CN110786344A - Method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant disease and insect pest protection, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing a baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution, which comprises the steps of soaking a bactericide prepared by mixing the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution and a schisandra extracting solution before planting seeds/seed stems of the fruit and vegetable crops, and spraying the bactericide on the fruit and vegetable crop seedlings after field planting of the fruit and vegetable crop seedlings; when the primary symptom of downy mildew disease appears in the plant of the fruit and vegetable crops, the bactericide is adopted to carry out spraying, root irrigation and the like on the diseased plant and the plant nearby the diseased plant. The method can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of downy mildew of fruits and vegetables, reduce the harm of downy mildew in the growth process of fruit and vegetable crops, and reduce the use amount and the use times of chemical pesticides, and the method has no pesticide residue, is safe and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant disease and insect pest protection, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing a baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution.
Background
Downy mildew refers to plant diseases caused by downy mildew in fungi, commonly known as black hair disease, and is an important disease in the growth of melon vegetables. The disease can occur from seedling to harvest stage, and the damage is serious in adult plants. Mainly endangering the leaves, progressing from the base to the upper leaves. At the early stage of the disease, pale yellow approximately round to polygonal scabs are formed on the leaf surfaces, angular leaf spots are easy to be caused, and frost-like mildew layers are generated on the leaf backs when the air is moist and can spread to the leaf surfaces. The later stage disease spot withered and dead tablet is yellow brown, and when the disease spot is serious, all outer leaves are withered and yellow to die, and the disease is similar to verticillium wilt.
The propagation path and the disease condition of downy mildew are that the pathogenic bacteria live through the winter with hypha on seeds or lettuce in autumn and winter, and also oospores on diseased residues. Mainly through air flow, watering, farming and insect transmission. The germination temperature of the germ spores is 6-10 ℃, the appropriate infection temperature is 15-17 ℃, the diseases are easy to occur such as too dense field planting, too early and too large watering after field planting, large soil humidity, poor drainage and the like. Continuous rainy weather is most easy to occur in early summer or autumn in spring, and 20% -40% of yield loss can be caused when diseases are serious. Downy mildew is one of the main diseases of many fruit and vegetable crops, is common and serious in harm, a large amount of manpower and material resources are invested for preventing and treating the downy mildew every year, and the economic loss caused by the downy mildew is huge.
Downy mildew is an air current disease, and must be controlled mainly by prevention and a combined principle of prevention and control, so the downy mildew is mainly prevented, the control is twice with half effort in the early stage of the disease, and once the control reaches the later stage, the spread of the disease is difficult to control by using medicaments. The current treatment for downy mildew mainly comprises the following methods: 1. and (4) agricultural prevention and control. Firstly, the crop rotation of 2-3 years is needed in the seriously ill field. Applying enough decomposed organic fertilizer to improve the disease resistance of plants. And secondly, reasonably and densely planting and scientifically watering to prevent flood irrigation so as to prevent diseases from spreading along with water flow. The ventilation is enhanced, and the humidity is reduced. Thirdly, if the disease plants infected by the peronospora parasitica are found, the disease plants need to be timely pulled out, taken out of the field and burnt or buried deeply, and meanwhile, quicklime is spread to treat the planting holes to prevent the spread of disease sources; when harvesting, the fallen leaves of the residual plants are thoroughly removed and are brought out of the field to be deeply buried or burnt. 2. Preventing and treating diseases with the medicament. Can be sprayed with 500 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder in the early stage of the disease attack, and sprayed with 500 times of 58% methyloxanil-manganese-zinc wettable powder or 800 times of 69% enoyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder in the serious disease attack. Spraying once every 7 days for continuous control for 2-3 times, and effectively controlling the spread of downy mildew. Meanwhile, the foliar fertilizer and the plant growth regulator can be sprayed for prevention and treatment, and the effect is better. 3. And (4) physical prevention and control. Spraying 200 times of liquid high-fat membrane (emulsion) 2 weeks before the disease, spraying once in about 10 days, and allowing the leaf back and the leaf surface to come.
At present, the domestic treatment of downy mildew is mainly based on chemical agent prevention and treatment, but long-term use of the agent treatment, and addition of additional agents which are added privately and abused by farmers during medication greatly improve the medication cost, have large pesticide residue and serious pesticide loss, and the problems of chronic toxicity of human bodies, especially delayed neurotoxicity and the like caused by long-term eating of foods using the drugs form threats to the living environment of human beings; in addition, the wide application of chemical preparations harms ecological agriculture, causes serious pollution to soil and water resources, and seriously does not conform to the modern advocated concept of green, environmental protection, health and sustainable development. Therefore, in the aspect of preventing and controlling downy mildew of fruit and vegetable crops, the research on how to effectively prevent and control the occurrence of downy mildew and reduce the use of chemical pesticides is a constant topic of research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing a baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution, which can effectively prevent and treat the downy mildew of the fruits and vegetables, reduce the harm of the downy mildew in the growth process of fruit and vegetable crops, and reduce the using amount and using times of chemical pesticides.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing an extract of branches and leaves of Baeckea frutescens comprises the following aspects:
(1) diluting the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution by 70-80 times by adding water, then adding a schisandra chinensis extracting solution into the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a bactericide, wherein the volume ratio of the added schisandra chinensis extracting solution to the diluted baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution is 3-5: 100, and before seeds/seed stems of fruit and vegetable crops are planted, soaking the seeds/seed stems in the bactericide for 25-30 minutes for sterilization and disinfection;
(2) after the fruit and vegetable crop seedlings are planted for 2 weeks, spraying the bactericide prepared in the step (1) on the seedlings; then the bactericide is sprayed once every 20 to 25 days in the whole growth period of the fruit and vegetable crops, and the bactericide is uniformly sprayed on the stem base part and the front and back surfaces of the leaves of the plants;
(3) when the fruit and vegetable crop plants show the primary symptom of downy mildew disease, the bactericide prepared in the step (1) is adopted to carry out spraying and root irrigation treatment on the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants, and after the first root irrigation, the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants are sprayed and root irrigation is carried out for the second time at intervals of 7-8 days; and spraying and irrigating roots for the third time on the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants after 7-8 days, and irrigating roots for the third time. The bactericide is used for root irrigation only by uniformly infiltrating the soil around roots with the bactericide after root irrigation, mainly wetting the soil in the distribution range of main root groups, wherein the pesticide amount of each plant is generally 50-200 ml, the pesticide liquid of each plant in the seedling stage is 50-100 ml, and the consumption of the bactericide in the adult stage is increased.
The method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking the branches and leaves of the baeckea frutescens, cutting into small segments, weighing the small segments, putting the small segments into a steam distillation pot, adding 0.5-2 kg of fresh baeckea frutescens branches and leaves into every 100 kg of water, heating and boiling for 3-5 hours, collecting the steam above the distillation pot, condensing the steam, and separating baeckea frutescens essential oil and baeckea aromatic water through an oil-water separator; filtering the liquid discharged from the distillation pot to obtain the extractive solution of branches and leaves of Baeckea frutescens.
The method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking a certain amount of dried fructus Schisandrae, adding 12 times of 80-90% ethanol, heating and reflux-extracting for 3 times, each for 1 hr, and mixing filtrates to obtain fructus Schisandrae extract.
The method for preventing and treating the downy mildew of the fruits and vegetables by using the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution can be applied to fruit and vegetable crops such as cucumbers, watermelons, melons, Chinese cabbages, lettuce, tomatoes, grapes and the like.
The baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution used in the invention is prepared from baeckea frutescens of MyrtaceaeBaeckea frutescens L.The baeckea frutescens oil extracted from the baeckea frutescens branch leaves is high-grade bactericidal medicinal oil and has the effects of removing blood stasis and relieving pain, clearing away heat and toxic materials, inducing diuresis for treating stranguria and killing parasites to relieve itching, and is used for treating traumatic injury, stasis and swelling, liver cirrhosis, heat diarrhea, heat stranguria, dysuresia, pruritus vulvae, beriberi, eczema, cutaneous pruritus, mange, burns and scalds and insect bites, the baeckea frutescens leaves contain 0.9-1.8% of volatile oil, wherein α -pinene and β -pinene account for 58%, p-cymene 0.7%, 1, 8-cineole 7.4%, limonene and dipentene for 3.1%, linalool, cumin alcohol, borneol and terpineol for 10%, sesquiterpene 1.4%, phenol alcohol for 3%, phenol for 2.4%, crystallized phenol ether for 5.5%, and the baeckea frutescens oil extracted from the baeckea frutescens branch leaves is high-grade bactericidal medicinal oil and has the effects of clearing away heat and relieving pain, inducing diuresis for relieving stranguria and killing parasites to relieve itchingThe Chinese patent medicine prepared from the main raw materials has good antibacterial and insecticidal curative effects, and has great application value when being used as an essence and spice. The baeckea frutescens branch and leaf water extract has obvious bacteriostatic action on salmonella paratyphi B, shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus and the like, and has pharmacological actions of resisting inflammation, inhibiting bacteria, easing pain, resisting allergy, enhancing immunity, protecting liver, removing jaundice and the like.
The fructus Schisandrae chinensis extractive solution is obtained by extracting dried fructus Schisandrae chinensis with ethanol, wherein fructus Schisandrae chinensis is dried mature fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Fructus Schisandrae contains volatile components, lignanoids, organic acids, etc. The fructus Schisandrae ethanol extract has in vitro inhibitory effect on Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, etc., and also has strong antibacterial and bactericidal effect on various fungi such as Candida albicans, Microsporum, etc. The alcohol extract of schisandra has strong inhibiting and sterilizing effects on plant pathogenic fungi, and the action mechanism of the alcohol extract mainly shows that spore germination is inhibited or toxic substances are generated to kill spores, hypha growth is inhibited or hypha structure is damaged, distortion and deformity are generated, branches are intensified, and the phenomena of vesicle, swelling and collapse ablation are generated, so that pathogens lose infection capacity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution and the schisandra extracting solution used in the invention both have good antibacterial and bactericidal effects, and the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution and the schisandra extracting solution are mixed to prepare a bactericide, and then seeds/seed stems of fruit and vegetable crops are soaked, so that germs, worm eggs and the like carried on the seeds/seed stems of the fruits and vegetables can be effectively eliminated through soaking, and further the occurrence of fruit and vegetable plant diseases and insect pests can be prevented.
2. The bactericide prepared by mixing the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extract and the schisandra chinensis extract is sprayed every 20-25 days in the whole growth period of the fruit and vegetable crops, the bactericide has good sterilization and bacteriostasis effects, can sterilize the crops, effectively prevents the downy mildew of the fruit and vegetable, and has the advantages of no toxicity, no public nuisance, no residue, lasting pesticide effect and difficult drug resistance.
3. When the primary symptom of downy mildew disease appears in the plant of the fruit and vegetable crops, the bactericide prepared by mixing the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution and the schisandra extracting solution is sprayed and irrigated to the diseased plant and the plants nearby around the diseased plant, so that the effective sterilization can be realized, and the spread of the downy mildew can be controlled and inhibited.
4. By adopting the method for preventing and treating the downy mildew of the fruits and the vegetables, the early prevention and treatment of the downy mildew of the fruits and the vegetables can be realized, the incidence of the downy mildew of the fruits and the vegetables is reduced, the damage of the downy mildew to the fruits and the vegetables is reduced, the survival rate of the fruits and the vegetables is improved, and the yield and the quality are increased. The method effectively reduces the using amount and using times of chemical pesticides, is safe and environment-friendly, has no pesticide residue, and does not harm human bodies and the environment.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing an extract of branches and leaves of Baeckea frutescens comprises the following aspects:
(1) diluting the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution by 70 times by adding water, then adding a schisandra chinensis extracting solution into the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a bactericide, wherein the volume ratio of the added schisandra chinensis extracting solution to the diluted baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution is 3:100, and before seeds/seed stems of fruit and vegetable crops are planted, soaking the seeds/seed stems in the bactericide for 25 minutes for sterilization and disinfection;
(2) after the fruit and vegetable crop seedlings are planted for 2 weeks, spraying the bactericide prepared in the step (1) on the seedlings; then the bactericide is sprayed once every 20 days in the whole growth period of the fruit and vegetable crops, and the bactericide is uniformly sprayed on the stem base part and the front and back surfaces of the leaves of the plants;
(3) when the fruit and vegetable crop plants show the primary symptom of downy mildew disease, the bactericide prepared in the step (1) is adopted to carry out spraying and root irrigation treatment on the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants, and after the first root irrigation, the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants are sprayed and root irrigation is carried out for the second time every 7 days; and spraying and carrying out third root irrigation treatment on the diseased plant and the plants close to the diseased plant after 7 days, and carrying out root irrigation treatment for three times. The bactericide is used in the root irrigation treatment in such a way that the bactericide can uniformly infiltrate the soil around the roots after the root irrigation.
The preparation method of the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking the branches and leaves of the baeckea frutescens, cutting into small segments, weighing the small segments, putting the small segments into a steam distillation pot, adding 0.5 kg of fresh baeckea frutescens branches and leaves into every 100 kg of water, heating and boiling for 3 hours, collecting the steam above the distillation pot, condensing the steam, and separating baeckea frutescens essential oil and baeckea frutescens aromatic water through an oil-water separator; filtering the liquid discharged from the distillation pot to obtain the extractive solution of branches and leaves of Baeckea frutescens. The preparation method of the schisandra chinensis extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking a certain amount of dried fructus Schisandrae, adding 12 times of 80% ethanol, heating and reflux-extracting for 3 times, each time for 1 hr, and mixing filtrates to obtain fructus Schisandrae extract.
Example 2
A method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing an extract of branches and leaves of Baeckea frutescens comprises the following aspects:
(1) firstly, diluting the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution by 75 times by adding water, then adding a schisandra chinensis extracting solution into the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a bactericide, wherein the volume ratio of the added schisandra chinensis extracting solution to the diluted baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution is 4:100, and before seeds/seed stems of fruit and vegetable crops are planted, soaking the seeds/seed stems in the bactericide for 28 minutes for sterilization and disinfection;
(2) after the fruit and vegetable crop seedlings are planted for 2 weeks, spraying the bactericide prepared in the step (1) on the seedlings; then the bactericide is sprayed once every 23 days in the whole growth period of the fruit and vegetable crops, and the bactericide is uniformly sprayed on the stem base part and the front and back surfaces of the leaves of the plants;
(3) when the fruit and vegetable crop plants show the primary symptom of downy mildew disease, the bactericide prepared in the step (1) is adopted to carry out spraying and root irrigation treatment on the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants, and after the first root irrigation, the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants are sprayed and root irrigation is carried out for the second time at intervals of 8 days; and spraying and carrying out third root irrigation treatment on the diseased plant and the plants close to the diseased plant after 8 days, and carrying out root irrigation treatment for three times. The bactericide is used in the root irrigation treatment in such a way that the bactericide can uniformly infiltrate the soil around the roots after the root irrigation.
The preparation method of the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking the branches and leaves of the baeckea frutescens, cutting into small segments, weighing the small segments, putting the small segments into a steam distillation pot, adding 1 kg of fresh baeckea frutescens branches and leaves into every 100 kg of water, heating and boiling for 4 hours, collecting the steam above the distillation pot, condensing the steam, and separating baeckea frutescens essential oil and baeckea frutescens aromatic water through an oil-water separator; filtering the liquid discharged from the distillation pot to obtain the extractive solution of branches and leaves of Baeckea frutescens. The preparation method of the schisandra chinensis extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking a certain amount of dried fructus Schisandrae, adding 12 times of 85% ethanol, heating and reflux-extracting for 3 times, each time for 1 hr, and mixing filtrates to obtain fructus Schisandrae extract.
Example 3
A method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing an extract of branches and leaves of Baeckea frutescens comprises the following aspects:
(1) firstly, diluting the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution by 80 times by adding water, then adding a schisandra chinensis extracting solution into the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a bactericide, wherein the volume ratio of the added schisandra chinensis extracting solution to the diluted baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution is 5:100, and before seeds/seed stems of fruit and vegetable crops are planted, the seeds/seed stems are firstly soaked in the bactericide for 30 minutes for sterilization and disinfection treatment;
(2) after the fruit and vegetable crop seedlings are planted for 2 weeks, spraying the bactericide prepared in the step (1) on the seedlings; then the bactericide is sprayed once every 25 days in the whole growth period of the fruit and vegetable crops, and the bactericide is uniformly sprayed on the stem base part and the front and back surfaces of the leaves of the plants;
(3) when the fruit and vegetable crop plants show the primary symptom of downy mildew disease, the bactericide prepared in the step (1) is adopted to carry out spraying and root irrigation treatment on the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants, and after the first root irrigation, the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants are sprayed and root irrigation is carried out for the second time every 7 days; and spraying and carrying out third root irrigation treatment on the diseased plant and the plants close to the diseased plant after 7 days, and carrying out root irrigation treatment for three times. The bactericide is used in the root irrigation treatment in such a way that the bactericide can uniformly infiltrate the soil around the roots after the root irrigation.
The preparation method of the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking the branches and leaves of the baeckea frutescens, cutting into small segments, weighing the small segments, putting the small segments into a steam distillation pot, adding 1.5 kilograms of fresh baeckea frutescens branches and leaves into every 100 kilograms of water, heating and boiling for 4.5 hours, collecting the steam above the distillation pot, condensing the steam, and separating baeckea frutescens essential oil and baeckea frutescens aromatic water through an oil-water separator; filtering the liquid discharged from the distillation pot to obtain the extractive solution of branches and leaves of Baeckea frutescens. The preparation method of the schisandra chinensis extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking a certain amount of dried fructus Schisandrae, adding 12 times of 90% ethanol, heating and reflux-extracting for 3 times, each time for 1 hr, and mixing filtrates to obtain fructus Schisandrae extract.
Example 4
A method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing an extract of branches and leaves of Baeckea frutescens comprises the following aspects:
(1) diluting the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution by 70 times by adding water, then adding a schisandra chinensis extracting solution into the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a bactericide, wherein the volume ratio of the added schisandra chinensis extracting solution to the diluted baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution is 4:100, and before seeds/seed stems of fruit and vegetable crops are planted, the seeds/seed stems are firstly soaked in the bactericide for 30 minutes for sterilization and disinfection treatment;
(2) after the fruit and vegetable crop seedlings are planted for 2 weeks, spraying the bactericide prepared in the step (1) on the seedlings; then the bactericide is sprayed once every 24 days in the whole growth period of the fruit and vegetable crops, and the bactericide is uniformly sprayed on the stem base part and the front and back surfaces of the leaves of the plants;
(3) when the fruit and vegetable crop plants show the primary symptom of downy mildew disease, the bactericide prepared in the step (1) is adopted to carry out spraying and root irrigation treatment on the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants, and after the first root irrigation, the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants are sprayed and root irrigation is carried out for the second time at intervals of 8 days; and spraying and carrying out third root irrigation treatment on the diseased plant and the plants close to the diseased plant after 8 days, and carrying out root irrigation treatment for three times. The bactericide is used in the root irrigation treatment in such a way that the bactericide can uniformly infiltrate the soil around the roots after the root irrigation.
The preparation method of the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking the branches and leaves of the baeckea frutescens, cutting into small segments, weighing the small segments, putting the small segments into a steam distillation pot, adding 2 kilograms of fresh baeckea frutescens branches and leaves into every 100 kilograms of water, heating and boiling for 5 hours, collecting the steam above the distillation pot, condensing the steam, and separating baeckea frutescens essential oil and baeckea frutescens aromatic water through an oil-water separator; filtering the liquid discharged from the distillation pot to obtain the extractive solution of branches and leaves of Baeckea frutescens. The preparation method of the schisandra chinensis extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking a certain amount of dried fructus Schisandrae, adding 12 times of 80% ethanol, heating and reflux-extracting for 3 times, each time for 1 hr, and mixing filtrates to obtain fructus Schisandrae extract.
Effect test
In order to verify the control effect of the bactericide prepared by mixing the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution and the schisandra extracting solution used by the invention on the downy mildew of fruits and vegetables, the inventor conducts experiments in the county of south-West Guangxi Ming.
The tested crop variety is cucumber, the cucumber with regular and consistent growth vigor, middle and late development stage and moderate disease incidence is selected, a medicament treatment area and a clear water control area are arranged in the test, the test is repeated for 3 times, and the area of a cell is 50m2The bactericide prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is sprayed on the cucumber in the medicament treatment area, and the bactericide is uniformly sprayed on the stem base part and the front and back surfaces of the leaves of the plant; spraying the cucumber with the same amount of clear water in the clear water control area; spraying is carried out once more every 10 days after the first spraying, and the spraying is carried out for 3 times in total. The other planting management conditions of the medicament treatment area and the clear water control area are the same.
The comparison result shows that the incidence of cucumber downy mildew in the agent treatment area is reduced by 17% compared with that in the clear water control area, therefore, the bactericide prepared by mixing the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extract and the schisandra chinensis extract has good bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, and the bactericide is used for spraying and treating cucumbers, so that the incidence of cucumber downy mildew can be reduced, the damage of downy mildew to cucumbers is reduced, the use amount and the use times of chemical pesticides are reduced, and the agent is safe and environment-friendly.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing an extract of branches and leaves of Baeckea frutescens is characterized by comprising the following aspects:
(1) diluting the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution by 70-80 times by adding water, then adding a schisandra chinensis extracting solution into the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a bactericide, wherein the volume ratio of the added schisandra chinensis extracting solution to the diluted baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution is 3-5: 100, and before seeds/seed stems of fruit and vegetable crops are planted, soaking the seeds/seed stems in the bactericide for 25-30 minutes for sterilization and disinfection;
(2) after the fruit and vegetable crop seedlings are planted for 2 weeks, spraying the bactericide prepared in the step (1) on the seedlings; then the bactericide is sprayed once every 20 to 25 days in the whole growth period of the fruit and vegetable crops, and the bactericide is uniformly sprayed on the stem base part and the front and back surfaces of the leaves of the plants;
(3) when the fruit and vegetable crop plants show the primary symptom of downy mildew disease, the bactericide prepared in the step (1) is adopted to carry out spraying and root irrigation treatment on the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants, and after the first root irrigation, the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants are sprayed and root irrigation is carried out for the second time at intervals of 7-8 days; and spraying and irrigating roots for the third time on the diseased plants and the plants close to the diseased plants after 7-8 days, and irrigating roots for the third time.
2. The method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by utilizing the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking the branches and leaves of the baeckea frutescens, cutting into small segments, weighing the small segments, putting the small segments into a steam distillation pot, adding 0.5-2 kg of fresh baeckea frutescens branches and leaves into every 100 kg of water, heating and boiling for 3-5 hours, collecting the steam above the distillation pot, condensing the steam, and separating baeckea frutescens essential oil and baeckea aromatic water through an oil-water separator; filtering the liquid discharged from the distillation pot to obtain the extractive solution of branches and leaves of Baeckea frutescens.
3. The method for preventing and treating downy mildew of fruits and vegetables by using the baeckea frutescens branch and leaf extracting solution as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the schisandra chinensis extracting solution comprises the following steps: taking a certain amount of dried fructus Schisandrae, adding 12 times of 80-90% ethanol, heating and reflux-extracting for 3 times, each for 1 hr, and mixing filtrates to obtain fructus Schisandrae extract.
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