CN104719049A - Saxifraga-stolonifera-meerb greenhouse-planting pest control method - Google Patents
Saxifraga-stolonifera-meerb greenhouse-planting pest control method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/23—Solid substances, e.g. granules, powders, blocks, tablets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/20—Targets to be treated
Abstract
The invention discloses a saxifraga-stolonifera-meerb greenhouse-planting pest control method. The saxifraga-stolonifera-meerb greenhouse-planting pest control method includes the following steps: 1, carrying out matrix sterilizing; 2, sweeping a greenhouse before seedling growing; 3, selecting a disease-resistant variety; 4, using chlorothalonil or mancozeb-myclobutanil for mist spraying after planting is completed; 5, carrying out planting according to the planting spacing 15 cm*20 cm in each seedling disc, and carrying out ventilation in the greenhouse; 6, timely removing branches and leaves affected by diseases, thoroughly removing withered and rotted leaves, and cutting off disease and pest branches and disease and pest leaves; 7, after harvesting is carried out, timely removing stubbles, old leaves and weeds in the seedling discs. By means of the saxifraga-stolonifera-meerb greenhouse-planting pest control method, pest and disease damage during saxifraga-stolonifera-meerb planting can be effectively prevented, the attack rate can be reduced, the disease time can be set back, and the disease period can be shortened; when the pest and disease damage occurs, effective treatment and effective killing can be carried out; by means of the saxifraga-stolonifera-meerb greenhouse-planting pest control method, under the normal year condition, the yield of fresh semiannual saxifraga-stolonifera-meerb medicinal materials can be 1800 kg per mu, and the yield of dry semiannual saxifraga-stolonifera-meerb medicinal materials can be 180 kg per mu.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, belong to traditional Chinese medicine planting technology field.
Background technology
Kiss-me (Saxifraga stolonifera Meerb) is the perennial evergreen herbaceous plant of Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae) Saxifraga.With all herbal medicine.Cold in nature, mildly bitter flavor, pungent, mild toxicity.Return lung, spleen, large intestine channel.There is the function of dispelling wind, heat-clearing, cool blood, detumescence, removing toxic substances.Cure mainly cough due to wind-heat evil, lung carbuncle, spit blood, Ting discharging ear, rubella, erysipelas, hemorrhoid gall, traumatism and bleeding.Kiss-me medicinal history is long, begins to be loaded in " carrying out Cliff rock book on Chinese herbal medicine ", " controls haemorrhoids pyogenic infections, smokes with less solarization dry combustion method." thereafter all the book on Chinese herbal medicine such as " detailed outline " all give and recording.Now record in " Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine, ethnic drug quality standard " (version in 2003).Kiss-me is perennial evergreen herbaceous plant, high 14 ~ 45cm, and complete stool is close by short down, has elongated, mauve stolon, and stem end is raw plantlet often; The number of blade piece, base is raw, meat, the usual alternate of leaf, extensively avette or nearly kidney shape, and base portion is heart-shaped or cut shape, and leaf margin is shallow to be split, and has irregular crenation, two sides villosity, leaf table dirty-green, and the netted vein of the obvious wide canescence of tool, blade back aubergine or spottiness.Leaf long 3 ~ 10cm, wide 3 ~ 7cm; Scape, up to 25cm, uprightly or slightly tilts, and has branch.Flower both sexes, sparse, radiation symmetric, white, lines up cyme or raceme, panicle, rare Dan Sheng, sepal usual 5, below 2 lobes be greater than other 3 lobes, lanceolar, have 3 valvulas avette above; Alternisepalous or scarce, all positions or rare upper; Stamen 5 ~ 10, raw on petal, filigree is separated, and filigree is bar-shaped, is about 1 times than sepal, flower pesticide aubergine; Ovary 1 ~ 3 (4) room, spherical, be separated or symphysis with calyx shape holder; Style is separated usually; Ovule majority is given birth on axile placenta or is hung down and is born in the top of cell; Capsule oval, 2 peck.5 ~ August of florescence, really 7 ~ November of phase.
Kiss-me integrate view and admire, medicinal, kiss-me has multiple medicinal function, has more than 20, have great developing and utilizingpotentiality in Tibetan medicine, seedling medicine prescribed preparation.Along with kiss-me develops the propelling of paces, a large amount of minimizings of kiss-me wild resource will certainly be caused even exhausted.Therefore, the wild change man of kiss-me plants and becomes trend of the times.But the control of damage by disease and insect plants the technical barrier of kiss-me as family, it is the critical problem that relation man plants that can kiss-me reach high yield, high-quality.With generally traditional Chinese medicine cultivation situation is the same, in kiss-me cultivation, be subject to infecting or the impact of unsuitable environmental condition of pest, eubolism is interfered, a series of change and destruction can be there is on from physiological function to institutional framework, so that present unusual pathology phenomenon in external form, its symptom is as withered, rotten, spot, mould powder, floral leaf, wilting, deformity etc.The harm of the animals such as harmful insect can be suffered in kiss-me cultivation simultaneously.Wherein often occur with insect infestations.
In order to solve prior art problem, normally find a kind of method of effective control kiss-me damage by disease and insect, but at present owing to lacking the comprehensive techniques of pest control, easily suffer damage by disease and insect during kiss-me is planted, thus cause a large amount of underproduction, crushing total crop failure, quality instability or part index number not to meet traditional Chinese medicine quality criteria requirements etc.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide the pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, can the damage by disease and insect in kiss-me plantation effectively be prevented and treated, avoid kiss-me to occur the underproduction or crushing total crop failure.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, the generation by the pre-preventing disease and pest of following measures:
(1) matrix sterilization: every year once sterilizing process is carried out to reusable matrix;
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy;
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling;
(4), after transplant planting completes, spray once with 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid or 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles wetting powder, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid;
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy; Water in right amount, make the relative water-holding capacity of matrix be 60% ~ 80%; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, and monthly 1 time, per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once;
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys;
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
In the measure (1) of aforementioned pest control method, matrix sterilization adopts physical disinfection or chemical agent sterilization, and physical disinfection is: matrix spread with the thickness of 8 ~ 10cm, stirs 3 ~ 4 every day, is exposed to the sun in the sun 10 ~ 15 days; Chemical agent sterilization is: every cubic metre of matrix 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, after matrix and 50% powder of carbendazim stirring and evenly mixing, with covered rearing with plastic film 2 ~ 3 days, throws off film and to volatilize flavour of a drug.
In aforementioned pest control method, described matrix is the dregs of a decoction, peat soil, perlite 2 ~ 4: 2 ~ 3: 1 ~ 2 mixing by volume of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and adding water makes relative water-holding capacity be 60% ~ 80%, and pH value is 6.8 ~ 7.0, the content of organic matter is 15% ~ 20%, and unit weight is 0.300 ~ 0.500g/cm
3, fully stir evenly and get final product.This matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years.
In aforementioned pest control method, when powdery mildew occurs, with 15% triadimefon, 800 times of liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl 800 times of liquid, every spray in 7 ~ 10 days once, or be 1000 times of liquid of white wine of 35% by alcohol content, once, continuous spraying 3 to 6 times, rinses blade to without white powder in spray in every 3 ~ 6 days; Or spray with 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid, spraying in 7 days 1 time, each production season uses 2 times; Or spray with 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles wetting powder, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid, interval spray in 7 ~ 10 days once, uses 2 ~ 3 times continuously; Or described triadimefon, thiophanate methyl, white wine, tpn, MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles are used alternatingly.
In aforementioned pest control method, when gray mold occurs, ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, spray 30% energetically aqueous suspension agent 900 times of liquid, 50% to go out mould clever wetting powder 800 times of liquid, 40% Shi Jiale suspending agent, 1200 times of liquid or 28% grey Natamycin wetting powder, 800 times of liquid; Or by aqueous suspension agent, the mould clever wetting powder that goes out, Shi Jiale suspending agent, grey Natamycin wetting powder are used alternatingly energetically.
In aforementioned pest control method, when aphid occurs, spray with 25% mieyaling missible oil, 500 times of liquid or 10% Uranus missible oil, 5000 times of liquid.
In aforementioned pest control method, when cabbage caterpillar occurs, adopt physical control and/or chemical control, wherein physical control: artificial searching larva is is also catched and killed; Chemical control: when cabbage caterpillar amount reaches 0.5/m
2time above, insecticide spraying, with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid or 90% chlorophos crystal, 1000 times of liquid, sprays 2 ~ 3 times; Or spray with 4.5% high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid, or phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, chlorophos crystal, high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin are used alternatingly.
Composite fertilizer of the present invention, foliage fertilizer are all commercially available prod, and composite fertilizer selects potassium sulfate compound fertilizer usually; Foliage fertilizer selects potassium dihydrogen phosphate usually.
In kiss-me planting process, the control of its damage by disease and insect for principle, by a series of comprehensive preventive health measures, will create an environment being conducive to kiss-me and growing, by Pest management within the range of permission with " put prevention first, integrated control ".In force, will centered by the kiss-me medicinal material product that production high-quality meets GAP requirement, take main diseases and insect pests as controlling object, based on cultural control, strengthening simultaneously uses the prevention technique measure such as physical control, biological control and chemical control to carry out the comprehensive regulation, create one to be conducive to kiss-me and to grow, the environmental condition of be unfavorable for that various pest multiplies, breeding, the damage control that damage by disease and insect may be caused is in minimum level or harmless state.When necessary applying pesticides, want strict with GB4285-1989 " major experiment standard ", the relevant regulations such as GB/T8321.1-8321.7 " agricultural chemicals reasonable application " and " People's Republic of China's agricultural chemicals management rules ", optimize chemical prevention and control method, stop to use severe toxicity, high poison, high residue and have carcinogenic, teratogenesis, mutagenic pesticide species, select efficient, low toxicity, the pesticide species of low-residual, to greatest extent product Pesticide Residues and content of beary metal are controlled in the scope of national standard, to reduce persticide residue and heavy metal pollution, preserve the ecological environment.Prohibit the use national banned pesticides, simultaneously carefully select medicament kind, strictly grasp dosage and insecticide spraying time, reduce impact as far as possible, to promote planting base benign ecological cycles, reach the object of pest controlling volume increase.
The generation of common powdery mildew in kiss-me planting process, gray mold and cabbage caterpillar, the present invention studies these three kinds of common disease and pests, optimizes efficient prevention and controls.
1, powdery mildew
1.1, powdery mildew and harm thereof
Observed by kiss-me booth standardized planting and find that kiss-me disease is the most outstanding with powdery mildew.Powdery mildew cause of disease: pathogen is monofilament shell bacterium (Sphaertthear pannese).Symptom: site of pathological change, in leaf portion, occurs not obvious early stage, and the little amyloid plaque of white appears in susceptible position soon, and expand as garden shape or irregular white powder spot gradually, time serious, white powder spot joins together, and white powder thing appears in whole blade face.Wither gradually with rear blade.When disease occurs serious, kiss-me acrial part can mortality.Occurrence regularity: pathogen survives the winter in blade with mycelium, next year, pathogen came into play with the sprouting of bud.Infect young tender position, produce new germ spore, propagate by modes such as wind-force.Field relative moisture is large, and temperature is at 16 ~ 24 DEG C, and this disease is easily popular.Density is excessive, and illumination is not enough, and nitrogenous fertilizer is too much, excessive growth seedling susceptible disease.
1.2, the preventive measure of powdery mildew
(1) matrix sterilization: every year once sterilizing process is carried out to reusable matrix.Matrix sterilization adopts physical disinfection or chemical agent sterilization, and physical disinfection is: matrix spread with the thickness of 8 ~ 10cm, stirs 3 ~ 4 every day, is exposed to the sun in the sun 10 ~ 15 days, can kill a large amount of germ spore, mycelia, worm's ovum, adult and nematode; Chemical agent sterilization is: every cubic metre of matrix 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, after matrix and 50% powder of carbendazim stirring and evenly mixing, with covered rearing with plastic film 2 ~ 3 days, throws off film and to volatilize flavour of a drug.In general having during continuous sunny and adopt physical disinfection, adopting chemical disinfection when there is no fine day.Described matrix is according to volume ratio, get Yao Zha ︰ Ni Tan Tu ︰ perlite=2 ~ 4 of becoming thoroughly decomposed: 2 ~ 3: 1 ~ 2 mixing, add water and make relative water-holding capacity be 60% ~ 80%, pH value is 6.8 ~ 7.0, the content of organic matter is 15% ~ 20%, and unit weight is 0.300 ~ 0.500g/cm
3, after stirring and get final product.This matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when reusing after 1 year, every sterilization in a year once.
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy.
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling, during seedling plant division, strictly reject strain of catching an illness, reject weak strain simultaneously, stop cause of disease, be strictly on guard against that plant imports new growing area in spite of illness.
(4), after transplant planting completes, with 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid or with 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles), wetting powder 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid even spraying once.
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant.
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys.
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
1.3, the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of powdery mildew
Chemical control: thiophanate methyl 800 times of liquid of fall ill rear 15% triadimefon, 800 times of liquid or 70%, every spray in 7 ~ 10 days once; Or be 1000 times of liquid of white wine of 35% by alcohol content, once, continuous spraying 3 to 6 times, rinses blade to without white powder in spray in every 3 ~ 6 days; Or by 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid even spraying, spraying in 7 days 1 time, each production season can use 2 times; Or by 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles) wetting powder 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid even spraying, interval spray in 7 ~ 10 days once, uses 2 ~ 3 times continuously; Or described triadimefon, thiophanate methyl, white wine, tpn, MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles are used alternatingly.
Test the administering method of powdery mildew: No. 1 booth 12 row steelframe started to put kiss-me transplanting stock dish on April 28th, 2014, in July, 2014 investigation finds caused harm by powdery mildew in canopy.Be a processed group (often row 930 coils) with a line steelframe, 15% triadimefon, 800 times of liquid, white wine (alcohol content 35%) 1000 times of liquid, 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid and 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles) wetting powder 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid four kinds of methods are adopted to prevent and treat 4 row steelframes respectively.Controlling powdery mildew effect is in table 1.
Table 1 distinct methods is to kiss-me controlling powdery mildew effect
Note: 1. method 1:15% triadimefon 800 times of liquid; Method 2: white wine (alcohol content 35%) 1000 times of liquid; Method 3:75% tpn wetting powder 800 times of liquid; Method 4:62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles) wetting powder 1500 times of liquid.2. spraying control is started on July 4th, 2014.
As known from Table 1, four kinds of methods all have control efficiency in various degree to kiss-me powdery mildew.Method 1 ~ method 4 after control one week, the incidence of disease decreases 50.22%, 39.14%, 57.96% and 58.60% before comparatively preventing and treating respectively.Spray from first time and start, after 7 days continuation with same procedure spraying for the second time, method 1 ~ method 4 after control two weeks, the incidence of disease decreases 73.12%, 57.53%, 78.06% and 80.22% before comparatively preventing and treating respectively.Prevent and treat after one month, method 4 is thoroughly cured, and method 1 and 3 all makes the incidence of disease drop to less than 4%, and method 2 makes the incidence of disease drop to 10.54%, can regard as effective control.Therefore, the most pronounced effects of 4 in method, the effect of method 3 is better, and method 1 and method 2 also can play effectively preventing effect.On this basis, on August 5th, 2014 and on August 12nd, 2014 are to 8 row steelframe seedling dish (about 1085m of No. 1 booth
2) and No. 2 booth (about 550m
2) respectively employing method 3, method 4 prevent and treat powdery mildew, all reach expection result for the treatment of.Prevent and treat the blade of the kiss-me bacteria infection in mid-term by being originally covered with white powder gradually browning look or yellow, finally drying up comes off, and the new blade sent out is turned green emerald green.The kiss-me in control later stage almost loses blade in spite of illness, and without brown or yellow blade, the new tender leaf sent out all keeps good growth potential, again forms healthy plant.
In above experimental basis, in 3, No. 4 booths that field planting on August 25 in 2014 is good, the comparative test of prevention powdery mildew has been made of MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles, in 5, No. 6 canopies that field planting on October 28 in 2014 is good, made the comparative test of prevention powdery mildew of 75% tpn wetting powder, result is as shown in table 2, table 3.
Table 2 MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles is to the preventive effect of powdery mildew
Note: prevention to be treated to after field planting well in time with 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles) wetting powder 1500 times of liquid even spraying once, do not prevent to be treated to field planting good after do not make any pesticide spray and prevent and treat.
Table 3 tpn is to the preventive effect of powdery mildew
Note: prevention to be treated to after field planting well in time with 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 times of liquid even spraying once, do not prevent to be treated to field planting good after do not make any pesticide spray and prevent and treat.
From table 2,3, after field planting completes, with 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles) wetting powder 1500 times of liquid, 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 times of liquid even spraying once after, begin to see that disease time extends 19 days and 26 days respectively, the incidence of disease is respectively lower than 46.1% and 39.3%, visible, and MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles and tpn have remarkable result to prevention kiss-me powdery mildew.
When there is powdery mildew under cropping pattern of the present invention, if when evil seriously need increase improvement number of times, above-mentioned several method of effectively preventing and treating powdery mildew should be used alternatingly to avoid Long-Time Service one method to cause pesticide resistance.
2, gray mold
2.1, gray mold and harm thereof
The cause of disease of gray mold: Botrytis cinerea, belongs to Fungi Imperfecti fungi (Botrytis cinereaPersoon ex Fr.).The symptom of gray mold: kiss-me gray mold mainly causes harm blade.Tikka often occurs along leaf margin, and semicircle or circular to irregular shape, water stain shape, dirty-green is to brown.During high humidity, sick portion expands rapidly, and time serious, whole leaves blacken brown is rotted, and sick portion bears the mould layer of grey.In the withered spot of wheel line shape brown during dry weather, mould layer is also not obvious.Occurrence regularity: survive at invalid tissue with mycelium or survive the winter in soil with sclerotium.Temperature 18 ~ 23 DEG C, continuous rainfall wet weather, is conducive to illumination and sprouting, easily catches an illness.Low Temperature in Spring or cold current are attacked, plant strain growth is weak or between strain clump, strongly fragrant covering is fallen ill heavily.
2.2, the preventive measure of gray mold
(1) matrix sterilization: every year once sterilizing process is carried out to reusable matrix.Matrix sterilization adopts physical disinfection or chemical agent sterilization, and physical disinfection is: matrix spread with the thickness of 8 ~ 10cm, stirs 3 ~ 4 every day, is exposed to the sun in the sun 10 ~ 15 days, can kill a large amount of germ spore, mycelia, worm's ovum, adult and nematode; Chemical agent sterilization is: every cubic metre of matrix 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, after matrix and 50% powder of carbendazim stirring and evenly mixing, with covered rearing with plastic film 2 ~ 3 days, throws off film and to volatilize flavour of a drug.In general having during continuous sunny and adopt physical disinfection, adopting chemical disinfection when there is no fine day.Described matrix is according to volume ratio, get Yao Zha ︰ Ni Tan Tu ︰ perlite=2 ~ 4 of becoming thoroughly decomposed: 2 ~ 3: 1 ~ 2 mixing, add water and make relative water-holding capacity be 60% ~ 80%, pH value is 6.8 ~ 7.0, the content of organic matter is 15% ~ 20%, and unit weight is 0.300 ~ 0.500g/cm
3, after stirring and get final product.This matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when reusing after 1 year, every sterilization in a year once.
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy.
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling, during seedling plant division, strictly reject strain of catching an illness, reject weak strain simultaneously, stop cause of disease, be strictly on guard against that plant imports new growing area in spite of illness.
(4) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant.
(5) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys.
(6), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
2.3, the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of gray mold
Ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, spray 30% energetically aqueous suspension agent 900 times of liquid, 50% to go out mould clever wetting powder 800 times of liquid, 40% Shi Jiale suspending agent, 1200 times of liquid or 28% grey Natamycin wetting powder, 800 times of liquid; Or by aqueous suspension agent, the mould clever wetting powder that goes out, Shi Jiale suspending agent, grey Natamycin wetting powder are used alternatingly energetically.
The administering method of gray mold is tested: on July 15th, 2014, whole field planting completed No. 2 booths, observe on November 25th, 2014 and find that there is gray mold generation, in planted 4920 seedling dishes, 17 dishes are had to infect gray mold, disease concentrates on a unit steelframe and infects in flakes, on inspection, other places all do not find that this disease occurs.For exploring the effect of different administering method to gray mold, be all shifted out by the seedling dish infecting gray mold, 3 dishes are one group, 4 groups altogether.Take diverse ways to administer, result is as table 4.
Table 4 distinct methods is to kiss-me gray mold control efficiency
1. method 1: sprinkling 30% aqueous suspension agent 900 times of liquid energetically; Method 2:50% goes out mould clever wetting powder 800 times of liquid; Method 3:40% Shi Jiale suspending agent 1200 times of liquid; Method 4:28% ash Natamycin wetting powder 800 times of liquid.2. spraying control is started on November 25th, 2014.3. total strain number and have diseased plant number to be that in seedling dish, large plantlet is all added up.
As seen from Table 4, four kinds of methods all can effectively prevent and treat kiss-me gray mold within one month, prevented and treated latter 4 days, several method control efficiency difference little, after preventing and treating one week, the incidence of disease of method 2,4 decreases more than 25%, and the incidence of disease of method 1,3 decreases more than 20%.Continue spraying through second time, after preventing and treating two weeks, the incidence of disease of method 2,4 decreases 46.99% and 48.69% respectively, and the incidence of disease of method 1,3 decreases 34.88% and 39.76% respectively.Therefore, method 2,4 can control the state of an illness quickly, and method 1,3 control efficiency is slightly slow, but after preventing and treating one month, all effectively can control gray mold.In production practices, can optionally several method be used alternatingly and can better control kiss-me gray mold.
At present, the kiss-me gray mold found under cropping pattern of the present invention, its beginning sees that infection time is long, and infection area is little, number of times is few.Therefore, as far as possible before not infecting, every preventive measure should be carried out and can avoid its large-area generation.
3, cabbage caterpillar
3.1, cabbage caterpillar and harm thereof
Cabbage caterpillar belongs to Lepidoptera, Sulfur butterfly (formal name used at school: PierisrapaeLinne, Pierisrapae crucivora).Symptom: larva stings food kiss-me blade, and nibble blade hole or incise, time serious, blade is all eaten up, and only residual thick vein and petiole, cause total crop failure.When cabbage caterpillar takes food, take food while defecate is polluted.Larvae underwent 5 instars, manyly before 3 ages causes harm at blade back, goes to blade face and nibble after 3 ages, and the food ingestion of 4 ~ 5 instar larvaes accounts for 97% of whole larval phase food ingestion.Occurrence regularity: 5 ~ June is the cabbage caterpillar harm Sheng phase.7 ~ August, population number significantly reduced, and went up to population number in September, formed peak of causing harm for the second time.Adult is movable for daytime, contains most with fine day activity at noon.
3.2, the preventive measure of cabbage caterpillar
(1) matrix sterilization: every year once sterilizing process is carried out to reusable matrix.Matrix sterilization adopts physical disinfection or chemical agent sterilization, and physical disinfection is: matrix spread with the thickness of 8 ~ 10cm, stirs 3 ~ 4 every day, is exposed to the sun in the sun 10 ~ 15 days, can kill a large amount of germ spore, mycelia, worm's ovum, adult and nematode; Chemical agent sterilization is: every cubic metre of matrix 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, after matrix and 50% powder of carbendazim stirring and evenly mixing, with covered rearing with plastic film 2 ~ 3 days, throws off film and to volatilize flavour of a drug.In general having during continuous sunny and adopt physical disinfection, adopting chemical disinfection when there is no fine day.Described matrix is according to volume ratio, get Yao Zha ︰ Ni Tan Tu ︰ perlite=2 ~ 4 of becoming thoroughly decomposed: 2 ~ 3: 1 ~ 2 mixing, add water and make relative water-holding capacity be 60% ~ 80%, pH value is 6.8 ~ 7.0, the content of organic matter is 15% ~ 20%, and unit weight is 0.300 ~ 0.500g/cm
3, after stirring and get final product.This matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when reusing after 1 year, every sterilization in a year once.
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy.
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling, during seedling plant division, strictly reject strain of catching an illness, reject weak strain simultaneously, stop cause of disease, be strictly on guard against that plant imports new growing area in spite of illness.
(4) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, and monthly 1 time, per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant.
(5) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys.
(6) after kiss-me results, remove seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds in time, reduce cabbage caterpillar breeding place and eliminate part pupa.
3.3, the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of cabbage caterpillar
Physical control and/or chemical prevention and control method can be adopted.
Physical control: artificial searching larva is is also catched and killed.Generally, when finding that Miao Panshang has hole or carves afoliate sheet, sometimes also see the ight soil that blade has insect to discharge, conscientiously can search out the cabbage caterpillar larva of kiss-me of causing harm on this seedling dish plant, now catch and kill its larva as far as possible and can reduce insect population number.
Chemical control: after transplant planting, checks insect pest situation at any time, and field investigation reaches 0.5/m
2time above, insecticide spraying early.With 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid or 90% chlorophos crystal, 1000 times of liquid, spray 2 ~ 3 times; Or with 4.5% high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid, even spraying; Or phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, chlorophos crystal, high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin are used alternatingly.Many employings physical control method time cabbage caterpillar amount is few, amount (reaches 0.5/m greatly
2appropriate to the occasion employing chemical prevention and control method above).
The prevention and controls of cabbage caterpillar is tested: No. 1 booth 12 row steelframe started to put kiss-me transplanting stock dish on April 28th, 2014, causing harm of cabbage caterpillar generally appears in the seedling dish after investigation on May 16th, 2014 finds transplant survival.Average population number is up to 0.57/m
2~ 0.66/m
2.Subsequently using the handling object group of 4 steelframe units as a kind of prevention and controls, amount to corresponding 3 the pending plantation steelframe groups of 3 kinds of prevention and controls.Often group is treated to insect number is 16.Adopt 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid, 90% chlorophos crystal, 1000 times of liquid or 4.5% high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid respectively, even spraying.Result is as shown in table 5.
Table 5 distinct methods is to kiss-me cabbage caterpillar control efficiency
Note: 1. method 1:50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times of liquid; Method 2:90% chlorophos crystal 1000 times of liquid; Method 3:4.5% high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid.2. planting steelframe 1 unit is 30 dish seedling dishes, often coils 0.1458m
2, spraying on May 17 after investigation on May 16th, 2014.
As seen from Table 5, three kinds of methods can play effectively preventing effect to cabbage caterpillar.Under equal conditions, method 3 comparatively method 1,2 has following advantage, namely hinders that worm power is strong, the control time is short and control number of times is few.Latter 1st day of control, the Revision insect recluced rate of using method 3 is 81.25%, and the Revision insect recluced rate of using method 1 and method 2 is respectively 62.5% and 68.75%; Latter 7th day of control, the Revision insect recluced rate of using method 3 is 100%, and the Revision insect recluced rate of using method 1 and method 2 is respectively 87.5% and 93.75%; Method 3 only needs spraying within one week, just can kill cabbage caterpillar 1 time, and method 1 and method 2 need to carry out second time spraying.On the basis of above data conclusion, we on June 20th, 2014 employing method 3 to No. 2 canopy (about 550m
2) cabbage caterpillar prevent and treat.On October 27th, 2014 finds causing harm of cabbage caterpillar at No. 1, No. 2 booths again, and employing method 3 is prevented and treated, and all can attain the results expected.Although the old blade of the kiss-me caused harm by cabbage caterpillar is seen once in a while hole, carve lack, because of with beta-cypermethrin control after, effectively control insect pest, tender leaf is no longer endangered and is made plant healthy growth again.Therefore adopt 4.5% high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid, even spraying, the method be at present in greenhouse gardening kiss-me to the best approach of cabbage caterpillar control.When cabbage caterpillar occurs seriously to increase access times, for avoiding drug-fast generation, should be used alternatingly with other two kinds of methods.
Usefulness of the present invention is: the pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening of the present invention, and in can effectively preventing kiss-me to plant, the generation of damage by disease and insect, reduces the incidence of disease, postpones disease time, shortens disease cycle; When damage by disease and insect occurs, can effectively administer it and kill, thus ensure quality and the stay in grade of kiss-me; Adopt this pest control method, in normal time situation, semi-annual kiss-me root yield can reach 1800kg/ mu (fresh), 180kg/ mu (doing), realizes the high yield of kiss-me, and ensures that kiss-me medicinal material indices all meets the content requirement of traditional Chinese medicine GAP.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further introduced.
In following examples 1 ~ 5, described matrix is according to volume ratio, gets Yao Zha ︰ Ni Tan Tu ︰ perlite=2 ~ 4 of becoming thoroughly decomposed: 2 ~ 3: 1 ~ 2 mixing, adding water makes relative water-holding capacity be 60% ~ 80%, pH value is 6.8 ~ 7.0, and the content of organic matter is 15% ~ 20%, and unit weight is 0.300 ~ 0.500g/cm
3, after stirring and get final product.
Embodiment 1
The pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, the generation by the pre-preventing disease and pest of following measures:
(1) matrix sterilization: matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when within 1 year, reusing afterwards and needs to carry out disinfection; Every year a physical disinfection process is carried out to reusable matrix, matrix is spread with the thickness of 8 ~ 10cm, stirs 3 ~ 4 every day, be exposed to the sun in the sun 10 ~ 15 days;
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy;
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling;
(4), after transplant planting completes, with 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles), wetting powder 1500 times of liquid even spraying once;
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant;
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys;
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
When powdery mildew occurs, with 15% triadimefon, 800 times of liquid, every spray in 7 ~ 10 days once.
When gray mold occurs, ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, sprinkling 30% aqueous suspension agent 900 times of liquid energetically.
When cabbage caterpillar occurs, adopt physical control, namely manually find larva and catch and kill.
Embodiment 2
The pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, the generation by the pre-preventing disease and pest of following measures:
(1) matrix sterilization: matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when within 1 year, reusing afterwards and needs to carry out disinfection; Every year once sterilizing process is carried out to reusable matrix, matrix sterilization adopts chemical agent sterilization, and every cubic metre of matrix 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, after matrix and 50% powder of carbendazim stirring and evenly mixing, with covered rearing with plastic film 2 ~ 3 days, throw off film volatilization flavour of a drug;
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy;
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling;
(4) after transplant planting completes, with 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 times of liquid even spraying once;
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant;
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys;
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
When powdery mildew occurs, the 800 times of liquid of the thiophanate methyl with 70%, every spray in 7 ~ 10 days once.
When gray mold occurs, ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, spray 50% and to go out mould clever wetting powder 800 times of liquid.
When cabbage caterpillar occurs, adopt chemical control, when cabbage caterpillar amount reaches 0.5/m
2time above, insecticide spraying, with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid sprayings 2 ~ 3 times.
Embodiment 3
The pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, the generation by the pre-preventing disease and pest of following measures:
(1) matrix sterilization: matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when within 1 year, reusing afterwards and needs to carry out disinfection; Every year a physical disinfection process is carried out to reusable matrix, matrix is spread with the thickness of 8 ~ 10cm, stirs 3 ~ 4 every day, be exposed to the sun in the sun 10 ~ 15 days;
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy;
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling;
(4), after transplant planting completes, with 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles), wetting powder 2000 times of liquid even spraying once;
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant;
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys;
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
When powdery mildew occurs, be 1000 times of liquid of the white wine of 35% by alcohol content, once, continuous spraying 3 to 6 times, rinses blade to without white powder in spray in every 3 ~ 6 days.
When gray mold occurs, ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, spray 40% Shi Jiale suspending agent, 1200 times of liquid.
When cabbage caterpillar occurs, adopt physical control and chemical control, wherein physical control: artificial searching larva is is also catched and killed; Chemical control: when cabbage caterpillar amount reaches 0.5/m
2time above, insecticide spraying, adopts 90% chlorophos crystal, 1000 times of liquid, sprays 2 ~ 3 times.
Embodiment 4
The pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, the generation by the pre-preventing disease and pest of following measures:
(1) matrix sterilization: matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when within 1 year, reusing afterwards and needs to carry out disinfection; Every year once sterilizing process is carried out to reusable matrix, matrix sterilization adopts chemical agent sterilization, and every cubic metre of matrix 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, after matrix and 50% powder of carbendazim stirring and evenly mixing, with covered rearing with plastic film 2 ~ 3 days, throw off film volatilization flavour of a drug;
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy;
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling;
(4) after transplant planting completes, with 75% tpn wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid even spraying once;
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant;
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys;
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
When powdery mildew occurs, by 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 times of liquid even spraying, spraying in 7 days 1 time, each production season uses 2 times.
When gray mold occurs, ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, spray 28% grey Natamycin wetting powder, 800 times of liquid.
When cabbage caterpillar occurs, adopt physical control and chemical control, wherein physical control: artificial searching larva is is also catched and killed; Chemical control: when cabbage caterpillar amount reaches 0.5/m
2time above, insecticide spraying, adopts 4.5% high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin, 1500 times of liquid, even spraying.
Embodiment 5
The pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, the generation by the pre-preventing disease and pest of following measures:
(1) matrix sterilization: matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when within 1 year, reusing afterwards and needs to carry out disinfection; Every year a physical disinfection process is carried out to reusable matrix, matrix is spread with the thickness of 8 ~ 10cm, stirs 3 ~ 4 every day, be exposed to the sun in the sun 10 ~ 15 days;
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy;
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling;
(4), after transplant planting completes, with 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles), wetting powder 1800 times of liquid even spraying once;
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant;
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys;
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
When powdery mildew occurs, by 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles) wetting powder 1500 times of liquid even spraying, interval spray in 7 ~ 10 days once, uses 2 ~ 3 times continuously.
When gray mold occurs, ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, sprinkling 30% aqueous suspension agent 900 times of liquid energetically.
When cabbage caterpillar occurs, adopt chemical control, when cabbage caterpillar amount reaches 0.5/m
2time above, insecticide spraying, adopts 90% chlorophos crystal, 1000 times of liquid, sprays 2 ~ 3 times.
Embodiment 6
The pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, the generation by the pre-preventing disease and pest of following measures:
(1) matrix sterilization: matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when within 1 year, reusing afterwards and needs to carry out disinfection; Every year once sterilizing process is carried out to reusable matrix, matrix sterilization adopts chemical agent sterilization, and every cubic metre of matrix 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, after matrix and 50% powder of carbendazim stirring and evenly mixing, with covered rearing with plastic film 2 ~ 3 days, throw off film volatilization flavour of a drug;
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy;
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling;
(4) after transplant planting completes, with 75% tpn wetting powder, 950 times of liquid;
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant;
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys;
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
When powdery mildew occurs, by 75% tpn wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid even spraying, spraying in 7 days 1 time, each production season uses 2 times.
When gray mold occurs, ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, spray 50% and to go out mould clever wetting powder 800 times of liquid.
When cabbage caterpillar occurs, adopt chemical control, when cabbage caterpillar amount reaches 0.5/m
2time above, insecticide spraying, adopts 4.5% high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin, 2000 times of liquid, even spraying.
Embodiment 7
The pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, the generation by the pre-preventing disease and pest of following measures:
(1) matrix sterilization: matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when within 1 year, reusing afterwards and needs to carry out disinfection; Every year a physical disinfection process is carried out to reusable matrix, matrix is spread with the thickness of 8 ~ 10cm, stirs 3 ~ 4 every day, be exposed to the sun in the sun 10 ~ 15 days;
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy;
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling;
(4), after transplant planting completes, with 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles), wetting powder 1900 times of liquid even spraying once;
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant;
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys;
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
When powdery mildew occurs, by 75% tpn wetting powder, 900 times of liquid even spraying, spraying in 7 days 1 time, each production season uses 2 times.
When gray mold occurs, ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, spray 40% Shi Jiale suspending agent, 1200 times of liquid.
When cabbage caterpillar occurs, adopt physical control and chemical control, wherein physical control: artificial searching larva is is also catched and killed; Chemical control: when cabbage caterpillar amount reaches 0.5/m
2time above, insecticide spraying, adopts 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid, sprays 2 ~ 3 times.
Embodiment 8
The pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, the generation by the pre-preventing disease and pest of following measures:
(1) matrix sterilization: matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when within 1 year, reusing afterwards and needs to carry out disinfection; Every year once sterilizing process is carried out to reusable matrix, matrix sterilization adopts chemical agent sterilization, and every cubic metre of matrix 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, after matrix and 50% powder of carbendazim stirring and evenly mixing, with covered rearing with plastic film 2 ~ 3 days, throw off film volatilization flavour of a drug;
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy;
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling;
(4) after transplant planting completes, with 75% tpn wetting powder, 850 times of liquid even spraying once;
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant;
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys;
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
When powdery mildew occurs, by 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles) wetting powder 2000 times of liquid even spraying, interval spray in 7 ~ 10 days once, uses 2 ~ 3 times continuously.
When gray mold occurs, ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, spray 28% grey Natamycin wetting powder, 800 times of liquid.
When cabbage caterpillar occurs, adopt chemical control, when cabbage caterpillar amount reaches 0.5/m
2time above, insecticide spraying, adopts 4.5% high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin, 1800 times of liquid, even spraying.
Embodiment 9
The pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, the generation by the pre-preventing disease and pest of following measures:
(1) matrix sterilization: matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when within 1 year, reusing afterwards and needs to carry out disinfection; Every year a physical disinfection process is carried out to reusable matrix, matrix is spread with the thickness of 8 ~ 10cm, stirs 3 ~ 4 every day, be exposed to the sun in the sun 10 ~ 15 days;
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy;
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling;
(4), after transplant planting completes, with 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles), wetting powder 1750 times of liquid even spraying once;
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant;
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys;
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
When powdery mildew occurs, by 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles) wetting powder 1800 times of liquid even spraying, interval spray in 7 ~ 10 days once, uses 2 ~ 3 times continuously.
When gray mold occurs, ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, sprinkling 30% aqueous suspension agent 900 times of liquid energetically.
When cabbage caterpillar occurs, adopt physical control and chemical control, wherein physical control: artificial searching larva is is also catched and killed; Chemical control: when cabbage caterpillar amount reaches 0.5/m
2time above, insecticide spraying, adopts 4.5% high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin, 1700 times of liquid, even spraying.
Embodiment 10
The pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, the generation by the pre-preventing disease and pest of following measures:
(1) matrix sterilization: matrix generally reusable 3 ~ 5 years, plants when within 1 year, reusing afterwards and needs to carry out disinfection; Every year once sterilizing process is carried out to reusable matrix, matrix sterilization adopts chemical agent sterilization, and every cubic metre of matrix 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, after matrix and 50% powder of carbendazim stirring and evenly mixing, with covered rearing with plastic film 2 ~ 3 days, throw off film volatilization flavour of a drug;
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy;
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling;
(4) after transplant planting completes, with 75% tpn wetting powder, 900 times of liquid even spraying once;
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy, to reduce humidity; Water in right amount, keep the relative water-holding capacity 60% ~ 80% of matrix, reduce pathogen transmission and morbidity chance; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once, makes plant strain growth healthy and strong, to strengthen the disease resistance of plant;
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys;
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
When powdery mildew occurs, by 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles (60% mancozeb, 2.25% nitrile bacterium azoles) wetting powder 1700 times of liquid even spraying, interval spray in 7 ~ 10 days once, uses 2 ~ 3 times continuously.
When gray mold occurs, ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, spray 40% Shi Jiale suspending agent, 1200 times of liquid.
When cabbage caterpillar occurs, adopt physical control and chemical control, wherein physical control: artificial searching larva is is also catched and killed; Chemical control: when cabbage caterpillar amount reaches 0.5/m
2time above, insecticide spraying, adopts 4.5% high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin, 2000 times of liquid, even spraying.
In embodiment 1 ~ 10, when powdery mildew cause harm seriously need increase administer number of times time, two or more in triadimefon, thiophanate methyl, white wine, tpn, MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles can be used alternatingly; When cabbage caterpillar occurs seriously to increase improvement number of times, two or three in phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, chlorophos crystal, high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin can be used alternatingly; When gray mold cause harm seriously need increase administer number of times time, two or more in aqueous suspension agent, the mould clever wetting powder that goes out, Shi Jiale suspending agent, grey Natamycin wetting powder energetically can be used alternatingly.
In addition, on the basis of above embodiment 1 ~ 10, if when meeting aphid generation in kiss-me planting process, available 25% mieyaling missible oil 500 times of liquid or 10% Uranus missible oil, 5000 times of liquid are sprayed.
Composite fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 10, foliage fertilizer are all commercially available prod, and composite fertilizer selects potassium sulfate compound fertilizer usually; Foliage fertilizer selects potassium dihydrogen phosphate usually.
Claims (7)
1. the pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening, is characterized in that: the generation by the pre-preventing disease and pest of following measures:
(1) matrix sterilization: every year once sterilizing process is carried out to reusable matrix;
(2), before raise seedling in greenhouse, cleaning canopy room, removes all plants in canopy;
(3) select disease-resistant variety, select excellent, the healthy and strong emerald green kiss-me plant of growing way to make field planting seedling;
(4), after transplant planting completes, spray once with 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid or 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles wetting powder, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid;
(5) planting density: each seedling dish according to seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm field planting 6 cave, every cave one strain; Ventilation in canopy; Water in right amount, make the relative water-holding capacity of matrix be 60% ~ 80%; The rational application of fertilizer: per vegetative period in season uses urea, each 20kg/ mu of composite fertilizer, monthly 1 time; Per vegetative period in season uses foliage fertilizer 800g/ mu, and later stage every two weeks in vegetative period once;
(6) growing period extracts branches and leaves of catching an illness in time, thoroughly removes withered rotted leaf, cuts off sick branch leaf, concentrates and destroys;
(7), after kiss-me results, seedling dish stubble Lao Ye and weeds are removed in time.
2. the pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in measure (1), matrix sterilization adopts physical disinfection or chemical agent sterilization, physical disinfection is: matrix spread with the thickness of 8 ~ 10cm, stir 3 ~ 4 every day, be exposed to the sun in the sun 10 ~ 15 days; Chemical agent sterilization is: every cubic metre of matrix 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, after matrix and 50% powder of carbendazim stirring and evenly mixing, with covered rearing with plastic film 2 ~ 3 days, throws off film and to volatilize flavour of a drug.
3. the pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described matrix is the dregs of a decoction, peat soil, perlite 2 ~ 4: 2 ~ 3: 1 ~ 2 mixing by volume of becoming thoroughly decomposed, adding water makes relative water-holding capacity be 60% ~ 80%, pH value is 6.8 ~ 7.0, the content of organic matter is 15% ~ 20%, and unit weight is 0.300 ~ 0.500g/cm
3, fully stir evenly and get final product.
4. the pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: when powdery mildew occurs, with 15% triadimefon, 800 times of liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl 800 times of liquid, every spray in 7 ~ 10 days once, or be 1000 times of liquid of white wine of 35% by alcohol content, once, continuous spraying 3 to 6 times, rinses blade to without white powder in spray in every 3 ~ 6 days; Or spray with 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid, spraying in 7 days 1 time, each production season uses 2 times; Or spray with 62.25% MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles wetting powder, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid, interval spray in 7 ~ 10 days once, uses 2 ~ 3 times continuously; Or described triadimefon, thiophanate methyl, white wine, tpn, MnZn nitrile bacterium azoles are used alternatingly.
5. the pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: when gray mold occurs, ventilate, find that diseased plant is cleared up in time, spray 30% energetically aqueous suspension agent 900 times of liquid, 50% to go out mould clever wetting powder 800 times of liquid, 40% Shi Jiale suspending agent, 1200 times of liquid or 28% grey Natamycin wetting powder, 800 times of liquid; Or by aqueous suspension agent, the mould clever wetting powder that goes out, Shi Jiale suspending agent, grey Natamycin wetting powder are used alternatingly energetically.
6. the pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: when aphid occurs, spray with 25% mieyaling missible oil, 500 times of liquid or 10% Uranus missible oil, 5000 times of liquid.
7. the pest control method of kiss-me greenhouse gardening according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: when cabbage caterpillar occurs, and adopts physical control and/or chemical control, wherein physical control: artificial searching larva is is also catched and killed; Chemical control: when cabbage caterpillar amount reaches 0.5/m
2time above, insecticide spraying, with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid or 90% chlorophos crystal, 1000 times of liquid, sprays 2 ~ 3 times; Or spray with 4.5% high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid; Or phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, chlorophos crystal, high performance aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin are used alternatingly.
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