CN112385499A - Ginger film net covering planting method - Google Patents

Ginger film net covering planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112385499A
CN112385499A CN202011266950.0A CN202011266950A CN112385499A CN 112385499 A CN112385499 A CN 112385499A CN 202011266950 A CN202011266950 A CN 202011266950A CN 112385499 A CN112385499 A CN 112385499A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
ginger
planting
fertilizer
film
greenhouse
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Pending
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CN202011266950.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘星
常义
王鑫
罗云米
陈磊
李戎
葛钊宇
向华辉
丁晓曦
牟国印
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Chongqing Jiulongpo Agricultural Technology Extension Station
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Chongqing Jiulongpo Agricultural Technology Extension Station
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Priority to CN202011266950.0A priority Critical patent/CN112385499A/en
Publication of CN112385499A publication Critical patent/CN112385499A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275Films
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14Greenhouses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/22Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
    • A01G9/222Lamellar or like blinds
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a ginger film net covering planting method, and relates to the technical field of ginger planting. The method comprises the following steps of planting ginger with high quality, accelerating germination and planting in advance, and covering and managing a greenhouse film net: the specification requirement of the greenhouse, the installation of a covering film, a covering sunshade net and a sprinkling irrigation facility; selecting and treating soil: selecting planting soil, treating the planting soil, planting deep grooves and high boxes, and planting properly and densely; fertilization management: base fertilizer, additional fertilizer and probiotic fertilizer. The invention adopts a film net covering planting mode, avoids excessive soil water accumulation, greatly lightens the occurrence of ginger blast, reduces the incidence rate of the ginger blast by 10-40%, reduces fertilizer loss, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, is only 1/4 of the fertilizer amount for other ginger farmers, and has the functions of shading, cooling, moisturizing and promoting growth.

Description

Ginger film net covering planting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ginger planting, and particularly relates to a film-net covering planting method for ginger.
Background
The ginger is a fresh rhizome of a perennial herb ginger of the family zingiberaceae, has warm nature, and the unique gingerol can stimulate gastrointestinal mucosa, cause the congestion of the gastrointestinal tract and enhance the digestion capability, and can effectively treat abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and the like caused by excessive cold and cool food. Because of the excellent medical and edible performance, ginger is an indispensable part in daily life, and the ginger supply demand on the market is also larger, but most of the ginger planting methods on the market at present adopt open field planting, the water loss of planting soil is too large, the incidence rate of ginger blast is high, the fertilizer loss is large, and the fertilizer utilization rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ginger film net covering planting method, which solves the existing problems: the open field planting is adopted, the water loss of the planting soil is too large, the incidence rate of the ginger blast is high, the fertilizer loss is more, and the fertilizer utilization rate is low.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a ginger film net covering planting method, which comprises the following steps
High-quality ginger planting: healthy ginger blocks which are large, full, bright in skin color, fresh in meat quality, not shrunk, not rotted, not frozen, hard in texture and not damaged by diseases and insects are selected as the seed ginger, and the ginger blocks which are weak, shriveled and soft in meat quality are strictly eliminated;
accelerating germination and planting in advance: according to the current annual climate condition, accelerating germination in the plastic greenhouse from the middle to the top of 2 months in advance, and planting the seeds in the greenhouse from the middle to the bottom of 3 months;
covering and managing a greenhouse film net: the specification requirement of the greenhouse, the installation of a covering film, a covering sunshade net and a sprinkling irrigation facility;
selecting and treating soil: selecting planting soil, treating the planting soil, planting deep grooves and high boxes, and planting properly and densely;
fertilization management: base fertilizer, additional fertilizer and probiotic fertilizer.
Preferably, the specification of the greenhouse is required to be 6-8 meters wide, not less than 20 meters long and more than 1.8 meters high.
Preferably, the covering film covers 4-6 silky white plastic films from the bottom of 1 month to the beginning of 2 months; 4, the whole covering film is mainly used for heat preservation before the middle ten days of the month; gradually opening the films at the two ends of the greenhouse from the last ten days of month 4 to the last ten days of month 5 along with the rise of the air temperature; after 5 months, the temperature is further increased, and the films around the greenhouse are gradually and fully opened, so that ventilation is facilitated; and (4) removing the film from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months along with the end of the plum rain season and the rise of the air temperature.
Preferably, the black sunshade net with the coverage shading rate of 55-65% shields light and cools along with the rise of air temperature and the increase of illumination after the sunshade net covers for 6 months, but the black sunshade net is forbidden to cover to the bottom to prevent ginger seedlings from growing into long and forming into weak seedlings, and the sunshade net covers to perform the uncovering of a sunny cover and a rainy cover; the light intensity cover is removed in a weak light mode; cooling and uncovering the high-temperature cover; early uncovering at early summer and late summer; the principle of five-cover uncovering in early morning and late evening in midsummer.
Preferably, the sprinkling irrigation facilities are preferably installed by adopting micro sprinkling irrigation hanging, two to three rows of micro spray heads are installed along the direction of the greenhouse, the distance between the spray heads is 1.5 to 2.0 meters, the installation height of the spray heads is preferably 1.4 to 1.5 meters, and the spray heads spray water with the radius of 2 to 3 meters, so that the drip-proof function is realized.
Preferably, the planting soil is fertile loam which is deep in soil layer, rich in organic matters, capable of preserving water and fertilizer, capable of being filled and drained and near neutral, rotation is carried out for 3-4 years, and ginger cannot be planted in the land blocks with ginger blast occurring within 2-3 years.
Preferably, the planting soil treatment advocates using 200-300 kg soil conditioner per mu, and the soil is spread to be disinfected before land preparation.
Preferably, a sidewalk with the width of 30-40 cm is reserved along the center line of the greenhouse in the planting deep groove high compartment, deep drainage ditches are required to be arranged around the greenhouse, the width of each ditch is more than 40 cm, and the depth of each ditch is more than 60 cm.
Preferably, the planting is properly and densely planted in a plum blossom shape with a round deep pit, 7500 and 8500 pits are planted per mu, the pit depth is about 35 cm, and the diameter is 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the base fertilizer adopts a heavy base fertilizer application mode, the base fertilizer accounts for 70% of the fertilizer requirement of the ginger, the base fertilizer mainly adopts organic fertilizers and is supplemented with chemical fertilizers, the top dressing adopts a light top dressing mode, the top dressing accounts for 30% of the fertilizer requirement of the ginger, the top dressing mainly adopts water-soluble compound fertilizers, and the probiotic fertilizers are irrigated with 300 times of EM composite probiotic 300 liquid for 2-3 times before and after the last earthing, and are irrigated once every 7-10 days.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the film net covering planting mode is adopted, excessive soil water accumulation is avoided, the occurrence of ginger blast is greatly reduced, the morbidity of the ginger blast is reduced by 10-40%, the fertilizer loss is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the fertilizer is 1/4 of the fertilizer amount of other ginger planting households, and the sun-shading net has the effects of shading, cooling, moisturizing and promoting growth.
2. The invention fully utilizes the heat preservation and temperature increasing functions of the plastic greenhouse and the mulching film by sowing in advance and maturing in advance, can sow in advance for about 15 days and harvest in advance for 15-20 days.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Detailed Description
Examples
High-quality ginger planting: healthy ginger blocks which are large, full, bright in skin color, fresh in meat quality, not shrunk, not rotted, not frozen, hard in texture and not damaged by diseases and insects are selected as the seed ginger, and the ginger blocks which are weak, shriveled and soft in meat quality are strictly eliminated;
accelerating germination and planting in advance: according to the current annual climate condition, accelerating germination in the plastic greenhouse from the middle to the top of 2 months in advance, and planting the seeds in the greenhouse from the middle to the bottom of 3 months;
covering and managing a greenhouse film net: the specification requirement of the greenhouse, the installation of a covering film, a covering sunshade net and a sprinkling irrigation facility;
selecting and treating soil: selecting planting soil, treating the planting soil, planting deep grooves and high boxes, and planting properly and densely;
fertilization management: base fertilizer, additional fertilizer and probiotic fertilizer.
The specification of the greenhouse is required to be 6-8 meters wide, not less than 20 meters long and more than 1.8 meters high.
Covering the film with 4-6 silk white plastic film from the bottom of 1 month to the beginning of 2 months earlier; 4, the whole covering film is mainly used for heat preservation before the middle ten days of the month; gradually opening the films at the two ends of the greenhouse from the last ten days of month 4 to the last ten days of month 5 along with the rise of the air temperature; after 5 months, the temperature is further increased, and the films around the greenhouse are gradually and fully opened, so that ventilation is facilitated; and from the end of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, removing the film along with the end of the plum rain season and the rise of the air temperature, avoiding excessive soil water accumulation and greatly reducing the occurrence of ginger blast.
Covering a shading net 6 months later, shading and cooling by a black shading net with a shading rate of 55-65% along with the rise of air temperature and the enhancement of illumination, but avoiding covering the shading net to the bottom to prevent ginger seedlings from growing into long and weak ginger seedlings, and covering the shading net to perform the uncovering of the shading net in the shade and the rain; the light intensity cover is removed in a weak light mode; cooling and uncovering the high-temperature cover; early uncovering at early summer and late summer; according to the principle of 'five-cover uncovering' of early uncovering and late uncovering in midsummer, the sun-shading net can reduce the ground temperature by 3-10 ℃, improve the air humidity by 8-18%, improve the soil water content by 7-8% in sunny days and improve the soil water content by about 3-5% in cloudy days.
The sprinkling irrigation facilities are preferably installed by adopting micro sprinkling irrigation hanging, two to three rows of micro spray heads are installed along the direction of the greenhouse, the distance between the spray heads is 1.5 to 2.0 meters, the installation height of the spray heads is 1.4 to 1.5 meters, and the spray radius of the spray heads is 2 to 3 meters, so that the drip-proof function is realized.
The planting soil is selected from fertile loam which has deep soil layer, rich organic matters, water retention and fertilizer retention, can be filled with energy and can be drained and is near neutral, the planting soil is selected for rotation for 3-4 years, and ginger cannot be planted in the land blocks which have the ginger blast in 2-3 years.
The planting soil treatment advocates using 200-300 kg soil conditioner per mu, and the soil is spread to sterilize before land preparation.
A sidewalk with the width of 30-40 cm is reserved along the central line of the greenhouse in the planting deep groove high compartment, and deep drainage ditches are required to be arranged around the greenhouse, wherein the width of each ditch is more than 40 cm, and the depth of each ditch is more than 60 cm.
The planting is properly and densely planted, a round deep pit is dug according to a plum blossom shape, 7500 and 8500 pits are dug per mu, the pit depth is about 35 cm, and the diameter is 10-15 cm.
The base fertilizer adopts a heavy base fertilizer application mode, the base fertilizer accounts for 70 percent of the fertilizer requirement of the ginger, the base fertilizer takes the organic fertilizer as the main component, the chemical fertilizer as the auxiliary component, 400-doped fermented organic fertilizer or other commercial organic fertilizer (such as Angel yeast) is applied for each mu for 500 kilograms, 1-2 tons of composting farmyard manure or human and livestock manure is applied for each mu, 600 kilograms of composting cake fertilizer is applied for 500 kilograms, 30 kilograms of nitric acid-phosphorus compound fertilizer (15-6-23) is applied for the auxiliary component, the base fertilizer is completely filled with soil and is applied for the main component, 1/2-3/4 is suitable for the fermented organic fertilizer to be applied for the nest, the additional fertilizer adopts a light additional fertilizer application mode, the additional fertilizer accounts for 30 percent of the fertilizer requirement of the ginger, the additional fertilizer takes the water-soluble compound fertilizer with the main component content controlled within 50 kilograms/mu and is applied for 3 times, 15 kilograms of the water-soluble compound fertilizer with higher nitrogen content (22-9-9) is suitable for the first 2 times, and the water-soluble compound fertilizer with higher potassium content (15-, and irrigating roots of the probiotic fertilizer with 300 times of EM composite probiotic 300 liquid for 2-3 times before and after the last earthing, and irrigating the roots once every 7-10 days.
Comparison example 1
In the embodiment, the incidence rate of the ginger bacterial wilt disease in the film net coverage rain-sheltering cultivation is less than 2%, the incidence rate of a control group cultivated in an open field is 10%, the average incidence rate of other ginger growers in Cengzhen feldspar and Hexincun is investigated to be 18%, and the highest incidence rate is close to 50%, so that the ginger film net coverage rain-sheltering cultivation has obvious advantages, and the incidence rate of the ginger bacterial wilt disease can be obviously reduced by 10-40%.
Comparative example two
The method is characterized in that a tester Zengguang, a water-soluble compound fertilizer is adopted for the whole course cultivation of the ginger, and the proportion is N: p: k16: 6: 23, only using 30 kg of chemical fertilizer per mu, using over 120 kg of chemical fertilizer per mu for other ginger farmers, and only using 1/4 of the chemical fertilizer per mu for other ginger farmers.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. The ginger film net covering planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps
High-quality ginger planting: healthy ginger blocks which are large, full, bright in skin color, fresh in meat quality, not shrunk, not rotted, not frozen, hard in texture and not damaged by diseases and insects are selected as the seed ginger, and the ginger blocks which are weak, shriveled and soft in meat quality are strictly eliminated;
accelerating germination and planting in advance: according to the current annual climate condition, accelerating germination in the plastic greenhouse from the middle to the top of 2 months in advance, and planting the seeds in the greenhouse from the middle to the bottom of 3 months;
covering and managing a greenhouse film net: the specification requirement of the greenhouse, the installation of a covering film, a covering sunshade net and a sprinkling irrigation facility;
selecting and treating soil: selecting planting soil, treating the planting soil, planting deep grooves and high boxes, and planting properly and densely;
fertilization management: base fertilizer, additional fertilizer and probiotic fertilizer.
2. The ginger film net covering planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the greenhouse specification requires a width of 6-8 m, a length of not less than 20 m and a shoulder height of more than 1.8 m.
3. The ginger film net coverage planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coverage film covers 4-6 silks of white plastic film from the bottom of 1 month to the beginning of 2 months; 4, the whole covering film is mainly used for heat preservation before the middle ten days of the month; gradually opening the films at the two ends of the greenhouse from the last ten days of month 4 to the last ten days of month 5 along with the rise of the air temperature; after 5 months, the temperature is further increased, and the films around the greenhouse are gradually and fully opened, so that ventilation is facilitated; and (4) removing the film from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months along with the end of the plum rain season and the rise of the air temperature.
4. The ginger film net coverage planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the black sunshade net with a coverage shading rate of 55-65% shields light and cools with rising air temperature and increasing light after the coverage sunshade net is used for 6 months, but the cover is forbidden to be covered to the bottom, so as to prevent ginger seedlings from growing into thin and weak ginger seedlings, and the sunshade net coverage is performed in a sunny and rainy day; the light intensity cover is removed in a weak light mode; cooling and uncovering the high-temperature cover; early uncovering at early summer and late summer; the principle of five-cover uncovering in early morning and late evening in midsummer.
5. The ginger film net covering planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sprinkling irrigation facilities are preferably installed by micro sprinkling irrigation hanging, two to three rows of micro spray heads are preferably installed along the direction of the greenhouse, the distance between the spray heads is 1.5-2.0 m, the installation height of the spray heads is preferably 1.4-1.5 m, and the spray heads spray water with the radius of 2-3 m, so that the ginger film net covering planting method has the function of drip prevention.
6. The film net mulching planting method for ginger according to claim 1, wherein the planting soil is selected from fertile loam with deep soil layer, rich organic matter, water and fertilizer retention, irrigation and drainage and near neutrality, the planting soil is selected for rotation for 3-4 years, and ginger cannot be planted in the land blocks with ginger blast occurring in 2-3 years.
7. The ginger film net coverage planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting soil treatment advocates 200-300 kg soil conditioner per mu, and the ginger film net coverage planting method is applied in full soil before land preparation for disinfection.
8. The ginger film net mulching planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a sidewalk with the width of 30-40 cm is reserved along the center line of the greenhouse in the deep groove high compartment, deep drainage ditches are required to be arranged around the greenhouse, the ditch width is more than 40 cm, and the ditch depth is more than 60 cm.
9. The ginger film net coverage planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moderate density planting is performed in a plum blossom-shaped round deep pit with a depth of 7500 and 8500 pits per mu, a pit depth of about 35 cm and a diameter of 10-15 cm.
10. The film net mulching planting method for ginger according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer adopts a heavy base fertilizer application mode, the base fertilizer accounts for 70% of the fertilizer requirement of ginger, the base fertilizer mainly adopts organic fertilizers and is supplemented with chemical fertilizers, the top dressing adopts a light top dressing mode, the top dressing accounts for 30% of the fertilizer requirement of ginger, the top dressing mainly adopts water-soluble compound fertilizers, and the probiotic fertilizers are subjected to root irrigation for 2-3 times by 300 times of EM composite probiotic 300 liquid before and after the last earthing, and are applied once every 7-10 days.
CN202011266950.0A 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Ginger film net covering planting method Pending CN112385499A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113841573A (en) * 2021-10-21 2021-12-28 重庆市九龙坡区农业技术推广站 Ditch type planting method for early-maturing young gingers

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113841573A (en) * 2021-10-21 2021-12-28 重庆市九龙坡区农业技术推广站 Ditch type planting method for early-maturing young gingers

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