CN110810192A - Storage method of angelica sinensis seedlings - Google Patents
Storage method of angelica sinensis seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN110810192A CN110810192A CN201911219841.0A CN201911219841A CN110810192A CN 110810192 A CN110810192 A CN 110810192A CN 201911219841 A CN201911219841 A CN 201911219841A CN 110810192 A CN110810192 A CN 110810192A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a storage method of angelica sinensis seedlings, which comprises the following steps: 1) harvesting seedlings; 2) sweating and dehydration of seedlings; 3) selecting seedlings; 4) sterilizing seedlings; 5) preparing a seedling storage substrate; 6) packing seedlings into boxes; 7) warehousing seedlings; 8) seedling storage; 9) taking the seedlings out of the warehouse; 10) and (6) checking. The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the efficiency is improved, and the cost is saved; 2. treating seedlings and reducing seedling storage diseases; 3. controlling the seedling storage temperature and reducing the transplanting and bolting rate; 4. the seedlings are consistent, and the mechanical transplanting is easy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine production, and particularly relates to a storage method of angelica sinensis seedlings.
Background
Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels) is a herb of Angelica of Umbelliferae, and its dried root is used as a medicine. Dang Gui is recorded in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing and listed as the middle-grade product. Dang Gui is one of the commonly used Chinese herbs with the actions of tonifying and harmonizing blood, regulating menstruation and stopping bleeding, moistening intestines and smoothing intestine, and is called "gynecological Sheng Yao". The angelica cultivation has the history of over 1700 years, is mainly cultivated in alpine-cold and overcast and humid mountain areas with the altitude of 2000-3000m, and is known as 'the country of the angelica in Min county' because the angelica in Min county is the most traditional land and has the largest yield. In recent years, with the rapid rise of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the planting area of angelica sinensis is continuously enlarged, the production area is continuously extended to Qinghai and other places, and the demand of the market for high-quality seedlings is increased year by year.
The production of the angelica can be divided into four stages of seed seedling raising, seedling cellaring, seedling transplanting and seed collecting. The seedling storage is the most important link in angelica production, and whether the seedling storage method is proper or not is directly related to the angelica transplanting yield and quality. At present, the angelica seedlings are stored in two ways of heap storage and cellaring. The method for stocking the seedlings comprises the steps of selecting a room or a corner and the like which is dry in terrain, good in ventilation, free of fire, cool and clean, firstly paving a layer of crude dry soil with the thickness of about 5cm on the ground, then arranging a layer of Chinese angelica seedlings which are bundled into small bundles on the ground, enabling the seedling heads to face outwards and the roots to face inwards, filling gaps with the crude dry soil, compacting, paving a layer of crude dry soil with the thickness of 1-2cm on the ground, arranging the seedlings to cover the soil by 5-7 layers according to the method, and finally covering the soil around the seedlings by 20cm to form a trapezoidal seedling stocking soil pile with the height of about 80-100 cm. The seed cellaring mode is that a dry and shady place without a mouse hole and water seepage is dug, the cellaring depth is 1m, a layer of crude dry soil with the thickness of about 5cm is paved at the bottom of the cellaring, a layer of Chinese angelica root seedlings bundled into small bundles is placed on the soil, the seedlings are covered with crude semi-dry soil with the thickness of 2-3cm, 6-7 layers are placed according to the above, then soil is piled on the soil to be higher than the ground, water accumulation is prevented, and drainage ditches are arranged around the cellaring for facilitating drainage. The seedling storage period is from 11 middle ten days to 4 months of the next year for nearly half a year.
In summary, the existing angelica seedling storage has the following outstanding problems in urgent need of improvement:
(1) the environmental factors are not controllable during the seedling storage period. The angelica seedlings are harvested and placed for 10-15 days, so that the seedlings lose part of water, the stems fall off and are stored, the seedlings are difficult to enter a dormant state if the temperature drops slowly before storage, and the partial seedlings are heated or continue to grow after the seedlings are stored; the seedling is easy to be cold damaged by the over-low outside temperature in the middle storage period; the temperature change before the thawing in spring is large, the seedlings are easy to pass the physiological stage of vernalization, the early bolting rate after the seedling transplantation is increased, the adverse effect is caused to the angelica production, and the factor is also the main reason for causing the early bolting after the seedling transplantation;
(2) the phenomena of seedling rot and seedling growth inhibition in the storage period are common. When the seedlings are stored, garden soil is wrapped around the seedlings, harmful germs in the soil can cause the seedlings to rot, farmers need a large amount of raw and useless soil or bactericide is added into the seedling storage soil in order to reduce the rotten seedlings, and the poor control of the amount of the bactericide can also generate an inhibiting effect on the seedlings, so that the survival rate of the seedlings transplanted in the next year is reduced, and the quality of the seedlings is difficult to guarantee;
(3) the raw waste soil is used in a large amount during storage, and the labor amount is large. The traditional seedling storage mode needs a large amount of raw and useless soil to perform seedling-to-seedling spacing, so that raw and useless soil isolation zones are formed among the seedlings, 3-5 tons of raw and useless soil are needed for storing 1 ton of seedlings, the soil taking cost is time-consuming, and the raw and useless land can be seriously damaged;
(4) improper storage can lead to a rapid increase in bolting rate after seedling transplantation. The temperature of the angelica seedlings is slowly reduced in the storage period, and the bolting rate after the seedlings are transplanted can reach more than 40 percent even in the absence of harvest if the duration time is too long in the environment of 0-5 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides the angelica sinensis seedling storage method which is easy to operate, good in effect, adjustable and controllable, low in cost, capable of effectively preventing the problems of seedling rotting and heating of angelica sinensis seedlings in the storage period and effectively reducing the bolting rate of the angelica sinensis seedlings in the seedling transplanting period.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a storage method of angelica sinensis seedlings comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) seedling harvesting:
selecting good Chinese angelica variety three-year-old seeds for seedling culture, digging when the seedling age reaches 90-110d, and selecting sunny days when digging; when the seedlings are picked and dug, the leaves and the stems are twisted off, and the base parts of the seedlings keep 3-5cm leaf stalks;
2) sweating and water loss of seedlings:
temporarily planting the picked seedlings in a shade place at 3-10 ℃, wherein the temporary planting time is 10-15d, the leaf stalks reserved at the base parts of the seedlings wilting and fall off, and the seedlings lose 10-20% of water, so that the seedlings enter a dormant period;
3) selecting seedlings:
selecting the seedlings which are obtained in the step 2) and enter the dormancy stage, removing the residual petioles of the seedlings, and selecting seedlings which are 70-90g in weight, 3-6mm in thickness, smooth in root epidermis, free of side root bifurcation, strong, free of mechanical damage and free of diseases and insect pests;
4) and (3) seedling sterilization treatment:
sterilizing the seedlings selected in the step 3);
5) preparing a seedling storage substrate:
taking a mixture of vermiculite and coconut husk as a storage matrix base material, adding water for infiltration, and adding an antibacterial agent to obtain a seedling storage matrix;
6) seedling packing:
selecting a foam box with the wall thickness of 1.5-2.0cm or a plastic box with the same thickness and a layer of plastic shed film inside, laminating the seedlings and the matrix according to the volume ratio of 1 (2.5-3.0), and sealing;
7) warehousing seedlings:
spraying 75% alcohol on the four walls and the ground of the seedling storage warehouse 2-3 days before the seedlings are put in the warehouse to sterilize the seedling storage warehouse, and sterilizing for 4-6h by using an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp; the seedlings boxed in the step 6) are moved into a cold storage, the seedlings are arranged in rows and are stacked, 6-8 layers of seedling boxes are arranged every time, and the interval between every two seedling boxes is 10-20 cm;
8) seedling storage:
after the seedlings are put into a cold storage, starting a cold storage refrigerating system to gradually cool, wherein the cooling speed is reduced by 0.2 ℃ every 6-8 hours, and the seedlings are kept in a constant temperature state after being reduced to a preset temperature from the normal temperature; the preset temperature of the constant temperature state is-6 to-15 ℃, and the humidity in the refrigerator is controlled to be kept at 65-80% by a dehumidifier in the storage process;
9) and (3) taking the seedlings out of the warehouse:
stopping the refrigeration system of the refrigeration house 5-10 days before the seedlings are planned to be taken out of the refrigeration house, opening a door of the refrigeration house at night when the temperature of the refrigeration house is gradually increased to-3-0 ℃, enabling the temperature of the refrigeration house to be consistent with the natural temperature, and then taking out the seedlings to be tested and transplanted after the seedlings are qualified;
10) and (4) checking:
and (4) randomly sampling the seedlings according to the angelica sinensis seedling inspection standard before the seedlings are taken out of the warehouse to determine the germination rate and the rotten seedling rate of the seedlings.
Further, in the above storage method of angelica sinensis seedlings, in the step 2), the temporary planting method comprises: obliquely heeling the seedlings collected in the step 1) in wet soil with the water content of 50-70%, wherein the inclination angle is 30-45 degrees, and the seedlings carry the stems to expose out of the soil surface.
Further, in the above method for storing angelica sinensis germchits, in the step 4), the germchit sterilization treatment method is as follows: soaking the seedlings in 75% alcohol solution for 30-90 s, taking out, and blowing with a fan for 5-10min at a speed of 10-15m/s to evaporate residual alcohol and water on the surfaces of the seedlings; then the seedlings are spread and placed under an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp to irradiate for 20-30min, and are turned over once every 5 min.
Further, in the above method for storing angelica sinensis seedlings, in the step 5), the method for preparing the seedling storage matrix comprises: taking dried vermiculite and coconut husk as materials according to the volume ratio (0.2-0.5): 1 to obtain a storage substrate base material; adding water to the uniformly mixed storage substrate base material for infiltration, so that the water content of the mixed substrate is 60-85%; agricultural streptomycin, chlorothalonil and carbendazim are added into the soaked matrix, and 10g of streptomycin, 20g of chlorothalonil and 20g of carbendazim are added into the matrix of each formula, so that the seedling storage matrix can be obtained.
Further, in the above method for storing angelica sinensis seedlings, in the step 6), the step of boxing the seedlings comprises: firstly, paving the storage matrix prepared in the step 5) in a seedling box, wherein the thickness of the storage matrix is 5-8cm, then placing a layer of seedlings, the thickness of the seedlings is 2-3cm, then adding the storage matrix with the thickness of 3-5cm and compacting, repeating the steps to place 6-8 layers of seedlings, then covering the storage matrix with the thickness of 5-8cm and compacting, and then sealing the cover of the seedling box.
Further, in the above storage method of angelica sinensis seedlings, in the step 8), the predetermined temperature of the constant temperature state is-8 to-12 ℃, and the humidity in the refrigerator is maintained at 70-75%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the storage method of angelica sinensis seedlings provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the efficiency is improved and the cost is saved. When the traditional Chinese angelica seedlings are dug, the seedlings are wrapped by soil with the seedling volume 2-3 times that of the seedlings and then stored, the labor amount is large, and the digging is slow; the method does not need to carry soil when the seedlings are collected, and the seedlings are directly transported back to a processing workshop, so that the labor intensity during seedling collection and excavation can be reduced, the collection and excavation cost is reduced, and the seedling collection and excavation efficiency is improved by more than 20%.
2. Treating seedlings and reducing seedling storage diseases. The traditional angelica sinensis seedling storage adopts cellaring or stacking and burying, needs a large amount of raw and barren soil to be placed among seedlings, and brings great difficulty to the seedling storage. The method utilizes the sterilization of the seedlings and the mixing of vermiculite and coconut chaff as the seedling storage substrate, the substrate has small volume, is convenient for transportation and easy for controlling the water content, can avoid the seedling rotting phenomenon in the seedling storage process caused by the germ carried by the storage soil, and reduces the seedling rotting rate to 0.
3. Controlling the seedling storage temperature and reducing the transplanting bolting rate. The method utilizes low temperature and constant temperature to store the seedlings, avoids the phenomenon of heating of the seedlings in the storage period caused by the change of the external climate environment, can prolong the storage time of the seedlings, reduces the bolting rate of the transplanted seedlings to below 15 percent, and reduces the bolting rate by more than 20 percent compared with the traditional seedling storage mode.
4. The seedlings are consistent, and the mechanical transplanting is easy. The method screens the seedlings before the seedlings are stored, the seedlings are uniform after the seedlings are taken out of the warehouse in the next year, mechanical transplanting is easy to carry out, and a foundation is laid for mechanical transplanting of the angelica sinensis.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a angelica sinensis seedling storage method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) seedling harvesting: selecting a good Chinese angelica variety Mingui No. 1 three-year-old seed for seedling culture, and selecting fine-day harvest when the seedling age reaches 90 days. When the seedlings are picked and dug, the leaves and the stems are twisted off, the base parts of the seedlings keep 3-5cm leaf stalks, and then woven bags are loaded and transported back to a processing workshop.
(2) Sweating and water loss of seedlings: and (3) heeling the picked seedlings in a shady and cool place at 3-5 ℃ at an inclination of 30 degrees in wet soil with the water content of 50% for heeling in 15d, wilting and falling off the leaves and stems reserved at the base of the seedlings, losing 20% of water of the seedlings and entering a dormant period.
(3) Selecting seedlings: and (3) selecting the seedlings which enter the dormancy in the step (2), removing residual leaf stalks of the seedlings, and selecting the seedlings which are about 70g in weight, about 4mm in seedling thickness, smooth in root epidermis, free of side root bifurcation, strong, free of mechanical damage and free of plant diseases and insect pests.
(4) Seedling treatment: soaking the seedlings selected in the step 3 in 75% alcohol solution for 30s, fishing out, blowing for 5min at a wind speed of 10m/s, and completely evaporating residual alcohol and water on the surfaces of the seedlings; then the seedlings are spread and placed under an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp to irradiate for 20min, and are turned over once every 5 min.
(5) Preparing a seedling storage substrate: selecting dried vermiculite and coconut husk as materials, and uniformly mixing the materials according to the volume ratio of 0.2: 1; adding water to the uniformly mixed substrate for soaking so that the water content of the mixed substrate is 60%; agricultural streptomycin, chlorothalonil and carbendazim are added into the soaked matrix, and 10g of streptomycin, 20g of chlorothalonil and 20g of carbendazim are added into the matrix of each formula.
(6) Seedling packing: selecting a foam box with the thickness of 1.5cm, filling 5cm of the storage matrix prepared in the step 5 in the seedling box, then placing a layer of seedlings with the thickness of 2cm, then adding the storage matrix and compacting, wherein the thickness of the matrix is 3cm, repeating the steps to place 8 layers of seedlings, then covering 7cm of the storage matrix and compacting, and then covering the foam box or a plastic box cover for sealing; the volume ratio of the seedlings to the matrix is 1: 2.5.
(7) Warehousing seedlings: spraying 75% alcohol on the four walls and the ground of the seedling storage warehouse 3 days before the seedlings are put in the warehouse, and sterilizing for 4 hours by using an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp. And (4) transferring the seedlings packaged in the step (6) into a cold storage, arranging the seedlings in rows and stacking, wherein 8 layers of seedling placing boxes are preferably arranged, and the interval between every two seedling placing boxes is 10 cm.
(8) Seedling storage: after the seedlings are put into the cold storage, a cold storage refrigerating system is started to gradually reduce the temperature, the temperature reduction speed is reduced by 0.2 ℃ every 6 hours, the constant temperature state is kept after the temperature is reduced by minus 6 ℃ from the normal temperature, and the humidity in the cold storage is controlled to be kept at about 60% by a dehumidifier in the storage process.
(9) And (3) taking the seedlings out of the warehouse: stopping the refrigeration system of the refrigeration house 5d before the seedlings are planned to be taken out of the refrigeration house, gradually raising the temperature of the refrigeration house, enabling the temperature of the refrigeration house to reach-3 ℃, and opening a door of the refrigeration house at night.
(10) And (4) checking: and (4) randomly sampling the seedlings according to the angelica sinensis seedling inspection standard before the seedlings are taken out of the warehouse to determine the germination rate and the rotten seedling rate of the seedlings. And (4) cultivating the seedlings according to a traditional membrane side cultivation method, and then determining the transplanting survival rate and the bolting rate.
Example 2:
a angelica sinensis seedling storage method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) seedling harvesting: selecting a good Chinese angelica variety Mingui No. 1 three-year-old seed for seedling culture, and selecting fine-day harvest when the seedling age reaches 90 days. When the seedlings are picked and dug, the leaves and the stems are twisted off, the base parts of the seedlings keep 3-5cm leaf stalks, and then woven bags are loaded and transported back to a processing workshop.
(2) Sweating and water loss of seedlings: and (3) heeling the picked seedlings in a shady and cool place at 4-5 ℃ at an inclination of 45 degrees in wet soil with the water content of 60 percent for heeling in, wherein the heeling time is 12d, the leaf stalks reserved at the base parts of the seedlings wilting and fall off, the seedlings lose 16 percent of water, and the seedlings enter a dormant period.
(3) Selecting seedlings: and (3) selecting the seedlings which enter the dormancy in the step (2), removing residual leaf stalks of the seedlings, and selecting the seedlings which are about 70g in weight, about 3mm in thickness, smooth in root epidermis, free of side root bifurcation, strong, free of mechanical damage and free of plant diseases and insect pests.
(4) Seedling treatment: soaking the seedlings selected in the step 3 in 75% alcohol solution for 50s, taking out, blowing for 6min at a wind speed of 10m/s, and completely evaporating residual alcohol and water on the surfaces of the seedlings; then the seedlings are spread and placed under an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp to irradiate for 20min, and are turned over once every 5 min.
(5) Preparing a seedling storage substrate: selecting dried vermiculite and coconut husk as materials, and uniformly mixing the materials according to the volume ratio of 0.3: 1; adding water to the uniformly mixed substrate for soaking so that the water content of the mixed substrate is 75%; agricultural streptomycin, chlorothalonil and carbendazim are added into the soaked matrix, and 10g of streptomycin, 20g of chlorothalonil and 20g of carbendazim are added into the matrix of each formula.
(6) Seedling packing: selecting a seedling-containing plastic basket, filling a layer of plastic shed film in the basket, filling the storage matrix prepared in the step 5 in the plastic basket by 8cm, then placing a layer of seedlings with the thickness of 2cm, then adding the storage matrix and compacting, wherein the thickness of the matrix is 4cm, repeating the steps to place 6 layers of seedlings, then covering the 6cm storage matrix and compacting, and then covering a foam box or a plastic box cover for sealing; the volume ratio of the seedlings to the matrix is 1: 2.6.
(7) Warehousing seedlings: spraying 75% alcohol on the four walls and the ground of the seedling storage warehouse 3 days before the seedlings are put in the warehouse, and sterilizing for 4 hours by using an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp. And (4) transferring the seedlings packaged in the step (6) into a cold storage, arranging the seedlings in rows and in a stacking manner, wherein 6 layers of seedling placing boxes are preferably arranged every time, and the interval between every two seedling placing boxes is 10 cm.
(8) Seedling storage: after the seedlings are put into the cold storage, a cold storage refrigerating system is started to gradually reduce the temperature, the temperature reduction speed is reduced by 0.2 ℃ every 6 hours, the temperature is reduced by minus 10 ℃ from the normal temperature, then the constant temperature state is kept, and the humidity in the cold storage is controlled to be kept at about 60% by a dehumidifier in the storage process.
(9) And (3) taking the seedlings out of the warehouse: stopping the refrigeration system of the refrigeration house 5d before the seedlings are planned to be taken out of the refrigeration house, gradually raising the temperature of the refrigeration house, enabling the temperature of the refrigeration house to reach-3 ℃, and opening a door of the refrigeration house at night.
(10) And (4) checking: and (4) randomly sampling the seedlings according to the angelica sinensis seedling inspection standard before the seedlings are taken out of the warehouse to determine the germination rate and the rotten seedling rate of the seedlings. And (4) cultivating the seedlings according to a traditional membrane side cultivation method, and then determining the transplanting survival rate and the bolting rate.
Example 3:
a angelica sinensis seedling storage method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) seedling harvesting: selecting a good Chinese angelica variety Mingui No. 1 three-year-old seed for seedling culture, and selecting clear-day harvest when the seedling age reaches 100 days. When the seedlings are picked and dug, the leaves and the stems are twisted off, the base parts of the seedlings keep 3-5cm leaf stalks, and then woven bags are loaded and transported back to a processing workshop.
(2) Sweating and water loss of seedlings: heeling the picked seedlings in a shady and cool place at 4-5 ℃ at an inclination of 45 degrees in wet soil with the water content of 70 percent for heeling in, wherein the heeling-in time is 10 days, the leaf stalks reserved at the base parts of the seedlings wilting and fall off, the seedlings lose 15 percent of water, and the seedlings enter a dormant period.
(3) Selecting seedlings: and (3) selecting the seedlings which enter the dormancy in the step (2), removing residual leaf stalks of the seedlings, and selecting the seedlings which are about 80g in weight, about 5mm in thickness, smooth in root epidermis, free of side root bifurcation, strong, free of mechanical damage and free of plant diseases and insect pests.
(4) Seedling treatment: soaking the seedlings selected in the step 3 in 75% alcohol solution for 50s, taking out, blowing for 7min at a wind speed of 13m/s, and completely evaporating residual alcohol and water on the surfaces of the seedlings; then the seedlings are spread and placed under an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp to irradiate for 25min, and are turned over once every 5 min.
(5) Preparing a seedling storage substrate: selecting dried vermiculite and coconut husk as materials, and uniformly mixing the materials according to the volume ratio of 0.3: 1; adding water to the uniformly mixed substrate for soaking so that the water content of the mixed substrate is 70%; agricultural streptomycin, chlorothalonil and carbendazim are added into the soaked matrix, and 10g of streptomycin, 20g of chlorothalonil and 20g of carbendazim are added into the matrix of each formula.
(6) Seedling packing: selecting a seedling-containing plastic basket, filling a layer of plastic shed film in the basket, filling the storage matrix prepared in the step 5 in the plastic basket by 8cm, then placing a layer of seedlings with the thickness of 3cm, then adding the storage matrix and compacting, wherein the thickness of the matrix is 5cm, repeating the steps to place 7 layers of seedlings, then covering the 5cm storage matrix and compacting, and then covering a foam box or a plastic box cover for sealing; the volume ratio of the seedlings to the matrix is 1: 2.8.
(7) Warehousing seedlings: spraying 75% alcohol on the four walls and the ground of the seedling storage warehouse 4 days before the seedlings are put in the warehouse, and sterilizing for 6h by using an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp. And (4) transferring the seedlings packaged in the step (6) into a cold storage, arranging the seedlings in rows and in a stacking manner, wherein 6 layers of seedling placing boxes are preferably arranged every time, and the interval between every two seedling placing boxes is 15 cm.
(8) Seedling storage: after the seedlings are put into the cold storage, a cold storage refrigerating system is started to gradually reduce the temperature, the temperature reduction speed is reduced by 0.2 ℃ every 6 hours, the temperature is reduced from the normal temperature to-12 ℃, then the constant temperature state is kept, and the humidity in the cold storage is controlled to be kept at about 70% by a dehumidifier in the storage process.
(9) And (3) taking the seedlings out of the warehouse: stopping the refrigeration system of the refrigeration house 8d before the seedlings are planned to be taken out of the refrigeration house, gradually raising the temperature of the refrigeration house, enabling the temperature of the refrigeration house to reach-3 ℃, and opening a door of the refrigeration house at night.
(10) And (4) checking: and (4) randomly sampling the seedlings according to the angelica sinensis seedling inspection standard before the seedlings are taken out of the warehouse to determine the germination rate and the rotten seedling rate of the seedlings. And (4) cultivating the seedlings according to a traditional membrane side cultivation method, and then determining the transplanting survival rate and the bolting rate.
Example 4:
a angelica sinensis seedling storage method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) seedling harvesting: selecting a good Chinese angelica variety Mingui No. 1 three-year-old seed for seedling culture, and selecting fine-day harvest when the seedling age reaches 105 d. When the seedlings are picked and dug, the leaves and the stems are twisted off, the base parts of the seedlings keep 3-5cm leaf stalks, and then woven bags are loaded and transported back to a processing workshop.
(2) Sweating and water loss of seedlings: and (3) heeling the picked seedlings in a shady and cool place at 4-5 ℃ at an inclination of 30 degrees in wet soil with the water content of 60 percent for heeling in 12d, wilting and falling off the leaves and stems reserved at the base of the seedlings, losing 15 percent of water of the seedlings and entering a dormant period.
(3) Selecting seedlings: and (3) selecting the seedlings which enter the dormancy in the step (2), removing residual leaf stalks of the seedlings, and selecting the seedlings which are about 80g in weight, about 5mm in thickness, smooth in root epidermis, free of side root bifurcation, strong, free of mechanical damage and free of plant diseases and insect pests.
(4) Seedling treatment: soaking the seedlings selected in the step 3 in 75% alcohol solution for 70s, taking out, blowing for 8min at a wind speed of 13m/s, and completely evaporating residual alcohol and water on the surfaces of the seedlings; then the seedlings are spread and placed under an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp to irradiate for 30min, and are turned over once every 5 min.
(5) Preparing a seedling storage substrate: selecting dried vermiculite and coconut husk as materials, and uniformly mixing the materials according to the volume ratio of 0.5: 1; adding water to the uniformly mixed substrate for soaking so that the water content of the mixed substrate is 80%; agricultural streptomycin, chlorothalonil and carbendazim are added into the soaked matrix, and 10g of streptomycin, 20g of chlorothalonil and 20g of carbendazim are added into the matrix of each formula.
(6) Seedling packing: selecting a seedling-containing plastic basket, filling a layer of plastic shed film in the basket, filling the storage matrix prepared in the step 5 in the plastic basket by 8cm, then placing a layer of seedlings with the thickness of 3cm, then adding the storage matrix and compacting, wherein the thickness of the matrix is 5cm, repeating the steps to place 8 layers of seedlings, then covering 6cm of the storage matrix and compacting, and then covering a foam box or a plastic box cover for sealing; the volume ratio of the seedlings to the matrix is 1: 3.0.
(7) Warehousing seedlings: spraying 75% alcohol on the four walls and the ground of the seedling storage warehouse 4 days before the seedlings are put in the warehouse, and sterilizing for 6h by using an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp. And (4) transferring the seedlings packaged in the step (6) into a cold storage, arranging the seedlings in rows and in a stacking manner, wherein 6 layers of seedling placing boxes are preferably arranged every time, and the interval between every two seedling placing boxes is 15 cm.
(8) Seedling storage: after the seedlings are put into the cold storage, a cold storage refrigerating system is started to gradually reduce the temperature, the temperature reduction speed is reduced by 0.2 ℃ every 6 hours, the temperature is reduced from the normal temperature to-8 ℃, then the constant temperature state is kept, and the humidity in the cold storage is controlled to be kept at about 80% by a dehumidifier in the storage process.
(9) And (3) taking the seedlings out of the warehouse: stopping the refrigeration system of the refrigeration house 8d before the seedlings are planned to be taken out of the refrigeration house, gradually raising the temperature of the refrigeration house, enabling the temperature of the refrigeration house to reach-3 ℃, and opening a door of the refrigeration house at night.
(10) And (4) checking: and (4) randomly sampling the seedlings according to the angelica sinensis seedling inspection standard before the seedlings are taken out of the warehouse to determine the germination rate and the rotten seedling rate of the seedlings. And (4) cultivating the seedlings according to a traditional membrane side cultivation method, and then determining the transplanting survival rate and the bolting rate.
Example 5:
a angelica sinensis seedling storage method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) seedling harvesting: selecting a good Chinese angelica variety Mingui No. 1 three-year-old seed for seedling culture, and selecting clear-day harvest when the seedling age reaches 110 days. When the seedlings are picked and dug, the leaves and the stems are twisted off, the base parts of the seedlings keep 3-5cm leaf stalks, and then woven bags are loaded and transported back to a processing workshop.
(2) Sweating and water loss of seedlings: and (3) heeling the picked seedlings in a shady and cool place at 3-5 ℃ at an inclination of 30 degrees in wet soil with the water content of 50% for heeling in 15d, wilting and falling off the leaves and stems reserved at the base of the seedlings, losing 20% of water of the seedlings and entering a dormant period.
(3) Selecting seedlings: and (3) selecting the seedlings which enter the dormancy in the step (2), removing residual leaf stalks of the seedlings, and selecting the seedlings which are about 90g in weight, about 6mm in thickness, smooth in root epidermis, free of side root bifurcation, strong, free of mechanical damage and free of plant diseases and insect pests.
(4) Seedling treatment: soaking the seedlings selected in the step 3 in 75% alcohol solution for 90s, fishing out, blowing for 10min at the wind speed of 15m/s, and completely evaporating residual alcohol and water on the surfaces of the seedlings; then the seedlings are spread and placed under an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp to irradiate for 30min, and are turned over once every 5 min.
(5) Preparing a seedling storage substrate: selecting dried vermiculite and coconut husk as materials, and uniformly mixing the materials according to the volume ratio of 0.3: 1; adding water to the uniformly mixed substrate for soaking so that the water content of the mixed substrate is 70%; agricultural streptomycin, chlorothalonil and carbendazim are added into the soaked matrix, and 10g of streptomycin, 20g of chlorothalonil and 20g of carbendazim are added into the matrix of each formula.
(6) Seedling packing: selecting a foam box with the thickness of 2.0cm, filling 5cm of the storage matrix prepared in the step 5 in the seedling box, then placing a layer of seedlings with the thickness of 2cm, then adding the storage matrix and compacting, wherein the thickness of the matrix is 3cm, repeating the steps to place 6 layers of seedlings, then covering 8cm of the storage matrix and compacting, and then covering the foam box or the plastic box cover for sealing; the volume ratio of the seedlings to the matrix is 1: 2.8.
(7) Warehousing seedlings: spraying 75% alcohol on the four walls and the ground of the seedling storage warehouse 2-3 days before warehousing, and sterilizing for 6h with an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp. And (4) transferring the seedlings packaged in the step (6) into a cold storage, arranging the seedlings in rows and stacking, wherein 8 layers of seedling placing boxes are preferably arranged, and the interval between every two seedling placing boxes is 20 cm.
(8) Seedling storage: after the seedlings are put into the cold storage, a cold storage refrigerating system is started to gradually reduce the temperature, the temperature reduction speed is reduced by 0.2 ℃ every 6 hours, the temperature is reduced from the normal temperature to-15 ℃, then the constant temperature state is kept, and the humidity in the cold storage is controlled to be kept at about 60% by a dehumidifier in the storage process.
(9) And (3) taking the seedlings out of the warehouse: stopping the refrigeration system of the refrigeration house 10 days before the seedlings are planned to be taken out of the refrigeration house, gradually raising the temperature of the refrigeration house, enabling the temperature of the refrigeration house to reach-3 ℃, and opening a door of the refrigeration house at night.
(10) And (4) checking: and (4) randomly sampling the seedlings according to the angelica sinensis seedling inspection standard before the seedlings are taken out of the warehouse to determine the germination rate and the rotten seedling rate of the seedlings. And (4) cultivating the seedlings according to a traditional membrane side cultivation method, and then determining the transplanting survival rate and the bolting rate.
Example 6 (control):
the traditional seedling stacking and storing way is used as a control for comparison and explanation:
(1) and (3) seedling harvesting: selecting a good Chinese angelica variety Mingui No. 1 three-year-old seed for seedling culture, and selecting clear-day harvest when the seedling age reaches 100 days. When the seedlings are picked and dug, the leaves and the stems are twisted off, the leaf stalks of 3-5cm are reserved at the base parts of the seedlings, the seedlings and the soil are mixed according to the proportion of 1:3, bundled and then put into woven bags for transportation back.
(2) Sweating and water loss of seedlings: removing collected seedlings to weave bags, sweating for 15d in shade at 5-6 deg.C, wilting and falling off the leaf stalks retained at the base of the seedlings, and making the seedlings enter dormancy stage.
(3) Seedling storage: selecting a wall corner place with good ventilation and cool and clean, firstly paving a layer of crude dry soil with the thickness of about 5cm on the ground, then laying a layer of Chinese angelica seedlings which are bundled into small bundles on the ground, arranging the seedlings with outward heads and inward roots, filling gaps with the crude dry soil, compacting, paving a layer of crude dry soil with the thickness of 1-2cm on the ground, arranging the seedlings according to the method, covering the seedlings with 5-7 layers of soil, and finally covering the periphery of the seedlings with 20cm of soil to form a trapezoidal seedling storage soil pile with the height of about 80-100 cm. Then, a pergola is covered on the top by asbestos tiles to shield rain and snow. The seedlings are not turned over during storage.
(4) And (3) taking the seedlings out of the warehouse: digging out the seedlings from the soil heap 3-5 days before transplanting the seedlings.
(5) And (4) checking: randomly sampling the seedlings before transplanting to determine the germination rate and rotten seedling rate of the seedlings; and (4) cultivating the seedlings according to a traditional membrane side cultivation method, and then determining the transplanting survival rate and the bolting rate.
Example 7 (control):
the traditional cellaring seedling mode is used as a contrast for comparison and explanation:
(1) and (3) seedling harvesting: selecting a good Chinese angelica variety Mingui No. 1 three-year-old seed for seedling culture, and selecting clear-day harvest when the seedling age reaches 100 days. When the seedlings are picked and dug, the leaves and the stems are twisted off, the leaf stalks of 3-5cm are reserved at the base parts of the seedlings, the seedlings and the soil are mixed according to the proportion of 1:3, bundled and then put into woven bags for transportation back.
(2) Sweating and water loss of seedlings: removing collected seedlings to weave bags, sweating for 15d in shade at 5-6 deg.C, wilting and falling off the leaf stalks retained at the base of the seedlings, and making the seedlings enter dormancy stage.
(3) Seedling storage: digging a dry and shady place without a mouse hole and water seepage, wherein the cellar is 1m deep, 1m wide and 2.5m long, laying a layer of crude dry soil with the thickness of about 5cm at the bottom of the cellar, placing a layer of bundled angelica sinensis seedlings on the soil, arranging the seedlings at intervals of about 1cm, placing a layer of seedling, covering the crude semi-dry soil with the thickness of 3-5cm, repeatedly placing 7 layers of the crude semi-dry soil, piling the soil on the crude semi-dry soil to be higher than the ground to prevent water accumulation, and opening drainage ditches around the cellar.
(4) And (3) taking the seedlings out of the warehouse: digging out the seedlings from the storage cellar 3-5 days before transplanting the seedlings.
(5) And (4) checking: randomly sampling the seedlings before transplanting to determine the germination rate and rotten seedling rate of the seedlings; and (4) cultivating the seedlings according to a traditional membrane side cultivation method, and then determining the transplanting survival rate and the bolting rate.
Examples 1-5 are the angelica seedling storage method adopted by the present invention, examples 6 and 7 are the traditional angelica seedling stacking and cellaring method, and the effect of different seedling storage modes is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the germination rate and the transplanting survival rate of the storage mode provided by the invention are higher than those of the traditional stacking or cellaring mode by more than 10%, the rotten seedling rate and the bolting rate after transplanting are greatly reduced, wherein the rotten seedling rate is 0 in 5 embodiments, and the bolting rate is reduced by about 4-5 times.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The storage method of the angelica sinensis seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) and (3) seedling harvesting:
selecting good Chinese angelica variety three-year-old seeds for seedling culture, digging when the seedling age reaches 90-110d, and selecting sunny days when digging; when the seedlings are picked and dug, the leaves and the stems are twisted off, and the base parts of the seedlings keep 3-5cm leaf stalks;
2) sweating and water loss of seedlings:
temporarily planting the picked seedlings in a shade place at 3-10 ℃, wherein the temporary planting time is 10-15d, the leaf stalks reserved at the base parts of the seedlings wilting and fall off, and the seedlings lose 10-20% of water, so that the seedlings enter a dormant period;
3) selecting seedlings:
selecting the seedlings which are obtained in the step 2) and enter the dormancy stage, removing the residual petioles of the seedlings, and selecting seedlings which are 70-90g in weight, 3-6mm in thickness, smooth in root epidermis, free of side root bifurcation, strong, free of mechanical damage and free of diseases and insect pests;
4) and (3) seedling sterilization treatment:
sterilizing the seedlings selected in the step 3);
5) preparing a seedling storage substrate:
taking a mixture of vermiculite and coconut husk as a storage matrix base material, adding water for infiltration, and adding an antibacterial agent to obtain a seedling storage matrix;
6) seedling packing:
selecting a foam box with the wall thickness of 1.5-2.0cm or a plastic box with the same thickness and a layer of plastic shed film inside, laminating the seedlings and the matrix according to the volume ratio of 1 (2.5-3.0), and sealing;
7) warehousing seedlings:
spraying 75% alcohol on the four walls and the ground of the seedling storage warehouse 2-3 days before the seedlings are put in the warehouse to sterilize the seedling storage warehouse, and sterilizing for 4-6h by using an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp; the seedlings boxed in the step 6) are moved into a cold storage, the seedlings are arranged in rows and are stacked, 6-8 layers of seedling boxes are arranged every time, and the interval between every two seedling boxes is 10-20 cm;
8) seedling storage:
after the seedlings are put into a cold storage, starting a cold storage refrigerating system to gradually cool, wherein the cooling speed is reduced by 0.2 ℃ every 6-8 hours, and the seedlings are kept in a constant temperature state after being reduced to a preset temperature from the normal temperature; the preset temperature of the constant temperature state is-6 to-15 ℃, and the humidity in the refrigerator is controlled to be kept at 65-80% by a dehumidifier in the storage process;
9) and (3) taking the seedlings out of the warehouse:
stopping the refrigeration system of the refrigeration house 5-10 days before the seedlings are planned to be taken out of the refrigeration house, opening a door of the refrigeration house at night when the temperature of the refrigeration house is gradually increased to-3-0 ℃, enabling the temperature of the refrigeration house to be consistent with the natural temperature, and then taking out the seedlings to be tested and transplanted after the seedlings are qualified;
10) and (4) checking:
and (4) randomly sampling the seedlings according to the angelica sinensis seedling inspection standard before the seedlings are taken out of the warehouse to determine the germination rate and the rotten seedling rate of the seedlings.
2. The method for storing angelica sinensis seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the temporary planting method comprises: obliquely heeling the seedlings collected in the step 1) in wet soil with the water content of 50-70%, wherein the inclination angle is 30-45 degrees, and the seedlings carry the stems to expose out of the soil surface.
3. The method for storing angelica sinensis seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the seedling sterilization treatment method comprises the following steps: soaking the seedlings in 75% alcohol solution for 30-90 s, taking out, and blowing with a fan for 5-10min at a speed of 10-15m/s to evaporate residual alcohol and water on the surfaces of the seedlings; then the seedlings are spread and placed under an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp to irradiate for 20-30min, and are turned over once every 5 min.
4. The method for storing angelica sinensis seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the method for preparing the seedling storage matrix comprises the following steps: taking dried vermiculite and coconut husk as materials according to the volume ratio (0.2-0.5): 1 to obtain a storage substrate base material; adding water to the uniformly mixed storage substrate base material for infiltration, so that the water content of the mixed substrate is 60-85%; agricultural streptomycin, chlorothalonil and carbendazim are added into the soaked matrix, and 10g of streptomycin, 20g of chlorothalonil and 20g of carbendazim are added into the matrix of each formula, so that the seedling storage matrix can be obtained.
5. The method for storing angelica sinensis seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 6), the step of packing the seedlings comprises: firstly, paving the storage matrix prepared in the step 5) in a seedling box, wherein the thickness of the storage matrix is 5-8cm, then placing a layer of seedlings, the thickness of the seedlings is 2-3cm, then adding the storage matrix with the thickness of 3-5cm and compacting, repeating the steps to place 6-8 layers of seedlings, then covering the storage matrix with the thickness of 5-8cm and compacting, and then sealing the cover of the seedling box.
6. The method for storing angelica sinensis seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step 8), the predetermined temperature of the constant temperature state is-8 to-12 ℃, and the humidity in the refrigerator is maintained at 70-75%.
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