcane planting management:
4.1 Selecting a half-stem seed of annual sugarcane or a full-stem seed of annual sugarcane with no disease infection, high yield and high sugar as a sugarcane seed, and cutting the sugarcane seed into double bud segments to obtain the sugarcane seed to be sown; the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 42;
4.2 Soaking seeds for 12min by using 950 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, sterilizing sugarcane seeds to be sown, and sowing for 2-4 months, wherein the sowing amount is 5000 buds/mu;
4.3 Applying 32 kg/mu of mixed fermentation fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the planting land after sowing, covering soil, and covering black mulching film to finish the mulching film cultivation; the mixed fermentation fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of sugarcane leaves, 27 parts of bagasse ash and 130 parts of livestock manure;
4.4 Miao Bumiao, manually breaking the film of the sugarcane seedlings which are not broken, helping the sugarcane seedlings to emerge, and simultaneously making drought-preventing and water-retaining work;
4.5 58kg of mixed fermentation fertilizer, 32kg of soil-covered and decomposed pig manure, 23kg of sugarcane ash and 0.06g of tillering-promoting plant growth regulator are applied per mu from the final tillering stage to the initial elongation stage; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator consists of the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of gibberellin and 16 parts of indoleacetic acid;
4.6 Spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 times in 5-6 months and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 4 times in 7-8 months respectively; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed preferably in sunny weather; the foliar fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of biogas slurry, 6 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid, 0.016 part of paclobutrazol and 0.15 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate; the dosage of the single-spraying foliar fertilizer is 170 kg/mu;
4.7 8-10 months, stripping old leaf blight 3 times;
4.8 Spraying and controlling according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests; weeding management is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds on the ground of the sugarcane;
(5) Harvesting sugarcane: sugarcane is harvested from 1 month end to 2 months end in the next year.
Comparative example 5
A technology for efficiently changing sugarcane seeds in barren lands after eucalyptus returning comprises the following steps:
(1) Eucalyptus processing: selecting a eucalyptus garden to be planted with sugarcane, cutting down eucalyptus and dragging away eucalyptus bodies; digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments; adding bamboo shoot shell powder 55% of the eucalyptus root powder, adding chicken manure 125% of the eucalyptus root powder, and adding effective microorganism content 0.03% >2*10 9 Adding water into the CFU/ml EM bacterial liquid according to 35% of the weight of the crushed eucalyptus root, uniformly mixing, and sealing and fermenting for 25 days to obtain a eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer; the fermentation area can be selected in the field, covered with a film and fermented in a sealing way;
(2) Planting green manure: weeding the eucalyptus garden 8 months earlier, sowing 4 kg of vetch seeds per mu on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and turning over green manure into soil in the period from 12 months to 1 month next year;
(3) Eucalyptus garden soil treatment:
3.1 Uniformly spreading 28 kg/mu of first soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, and mechanically deep ploughing the soil of the eucalyptus garden to a deep ploughing depth of 36 cm; the first soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer, 45 parts of straw powder and 17 parts of oil tea residues;
3.2 Uniformly spreading sugarcane ash on the ground of a eucalyptus garden as a second soil improvement fertilizer of 38 kg/mu, and cultivating soil with a cultivation depth of 22cm;
3.3 Uniformly spreading 48 kg/mu of third soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, shallow plowing soil, wherein the shallow plowing depth is 13cm; the third soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of decomposed pig manure, 17 parts of ground phosphate rock and 13 parts of charcoal powder;
(4) And (3) sugarcane planting management:
4.1 Selecting a half-stem seed of annual sugarcane or a full-stem seed of annual sugarcane with no disease infection, high yield and high sugar as a sugarcane seed, and cutting the sugarcane seed into double bud segments to obtain the sugarcane seed to be sown; the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 42;
4.2 Soaking seeds for 12min by using 950 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, sterilizing sugarcane seeds to be sown, and sowing for 2-4 months, wherein the sowing amount is 5000 buds/mu;
4.3 Applying 32 kg/mu of mixed fermentation fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the planting land after sowing, covering soil, and covering black mulching film to finish the mulching film cultivation; the mixed fermentation fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of sugarcane leaves, 27 parts of bagasse ash and 130 parts of livestock manure;
4.4 Miao Bumiao, manually breaking the film of the sugarcane seedlings which are not broken, helping the sugarcane seedlings to emerge, and simultaneously making drought-preventing and water-retaining work;
4.5 58kg of mixed fermentation fertilizer, 32kg of soil-covered and decomposed pig manure, 23kg of sugarcane ash and 0.06g of tillering-promoting plant growth regulator are applied per mu from the final tillering stage to the initial elongation stage; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator consists of the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of gibberellin and 16 parts of indoleacetic acid;
4.6 8-10 months, stripping old leaf blight 3 times;
4.7 Spraying and controlling according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests; weeding management is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds on the ground of the sugarcane;
(5) Harvesting sugarcane: sugarcane is harvested from 1 month end to 2 months end in the next year.
The growth conditions of the sugarcane in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were counted, and the counted results are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Project Sugarcane yield (ton) Hollow sugarcane duty ratio (%) Cracked sugarcane duty ratio (mill) The ratio of red heart sugarcane (per mill)
Example 1 6.2 2.5 3.5 2.3
Example 2 6.5 3.6 3.7 2.5
Example 3 6.7 1.3 3.2 2.1
Example 4 6.4 2.2 6.7 3.5
Comparative example 1 5.6 24.5 8.8 4.3
Comparative example 2 5.5 26.9 7.2 4.2
Comparative example 3 5.4 25.8 7.6 5.6
Comparative example 4 5.0 28.9 8.2 6.5
Comparative example 5 5.8 18.9 7.7 5.7
The calculation method of the sugarcane duty ratio of the sugarcane core white hair cotton with holes in the table 1 comprises the following steps: randomly taking 1000 sugarcanes, wherein the number of the sugarcanes with holes on the white cotton of the sugarcane core is recorded as A, the number of the sugarcanes without holes on the white cotton of the sugarcane core is recorded as B, and the ratio (%) of the sugarcanes with holes on the white cotton of the sugarcane core is expressed as A/(A+B) x 100; similarly, the ratio of the cracked sugarcane to the ratio of the red-heart sugarcane is 10000, and the ratio of the cracked sugarcane to the ratio of the red-heart sugarcane is calculated.
According to the planting conditions in the embodiment, the technology for efficiently improving the sugarcane seeds in the barren lands after eucalyptus returning is known, and aims at solving the problems that the sugarcane seeds are easy to turn white and cotton and have holes in the sugarcane cores when the sugarcane seeds are transferred due to the problems of soil hardening, insufficient soil fertility, low soil moisture content, single soil flora and the like in eucalyptus lands, green manure is planted first, and soil is ploughed and planted, so that the soil can be initially improved; the first soil improvement fertilizer is specially added and deep ploughed, the bamboo shoot shell powder and eucalyptus root powder in the first soil improvement fertilizer are incompletely fermented, the fermented part provides a large amount of nutrients for the soil, the unfermented part is in a porous state, the problem of poor ventilation caused by soil hardening can be effectively relieved, the rice straw powder in the first soil improvement fertilizer is also in a porous state, the problem of poor ventilation of the soil is further relieved, the oil tea residues become a warm bed for propagation of more bacterial groups, the problem of single soil bacterial group is solved, and the soil problem of eucalyptus land can be greatly improved by adding the first soil improvement fertilizer; the sugarcane ash is spread as a second soil improvement fertilizer and the soil is cultivated, so that the pH value of the soil can be adjusted, the soil fertility is increased, and more nutrients are improved for the growth of sugarcane; spreading a third soil improvement fertilizer and shallow plowing the soil to ensure that the surface soil is rich in decomposed pig manure, ground phosphate rock and charcoal powder, so that more nutrients are improved for the growth of the sugarcane, the sugarcane is not easy to dehydrate, and the phenomenon that the sugarcane core is white and cotton is hollow is relieved; the soil is subjected to multiple improvement, then, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 2 to 3 times in 5 to 6 months and 3 to 4 times in 7 to 8 months respectively, the foliar fertilizer not only improves more nutrients for the growth of the sugarcane, but also has the effects of delaying the growth of the sugarcane, inhibiting the elongation of the stem of the sugarcane, shortening internodes, promoting the tillering of the sugarcane, increasing the stress resistance of the sugarcane and the like, helps the sugarcane to increase the weight and thicken greatly, slightly inhibits the increase of the sugarcane, further relieves the white cotton with the sugarcane core and ensures the quality of the sugarcane; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator is also added, so that the tillering capacity of the sugarcane can be effectively enhanced; the foliar fertilizer also comprises compound sodium nitrophenolate which is a powerful cell activator, can quickly permeate into the sugarcane body after being contacted with the sugarcane, promotes the flow of cell protoplasm, improves the cell activity, and effectively relieves the cracking of the sugarcane, thereby playing a role in reducing the incidence of red heart of the sugarcane and further improving the quality of the sugarcane.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (9)

1. A technology for efficiently changing sugarcane to a barren land after eucalyptus returning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Eucalyptus processing: selecting a eucalyptus garden to be planted with sugarcane, cutting down eucalyptus and dragging away eucalyptus bodies; digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments; adding bamboo shoot shell powder according to 50-60% of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding chicken manure according to 120-130% of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding EM bacterial liquid according to 0.02-0.05 per mill of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding water according to 30-40% of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting to obtain a eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer;
(2) Planting green manure: weeding the eucalyptus garden for 8-9 months, sowing green manure seeds on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and ploughing the green manure into soil in the period from 12 months to 1 month of the next year;
(3) Eucalyptus garden soil treatment:
3.1 Uniformly spreading a first soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of the eucalyptus garden, and mechanically deep ploughing the soil of the eucalyptus garden to a deep ploughing depth of 35-40 cm; the first soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer, 40-50 parts of straw powder and 15-20 parts of oil tea residues;
3.2 Uniformly spreading sugarcane ash on the ground of a eucalyptus garden as a second soil improvement fertilizer, and intertillage the soil, wherein the intertillage depth is 20-25 cm;
3.3 Uniformly spreading a third soil improvement fertilizer on the ground of a eucalyptus garden, shallow plowing soil, and enabling the shallow plowing depth to be 12-16 cm; the third soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of decomposed pig manure, 16-18 parts of ground phosphate rock and 12-15 parts of charcoal powder;
(4) And (3) sugarcane planting management:
4.1 Selecting a half-stem seed of annual sugarcane or a full-stem seed of annual sugarcane with no disease infection, high yield and high sugar as a sugarcane seed, and cutting the sugarcane seed into double bud segments to obtain the sugarcane seed to be sown;
4.2 Sterilizing sugarcane seeds to be sowed, sowing for 2-4 months, wherein the sowing amount is 4000-6000 buds/mu;
4.3 Applying 30-35 kg/mu of mixed fermentation fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the planting land after sowing, covering soil, and covering mulching film to complete the film-covered cultivation; the mixed fermentation fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of sugarcane leaves, 25-30 parts of bagasse ash and 120-150 parts of livestock manure;
4.4 Miao Bumiao, manually breaking the film of the sugarcane seedlings which are not broken, helping the sugarcane seedlings to emerge, and simultaneously making drought-preventing and water-retaining work;
4.5 55-60 kg of mixed fermentation fertilizer, 30-35 kg of decomposed pig manure, 20-25 kg of sugarcane ash and 0.05-0.08 g of tillering-promoting plant growth regulator are applied to each mu from the final tillering stage to the initial elongation stage; the tillering-promoting plant growth regulator consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of gibberellin and 15-17 parts of indoleacetic acid;
4.6 Spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 to 3 times in 5 to 6 months and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 3 to 4 times in 7 to 8 months respectively; the foliar fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100 to 120 parts of biogas slurry, 5 to 8 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid, 0.015 to 0.018 part of paclobutrazol and 0.14 to 0.16 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate;
4.7 8-10 months to strip old leaf blight leaves for 2-3 times;
4.8 Spraying and controlling according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests; weeding management is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds on the ground of the sugarcane;
(5) Harvesting sugarcane: sugarcane is harvested from 1 month end to 2 months end in the next year.
2. The technology for efficiently changing sugarcane to a barren land after eucalyptus returning according to claim 1, wherein the eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer is obtained by sealing and fermenting for 20-30 days in the step (1).
3. The technology for efficiently reseeding sugarcane from a back-cultivated barren land according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), a eucalyptus garden for sugarcane to be planted is selected, eucalyptus is cut and eucalyptus is towed away; digging out eucalyptus roots and crushing to obtain eucalyptus root fragments; adding bamboo shoot shell powder according to 55-60% of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding chicken manure according to 125-130% of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding EM bacterial liquid according to 0.03-0.05 per mill of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, adding water according to 35-40% of the weight of eucalyptus root powder, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting to obtain the eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer.
4. The technology for efficiently changing the seeds of the sugarcane in the back-to-back barren land according to claim 1, wherein the step 3.1) is characterized in that weeding is carried out on a eucalyptus garden firstly, first soil improvement fertilizer is uniformly spread on the ground of the eucalyptus garden by 25-30 kg/mu, then soil of the eucalyptus garden is mechanically deeply ploughed, and the deep ploughing depth is 36-40 cm; the first soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110-120 parts of eucalyptus root fermentation fertilizer, 45-50 parts of straw powder and 17-20 parts of oil tea residues.
5. The technology for efficiently reseeding sugarcane in a back-eucalyptus and back-barren place according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the second soil improvement fertilizer in the step 3.2) is 35-40 kg/mu.
6. The technology for efficiently changing the seeds of the sugarcane in the back-eucalyptus and back-cultivated barren land according to claim 1, wherein the step 3.3) is characterized in that the third soil improvement fertilizer is uniformly spread on the ground of a eucalyptus garden by 45-50 kg/mu, the soil is shallow cultivated, and the shallow cultivation depth is 13-16 cm; the third soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110-120 parts of decomposed pig manure, 17-18 parts of ground phosphate rock and 13-15 parts of charcoal powder.
7. The technology for efficiently reseeding sugarcane from a eucalyptus-returning barren land according to claim 1, wherein the method for disinfecting sugarcane seeds to be sown in step 4.2) is as follows: seed soaking with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 900-1000 times liquid for 10-15 min.
8. The technology for efficiently changing sugarcane in a back-eucalyptus and back-cultivated barren land according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4.6), the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 2-3 times in 5-6 months and 3-4 times in 7-8 months respectively; the foliar fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 110 to 120 parts of biogas slurry, 6 to 8 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid and 0.016 to 0.018 part of paclobutrazol.
9. The technology for efficiently reseeding sugarcane in a back-eucalyptus and back-barren place according to claim 1, wherein said foliar fertilizer in said step 4.6) further comprises 0.15 to 0.16 parts by weight of sodium nitrophenolate.
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