CN102742433A - Method for cultivating pollution-free cucumbers - Google Patents
Method for cultivating pollution-free cucumbers Download PDFInfo
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- CN102742433A CN102742433A CN201210198198XA CN201210198198A CN102742433A CN 102742433 A CN102742433 A CN 102742433A CN 201210198198X A CN201210198198X A CN 201210198198XA CN 201210198198 A CN201210198198 A CN 201210198198A CN 102742433 A CN102742433 A CN 102742433A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating pollution-free cucumbers. The method comprises steps of soil selection, soil preparation, seed selection, cultivation, transplantation, fix planting, management after the fix planting, prevention and cure of diseases and insect pests, fertilization and fruit harvest. Standards and requirements of pollution-free crop planting are implemented strictly in accordance with environment quality requirements, cultivation technical measures, fertilization principles and methods and methods and principles of prevention and cure of diseases and insect pests, a Chinese herbal medicine fertilizer is applied in the seedbed sterilization and the prevention and the cure of diseases and insect pests, the usage amount of conventional pesticides is reduced, the pesticide residue is also reduced, and pollution-free requirements are met. By the aid of the method, harvested cucumbers are uniform in size and smooth in cucumber peel, the yield is high, the quality is good and no pesticide residue exists.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural product cultivation field, be specifically related to the cultivation method of a kind of nuisanceless cucumber.
Background technology
Cucumber also is green cucumber, perverse melon, Curcurbitaceae annual herb plant.Cucumber cultivation is with a long history, and bright Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) Compendium of Material Medica the 28th volume " dish portion three cucumbers " carries: " Zhang Qian must plant the Western Regions, so the name cucumber. " plants extensively, is worldwide vegetables.Stem is elongated, and tool is indulged rib, is lacked bristle, and tendril is branch not.Peponidium, long and narrow circle or cylindrical.Flower, the fruit phase 5-9 month.Color was dark green when cucumber was tender, so some areas are claimed green cucumber again, meeting yellowing behind the elder.Cucumber plant is tender, and stem drapes over one's shoulders hair and succulence, and leaf is by fine hair, 3～5 pieces of slivers of tool; Give birth to paniculate tendril on the stem, edge frame climbing by this.Cucumber needs maximum heats in the common vegetables.In Northern Europe, extensively built is cultivated in the greenhouse.In the U.S. area that has a moderate climate, do the field crop plantation and plant in garden.Normally behind the excess planting seedling thinning to proper density.The Guangzhou cucumber cultivation is longer season in China, and outdoor cropping can reach more than 9 months, utilizes facility cultivation to reach and produces in the anniversary and supply, and ten thousand mu of year cultivated area 5-10 are one of important vegetables of city's pin and outlet.
A large amount of chemical fertilizer, traditional agricultural chemicals of using in the traditional planting technology, the cucumber that causes output is along with farming is residual more, and the people often uses such cucumber can bring side effect to health.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses the cultivation method of a kind of nuisanceless cucumber, adopt nuisanceless planting technology cucumber from choosing ground to fertilising, the several aspects of the extermination of disease and insect pest, institute's cucumber fruits of gather in the crops is big or small even, and epidermis is smooth, and is pollution-free, and commodity increases substantially.
For realizing that above-mentioned purpose the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The cultivation method of a kind of nuisanceless cucumber is characterized in that: specifically comprise following content:
(1) mu is educated in seed selection: select disease-resistant worm, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, commodity is good, output is high cucumber improved seeds,
1. build the bed of growing seedlings, select physical features drying, ventilation, well-drained pollution-free plot to build the bed of growing seedlings,
The preparation of a, nutrition soil:
Seedling bed earth mixes in proportion with land for growing field crops soil and the high-quality fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and then by adding the plain 0.8-1.2kg that grows seedlings in every cubic metre of seedling bed earth again, land for growing field crops soil and high-quality are become thoroughly decomposed the mixed weight of fertilizer than being (60-70): (30-40);
B, seedling bed earth sterilization
Nutrition soil to preparing carries out disinfection, and concrete disinfectant measure is: in nutrition soil, admix the mixture of 25% metalaxyl and mancozeb, the mixed proportion of the two is 1:1-1.1, and the amount of admixing is 8-10 g/m
3, the medicine soil after mixing covers with plastic foil, uses after 4-5 days again;
2. seed treatment is removed flat grain, seed is put into 50-60 ℃ of hot water constantly be stirred to water temperature and reduce to about 30 ℃; Stop to stir, let seed continue to soak after 5-7 hour and pull out, be soaked in the thimerosal again and carry out disinfection; Different thimerosals are selected different disinfecting time, and described thimerosal is 500 times of liquid of carbendazim dilution or 300 times of liquid of formalin dilution, uses 500 times of liquid soak times of carbendazim dilution to be 5-6 minute; 300 times of liquid of formalin dilution soaked 1-1.5 hour;
Sterile seed is got rid of moisture, wrapped under 25 ℃～30 ℃ conditions vernalization 22-25 hour,, again seed was deposited 1 day～2 days under 0 ℃～2 ℃ conditions, can sow when bud exposes 1mm～2mm with wet cloth;
A, grafting method
Stock is used black seed pumpkin, and the cultivated species cucumber is used in scion, and sowing the last week is proposed in scion, scion a slice true leaf, and grafting when the stock cotyledon launches, grafting method is to be abutted against;
Management after b, the grafting
Add a cover hut after the grafting and shelter from heat or light, control temperature of shed and humidity, requirement; Temperature: on 22 ℃～28 ℃ of daytimes, at 18 ℃～16 ℃ of nights, humidity keeps more than 95%; During this time and spray spraying of 700～800 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder or the spraying of homemade Chinese herbal medicine fluid, described Chinese herbal medicine fluid adopts following method to process: the dried silkworm excrement 10-15 of component, coptis 5-8, rheum officinale 2-3, kuh-seng 10-12, Swamp Mahogany Leaf 8-10, the Chinese scholartree root 8-10 of following weight portion are added 10-15 times of weight water after mixing, boil with vigorous fire; Boiled 30-40 minutes with slow fire then, the cool filtered through gauze of using of drying in the air, filtrating adds water again and is mixed with dilution for 100-150 times; Spraying is seen light after 4 days, the reduction temperature of leaking informaton for a short time after 6～7 days gradually; Wound healing gets into normal management after 10 days, in time falls disease worm seedling, small and weak seedling and variation seedling;
(2) transplant planting:
1. whole ground bedding is ploughed back button canopy to soil, utilizes disinfecting soil 6-7 days, uses chlorothalonil smoke then, per 667 square metres of 300g, and vexed canopy diel leaks informaton again, executes high-quality barnyard manure 7000-8000kg/667 ㎡ again, plans bedding then, the good seeding row spacing of cloth;
When
field planting is in good time arrived 9-11cm when the length of the seedling in the seedbed; Ambient-temp-stable is more than 12 ℃ the time; With the seedling replanting field planting in the above-mentioned plot of land of putting in order, plantation density: per 667 square metre of 3200 strain～4000 strains; Customization mode: north and south row;
(3) management after the field planting
The adjustment of
plant
Melon seedling after the field planting by conventional requirement, in time removes tendril after growth a period of time, and eunuchs are tied up climingly, pluck Routine Managements such as Lao Ye;
The management of
temperature, humidity
Melon seedling to after the field planting will water as required, the hydrofuge that in time leaks informaton after watering, and temperature adjustment, requirement, day temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and in 8～11 ℃ of evenings, humidity is controlled at 50-85%;
Combining before the field planting ploughs executes the high-quality barnyard manure, combines to water dressing fertilizer again to the knot melon phase, adopts chemical fertilizer and fertilizer (cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, particle chicken manure etc.) biological medicine fertilizer to be used alternatingly, urea 10～15 kg/667 ㎡ at every turn, fertilizer 40-50 kg/667 ㎡; Melon is contained the phase, and is every at a distance from the urea of 4～5 days foliage-sprays 0.5% and 0.2% phosphoric acid dioxy potassium,
The weight portion of the constitutive material of described biological medicine fertilizer is: Platycarya strobilacea 8-10; Horse chestnut 8-10; Golden Larch Bark 8-10; Rhizoma nardostachyos 8-10; Tuber of stemona 8-10; Chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 8-10; Coptis 8-10; Withy 8-10; Chilli seed 8-10; Fortune paulownia flower 8-10; Paulownia sawdust 8-10; Yew 8-10; Anemone vitifolia 8-10; Wilson passionflower herb 8-10; Swamp Mahogany Leaf 8-10; Chinese scholartree root 8-10; Yew 8-10; Fructus Gleditsiae microcarpae 8-10; David poplar root-bark 8-10; Chinese wild pepper 8-10; Lindley Butterflybush Herb 8-10; Embelia subcoridcea (C. B. Cl.) Mez 8-10; Cassia twig 8-10; Windproof 8-10; Elscholtiza 8-10; Chrysanthemum 8-10; Schizonepeta 8-10; Purple perilla 8-10; Mulberry leaf 8-10; Field pennycress 8-10; Sargent gloryvine 8-10; Radix Isatidis 8-10; Herba Andrographitis 8-10; Cordate houttuynia 8-10
During preparation, by the extract mixing of each weight portion, perhaps by mixing after each weight portion coarse crushing; Water or 70-75% ethanol or extracted by ether secondary; Obtain extract medicinal extract, drying is ground preservation into powder, during use; With the alcoholic solution dissolving, convert 800-1200 times of water spray again or also can directly convert 800-1200 times of water spray earlier;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest
A, physical control
(a) residual tree is lost leaf and weeds are cleaned out, concentrate and carry out nuisanceless processing, keep the rural area cleaning;
(b) in the greenhouse or the place of leaking informaton mouthful of booth; If fly net or extension silver gray film bar are kept away aphid, also available yellow plate trapping, method is to be cut into the rectangular of 100cm * 20cm with waste and old fibre or cardboard; Colored yellow paint; Be coated with last layer machine oil simultaneously, hang in the ranks or between strain, after sticking insect, be coated with last layer machine oil again;
B, nutritional prevention
(a) when plant strain growth to the middle and later periods, spray nutritious liquor on plant, 1% glucose or sucrose also can spray sugared nitrogen liquid, described spray sugar nitrogen liquid is that 1% sugar+0.5% urea is formed or sprayed by sugar, nitrogen, vinegar liquid that 1% sugar+1% vinegar+0.5% urea is made into;
(b) get into the knot melon phase and will increase and execute carbonic acid gas, with carbon-dioxide generator or contain 10% dilute sulfuric acid with Plastic Drum and add the carbon ammonium, 10% dilute sulfuric acid: the weight ratio of carbon ammonium is 2.5:1;
C, bionomic control
(a) regulate the Temperature and Humidity Control morbidity
Leaked informaton 1 hour morning when daily mean temperature was stabilized in 10 ℃～13 ℃, closes canopy then and heat up, and the morning, temperature was controlled at 25 ℃～32 ℃, leak informaton after before midday, and 20～25 ℃ of canopy room temperatures, humidity reduces to 50%～60%;
A, the treatment measure when downy mildew takes place:
(a) the vexed canopy of high temperature
When downy mildew takes place when, can adopt the vexed canopy of high temperature, water primary water the previous day in processing, 2 hours vexed canopy time, 45-46 ℃ of canopy temperature in time leaked informaton then, and be once vexed again at a distance from 4 days～5 days;
(b) chemical control
A) fumigation
Their early stage carries out sootiness with the per 667 square metres of 250g～300g of 45% chlorothalonil smoke, looks state of an illness weight smoked 3 times～4 times;
B) soot technique
With the anilazine pulvis of 5% tpn pulvis or 10% dirt that dusts, spray even in the airtight canopy;
C) spraying
800 times～1000 times liquid of Pu Like with 72.2% and 72% Du Pont gram reveals the spraying by turns of two kinds of soups of 800 times of liquid, according to the state of an illness general 3 times～4 times;
B, the treatment measure when powdery mildew takes place:
(a) fumigation
When powdery mildew takes place, can carry out sootiness with 45% chlorothalonil smoke, per 667 square metres of medication 250g～300g;
(b) spraying
The powdery mildew their early stage is with 1500 times of 15% triadimefon wetting powders or 800 times of liquid sprayings of 50% thiophanate methyl, and per 6 days～7 days once, sprays 3 times～4 times;
C, the treatment measure when gray mold takes place
(a) sootiness
When gray mold takes place, carry out sootiness with 45% chlorothalonil smoke, per 667 square metres of medication 250g～300g;
(b) dust
Per 667 square metres of 1kg dust with Sukeling powder Boston, and per 6 days～7 days once, connect to spray 3 times～4 times;
(c) spraying
Spray for 1000 times with 2000 times of liquid of 50% Sukeling wetting powder or 50% sharp mould health, whenever once, connect and spray 2 times～3 times, medication by turns at a distance from 7 days;
D, the treatment measure when the aphid disease takes place
With 1500 times of sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid watermelon blade face, 7 days once, connects to spray 2 times～3 times;
E, the treatment measure when the white powder pediculosis takes place
When insect density was low, 1500 times～2000 times liquid of available 25% buprofezin wetting powder sprayed;
(5) results
Accomplish timely harvesting, the cucumber quality should meet NY5074-2005 mark regulation, and packing, transportation, storage want clean, and health is pollution-free.
The present invention has following clear superiority:
1: the environment of cucumber growth is pollution-free, and the kind of selection is good, the cucumber fruits of gathering in the crops size evenly, epidermis is smooth, commodity increases substantially;
2: the consumption of the fertilizer of using is few, and what the Chinese herbal medicine medicine was fertile uses, and has both reduced agricultural residually, is beneficial to cucumber growth again and obtains high yield;
3: good kind, the use that the Chinese herbal medicine medicine is fertile improves the disease resistance of cucumber, and the whole growth phase, used agricultural chemicals reduced greatly, had further reduced agricultural residual.
Embodiment
The cultivation method of a kind of nuisanceless cucumber specifically comprises following content:
(1) mu is educated in seed selection: select disease-resistant worm, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, commodity is good, output is high cucumber improved seeds,
1. build the bed of growing seedlings, select physical features drying, ventilation, well-drained pollution-free plot to build the bed of growing seedlings,
The preparation of a, nutrition soil:
Seedling bed earth mixes in proportion with land for growing field crops soil and the high-quality fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and then by adding the plain 0.8-1.2kg that grows seedlings in every cubic metre of seedling bed earth again, land for growing field crops soil and high-quality are become thoroughly decomposed the mixed weight of fertilizer than being (60-70): (30-40);
B, seedling bed earth sterilization
Nutrition soil to preparing carries out disinfection, and concrete disinfectant measure is: in nutrition soil, admix the mixture of 25% metalaxyl and mancozeb, the mixed proportion of the two is 1:1-1.1, and the amount of admixing is 8-10 g/m
3, the medicine soil after mixing covers with plastic foil, uses after 4-5 days again;
2. seed treatment is removed flat grain, seed is put into 50-60 ℃ of hot water constantly be stirred to water temperature and reduce to about 30 ℃; Stop to stir, let seed continue to soak after 5-7 hour and pull out, be soaked in the thimerosal again and carry out disinfection; Different thimerosals are selected different disinfecting time, and described thimerosal is 500 times of liquid of carbendazim dilution or 300 times of liquid of formalin dilution, uses 500 times of liquid soak times of carbendazim dilution to be 5-6 minute; 300 times of liquid of formalin dilution soaked 1-1.5 hour;
Sterile seed is got rid of moisture, wrapped under 25 ℃～30 ℃ conditions vernalization 22-25 hour,, again seed was deposited 1 day～2 days under 0 ℃～2 ℃ conditions, can sow when bud exposes 1mm～2mm with wet cloth;
A, grafting method
Stock is used black seed pumpkin, and the cultivated species cucumber is used in scion, and sowing the last week is proposed in scion, scion a slice true leaf, and grafting when the stock cotyledon launches, grafting method is to be abutted against;
Management after b, the grafting
Add a cover hut after the grafting and shelter from heat or light, control temperature of shed and humidity, requirement; Temperature: on 22 ℃～28 ℃ of daytimes, at 18 ℃～16 ℃ of nights, humidity keeps more than 95%; During this time and spray spraying of 700～800 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder or the spraying of homemade Chinese herbal medicine fluid, described Chinese herbal medicine fluid adopts following method to process: the dried silkworm excrement 10-15 of component, coptis 5-8, rheum officinale 2-3, kuh-seng 10-12, Swamp Mahogany Leaf 8-10, the Chinese scholartree root 8-10 of following weight portion are added 10-15 times of weight water after mixing, boil with vigorous fire; Boiled 30-40 minutes with slow fire then, the cool filtered through gauze of using of drying in the air, filtrating adds water again and is mixed with dilution for 100-150 times; Spraying is seen light after 4 days, the reduction temperature of leaking informaton for a short time after 6～7 days gradually; Wound healing gets into normal management after 10 days, in time falls disease worm seedling, small and weak seedling and variation seedling;
(2) transplant planting:
1. whole ground bedding is ploughed back button canopy to soil, utilizes disinfecting soil 6-7 days, uses chlorothalonil smoke then, per 667 square metres of 300g, and vexed canopy diel leaks informaton again, executes high-quality barnyard manure 7000-8000kg/667 ㎡ again, plans bedding then, the good seeding row spacing of cloth;
When
field planting is in good time arrived 9-11cm when the length of the seedling in the seedbed; Ambient-temp-stable is more than 12 ℃ the time; With the seedling replanting field planting in the above-mentioned plot of land of putting in order, plantation density: per 667 square metre of 3200 strain～4000 strains; Customization mode: north and south row;
(3) management after the field planting
The adjustment of
plant
Melon seedling after the field planting by conventional requirement, in time removes tendril after growth a period of time, and eunuchs are tied up climingly, pluck Routine Managements such as Lao Ye;
The management of
temperature, humidity
Melon seedling to after the field planting will water as required, the hydrofuge that in time leaks informaton after watering, and temperature adjustment, requirement, day temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and in 8～11 ℃ of evenings, humidity is controlled at 50-85%;
Combining before the field planting ploughs executes the high-quality barnyard manure, combines to water dressing fertilizer again to the knot melon phase, adopts chemical fertilizer and fertilizer to be used alternatingly, urea 10～15 kg/667 ㎡ at every turn, fertilizer 40-50 kg/667 ㎡; Melon is contained the phase, and is every at a distance from the urea of 4～5 days foliage-sprays 0.5% and 0.2% phosphoric acid dioxy potassium,
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest
A, physical control
(a) residual tree is lost leaf and weeds are cleaned out, concentrate and carry out nuisanceless processing, keep the rural area cleaning;
(b) in the greenhouse or the place of leaking informaton mouthful of booth; If fly net or extension silver gray film bar are kept away aphid, also available yellow plate trapping, method is to be cut into the rectangular of 100cm * 20cm with waste and old fibre or cardboard; Colored yellow paint; Be coated with last layer machine oil simultaneously, hang in the ranks or between strain, after sticking insect, be coated with last layer machine oil again;
D, nutritional prevention
(a) when plant strain growth to the middle and later periods, spray nutritious liquor on plant, 1% glucose or sucrose also can spray sugared nitrogen liquid, described spray sugar nitrogen liquid is that 1% sugar+0.5% urea is formed or sprayed by sugar, nitrogen, vinegar liquid that 1% sugar+1% vinegar+0.5% urea is made into;
(b) get into the knot melon phase and will increase and execute carbonic acid gas, with carbon-dioxide generator or contain 10% dilute sulfuric acid with Plastic Drum and add the carbon ammonium, 10% dilute sulfuric acid: the weight ratio of carbon ammonium is 2.5:1;
E, bionomic control
(a) regulate the Temperature and Humidity Control morbidity
Leaked informaton 1 hour morning when daily mean temperature was stabilized in 10 ℃～13 ℃, closes canopy then and heat up, and the morning, temperature was controlled at 25 ℃～32 ℃, leak informaton after before midday, and 20～25 ℃ of canopy room temperatures, humidity reduces to 50%～60%;
B, the treatment measure when downy mildew takes place:
(a) the vexed canopy of high temperature
When downy mildew takes place when, can adopt the vexed canopy of high temperature, water primary water the previous day in processing, 2 hours vexed canopy time, 45-46 ℃ of canopy temperature in time leaked informaton then, and be once vexed again at a distance from 4 days～5 days;
(b) chemical control
A) fumigation
Their early stage carries out sootiness with the per 667 square metres of 250g～300g of 45% chlorothalonil smoke, looks state of an illness weight smoked 3 times～4 times;
B) soot technique
With the anilazine pulvis of 5% tpn pulvis or 10% dirt that dusts, spray even in the airtight canopy;
C) spraying
800 times～1000 times liquid of Pu Like with 72.2% and 72% Du Pont gram reveal 800 times of liquid; The spraying by turns of the fertile three kinds of soups of Chinese herbal medicine medicine; According to the state of an illness general 3 times～4 times; The weight portion of the constitutive material that described Chinese herbal medicine medicine is fertile is: Platycarya strobilacea 8-10; Horse chestnut 8-10; Golden Larch Bark 8-10; Rhizoma nardostachyos 8-10; Tuber of stemona 8-10; Chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 8-10; Coptis 8-10; Withy 8-10; Chilli seed 8-10; Fortune paulownia flower 8-10; Paulownia sawdust 8-10; Yew 8-10; Anemone vitifolia 8-10; Wilson passionflower herb 8-10; Swamp Mahogany Leaf 8-10; Chinese scholartree root 8-10; Yew 8-10; Fructus Gleditsiae microcarpae 8-10; David poplar root-bark 8-10; Chinese wild pepper 8-10; Lindley Butterflybush Herb 8-10; Embelia subcoridcea (C. B. Cl.) Mez 8-10; Cassia twig 8-10; Windproof 8-10; Elscholtiza 8-10; Chrysanthemum 8-10; Schizonepeta 8-10; Purple perilla 8-10; Mulberry leaf 8-10; Field pennycress 8-10; Sargent gloryvine 8-10; Radix Isatidis 8-10; Herba Andrographitis 8-10; Cordate houttuynia 8-10
During preparation, by the extract mixing of each weight portion, perhaps by mixing after each weight portion coarse crushing; Water or 70-75% ethanol or extracted by ether secondary; Obtain extract medicinal extract, drying is ground preservation into powder, during use; With the alcoholic solution dissolving, convert 800-1200 times of water spray again or also can directly convert 800-1200 times of water spray earlier;
B, the treatment measure when powdery mildew takes place:
(a) fumigation
When powdery mildew takes place, can carry out sootiness with 45% chlorothalonil smoke, per 667 square metres of medication 250g～300g;
(b) spraying
The powdery mildew their early stage is with 1500 times of 15% triadimefon wetting powders or 800 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl or special fertile 100-200 times of water spray of Chinese herbal medicine medicine; Per 6 days～7 days once; Spray 3 times～4 times; The weight portion of the constituent that described Chinese herbal medicine medicine is fertile is: dried silkworm excrement 10-15, coptis 5-8, rheum officinale 2-3, kuh-seng 10-12, Swamp Mahogany Leaf 8-10, Chinese scholartree root 8-10 add 10-15 times of weight water after mixing, and boil with vigorous fire, boil 30-40 minutes with slow fire then; Filtered through gauze is used in the cold of drying in the air, and filtrating adds water again and is mixed with dilution for 100-200 times;
C, the treatment measure when gray mold takes place
(a) sootiness
When gray mold takes place, carry out sootiness with 45% chlorothalonil smoke, per 667 square metres of medication 250g～300g;
(b) dust
Per 667 square metres of 1kg dust with Sukeling powder Boston, and per 6 days～7 days once, connect to spray 3 times～4 times;
(c) spraying
Spray for 1000 times with 2000 times of liquid of 50% Sukeling wetting powder or 50% sharp mould health, whenever once, connect and spray 2 times～3 times, medication by turns at a distance from 7 days;
D, the treatment measure when the aphid disease takes place
With 1500 times of sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid watermelon blade face, 7 days once, connects to spray 2 times～3 times;
E, the treatment measure when the white powder pediculosis takes place
When insect density was low, 1500 times～2000 times liquid of available 25% buprofezin wetting powder sprayed;
(5) results
Accomplish timely harvesting, the cucumber quality should meet NY5074-2005 mark regulation, and packing, transportation, storage want clean, and health is pollution-free.
Claims (1)
1. the cultivation method of a nuisanceless cucumber is characterized in that: specifically comprise following content:
(1) mu is educated in seed selection: select disease-resistant worm, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, commodity is good, output is high cucumber improved seeds,
1. build the bed of growing seedlings, select physical features drying, ventilation, well-drained pollution-free plot to build the bed of growing seedlings,
The preparation of a, nutrition soil:
Seedling bed earth mixes in proportion with land for growing field crops soil and the high-quality fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and then by adding the plain 0.8-1.2kg that grows seedlings in every cubic metre of seedling bed earth again, land for growing field crops soil and high-quality are become thoroughly decomposed the mixed weight of fertilizer than being (60-70): (30-40);
B, seedling bed earth sterilization
Nutrition soil to preparing carries out disinfection, and concrete disinfectant measure is: in nutrition soil, admix the mixture of 25% metalaxyl and mancozeb, the mixed proportion of the two is 1:1-1.1, and the amount of admixing is 8-10 g/m
3, the medicine soil after mixing covers with plastic foil, uses after 4-5 days again;
2. seed treatment is removed flat grain, seed is put into 50-60 ℃ of hot water constantly be stirred to water temperature and reduce to about 30 ℃; Stop to stir, let seed continue to soak after 5-7 hour and pull out, be soaked in the thimerosal again and carry out disinfection; Different thimerosals are selected different disinfecting time; Described thimerosal is 500 times of liquid of carbendazim dilution or 300 times of liquid of formalin dilution, uses 500 times of liquid soak times of carbendazim dilution to be 5-6 minute, and 300 times of liquid of formalin dilution soaked 1-1.5 hour;
Sterile seed is got rid of moisture, wrapped under 25 ℃～30 ℃ conditions vernalization 22-25 hour,, again seed was deposited 1 day～2 days under 0 ℃～2 ℃ conditions, can sow when bud exposes 1mm～2mm with wet cloth;
A, grafting method
Stock is used black seed pumpkin, and the cultivated species cucumber is used in scion, and sowing the last week is proposed in scion, scion a slice true leaf, and grafting when the stock cotyledon launches, grafting method is to be abutted against;
Management after b, the grafting
Add a cover hut after the grafting and shelter from heat or light, control temperature of shed and humidity, requirement; Temperature: on 22 ℃～28 ℃ of daytimes, at 18 ℃～16 ℃ of nights, humidity keeps more than 95%; During this time and spray spraying of 700～800 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder or the spraying of homemade Chinese herbal medicine fluid, described Chinese herbal medicine fluid adopts following method to process: the dried silkworm excrement 10-15 of component, coptis 5-8, rheum officinale 2-3, kuh-seng 10-12, Swamp Mahogany Leaf 8-10, the Chinese scholartree root 8-10 of following weight portion are added 10-15 times of weight water after mixing, boil with vigorous fire; Boiled 30-40 minutes with slow fire then, the cool filtered through gauze of using of drying in the air, filtrating adds water again and is mixed with dilution for 100-150 times; Spraying is seen light after 4 days, the reduction temperature of leaking informaton for a short time after 6～7 days gradually; Wound healing gets into normal management after 10 days, in time falls disease worm seedling, small and weak seedling and variation seedling;
(2) transplant planting:
1. whole ground bedding is ploughed back button canopy to soil, utilizes disinfecting soil 6-7 days, uses chlorothalonil smoke then, per 667 square metres of 300g, and vexed canopy diel leaks informaton again, executes high-quality barnyard manure 7000-8000kg/667 ㎡ again, plans bedding then, the good seeding row spacing of cloth;
When
field planting is in good time arrived 9-11cm when the length of the seedling in the seedbed; Ambient-temp-stable is more than 12 ℃ the time; With the seedling replanting field planting in the above-mentioned plot of land of putting in order, plantation density: per 667 square metre of 3200 strain～4000 strains; Customization mode: north and south row;
(3) management after the field planting
The adjustment of
plant
Melon seedling after the field planting by conventional requirement, in time removes tendril after growth a period of time, and eunuchs are tied up climingly, pluck Routine Managements such as Lao Ye;
The management of
temperature, humidity
Melon seedling to after the field planting will water as required, the hydrofuge that in time leaks informaton after watering, and temperature adjustment, requirement, day temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and in 8～11 ℃ of evenings, humidity is controlled at 50-85%;
Combining before the field planting ploughs executes the high-quality barnyard manure, combines to water dressing fertilizer again to the knot melon phase, adopts chemical fertilizer and fertilizer (cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, particle chicken manure etc.) biological medicine fertilizer to be used alternatingly, urea 10～15 kg/667 ㎡ at every turn, fertilizer 40-50 kg/667 ㎡; Melon is contained the phase, and is every at a distance from the urea of 4～5 days foliage-sprays 0.5% and 0.2% phosphoric acid dioxy potassium,
The weight portion of the constitutive material of described biological medicine fertilizer is: Platycarya strobilacea 8-10; Horse chestnut 8-10; Golden Larch Bark 8-10; Rhizoma nardostachyos 8-10; Tuber of stemona 8-10; Chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 8-10; Coptis 8-10; Withy 8-10; Chilli seed 8-10; Fortune paulownia flower 8-10; Paulownia sawdust 8-10; Yew 8-10; Anemone vitifolia 8-10; Wilson passionflower herb 8-10; Swamp Mahogany Leaf 8-10; Chinese scholartree root 8-10; Yew 8-10; Fructus Gleditsiae microcarpae 8-10; David poplar root-bark 8-10; Chinese wild pepper 8-10; Lindley Butterflybush Herb 8-10; Embelia subcoridcea (C. B. Cl.) Mez 8-10; Cassia twig 8-10; Windproof 8-10; Elscholtiza 8-10; Chrysanthemum 8-10; Schizonepeta 8-10; Purple perilla 8-10; Mulberry leaf 8-10; Field pennycress 8-10; Sargent gloryvine 8-10; Radix Isatidis 8-10; Herba Andrographitis 8-10; Cordate houttuynia 8-10
During preparation, by the extract mixing of each weight portion, perhaps by mixing after each weight portion coarse crushing; Water or 70-75% ethanol or extracted by ether secondary; Obtain extract medicinal extract, drying is ground preservation into powder, during use; With the alcoholic solution dissolving, convert 800-1200 times of water spray again or also can directly convert 800-1200 times of water spray earlier;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest
A, physical control
(a) residual tree is lost leaf and weeds are cleaned out, concentrate and carry out nuisanceless processing, keep the rural area cleaning;
(b) in the greenhouse or the place of leaking informaton mouthful of booth; If fly net or extension silver gray film bar are kept away aphid, also available yellow plate trapping, method is to be cut into the rectangular of 100cm * 20cm with waste and old fibre or cardboard; Colored yellow paint; Be coated with last layer machine oil simultaneously, hang in the ranks or between strain, after sticking insect, be coated with last layer machine oil again;
Nutritional prevention
(a) when plant strain growth to the middle and later periods, spray nutritious liquor on plant, 1% glucose or sucrose also can spray sugared nitrogen liquid, described spray sugar nitrogen liquid is that 1% sugar+0.5% urea is formed or sprayed by sugar, nitrogen, vinegar liquid that 1% sugar+1% vinegar+0.5% urea is made into;
(b) get into the knot melon phase and will increase and execute carbonic acid gas, with carbon-dioxide generator or contain 10% dilute sulfuric acid with Plastic Drum and add the carbon ammonium, 10% dilute sulfuric acid: the weight ratio of carbon ammonium is 2.5:1;
Bionomic control
(a) regulate the Temperature and Humidity Control morbidity
Leaked informaton 1 hour morning when daily mean temperature was stabilized in 10 ℃～13 ℃, closes canopy then and heat up, and the morning, temperature was controlled at 25 ℃～32 ℃, leak informaton after before midday, and 20～25 ℃ of canopy room temperatures, humidity reduces to 50%～60%;
Treatment measure when downy mildew takes place:
(a) the vexed canopy of high temperature
When downy mildew takes place when, can adopt the vexed canopy of high temperature, water primary water the previous day in processing, 2 hours vexed canopy time, 45-46 ℃ of canopy temperature in time leaked informaton then, and be once vexed again at a distance from 4 days～5 days;
(b) chemical control
A) fumigation
Their early stage carries out sootiness with the per 667 square metres of 250g～300g of 45% chlorothalonil smoke, looks state of an illness weight smoked 3 times～4 times;
B) soot technique
With the anilazine pulvis of 5% tpn pulvis or 10% dirt that dusts, spray even in the airtight canopy;
C) spraying
800 times～1000 times liquid of Pu Like with 72.2% and 72% Du Pont gram reveals the spraying by turns of two kinds of soups of 800 times of liquid, according to the state of an illness general 3 times～4 times;
B, the treatment measure when powdery mildew takes place:
(a) fumigation
When powdery mildew takes place, can carry out sootiness with 45% chlorothalonil smoke, per 667 square metres of medication 250g～300g;
(b) spraying
The powdery mildew their early stage is with 1500 times of 15% triadimefon wetting powders or 800 times of liquid sprayings of 50% thiophanate methyl, and per 6 days～7 days once, sprays 3 times～4 times;
C, the treatment measure when gray mold takes place
(a) sootiness
When gray mold takes place, carry out sootiness with 45% chlorothalonil smoke, per 667 square metres of medication 250g～300g;
(b) dust
Per 667 square metres of 1kg dust with Sukeling powder Boston, and per 6 days～7 days once, connect to spray 3 times～4 times;
(c) spraying
Spray for 1000 times with 2000 times of liquid of 50% Sukeling wetting powder or 50% sharp mould health, whenever once, connect and spray 2 times～3 times, medication by turns at a distance from 7 days;
D, the treatment measure when the aphid disease takes place
With 1500 times of sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid watermelon blade face, 7 days once, connects to spray 2 times～3 times;
E, the treatment measure when the white powder pediculosis takes place
When insect density was low, 1500 times～2000 times liquid of available 25% buprofezin wetting powder sprayed;
(5) results
Accomplish timely harvesting, the cucumber quality should meet NY5074-2005 mark regulation, and packing, transportation, storage want clean, and health is pollution-free.
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