CN117561970B - Crossbreeding method of double-colored alpine azalea - Google Patents
Crossbreeding method of double-colored alpine azalea Download PDFInfo
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- CN117561970B CN117561970B CN202311544646.1A CN202311544646A CN117561970B CN 117561970 B CN117561970 B CN 117561970B CN 202311544646 A CN202311544646 A CN 202311544646A CN 117561970 B CN117561970 B CN 117561970B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 241000194004 Kalmia procumbens Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 241000208422 Rhododendron Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- UZKQTCBAMSWPJD-UQCOIBPSSA-N trans-Zeatin Natural products OCC(/C)=C\CNC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 UZKQTCBAMSWPJD-UQCOIBPSSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- UZKQTCBAMSWPJD-FARCUNLSSA-N trans-zeatin Chemical compound OCC(/C)=C/CNC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 UZKQTCBAMSWPJD-FARCUNLSSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229940023877 zeatin Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 11
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N Brassinolide Natural products O=C1OC[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C(C)C)C)C)CC3)CC[C@@H]2[C@]2(C)[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C2 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001274961 Rubus repens Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N brassinolide Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]21 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005869 Pyraclostrobin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclostrobin Chemical compound COC(=O)N(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=NN(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)C=C1 HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005521 carbonamide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- FCBUKWWQSZQDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhamnolipid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(CC(O)=O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCC)OC1OC(C)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 FCBUKWWQSZQDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 1
- 101001018064 Homo sapiens Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100033472 Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000038561 Modiola caroliniana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010703 Modiola caroliniana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000218234 Rhododendron arboreum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018821 Rhododendron arboreum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/12—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
- A01H1/121—Plant growth habits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a hybridization breeding method of double-colored alpine azalea, belonging to the technical field of plant hybridization breeding. The invention takes the rhododendron with dew as a female parent and takes the rhododendron with tree form as a male parent to obtain hybrid seeds after hybridization pollination; sowing the hybrid seeds in 2-3 months in the next year, culturing, and respectively spraying the nutrient solution A and the bactericide after the seeds germinate for 12-16 days to obtain hybrid seedlings; and (3) transplanting the hybrid seedlings on a pot after the hybrid seedlings grow to 5-8 cm, culturing, pruning the hybrid seedlings when the hybrid seedlings grow to 40-60 cm, and spraying the nutrient solution B and the flower-promoting regulator to obtain the double-colored alpine azalea. The method can obviously improve the seed setting rate of the hybrid seeds, the seedling forming rate of the hybrid seedlings and the flowering time of the hybrid seedlings, shortens the flowering time by 1-2 years compared with the traditional planting mode, shortens the breeding period and cultivates the hybrid offspring of the open compound flowers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant crossbreeding, and particularly relates to a crossbreeding method of double-colored alpine azalea.
Background
The flower of the alpine azalea has gorgeous color and rich varieties, the flower clusters at the top end when blooming, the number of the flowers can reach 10, and the diameter of the flower is 15-20 cm, which is called as the king in flowers. The rhododendron alpine has been widely paid attention to at home and abroad as one of ornamental flowers. However, the variety capable of being planted in the current market is complex, the requirement of people on the characteristics of azalea is difficult to meet, and the breeding of new varieties becomes an important research direction in the current azalea field.
The selection of new flower colors is an important breeding goal for rhododendrons alpine. At present, the azalea varieties in the world have more than 1 thousand varieties, the colors mainly adopt red, pink, white, yellow and purple, but more attractive multiple-color varieties are lacking, and the technical means for cultivating the multiple-color varieties are lacking, so that a technical system for cultivating the multiple-color varieties is formed, the multiple-color varieties with novel colors, cross colors, edging, halation and the like are continuously selected, and the method is an important measure for promoting the development and the industrial development of the alpine azalea varieties.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a hybridization breeding method for multiple-color alpine azalea.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a hybridization breeding method of double-colored alpine azalea, which comprises the following steps:
1) Hybridization pollination is carried out by taking the rhododendron with dewdrop as a female parent and taking the rhododendron with tree form as a male parent to obtain hybrid seeds;
2) Sowing the hybrid seeds in 2-3 months in the next year, culturing, and respectively spraying the nutrient solution A and the bactericide after the seeds germinate for 12-16 days to obtain hybrid seedlings;
3) And (3) transplanting the hybrid seedlings on a pot after the hybrid seedlings grow to 5-8 cm, culturing, pruning the hybrid seedlings when the hybrid seedlings grow to 40-60 cm, and spraying the nutrient solution B and the flower-promoting regulator to obtain the double-colored alpine azalea.
Preferably, the female parent is sprayed with 8000-13000 times of 0.02-0.06% brassinolide aqua for 1-2 times 25-35 days before the flowering period; the spraying amount of the brassinolide aqueous solution 8000-13000 times is 2-4L/time/plant;
Spraying a regulator to the female parent and the male parent for 2-3 times 2.5-3.5 months before the flowering period, wherein the regulator takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 3-7 g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-2 g/L of rhamnolipid; the spraying amount of the regulator is 8-12L/time/plant; the interval time of each time is 5-9 days.
Preferably, the hybrid pollination mode is to smear 0.01-0.1 g/L of zeatin solution and pollen of male parent to female parent stigma in sequence, and cover isolation bags to complete pollination;
Taking down the isolation bag 10-15 days after pollination, and spraying the zeatin solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.1 g/L for 2-3 times again; the spraying amount of the zeatin solution is 2-4L/time/3 plants; the interval time of each time is 5-9 days.
Preferably, the sown matrix in step 2) consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of peat soil, 5-15 parts of perlite, 5-15 parts of sterilized humus soil, 2-8 parts of yellow soil, 2-8 parts of bacillus subtilis strain and 5-15 parts of quicklime; the sowing density is 2-5 grains/cm 2;
The temperature of the culture in the step 2) is 18-23 ℃, the humidity is 75-85%, and the shading rate is 50-70%.
Preferably, the nutrient solution A takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 2-5 g/L of amino acid, 0.5-2 g/L of zinc sulfate and 1-3 g/L of carbonamide; the spraying frequency of the nutrient solution A is 1-2 times/week; the spraying amount of the nutrient solution A is 3-6L/time/2 m 2;
The bactericide takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 0.5 to 2g/L of root rot and 0.5 to 2g/L of carbendazim; the spraying frequency of the bactericide is 1-2 times/14 days; the spraying amount of the bactericide is 2-4L/time/2 m 2.
Preferably, the substrate for upper pot transplanting consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of peat soil, 15-25 parts of coconut coir, 5-15 parts of earthworm fertilizer and 5-15 parts of perlite;
Watering is carried out after the transplanting of the upper pot, and the measures of watering are as follows: 1 water is poured on sunny days 1-2 days, 1 water is poured on cloudy days 6-7 days, water with pH value of 5.6-6.0 is used during watering, and the watering amount is 500-700 mL/time/basin.
Preferably, sterilization is carried out after watering, and 1-2 g/L pyraclostrobin bactericide is adopted for sterilization; the spraying amount of the pyraclostrobin bactericide is 400-600 mL/basin;
Preferably, the fertilizer is applied after sterilization, wherein the fertilizer application mode is to spray nutrient solution B, and the nutrient solution B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 6-9 parts of urea, 3-5 parts of mineral source potassium fulvate, 3-5 parts of alginic acid, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-1 part of boric acid, 0.5-1 part of ammonium molybdate and 800-1000 parts of water;
the spraying amount of the nutrient solution B is 500-700 mL/basin, and the spraying frequency of the nutrient solution B is 1-2 times/week.
Preferably, the temperature of the culture in the step 3) is 20-25 ℃, the humidity of the culture is 60-80%, and the illumination intensity of the culture is 60000 lx-80000 lx.
Preferably, the spraying frequency of the nutrient solution B in the step 3) is 1-2 times/14 days; the flower promoting regulator takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 30-40 g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 20-30 g/L of sucrose and 0.1-0.2 g/L of boric acid; the spraying amount of the flower-promoting regulator is 200-400 mL/basin; the spraying frequency of the flower promoting regulator is 2-3 times, and the interval time of each time is 18-22 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The method for regulating the growth and flowering of the filial generation by adopting the hybridization of the rhododendron with the dewdrop and the rhododendron with the combination of various measures has the following advantages: integrates the excellent genes of the father parent, the dewdrop azalea has strong resistance, white flowers, the tree azalea has mauve flowers, large corolla and grace, and the hybridization of the two can generate new germplasm. Secondly, the success rate of hybridization is improved. Thirdly, the hybrid offspring seedlings grow robustly, the plants are robustly, the time from hybridization to flowering is about 5 years, the flowering time is shortened by 1-2 years compared with the traditional planting mode, and the breeding period is shortened. Fourth, the filial generation of the open-color flowers is cultivated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowering chart of a complex color rhododendron alpine.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a hybridization breeding method of double-colored alpine azalea, which comprises the following steps:
1) Hybridization pollination is carried out by taking the rhododendron with dewdrop as a female parent and taking the rhododendron with tree form as a male parent to obtain hybrid seeds;
2) Sowing the hybrid seeds in 2-3 months in the next year, culturing, and respectively spraying the nutrient solution A and the bactericide after the seeds germinate for 12-16 days to obtain hybrid seedlings;
3) And (3) transplanting the hybrid seedlings on a pot after the hybrid seedlings grow to 5-8 cm, culturing, pruning the hybrid seedlings when the hybrid seedlings grow to 40-60 cm, and spraying the nutrient solution B and the flower-promoting regulator to obtain the double-colored alpine azalea.
In the invention, the hybrid seeds are obtained by hybridization pollination by taking the rhododendron with dewdrop as a female parent and taking the rhododendron with tree form as a male parent. Firstly, spraying 8000-13000 times of 0.02-0.06% brassinolide aqua for 1-2 times 25-35 days before the flowering phase of the female parent, preferably 28-32 days before the flowering phase; the concentration of the brassinolide aqueous solution is preferably 0.03-0.05%; the dilution factor is preferably 9000-12000; the spraying amount of the brassinolide aqueous solution 8000-13000 times is preferably 2-4L/time/plant, and more preferably 2.5-3.5L/time/plant; removing stamens of the female parent before flowering; secondly, 2.5 to 3.5 months, preferably 3 months, before the flowering phase, respectively spraying a regulator for 2 to 3 times to the female parent and the male parent, wherein the regulator takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 3-7 g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-2 g/L of rhamnolipid; the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is preferably 4-6 g/L; the concentration of the rhamnolipid is preferably 0.8-1.5 g/L; the spraying amount of the regulator is preferably 8-12L/time/plant; further preferably 9 to 11L/time/strain; the interval time of each time is preferably 5 to 9 days, more preferably 6 to 8 days; pollen is collected after the male parent flowers, and the method for collecting pollen comprises the following steps: collecting anther of male parent in half-open period, drying the anther until the anther cracks and breaks up powder, and collecting pollen; finally, smearing 0.01-0.1 g/L of zeatin solution and pollen of male parent on female parent stigma in sequence, and sleeving an isolation bag to complete pollination; the concentration of the zeatin solution is preferably 0.04-0.08 g/L; taking down the isolation bag 10-15 days after pollination, and spraying the zeatin solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.1 g/L for 2-3 times; the concentration of the zeatin solution is preferably 0.04-0.08 g/L; the spraying amount of the zeatin solution is preferably 2-4L/time/3 plants; more preferably 2.5 to 3.5L/m/3 strain; the time interval is preferably 5 to 9 days, more preferably 6 to 8 days.
In the invention, the hybrid seeds are sown and cultivated in the next 2-3 months, and after the seeds germinate for 12-16 days, nutrient solution A and bactericide are respectively sprayed to obtain hybrid seedlings. Picking when the seed coats of the hybrid seeds turn brown, tiling the hybrid seeds obtained by picking, naturally airing and sowing; the sown matrix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of peat soil, 5-15 parts of perlite, 5-15 parts of sterilized humus soil, 2-8 parts of yellow soil, 2-8 parts of bacillus subtilis strain and 5-15 parts of quicklime; the dosage of the peat soil is preferably 18-22 parts; the consumption of the perlite is preferably 8-12 parts; the dosage of the sterilized humus soil is preferably 8-12 parts; the usage amount of the yellow soil is preferably 3-7 parts; the consumption of the bacillus subtilis strain is preferably 3-7 parts; the dosage of the quicklime is preferably 4-6 parts; the pH of the matrix is preferably 5 to 5.8, more preferably 5.2 to 5.6; the density of the sowing is preferably 2 to 5 grains/cm 2, more preferably 3 to 4 grains/cm 2; the temperature of the culture is preferably 18 to 23 ℃, and more preferably 19 to 22 ℃; the humidity of the culture is preferably 75 to 85%, more preferably 78 to 82%; the light shielding rate is preferably 50 to 70%, more preferably 55 to 65%.
The nutrient solution A takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 2-5 g/L of amino acid, 0.5-2 g/L of zinc sulfate and 1-3 g/L of carbonamide; the amino acid is animal amino acid raw powder, and the amino acid is derived from Xinruijie biotechnology limited company; the concentration of the amino acid is preferably 3-4 g/L; the concentration of the zinc sulfate is preferably 0.8-1.5 g/L; the concentration of the carbonamide is preferably 1.5-2.5 g/L; the spraying frequency of the nutrient solution A is preferably 1-2 times/week; the spraying amount of the nutrient solution A is preferably 3-6L/time/2 m 2, and more preferably 4-5L/time/2 m 2; the bactericide takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 0.5 to 2g/L of root rot and 0.5 to 2g/L of carbendazim; the concentration of the root rot agent is preferably 0.8-1.5 g/L; the concentration of the carbendazim is preferably 0.8-1.5 g/L; the spraying frequency of the bactericide is preferably 1-2 times/14 days; the spraying amount of the bactericide is preferably 2 to 4L/time/2 m 2, more preferably 2.5 to 3.5L/time/2 m 2.
In the invention, after the hybrid seedlings grow to 5-8 cm, the hybrid seedlings are transplanted in a basin and cultivated. The flowerpot for transplanting on the flowerpot is preferably 10-15 cm in height, and more preferably 12-14 cm in height; the outer diameter of the flowerpot is preferably 12-15 cm, and more preferably 13-14 cm; the substrate for upper pot transplanting consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of peat soil, 15-25 parts of coconut coir, 5-15 parts of earthworm fertilizer and 5-15 parts of perlite; the dosage of the peat soil is preferably 18-22 parts; the dosage of the coconut coir is preferably 18-22 parts; the dosage of the earthworm fertilizer is preferably 8-12 parts; the consumption of the perlite is preferably 8-12 parts; watering is carried out after the transplanting of the upper pot, and the measures of watering are as follows: 1 water is poured on sunny days 1-2 days, 1 water is poured on cloudy days 6-7 days, water with the pH value of 5.6-6.0 is used during watering, and the pH value is preferably 5.7-5.9; the watering amount is preferably 500-700 mL/time/basin, and more preferably 550-650 mL/time/basin; sterilizing after watering, wherein the sterilization adopts 1-2 g/L pyraclostrobin bactericide; the spraying amount of the pyraclostrobin bactericide is preferably 400-600 mL/basin, and more preferably 450-550 mL/basin.
The invention discloses a method for fertilizing after sterilization, which comprises the following steps of spraying nutrient solution B, wherein the nutrient solution B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 6-9 parts of urea, 3-5 parts of mineral source potassium fulvate, 3-5 parts of alginic acid, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-1 part of boric acid, 0.5-1 part of ammonium molybdate and 800-1000 parts of water; the consumption of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is preferably 7-9 parts; the dosage of the potassium sulfate is preferably 3-4 parts; the dosage of the urea is preferably 7-8 parts; the consumption of the ore source potassium fulvate is preferably 4 parts; the amount of the alginic acid is preferably 4 parts; the zinc sulfate is preferably used in an amount of 1.5 parts; the dosage of the ferrous sulfate is preferably 1.5 parts; the boric acid is preferably used in an amount of 0.8 part; the ammonium molybdate is preferably used in an amount of 0.8 parts; the spraying amount of the nutrient solution B is preferably 500-700 mL/basin, and more preferably 550-650 mL/basin; the spraying frequency of the nutrient solution B is preferably 1-2 times/14 days; the temperature of the culture is preferably 20 to 25 ℃, and more preferably 22 to 24 ℃; the humidity of the culture is preferably 60 to 80%, more preferably 65 to 75%; the illumination intensity of the culture is preferably 60000 lx-80000 lx; further preferably 65000 to 75000lx.
In the invention, when the hybrid seedlings grow to 40-60 cm, pruning is carried out, and nutrient solution B and a flower promoting regulator are sprayed to obtain the double-colored alpine azalea. The trimming is carried out to cut off the overgrown branches and buds and thin and weak branches and buds, and the tree body is rejuvenated; the spraying frequency of the nutrient solution B is preferably 1-2 times/14 days, and the spraying lasts for 3 months; spraying the nutrient solution B for 1 month, and starting to spray the flower-promoting regulator; the flower promoting regulator takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 30-40 g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 20-30 g/L of sucrose and 0.1-0.2 g/L of boric acid; the concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is preferably 32-38 g/L; the concentration of the sucrose is preferably 22-28 g/L; the concentration of the boric acid is preferably 0.12-0.18 g/L; the spraying amount of the flower-promoting regulator is preferably 200-400 mL/basin, and more preferably 250-350 mL/basin; the spraying frequency of the flower-promoting regulator is preferably 2 to 3 times, and the interval time of each time is preferably 18 to 22 days, and more preferably 19 to 21 days.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The hybrid seeds are obtained by hybridization pollination by taking the rhododendron with dewdrop as a female parent and taking the rhododendron with tree form as a male parent. Spraying 10000 times of 0.04% brassinolide aqueous solution for 1 time 30 days before flowers on the female parent, wherein 3L/plant is sprayed each time to improve fertilization rate, and stamens of the female parent are removed before flowers. The male parent and the female parent respectively spray 3 times of regulator 3 months before the flowering phase, and the solution ratio of the regulator is as follows: 5g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 1g/L of rhamnolipid and the balance of water. Each time 10L/plant was sprayed at 7-day intervals for 2 months. Collecting anther of male parent in half-open period, drying the anther until anther cracks and breaks up, collecting pollen, sequentially smearing 0.05g/L of zeatin solution and pollen of male parent on female parent stigma, sleeving an isolation bag, finishing pollination, taking off the isolation bag after 12 days of pollination, and spraying 3 times of zeatin solution with the concentration of 0.05g/L, wherein the spraying amount of zeatin solution is preferably 3L/3 plants each time, and the interval is 7 days each time.
Picking up seeds when the seed coats of the hybrid seeds turn brown, tiling and naturally airing. Arranging a sowing pool with a row spacing of 1.2m and a length of 3m in a greenhouse, filling a matrix in the sowing pool, wherein the culture matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of perlite, 10 parts of sterilized humus soil, 5 parts of yellow soil, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis strain and 10 parts of quicklime. The pH was 5.5. Sowing the picked seeds in a sowing pool 3 months next year. The sowing density of the seeds is 3 grains/cm 2; the temperature of the culture is 20 ℃, the humidity is 80%, and the shading rate is 60%. After 14 days from the germination of the hybrid seeds, nutrient solution A is sprayed for 2 times per week. The formula of the nutrient solution A is 3g/L of amino acid, 1g/L of zinc sulfate, 2g/L of carbonamide and the balance of water. Spraying 5L/2m 2 each time, after the hybrid seeds germinate for 14 days, spraying bactericide for 1 time every 14 days, wherein the bactericide is prepared from 1g/L of root rot and 1g/L of carbendazim, and the balance of water, and the spraying amount of the bactericide is 3L/time/2 m 2.
After the sown hybrid seedlings grow to 7 cm, the seedlings begin to be transplanted in a pot, the height of the flowerpot is 13cm, and the outer diameter of the flowerpot is 13cm. The upper pot transplanting matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of peat soil, 20 parts of coconut chaff, 10 parts of earthworm fertilizer and 10 parts of perlite. Watering immediately after transplanting, wherein the measure of watering is as follows: 1 water is poured on sunny day 2d, 1 water is poured on cloudy day 7d, water with pH of 5.8 is used during watering, the water quantity is 600 mL/time/basin, the surface of the matrix is kept moist, and the matrix is thoroughly poured each time. The temperature was controlled at 23℃and the humidity was controlled at 70% and the illumination intensity was 70000lx.
And then spraying 2g/L pyraclostrobin bactericide, wherein the spraying amount is 500mL per basin. After 7 days of transplanting, spraying a nutrient solution B every week, wherein the nutrient solution B comprises, by weight, 8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 7 parts of urea, 4 parts of potassium fulvate serving as an ore source, 4 parts of seaweed element, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of ammonium molybdate and 1000 parts of water. The spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 600mL per basin.
When the hybrid seedlings grow to 50 cm, pruning is carried out, and the overgrown branches and buds and the lean branches and buds are cut off to rejuvenate the tree body. After trimming, spraying the nutrient solution B. 1 time every 2 weeks for 3 months. Spraying the nutrient solution B for 1 month, and starting to spray a flower-promoting regulator, wherein the formula of the flower-promoting regulator is 35g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; 25g/L sucrose; boric acid 0.15g/L, and water in balance. The spraying amount is 300mL per basin. The frequency was 3 times, each time at 20 days intervals.
Example 2
The hybrid seeds are obtained by hybridization pollination by taking the rhododendron with dewdrop as a female parent and taking the rhododendron with tree form as a male parent. The female parent is sprayed with 8000 times of 0.02% brassinolide aqua for 2 times 25 days before flowers, 2L/plant is sprayed each time to improve fertilization rate, and stamens of the female parent are removed before flowers. The male parent and the female parent respectively spray 2 times of regulator 2.5 months before the flowering phase, and the solution ratio of the regulator is as follows: 3g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5g/L of rhamnolipid and the balance of water. Each time 8L/plant was sprayed at 5-day intervals for 2 months. Collecting anther of male parent in half-open period, drying the anther until anther cracks and breaks up, collecting pollen, sequentially smearing 0.01g/L of zeatin solution and pollen of male parent on female parent stigma, sleeving an isolation bag, finishing pollination, taking off the isolation bag after 10 days of pollination, and spraying 2 times of zeatin solution with the concentration of 0.05g/L, wherein the spraying amount of zeatin solution is preferably 2L/3 plants each time, and 5 days each time.
Picking up seeds when the seed coats of the hybrid seeds turn brown, tiling and naturally airing. Arranging a sowing pool with a row spacing of 1.2m and a length of 3m in a greenhouse, filling a matrix in the sowing pool, wherein the culture matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of peat soil, 5 parts of perlite, 5 parts of sterilized humus soil, 2 parts of yellow soil, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis strain and 5 parts of quicklime. The pH was 5. Sowing the picked seeds in a sowing pool 2 months next year. The sowing density of the seeds is 2 grains/cm 2; the temperature of the culture is 18 ℃, the humidity is 75%, and the shading rate is 50%. After 14 days of germination of the hybrid seeds, nutrient solution A is sprayed every week for 1 time. The formula of the nutrient solution A is 2g/L of amino acid, 0.5g/L of zinc sulfate, 1g/L of carbonamide and the balance of water. 3L/2m 2 of bactericide is sprayed each time, after the hybrid seeds germinate for 14 days, bactericide is sprayed 1 time every 14 days, the formula of the bactericide is 0.5g/L of root rot and 0.5g/L of carbendazim, the balance is water, and the spraying amount of the bactericide is 2L/time/2 m 2.
After the sown hybrid seedlings grow to 5 cm, the seedlings begin to be transplanted in a pot, the height of the flowerpot is 10cm, and the outer diameter of the flowerpot is 12cm. The upper pot transplanting matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of peat soil, 15 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of earthworm fertilizer and 5 parts of perlite. Watering immediately after transplanting, wherein the measure of watering is as follows: 1 water is poured on sunny day 1d, 1 water is poured on cloudy day 6d, water with pH of 5.6 is used during watering, the water quantity is 500 mL/time/basin, the surface of the matrix is kept moist, and the matrix is thoroughly poured each time. The temperature was controlled at 20℃and the humidity was controlled at 60% and the illumination intensity was 60000lx.
And then spraying 1g/L pyraclostrobin bactericide, wherein the spraying amount is 400mL per basin. After 7 days of transplanting, spraying a nutrient solution B every week, wherein the nutrient solution B comprises, by weight, 6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of urea, 3 parts of potassium fulvate serving as an ore source, 3 parts of alginic acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.5 part of boric acid, 0.5 part of ammonium molybdate and 800 parts of water. The spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 500mL per basin.
When the hybrid seedlings grow to 40 cm, pruning is carried out, and the overgrown branches and buds and the lean branches and buds are cut off to rejuvenate the tree body. After trimming, spraying the nutrient solution B. 1 time every 2 weeks for 3 months. After spraying the nutrient solution B for 1 month, starting to spray a flower-promoting regulator, wherein the formula of the flower-promoting regulator is 30g/L of monopotassium phosphate; sucrose 20g/L; boric acid 0.1g/L, and water in balance. The spraying amount is 200mL per basin. The frequency was 2 times, each time 18 days apart.
Example 3
The hybrid seeds are obtained by hybridization pollination by taking the rhododendron with dewdrop as a female parent and taking the rhododendron with tree form as a male parent. The female parent is sprayed with 13000 times 0.06% brassinolide aqua for 1 time 35 days before flowers, 4L/plant is sprayed each time, so as to improve fertilization rate, and stamens of the female parent are removed before flowers. The male parent and the female parent respectively spray 3 times of regulator 3.5 months before the flowering phase, and the solution ratio of the regulator is as follows: 7g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 2g/L of rhamnolipid and the balance of water. Each spraying is carried out for 12L/plant, and each spraying is carried out for 2 months at intervals of 9 days. Collecting anther of male parent in half-open period, drying the anther until anther cracks and breaks up, collecting pollen, sequentially smearing 0.1g/L of zeatin solution and pollen of male parent on female parent stigma, sleeving an isolation bag, finishing pollination, taking off the isolation bag after pollination for 15 days, and spraying the zeatin solution with the concentration of 0.05g/L for 3 times again, wherein the spraying amount of the zeatin solution is preferably 4L/3 plants each time, and 9 days each time.
Picking up seeds when the seed coats of the hybrid seeds turn brown, tiling and naturally airing. Arranging a sowing pool with a row spacing of 1.2m and a length of 3m in a greenhouse, filling a matrix in the sowing pool, wherein the culture matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of peat soil, 15 parts of perlite, 15 parts of sterilized humus soil, 8 parts of yellow soil, 8 parts of bacillus subtilis strain and 15 parts of quicklime. The pH was 5.8. Sowing the picked seeds in a sowing pool 3 months next year. The sowing density of the seeds is 5 grains/cm 2; the temperature of the culture is 23 ℃, the humidity is 85%, and the shading rate is 70%. After 14 days from the germination of the hybrid seeds, nutrient solution A is sprayed for 2 times per week. The formula of the nutrient solution A is 5g/L of amino acid, 2g/L of zinc sulfate, 3g/L of carbonamide and the balance of water. Spraying 6L/2m 2 each time, after the hybrid seeds germinate for 14 days, spraying bactericide for 1 time every 14 days, wherein the bactericide is prepared from 2g/L of root rot and 2g/L of carbendazim, and the balance of water, and the spraying amount of the bactericide is 4L/time/2 m 2.
After the sown hybrid seedlings grow to 8cm, the seedlings begin to be transplanted in a pot, the height of the flowerpot is 15cm, and the outer diameter of the flowerpot is 15cm. The upper pot transplanting matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of peat soil, 25 parts of coconut chaff, 15 parts of earthworm fertilizer and 15 parts of perlite. Watering immediately after transplanting, wherein the measure of watering is as follows: 1 water is poured on sunny day 2d, 1 water is poured on cloudy day 7d, water with pH of 6.0 is used during watering, the water quantity is 700 mL/time/basin, the surface of the matrix is kept moist, and the matrix is thoroughly poured each time. The temperature was controlled to 25℃and the humidity was controlled to 80% and the illumination intensity was 80000lx.
And then spraying 2g/L pyraclostrobin bactericide, wherein the spraying amount is 600mL per basin. After 7 days of transplanting, spraying a nutrient solution B every week, wherein the nutrient solution B comprises, by weight, 10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 9 parts of urea, 5 parts of potassium fulvate serving as an ore source, 5 parts of alginic acid, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of ammonium molybdate and 1000 parts of water. The spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 700mL per basin.
When the hybrid seedlings grow to 60 cm, pruning is carried out, and the overgrown branches and buds and the lean branches and buds are cut off to rejuvenate the tree body. After trimming, spraying the nutrient solution B. 1 time every 2 weeks for 3 months. After spraying the nutrient solution B for 1 month, starting to spray a flower-promoting regulator, wherein the formula of the flower-promoting regulator is 40g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; sucrose 30g/L; boric acid 0.2g/L, and water in balance. The spraying amount is 400mL per basin. The frequency was 3 times, each 22 days apart.
Experimental example 1
Verifying the effect of different pollination methods on the fertility of the parental crosses:
the specific process is as follows:
Five groups A, B, C, D, E were set up and control experiments were performed. Wherein group A is a conventional pollination, and group B, group C, group D, and group E are treated in the same manner as in example 1, except that the concentration of zeatin is different. Sequentially smearing the corn extract and pollen on female parent stigmas according to the sequence of the corn extract and the pollen, finishing pollination, sleeving a gauze bag, sealing a bagging mouth, and marking.
Experimental results: as shown in table 1.
TABLE1 Effect of different pollination methods on the hybrid set of parents
As can be seen from Table 1, for the hybrid combinations, the ovary expansion rate and seed setting rate of group C were both superior to the other treatments. Compared with the group A, the ovary expansion rate of the group C is improved by 62.50%, and the seed setting rate is improved by 60.00%. When the concentration of the zeatin is 0.01g/L, the ovary expansion rate is 33%, the hybridization setting rate is 16%, and when the concentration is increased to 0.05g/L, the ovary expansion rate is increased to 33%, and the hybridization setting rate is increased to 16%, but with the increase of the zeatin concentration, the ovary expansion rate and the hybridization setting rate are reduced, which means that female parent stigma is treated by using the zeatin with proper concentration during pollination, and the hybridization setting rate can be remarkably improved.
Experimental example 2
Verifying the influence of spraying nutrient solution A and bactericide on the rhododendron seedling rate after seed germination:
The specific process is as follows: three groups A, B, C were set up and control experiments were performed. Wherein the nutrient solution A and the bactericide are not sprayed in the seedling stage of the group A, and the operation of the group B is the same as that of the method of the example 1; group C only sprays nutrient solution A. After 30 days of germination of the seeds, control experiments were started. Culturing for 90 days, counting the seedling rate of the azalea, and observing the growth vigor of the azalea seedlings. The statistical results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 seedling rates and growth conditions of the compositions
As can be seen from Table 2, the seedling rate and growth vigor of the seedlings of the group B are superior to those of other treatments, and compared with the seedlings of the group A and the group C, the seedling rate is improved by 62.29 percent and 24.59 percent respectively. The method shows that the spraying of the nutrient solution and the bactericide after the germination of the seeds can effectively improve the seedling rate of hybrid seedlings.
Experimental example 3
Verifying the influence of the upper pot transplanting matrix proportion plus the foliar fertilizer (nutrient solution B) +the flowering promoting regulator on flowering of the filial generation:
the specific process is as follows: five groups A, B, C, D, E were set up and control experiments were performed. Wherein the matrix proportion of group A is the same as that of example 1, but nutrient solution B and a flower-promoting regulator are not sprayed; the operation of group B was the same as in example 1; the matrix proportion and fertilization measure of group C are the same as those of example 1, but no flower-promoting regulator is sprayed; the matrix proportion of group D and the measures of spraying the flower-promoting regulator are the same as those of the method of the example 1, but the nutrient solution B is not sprayed. The matrix proportion of the group E is different from that of the example 1, and the operation of spraying the nutrient solution B and the flower-promoting regulator is the same as that of the example 1.
Experimental results: as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 flowering status of the hybrid offspring of each group
As can be seen from Table 3, the flower bud formation time and flowering time of group B are both earlier than those of the other treatments, and the time taken from seedling transplanting to flowering is 3 years. Optimal effect is achieved compared to other treatments, for example flowering time is 2 years earlier compared to group a. The spraying of nutrient solution and flower-promoting regulator obviously improves the flowering time of hybrid seedlings.
As can be seen from the above examples and experimental examples, the present invention adopts the hybridization of the dewdrop rhododendron and the tree rhododendron and combines a plurality of measures to regulate the growth and flowering of the filial generation, can obviously improve the seed setting rate of the filial seeds, the seedling rate of the filial seedlings and the flowering time of the filial seedlings, shortens the flowering time by 1-2 years compared with the traditional planting mode, shortens the breeding period and cultivates the filial generation of the open-color flowers.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The hybridization breeding method of the double-colored alpine azalea is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Hybridization pollination is carried out by taking the rhododendron with dewdrop as a female parent and taking the rhododendron with tree form as a male parent to obtain hybrid seeds;
The hybrid pollination mode is that 0.05g/L of zeatin solution and pollen of male parent are sequentially smeared on female parent stigma, and an isolation bag is sleeved to complete pollination;
Taking down the isolation bag 10-15 days after pollination, and spraying the zeatin solution with the concentration of 0.05g/L for 2-3 times again; the spraying amount of the zeatin solution is 2-4L/time/3 plant, and the interval time of each time is 5-9 days;
2) Sowing the hybrid seeds in 2-3 months in the next year, culturing, and respectively spraying the nutrient solution A and the bactericide after the seeds germinate for 12-16 days to obtain hybrid seedlings;
The nutrient solution A takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 2-5 g/L of amino acid, 0.5-2 g/L of zinc sulfate and 1-3 g/L of carbonamide; the spraying frequency of the nutrient solution A is 1-2 times/week; the spraying amount of the nutrient solution A is 3-6L/time/2 m 2;
The bactericide takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 0.5 to 2g/L of root rot and 0.5 to 2g/L of carbendazim; the spraying frequency of the bactericide is 1-2 times/14 days; the spraying amount of the bactericide is 2-4L/time/2 m 2;
3) Transplanting the hybrid seedlings in a basin after the hybrid seedlings grow to 5-8 cm, culturing, pruning the hybrid seedlings when the hybrid seedlings grow to 40-60 cm, and spraying a nutrient solution B and a flower-promoting regulator to obtain the double-colored alpine azalea;
The substrate for upper pot transplanting consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of peat soil, 15-25 parts of coconut coir, 5-15 parts of earthworm fertilizer and 5-15 parts of perlite;
The fertilizer is applied in the culture process, wherein the fertilizer is applied by spraying nutrient solution B, and the nutrient solution B consists of the following components in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 6-9 parts of urea, 3-5 parts of mineral source potassium fulvate, 3-5 parts of alginic acid, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-1 part of boric acid, 0.5-1 part of ammonium molybdate and 800-1000 parts of water;
The spraying amount of the nutrient solution B is 500-700 mL/basin, and the spraying frequency of the nutrient solution B is 1-2 times/week;
Spraying a nutrient solution B after trimming, wherein the spraying frequency of the nutrient solution B is 1-2 times/14 days; the flower promoting regulator takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 30-40 g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 20-30 g/L of sucrose and 0.1-0.2 g/L of boric acid; the spraying amount of the flower-promoting regulator is 200-400 mL/basin; the spraying frequency of the flower promoting regulator is 2-3 times, and the interval time of each time is 18-22 days.
2. The cross breeding method of double-colored alpine azalea according to claim 1, wherein the female parent is sprayed with 8000-13000 times of 0.02-0.06% brassinolide aqua for 1-2 times 25-35 days before the flowering phase; the spraying amount of the brassinolide aqueous solution 8000-13000 times is 2-4L/time/plant;
Spraying a regulator to the female parent and the male parent for 2-3 times 2.5-3.5 months before the flowering period, wherein the regulator takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 3-7 g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-2 g/L of rhamnolipid; the spraying amount of the regulator is 8-12L/time/plant, and the interval time of each time is 5-9 days.
3. The cross breeding method of double-colored alpine azalea according to claim 1, wherein the sown substrate in the step 2) consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of peat soil, 5-15 parts of perlite, 5-15 parts of sterilized humus soil, 2-8 parts of yellow soil, 2-8 parts of bacillus subtilis strain and 5-15 parts of quicklime; the sowing density is 2-5 grains/cm 2;
The temperature of the culture in the step 2) is 18-23 ℃, the humidity is 75-85%, and the shading rate is 50-70%.
4. The cross breeding method of double-colored alpine azalea according to claim 1, wherein,
Watering is carried out after the transplanting of the upper pot, and the measures of watering are as follows: 1 water is poured on sunny days 1-2 days, 1 water is poured on cloudy days 6-7 days, water with pH value of 5.6-6.0 is used during watering, and the watering amount is 500-700 mL/time/basin.
5. The cross breeding method of double-colored alpine azalea according to claim 4, wherein the sterilization is carried out after the watering, and 1-2 g/L pyraclostrobin bactericide is adopted for the sterilization; the spraying amount of the pyraclostrobin bactericide is 400-600 mL/basin.
6. The cross breeding method of double-colored alpine azalea according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the cultivation in the step 3) is 20-25 ℃, the humidity of the cultivation is 60-80%, and the illumination intensity of the cultivation is 60000 lx-80000 lx.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1389099A (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2003-01-08 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Breeding process of azalea hybrid |
| CN104521741A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for cultivating aromatic alpine rhododendron |
| CN109769676A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-05-21 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | The soilless culture method for facilitating alpine rose young beauty's seedling quickly to bloom |
| CN112136682A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-29 | 云南农业大学 | Method for creating new germplasm by wild distant hybridization of rhododendron |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1389099A (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2003-01-08 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Breeding process of azalea hybrid |
| CN104521741A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for cultivating aromatic alpine rhododendron |
| CN109769676A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-05-21 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | The soilless culture method for facilitating alpine rose young beauty's seedling quickly to bloom |
| CN112136682A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-29 | 云南农业大学 | Method for creating new germplasm by wild distant hybridization of rhododendron |
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