CN103477861A - Method for processing export potted chrysalidocarpus lutescens - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for processing export potted chrysalidocarpus lutescens. The method comprises a series of steps of harvesting and selecting, washing and reshaping, sterilizing and drying, preparing culture medium and filling pot, strengthening seedling and acclimatizing, checking and sterilizing and packaging and transporting. The method provided by the invention can be used for enabling the potted chrysalidocarpus lutescens to meet the export quarantine requirements to a greater degree and improving the product quality and export volume and has great significance for improving the ornamental and economic values of the potted chrysalidocarpus lutescens, promoting the standard production and export of the potted chrysalidocarpus lutescens and effectively avoiding the technical barriers to trade set by import countries.

Description

A kind of processing method that exports potted plant madagascar palm

Technical field

The invention belongs to the ornamental horticulture field, be specifically related to a kind of processing method that exports potted plant madagascar palm.

Background technology

Fujian Province is the main province of national pot flowers outlet, and pot flowers total export in 2012, up to 4671.2 ten thousand dollars, ranks first in the country.In recent years, for evading the export market risk, the whole province is when holding traditional potted plant outlets such as ginseng banyan, golden-rimmed sansevieria trifasciata, state orchid, the outlet dynamics of strengthened the indoor sight leaves such as potted plant madagascar palm, cutting the leaf plant, therefore potted plant madagascar palm has obtained export growth preferably, and product has been found a good sale in a plurality of countries and regions such as Korea S, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, Holland.

Madagascar palm palmae chrysalidocarpus lutescentswendl. having another name called yellow coconut, fernleaf hedge bamboo etc., for growing thickly evergreen shrubs or dungarunga, originate in African Madagascar, is to cultivate in the world one of most widely used babassu.Its plant type is graceful, graceful whirling, blade is merrily and lightheartedly elegant, evergreen all the year round, stem is golden yellow subsidiary bold, be a kind of senior indoor sight leaf, cut the leaf plant, also can plant in Around Buildings, square, park, road, roof top garden etc. simultaneously, welcome by user at home and abroad, there is higher viewing and admiring and economic worth.

At present, the madagascar palm of domestic production is mainly in the field breeding, and cultivation sandy soil medium, make the organisms such as its portable germ, worm, weeds, causes not meeting external directly exported standard.And many countries such as the U.S., Japan, Australia and European Union all forbid the import of ball-plant for controlling exotic disease insect pest invasion.After the madagascar palm processing of domestic production is at present cleaned, can only take bareroot seedling or again plant rear outlet as main matrix with the coconut palm chaff, due to the export processing method that lacks safety, potted plant madagascar palm stable, that effectively turn round, the outlet of potted plant madagascar palm is repeatedly suffered importer's return of goods, is destroyed or detain for a long time, and to pot flowers, outlet has caused harmful effect.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing method that exports potted plant madagascar palm, the method production application effect is better, can make potted plant madagascar palm meet to a greater degree the export quarantine requirement, improve product quality and export volume, to promoting viewing and admiring and economic worth of potted plant madagascar palm, promote standardized production and the outlet of potted plant madagascar palm, the Trade technique barrier of effectively evading importer's setting is significant.

For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of processing method that exports potted plant madagascar palm, to gathering and 7 export processing flow processs of selected, flushing and shaping, sterilization and airing, aglucon and upper dish, strong seedling and domestication, check and sterilization, packing and transportation are assembled, structure is applicable to the processing method of potted plant madagascar palm outlet, and its concrete steps are as follows:

1) gather and selected

A. gather: at planting area, choose bag cultivation madagascar palm according to outlet specification requirement and demand, carry out mark, in the situation that do not damage earth that madagascar palm is with or the matrix that root system will take off bag, remove totally, the madagascar palm of gathering tiltedly is put in hard basket, transports the export processing place back, during transportation, keep plant fresh and alive, life is arranged, not dehydration;

Described bag is planted madagascar palm and is answered root system good, and cane is smooth, healthy, well-balanced and solid, blade is complete, BG and not excessive growth, without scab, without insect, without dead leaf;

B. selected: in the export processing place, de-bag madagascar palm is selected again, selected the plant that meets the outgoing quality requirement, particularly the plant of high-quality moulding, gently move into rinsing area by the plant selected;

Described plant is: seedling age is in 2～3 years, high approximately 1.5～2.0 m and stalwartness, and 50～60 of every bag of total numbers of sheets, the not excessive growth of blade stalwartness, the leaf look dark green, anosis worm, the leaf tail is slightly sagging;

2) flushing and shaping

A. rinse: in cleaning machine, with Pressurizing water jet, free of contamination phreatic water or running water are not forced into and can cause damage to plant root and cauline leaf, sequentially rinse root system, cane and the blade of madagascar palm, root system after cleaning and cauline leaf are without silt, machinery wound and other impurity, clean plant is sidelong gently in the blank hard basket of plastics, move to shaping region after draining the water

B. shaping: at clean shaping region, madagascar palm after cleaning neatly is well placed, and airing, choose except diminishing the plant that injures hole (worm channel), cut off useless of every strain madagascar palm with scissors, particularly be completely cured and rotten, wipe out sick branch leaf, yellow branches and leaves and deadwood leaf simultaneously, prune mouthful cane and keep smooth; Carry out classification according to plant height, leading thread and demand, every 50 cm plant heights, 3 cm leading threads are 1 specification, after classification, are sidelong gently respectively in the blank hard frame of plastics, move to sterile zones;

3) sterilization and airing

A. sterilization: use and take mass fraction the same day and be hybridly prepared into 200 L thimerosals as 1500 times of liquid+mass fractions of 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion as 3000 times of liquid of 5% Avermectin soluble concentrate, get and prune the madagascar palm good with classification, root and 1/3 stem stalk section are put in thimerosal and soak 3～5 min, mention plant and be placed on a barrel face and drain the water after 1～2 min and gently move on to the airing district;

B. airing: the madagascar palm after sterilization is laid in to airing on ventilation, printing opacity and clean airing layer frame successively by grade, plant is advisable with individual plant, not overlapping stacking, particularly individual plant branches and leaves are not stacking too thick each other, and plant just can gently move to it upper basin zone during there are no water droplet;

4) aglucon and upper basin

A. aglucon: choose perlite, peat, 3 kinds of suitable madagascar palms growths of coconut palm chaff and meet the medium of importer's quarantine requests such as the U.S., Canada, Japan, Australia and European Union, with free of contamination phreatic water or the running water alkaline matter that perlite is too much, rinse well, getting 1 part of perlite+1 part peat+8 parts of coconut palm chaffs stirs, water supply in media is adjusted to and sees the dry wet condition of seeing, the matrix prepared is packed in disinfection cabinet or disinfect box, pass into steam with breather pipe, be heated to 70 ℃～100 ℃, airtight sterilization 30～60 min;

B. go up basin: the madagascar palm plant of selecting ventilative, attractive in appearance basin tool and 3～5 strains to combine, first pad 2～3 cm matrix at the bottom of basin, again the plant combined is put in basin, adjust each plant direction, add matrix from the basin edge, after the matrix compacting, apart from basin cup face 1～2 cm, make whole upright, center and handsome in appearance, by the potted plant madagascar palm of having planted remove to the outlet potted plant greenhouse or canopy indoor, put neatly at interval;

5) strong seedling and domestication

A. be good for seedling:

After upper basin madagascar palm moves into Huo Peng chamber, greenhouse, with 400 times, lure the root agent of flooding to irrigate matrix immediately, to the blade water spray, the maintenance blade is moistening simultaneously; The indoor temperature of potted plant greenhouse or canopy remains between 18 ℃～30 ℃, and humidity remains between 70%～80%; Plant after 3～5 days and spray 600～800 times of microbial bacterial agent Tylenol Te Like, afterwards every spray in 10 days 1 time; First 20 days of long new root, spend intact 6～8 times every day to 5000 times of liquid 30-10-10+TE full water soluble fertilizers of blade spraying; After long root, the part shading, carry out full exposure after 1 month, uses every day spraying facility to spray water 2～3 times to blade, sees dry wet the getting final product of seeing, the moistening and raising air humidity with the maintenance blade; Take the thin cake fertilizer water become thoroughly decomposed or mass fraction alternately uses as 0.3% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution, every fertilising in 1～2 week 1 time, and be 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in conjunction with spraying mass fraction, to promote plant vigorous growth and leaf look dark green, matrix is applied fertilizer and is sprayed foliage fertilizer and answers interval 7 days, in order to avoid fertilizer damage occurs; Reduce fertilizer application frequency winter or stop fertilising; Wipe out in time disease worm leaf, withered and yellow leaf and tear leaf, blade tip occurs when withered and yellow because of drying, the blade tip of only having one's hair trimmed; Cut thin and weak, the sick worm of plant, the branch such as withered, overstocked winter; Winter, booth and greenhouse needed cover film, and the madagascar palm temperature of surviving the winter is remained on more than 10 ℃; To the damage by disease and insect prevention and control, the method for preventing and treating of choose reasonable agricultural, physics, biology, chemistry optionally;

B. domestication: export first 1 month, booth or greenhouse temperature are controlled to 15～20 ℃, shade, export first 3 weeks and stop fertilising; Interim control fed water, and l～2 day stop watering before outlet;

6) check and sterilization

A. check: select anosis worm, without rotting, without yellow leaf, without dry branches and leaves, the potted plant madagascar palm of having tamed, nursery stock is placed between isolation, carry out further check: whether visualize strain shape is attractive in appearance, whether blade is dark green, bright, complete, whether the hat width is tight, and whether plant height, basin specification, the plant weight plant situation of taking root meet the requirements; Visualize plant cane and blade have or not damage by disease and insect, and Equipment Inspection matrix and rhizome have or not nematode; The soilless substrate of requirement check through sterilizing according to importer;

B. sterilization: plant control water before outlet; Export packing is that the matrix sterilization is carried out in 800～1000 times of liquid of 40% fenaminosulf wetting powder and 4000～5000 times of liquid fillings of 5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate thoroughly with mass fraction in first 7 days; Exporting first 1～2 day, is that stem stalk and the blade that 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% iprodione wetting powder+1500～2000 times of liquid of 5% azoles mite ketone missible oil spray potted plant madagascar palm carries out disinfection to plant with mass fraction, rear potting media is watered to sufficient water;

7) packing and transportation

A. pack: basin is wiped clean, extract yellow leaf, cured leaf, dry branch, use newspaper, the packing materials such as bagging bandage blade and the cane of the potted plant madagascar palm of every basin, the potted plant madagascar palm bandaged is vertical, neatly put into by the specifications of container fixation and through stifling and process, and cover in the wooden cabinet of stifling processing chapter, newspaper is sticked in the plank inboard, then seal wooden cabinet, post label, indicate botanical name on label, specification, rank, quantity, the place of production, the producer, with fork truck, wooden cabinet is packed into totally, pollution-free, and be provided with ventilating opening and can control the container of plant transport temperature, the temperature inside the box is set to 15 ± 1 ℃, whole packing, vanning process, all should be in builder's temporary shed or packing shop carry out, handle with care, and avoid sunlight directly to shine,

B. transportation: before packed and transported, potted plant madagascar palm is carried out to fresh-keeping storing processing with the brassin lactones of 0.01mg/L or the fast cry of certain animals of 6-benzyl gland of 1.5 mg/L; During transportation, enforcement monitoring in real time, prevent because of long period transportation, causes the dead leaf of potted plant madagascar palm, rotten and necrosis.

remarkable result of the present invention is:

(1), a kind of method of operating of standardization is provided for the processing that exports potted plant madagascar palm;

(2), reduced medication number of times and residue of pesticide, improved the ecotope of potted plant madagascar palm export base, increased Natural Enemies and the quantity of madagascar palm damage by disease and insect, promoted the benign cycle of ecology regulation and control;

(3), can make the commodity rate that exports potted plant madagascar palm reach more than 95%, quarantine extermination of disease and insect pest effect reaches 100%, the new profit is more than 20%, economic benefit is very remarkable;

(4), promoted the flower-grower to potted plant madagascar palm export processing operation consciousness and standardized level, potted plant madagascar palm quality and export volume have been improved, promoted enterprise and flower-grower's increasing both production and income, further promoted health and the sustainable development of this industry, social benefit is outstanding.

Embodiment

A kind of processing method that exports potted plant madagascar palm, to gathering and 7 export processing flow processs of selected, flushing and shaping, sterilization and airing, aglucon and upper dish, strong seedling and domestication, check and sterilization, packing and transportation are assembled, structure is applicable to export the processing method of potted plant madagascar palm, and its concrete steps are as follows

1) gather and selected

A. gather: at planting area, choose root system good, cane is smooth, healthy, well-balanced and solid, blade is complete, BG and not excessive growth, without scab, without insect, without the bag of dead leaf, plant madagascar palm, carry out mark, in the situation that do not damage earth that madagascar palm is with or the matrix that root system will take off bag, remove totally, the madagascar palm of gathering tiltedly is put in hard basket, transports the export processing place back, during transportation, keep plant fresh and alive, life is arranged, not dehydration;

B. selected: in the export processing place, to seedling age, in 2～3 years, height is 1.5～2.0 m and stalwartness approximately, 50～60 of every bag of total numbers of sheets, the not excessive growth of blade stalwartness, the leaf look dark green, anosis worm, the slightly sagging de-bag madagascar palm of leaf tail is selected again, and the plant selected is gently moved into to rinsing area;

2) flushing and shaping

A. rinse: in cleaning machine, with Pressurizing water jet, free of contamination phreatic water or running water are not forced into and can cause damage to plant root and cauline leaf, sequentially rinse root system, cane and the blade of madagascar palm, root system after cleaning and cauline leaf are without silt, machinery wound and other impurity, clean plant is sidelong gently in the blank hard basket of plastics, move to shaping region after draining the water

B. shaping: at clean shaping region, madagascar palm after cleaning neatly is well placed, and airing, choose except diminishing the plant that injures hole (worm channel), cut off useless of every strain madagascar palm with scissors, particularly be completely cured and rotten, wipe out sick branch leaf, yellow branches and leaves and deadwood leaf simultaneously, prune mouthful cane and keep smooth; Carry out classification according to plant height, leading thread and demand, every 50 cm plant heights, 3 cm leading threads are 1 specification, after classification, are sidelong gently respectively in the blank hard frame of plastics, move to sterile zones;

3) sterilization and airing

A. sterilization: use and take mass fraction the same day and be hybridly prepared into 200 L thimerosals as 1500 times of liquid+mass fractions of 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion as 3000 times of liquid of 5% Avermectin soluble concentrate, get and prune the madagascar palm good with classification, root and 1/3 stem stalk section are put in thimerosal and soak 3～5 min, mention plant and be placed on a barrel face and drain the water after 1～2 min and gently move on to the airing district;

B. airing: the madagascar palm after sterilization is laid in to airing on ventilation, printing opacity and clean airing layer frame successively by grade, plant is advisable with individual plant, not overlapping stacking, particularly individual plant branches and leaves are not stacking too thick each other, and plant just can gently move to it upper basin zone during there are no water droplet;

4) aglucon and upper basin

A. aglucon: choose perlite, peat, 3 kinds of suitable madagascar palms growths of coconut palm chaff and meet the medium of importer's quarantine requests such as the U.S., Canada, Japan, Australia and European Union, with free of contamination phreatic water or the running water alkaline matter that perlite is too much, rinse well, getting 1 part of perlite+1 part peat+8 parts of coconut palm chaffs stirs, water supply in media is adjusted to and sees the dry wet condition of seeing, the matrix prepared is packed in disinfection cabinet or disinfect box, pass into steam with breather pipe, be heated to 70 ℃～100 ℃, airtight sterilization 30～60 min;

B. go up basin: the madagascar palm plant of selecting ventilative, attractive in appearance basin tool and 3～5 strains to combine, first pad 2～3 cm matrix at the bottom of basin, again the plant combined is put in basin, adjust each plant direction, add matrix from the basin edge, after the matrix compacting, apart from basin cup face 1～2 cm, make whole upright, center and handsome in appearance, by the potted plant madagascar palm of having planted remove to the outlet potted plant greenhouse or canopy indoor, put neatly at interval;

5) strong seedling and domestication

A. be good for seedling:

After upper basin madagascar palm moves into Huo Peng chamber, greenhouse, with 400 times, lure the root agent of flooding to irrigate matrix immediately, to the blade water spray, the maintenance blade is moistening simultaneously; The indoor temperature of potted plant greenhouse or canopy remains between 18 ℃～30 ℃, and humidity remains between 70%～80%; Plant after 3～5 days and spray 600～800 times of microbial bacterial agent Tylenol Te Like, afterwards every spray in 10 days 1 time; First 20 days of long new root, spend intact 6～8 times every day to 5000 times of liquid 30-10-10+TE full water soluble fertilizers of blade spraying; After long root, the part shading, carry out full exposure after 1 month, uses every day spraying facility to spray water 2～3 times to blade, sees dry wet the getting final product of seeing, the moistening and raising air humidity with the maintenance blade; Take the thin cake fertilizer water become thoroughly decomposed or mass fraction alternately uses as 0.3% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution, every fertilising in 1～2 week 1 time, and be 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in conjunction with spraying mass fraction, to promote plant vigorous growth and leaf look dark green, matrix is applied fertilizer and is sprayed foliage fertilizer and answers interval 7 days; Wipe out in time disease worm leaf, withered and yellow leaf and tear leaf, blade tip occurs when withered and yellow because of drying, the blade tip of only having one's hair trimmed; Cut thin and weak, the sick worm of plant, the branch such as withered, overstocked winter; To the damage by disease and insect prevention and control, the method for preventing and treating of choose reasonable agricultural, physics, biology, chemistry optionally:

Leaf spot: mainly occur in blade tip and leaf margin, brown yellow fleck or canescence streak appear in the their early stage blade, rear fleck or streak enlarge and are connected to the large spot of irregular necrosis gradually, the scab edge have dark strokes around, there is the scattered oval pore in scab position in the later stage; Fall ill when serious, blade is withered crispaturas half, and shape, as burnt, causes plant death, loses and views and admires and economic worth.Prevent and treat method: will suitably shade between seedling stage, not inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application, enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer, perform garden clearly, remove in time the residual body of diseased plant, concentrate and to burn and buried in soil, premorbid, spray 1% bordeaux mixture, their early stage, extract in time sick leaf, avoid drenching with rain and spraying, but rotation or alternately with 450～600 times of liquid of 50% bacterium pellet wetting powder, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl Wettable Powder, or 500～700 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, or 900～1000 times of liquid of 50% sporgon Wettable Powder, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn Wettable Powder, or 600～800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 1200～1500 times of liquid of 45% probenazole suspending agent, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% asomate wetting powder, or 500～600 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet wetting powder, or the whole strain spraying of 50% thiophanate-methyl-800～1000 times of sulphur suspends liquid,

Epidemic disease: mainly occur in stem, bud and leaf section, after stem and bud section are injured, site of pathological change is taupe, withered, frangibility; After leaf section is injured, base portion produces water stain shape scab, causes fallen leaves.Prevent and treat method: strengthen cultivation management, adopt drip irrigation or infiltrating irrigation to pour water in right amount, unsuitable flood irrigation; Unsuitable dense planting, keep aeration-cooling; Perform garden clearly, remove in time the residual body of diseased plant, concentrate and to burn and buried in soil; Premorbid, carry out whole strain spraying or pouring plant matrix with 1% bordeaux mixture or 0.1～0.2% copper sulfate solution; Their early stage, wipe out disease branch, sick bud and sick leaf in time, and rotation or alternately with 500～800 times of liquid of 5% metalaxyl wetting powder, or the whole strain spraying of 500～700 times of liquid of 80% aliette wetting powder or water plant matrix;

Anthracnose: mainly occur in blade tip and leaf margin, the their early stage scab is rounded, semicircle or irregular shape, protuberance slightly, and yellowish-brown is to brown or pitchy, and there is yellow circle at edge; The scattered black point of later stage scab, matter is crisp easily breaks, and can make the blade perforation.Prevent and treat method: strengthen water and fertilizer management, not inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application, enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer; Perform garden clearly, remove in time the residual body of diseased plant, concentrate and to burn and buried in soil; Their early stage, remove in time sick leaf, and rotation or alternately or 8% gram charcoal clever dust agent stifling with 45% chlorothalonil smoke dust, but also rotation or alternately with 500～600 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder or the whole strain of 800～1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder are sprayed;

Bud rot: occur at first tender shoots and tender leaf, tender shoots and tender leaf are susceptible, and by light green flavescence turn brown gradually, base portion rots, and sprout is caved in, and leaf spot lesion is the water stain shape of pitchy, can grow white mustiness thing, rear sagging, from base portion incline folding, dry up, come off; Disease continues to infect downwards subsequently, the blade do not infected around plant from inside to outside layer by layer sagging, come off, cane rots, and the foul smelling flavor sends, when serious, the whole strain folding that inclines is dead.Prevent and treat method: the rational application of fertilizer, not inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application, enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and the unsuitable overdrying that waters is excessively wet; Perform garden clearly, root out in time diseased plant and sick branch, concentrate and burn and buried in soil, rear use 10% bordeaux mixture or colloid sulphur sterilization wound, after the wound airing a few days with the mouth of sealing with wax; To not disease plant and branch, but rotation or alternately use 1% bordeaux mixture, or 400～600 times of liquid of 65% Zineb wettable powder, or 800～1000 times of liquid sprayings of 70 % fenaminosulf wetting powders; The control scale insect, reduce disease spread in time;

Root rot: mainly occur in root, the their early stage symptom is not obvious, and it is few, thin and delicate that plant is taken out the tip, and leaf is little and look light, tree vigo(u)r is poor, and along with the development of the state of an illness, blade starts to come off, basal part of stem grows the pathogen fruit body, plant conducting tissue generation pathology, and complete stool when serious that finally falls ill is wilted dead.Prevent and treat method: suitably shade summer, many illumination in winter, and temperature is controlled at more than 10 ℃; Spring and summer, spray per month the chemical fertilizer of 1 thin liquid fertilizer or 0.1% concentration; Perform garden clearly, root out in time the residual body of diseased plant; Find wound, carry out disinfection with Cosan or charcoal powder in time; Their early stage, but rotation or alternately with 1000～1200 times of liquid of 20% tolelofos-methyl missible oil, or 400～600 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder water;

Root-knot nematode: mainly occur in root, form the root knot differ in size, root knot is scattered, beads shape or assemble in heapsly, makes the root system enlargement, cuts the visible a large amount of tiny milky nematodes of root knot epidermis open; At the susceptible initial stage, the overground part Symptoms is not obvious, the blade pale green, and lobus cardiacus is thin out Huang and launching slowly gradually, like the hunger sign in plant shape; Serious susceptible new root is less, and root system occurs downright bad, and plant is short and small, grows weak, even wilts withered.Prevent and treat method: perform booth and greenhouse health, remove in time invalid, the residual branch of root; Enrich decomposed manure, use phreatic water or running water suitably to water, promote new root; The monitoring of selection root nematode population is arranged voluntarily, when reaching a thresholding, but rotation or, alternately with 1000～1200 times of liquid of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000～1500 times of liquid of 40% chlorpyrifos ec or 150～200 times of filling roots of gram line treasured, 10% Nemacur granule or the every basin 2～4g/ of 10% meter Le Er granule basin spread fertilizer over the fields;

Scale insect: adult, nymph all can endanger, and mainly are gathered in the position thorns such as petiole, axil or blade back and inhale juice, and the section of causing harm often can see the flocculence thing, and can secrete and bring out in a large number dark mildew; The plant strain growth of being injured is bad, and blade is yellow gradually, comes off ahead of time, and the serious plant that is injured is even withered dead.Prevent and treat method: strengthen rich water quality management, rationally execute azophoska and pour water, strengthen tree vigo(u)r, improve the plant insect resistance capacity; In conjunction with pruning, or cut off worm branch, worm leaf, concentrate and burn; Protection utilizes the natural enemies such as ladybug, Chrysopa, parasitic wasp, Japanese square toes first and Verticillium lecanii; Strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, the worm amount brushes polypide gently with soft brush when few, during the super thresholding of worm amount, but rotation or alternately with 3 ° of Be～5 ° Be lime sulfur, or 3%～5% diesel oil emulsion, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% inferior glue sulphur Emulphors oil, or 40% speed is slaughtered 1000～1200 times of liquid, 40% 1000～1500 times of chlorpyrifos ecs liquid spraying; Simultaneously, should note optimum period for applying fertilizer and method, in the nymph phase of just incubating, spray in time medicine, want even, thoughtful during the spray medicine, especially will note having sprayed blade back;

Mite class (two spotted spider mite): if become mite mite and young mite all can endanger, mainly assemble the branch tender position of children and blade tow sides thorn suction juice, cause harm with vacuum side of blade the heaviest, often can see a large amount of tiny spider silk screens; Killed branch, elongated and weak, jaundice is dried up; Killed blade, fragmentary canescence or lark fleck appear in the initial stage, along with passage of time, spot increases gradually, starts obviously to turn white, shrinkage or distortion; Killed plant, growth retardation, photosynthesis weakens, and full leaf is greyish white, sallow, a large amount of spike tops, fallen leaves occur, views and admires with economic worth and significantly reduces.Prevent and treat method: strengthen rich water quality management, unsuitable nitrogen fertilizer application, chemical fertilizer etc. partially, Reasonable is executed phosphorus potash fertilizer in good time, applying organic manure, arid season will water in good time; In conjunction with pruning, or cut off worm branch, worm leaf, concentrate and burn; Protection utilizes Predatory Mites, food mite ladybug, Chrysopa, thrips, flower stinkbug, worms to give birth to the natural enemies such as phycomycete, bud branch mould and white muscardine fungi at 6; Strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, but rotation or alternately with 1500～2000 times of liquid of 3.2% Avermectin during the super thresholding of worm amount, or 500～600 times of liquid of 2.5% nikkomycin wetting powder, or 1000～1500 times of liquid of 15% pyridaben missible oil, or 2000～2500 times of liquid of 73% propargite missible oil, or 5000～5500 times of liquid of 11% second mite azole suspending agent, or 5000～5500 times of liquid of 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent, or 5000～5500 times of liquid sprayings of 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent, the spray medicine requires even, thoughtful, especially will note having sprayed blade back;

Red plam weevil: adult and larva all can endanger, but that larva is caused harm is heavier; Adult lays eggs in the scar of plant stem, breach, crack; After piercing stem after the larva hatching, the inner conducting tissue of moth food, form tunnel, can make stem hollow or downright bad rotting, and the position that is injured can see that channel or black thick liquid ooze out; Yellow appears in the be injured blade of early stage tree crown surrounding of plant, and rear yellow is gradually to the expansion of tree crown center vane, and the plant growing way is weak, and downright bad rotting appears in later stage plant stem successively, very easily by wind, fractureed.Prevent and treat method: the dry branches and fallen leaves of clearing up in time in greenhouse, booth reduces the worm source; Adopt the frequency ventilating type light trap, sex hormone trapping adult, reduce insect density; Reduce stem is caused to a large amount of wounds as far as possible during pruning, reduce Adult worms producting eggs; Protection utilizes the natural enemies such as Steinernema Carpocapsae, heterorhabditis indica, parasitic wasp, parasitic fly, white muscardine fungi, green muscardine fungus and nucleopolyhedrosis virus; Spawning period, rotation or alternately with 2000～3000 times of liquid of 10% permethrin milk oil, or 1000～1500 times of liquid of 16% Chongxianqing EC, or 1000～1500 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC carry out whole strain spraying; Adult, larva are caused harm the Sheng phase, can be toward channel hole interior or the wide 5～10mm of oblique lower brill, dark 50～100mm above porus excretorius, inject 10% permethrin milk oil or 20 times of liquid～50 times liquid of 80% DDT EC of 2～10mL with syringe, or fill in 1/10～1 of 56% aluminum phosphide tablet (every heavily approximately 3.00 g), rear use 1% copper sulfate solution furnishing cement mortar closed orifices;

Brontispa longissima: adult and larva all can endanger; The happiness of this worm vertically takes food mesophyll tissue between the lobus cardiacus sliver do not launched, and stays, brown parallel with vein to dun long and narrow striped on leaf, and lobus cardiacus is the downright bad streak of large-scale brown after launching; The harm of trooping of several to tens of nymphs, adults is often arranged on a slice leaf, and killed blade is withered, browning, curling in early days, after whole leaf is withered, tattered gradually, the later stage plant withered and brown apical cap appear, tree vigo(u)r is weak, serious whole strain death.Prevent and treat method: keep greenhouse or booth clean; Planting density is suitable, keeps ventilation and penetrating light; The rational application of fertilizer, suitably applying organic manure and potash fertilizer; Remove in time the worm leaf, concentrate and destroy; Protection utilizes Ji chalcid fly, nibbles the natural enemies such as chalcid fly and green muscardine fungus; Strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, but rotation or alternately with 2500～3000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder during the super thresholding of worm amount, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 10% permethrin milk oil, or 2500～3500 times of liquid sprayings of 90% Methomyl soluble powder, mainly facing to lobus cardiacus, see while having liquid to flow down and stopping during the spray medicine;

Opogona sacchari: mainly endanger with larva; Larva, at plant lobus cardiacus or cane cortex damage, causes lobus cardiacus withered, and blade base is withered, and the cane cortex eats hollow, only is left the thin exocuticle of one deck when serious, and inside is full of the worm excrement; After plant is injured, spike top occurs, photosynthesis weakens, and growing way is weak, and stem rots.Prevent and treat method: make regular check on plant, divest in time the part of being injured, remove inner larva, pupa and worm excrement; Adopt the frequency ventilating type light trap, the trapping adult reduces the adult radix; Strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, but in the larval phase rotation or alternately with 2000～3000 times of liquid of 25% cream of decamethrin, or 2000～3000 times of liquid sprayings of 4.5% r; Larva survives the winter the phase of burying, but rotation or alternately with 800～1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos missible oil, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% Folithion emulsion, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 10% permethrin milk oil pour base portion;

Pouch moth: mainly endanger with larva; After larva hatching first on blade face or blade back sew into a conical pouch, stick on blade face, after hide and wherein take food blade; Low instar larvae is nibbled food mesophyll makes epidermis be speculum, and high instar larvae is stung the food blade and become to incise or hole, when serious, blade can be eaten up, and affects plant leaf photosynthesis.Prevent and treat method: strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, when early stage generating capacity is few, but manual removal worm bag is concentrated and is destroyed; Adopt the frequency ventilating type light trap, the trapping adult reduces the adult radix; Strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, larva is contained and sends out timely rotation of phase or alternately use rotenone: soap: water=1:1:200 times liquid, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos missible oil, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% Folithion emulsion, or 2000～3000 times of liquid sprayings of 10% permethrin milk oil;

Slug moth: mainly endanger with larva; Newly hatched larvae only takes food leaf epidermis, forms transparent duck eye, and along with the worm growth in age, appetite increases gradually, stings the food blade and becomes many holes, when serious, eats up blade, not only affects plant strain growth, even makes plant withered.Prevent and treat method: extract in time band worm branch, leaf, processed; Adopt the frequency ventilating type light trap, the trapping adult reduces the adult radix; Protect and utilize the natural enemies such as parasitic wasp, white muscardine fungi, bacillus thruingensis, nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, timely rotation of low instar larvae phase or alternately with 1500～2000 times of 50% malathion missible oil, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos crystal, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 4.5% r, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, or 1000～1500 times of liquid of the clear missible oil of worm more than 44%, or 1000～1500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% Folithion emulsion;

B. domestication: export first 1 month, booth or greenhouse temperature are controlled to 15～20 ℃, shade, export first 3 weeks and stop fertilising; Interim control fed water, and l～2 day stop watering before outlet;

6) check and sterilization

A. check: select anosis worm, without rotting, without yellow leaf, without dry branches and leaves, the potted plant madagascar palm of having tamed, nursery stock is placed between isolation, carry out further check: whether visualize strain shape is attractive in appearance, whether blade is dark green, bright, complete, whether the hat width is tight, and whether plant height, basin specification, the plant weight plant situation of taking root meet the requirements;

Visualize plant cane and blade have or not damage by disease and insect, and Equipment Inspection matrix and rhizome have or not nematode, the detection method of nematode: by the de-basin of plant, get basin bottom part matrix 10g and, with scissors clip plant root 10g, use plastic bag packaging, and labelled, take back indoor; Indoor by the glass funnel frame on brandreth, under connect the rubber tube of one section 10cm left and right, fill a spring clip on rubber tube, block rubber tube in order to avoid water flows out; Put filter paper in glass funnel, and fill clear water, water is flow in rubber tube; Weigh in the balance and get matrix and each 4g of madagascar palm root system, after the chopping root, bind up with gauze, be placed in the funnel that fills with clear water; After about 20h, open spring clip, with the culture dish of diameter 5cm, get the water sample of about 5ml in funnel bottom; Water sample is placed on the dissection Microscopic observation, sees if there is nematode and exists, and if any number, goes out the nematode number in culture dish;

Soilless substrate according to the requirement of importer check through sterilization, comprise the mixture etc. of expanded clay grain, cinder, coir, cork, glass fiber, organic or inorganic fiber, peat, perlite, phenolic resins, plastic pellet, polyethylene, starch stable polymerization body, polystyrene, polyurethanes, rock wool, peat Ji, Lauxite, macromolecule water uptake non-conductive fibre, plain vermiculite, volcanic rock, zeolite or the above-mentioned matrix of curing as the U.S. allows the medium of the potted plant use of import; Canada allows that the matrix of the potted plant use of import comprises charcoal, the coffee beanpod is broken, cocoa pod is broken, haydite, paper, peat, perlite, mica sheet, polyurethane sponge, mineral wool, foamed polyethylene, synthetic sponge, bog moss, vermiculite, cinder, volcanic ash etc.;

B. sterilization: plant control water before outlet; Export packing is that the matrix sterilization is carried out in 800～1000 times of liquid of 40% fenaminosulf wetting powder and 4000～5000 times of liquid fillings of 5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate thoroughly with mass fraction in first 7 days; Exporting first 1～2 day, is that stem stalk and the blade that 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% iprodione wetting powder+1500～2000 times of liquid of 5% azoles mite ketone missible oil spray potted plant madagascar palm carries out disinfection to plant with mass fraction, rear potting media is watered to sufficient water;

7) packing and transportation

A. pack: basin is wiped clean, extract yellow leaf, cured leaf, dry branch, use newspaper, the packing materials such as bagging bandage blade and the cane of the potted plant madagascar palm of every basin, the potted plant madagascar palm bandaged is vertical, neatly put into by the specifications of container fixation and through stifling and process, and cover in the wooden cabinet of stifling processing chapter, newspaper is sticked in the plank inboard, then seal wooden cabinet, post label, indicate botanical name on label, specification, rank, quantity, the place of production, the producer, with fork truck, wooden cabinet is packed into totally, pollution-free, and be provided with ventilating opening and can control the container of plant transport temperature, the temperature inside the box is set to 15 ℃, whole packing, vanning process, all in builder's temporary shed or packing shop carry out, handle with care, and avoid sunlight directly to shine,

B. transportation: before packed and transported, potted plant madagascar palm is carried out to fresh-keeping storing processing with the brassin lactones of 0.01mg/L or the fast cry of certain animals of 6-benzyl gland of 1.5 mg/L; During transportation, enforcement monitoring in real time, prevent because of long period transportation, causes the dead leaf of potted plant madagascar palm, rotten and necrosis.

Employing, with the processing method of the potted plant madagascar palm of upper outlet, reaches more than 95% the exporting rate of potted plant madagascar palm, and quarantine extermination of disease and insect pest effect reaches 100%.

The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations of doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. One kind the outlet potted plant madagascar palm processing method, it is characterized in that: to gathering and 7 export processing flow processs of selected, flushing and shaping, sterilization and airing, aglucon and upper dish, strong seedling and domestication, check and sterilization, packing and transportation are assembled, structure is applicable to export the processing method of potted plant madagascar palm, and its concrete steps are as follows:

   1) gather and selected

   A. gather: choose bag at planting area and plant a madagascar palm, carry out mark, in the situation that do not damage root system, will take off the earth that madagascar palm is with of bag or matrix and remove totally, the madagascar palm of gathering tiltedly is put in hard basket, transport the export processing place back;

   Described bag is planted madagascar palm and is answered root system good, and cane is smooth, healthy, well-balanced and solid, blade is complete, BG and not excessive growth, without scab, without insect, without dead leaf;

   B. selected: as in the export processing place, de-bag madagascar palm to be selected again, the plant selected is gently moved into to rinsing area;

   Described plant is: seedling age is in 2～3 years, high approximately 1.5～2.0 m and stalwartness, and 50～60 of every bag of total numbers of sheets, the not excessive growth of blade stalwartness, the leaf look dark green, anosis worm, the leaf tail is slightly sagging;

   2) flushing and shaping

   A. rinse: in cleaning machine, with Pressurizing water jet, free of contamination phreatic water or running water are not forced into and can cause damage to plant root and cauline leaf, sequentially rinse silt and other impurity on root system, cane and the blade of madagascar palm, plant after cleaning is sidelong gently in the blank hard basket of plastics, after draining the water, moves to shaping region;

   B. shaping: at clean shaping region, madagascar palm after cleaning neatly is well placed, and airing, choose except diminishing the plant that injures worm channel, with cutting off useless of every strain madagascar palm, being completely cured and rotten, wipe out sick branch leaf, yellow branches and leaves and deadwood leaf simultaneously, prune mouthful cane and keep smooth, according to plant height, leading thread and demand, carry out classification, every 50 cm plant heights, 3 cm leading threads are 1 specification, be sidelong gently respectively after classification in the blank hard frame of plastics, move to sterile zones;

   3) sterilization and airing

   A. sterilization: use and take mass fraction the same day and be hybridly prepared into 200 L thimerosals as 1500 times of liquid+mass fractions of 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion as 3000 times of liquid of 5% Avermectin soluble concentrate, get and prune the madagascar palm good with classification, root and 1/3 stem stalk section are put in thimerosal and soak 3～5 min, mention plant and be placed on a barrel face and drain the water after 1～2 min and gently move on to the airing district;

   B. airing: the madagascar palm after sterilization is laid in to airing on ventilation, printing opacity and clean airing layer frame successively by grade, and plant just can gently move to it upper basin zone during there are no water droplet;

   4) aglucon and upper basin

   A. aglucon: choose perlite, peat, 3 kinds of media of coconut palm chaff, with free of contamination phreatic water or the running water alkaline matter that perlite is too much, rinse well, getting 1 part of perlite+1 part peat+8 parts of coconut palm chaffs stirs, water supply in media is adjusted to and sees the dry wet condition of seeing, the matrix prepared is packed in disinfection cabinet or disinfect box, pass into steam with breather pipe, be heated to 70 ℃～100 ℃, airtight sterilization 30～60 min;

   B. go up basin: the madagascar palm plant of selecting ventilative, attractive in appearance basin tool and 3～5 strains to combine, first pad 2～3 cm matrix at the bottom of basin, again the plant combined is put in basin, add matrix from the basin edge, after the matrix compacting apart from basin cup face 1～2 cm, by the potted plant madagascar palm of having planted remove to the outlet potted plant greenhouse or canopy indoor, put neatly at interval;

   5) strong seedling and domestication

   A. strong seedling: after upper basin madagascar palm moves into Huo Peng chamber, greenhouse, with 400 times, lure the root agent of flooding to irrigate matrix immediately, the while sprays water to blade; The indoor temperature of potted plant greenhouse or canopy remains between 18 ℃～30 ℃, and humidity remains between 70%～80%; Plant after 3～5 days and spray 600～800 times of microbial bacterial agent Tylenol Te Like, afterwards every spray in 10 days 1 time; First 20 days of long new root, spend intact 6～8 times every day to 5000 times of liquid 30-10-10+TE full water soluble fertilizers of blade spraying; After long root, the part shading, carry out full exposure after 1 month, and spray water 2～3 time to blade with spraying facility every day, sees dry wet the getting final product of seeing; Take the thin cake fertilizer water become thoroughly decomposed or mass fraction alternately uses as 0.3% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution, every fertilising in 1～2 week 1 time, and is 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in conjunction with spraying mass fraction, matrix fertilising and spray foliage fertilizer and answer interval 7 days; Reduce fertilizer application frequency winter or stop fertilising; Wipe out in time disease worm leaf, withered and yellow leaf and tear leaf, blade tip occurs when withered and yellow because of drying, the blade tip of only having one's hair trimmed; Cut thin and weak, the sick worm of plant, the branch such as withered, overstocked winter; Winter, booth and greenhouse needed cover film, and the madagascar palm temperature of surviving the winter is remained on more than 10 ℃;

   B. domestication: export first 1 month, booth or greenhouse temperature are controlled to 15～20 ℃, shade, export first 3 weeks and stop fertilising; Interim control fed water, and l～2 day stop watering before outlet;

   6) check and sterilization

   A. check: select anosis worm, without rotting, without yellow leaf, without dry branches and leaves, the potted plant madagascar palm of having tamed, nursery stock is placed between isolation, carry out further check: whether visualize strain shape is attractive in appearance, whether blade is dark green, bright, complete, whether the hat width is tight, and whether plant height, basin specification, the plant weight plant situation of taking root meet the requirements; Visualize plant cane and blade have or not damage by disease and insect, and Equipment Inspection matrix and rhizome have or not nematode; The soilless substrate of requirement check through sterilizing according to importer;

   B. sterilization: plant control water before outlet; Export packing is that 800～1000 times of liquid of 40% fenaminosulf wetting powder and mass fraction are that the matrix sterilization is carried out in 4000～5000 times of liquid fillings of 5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate thoroughly with mass fraction in first 7 days; Exporting first 1～2 day, is that 800～1000 times of liquid+mass fractions of 50% iprodione wetting powder are that stem stalk and the blade that 1500～2000 times of liquid of 5% azoles mite ketone missible oil spray potted plant madagascar palm carries out disinfection to plant with mass fraction, rear potting media is watered to sufficient water;

   7) packing and transportation

   A. pack: basin is wiped clean, extract yellow leaf, cured leaf, dry branch, use newspaper, the packing materials such as bagging bandage blade and the cane of the potted plant madagascar palm of every basin, the potted plant madagascar palm bandaged is vertical, neatly put into by the specifications of container fixation and through stifling and process, and cover in the wooden cabinet of stifling processing chapter, newspaper is sticked in the plank inboard, then seal wooden cabinet, post label, indicate botanical name on label, specification, rank, quantity, the place of production, the producer, with fork truck, wooden cabinet is packed into totally, pollution-free, and be provided with ventilating opening and can control the container of plant transport temperature, the temperature inside the box is set to 15 ± 1 ℃, whole packing, vanning process, all should be in builder's temporary shed or packing shop carry out, handle with care, and avoid sunlight directly to shine,

   B. transportation: before packed and transported, potted plant madagascar palm is carried out to fresh-keeping storing processing with the brassin lactones of 0.01mg/L or the fast cry of certain animals of 6-benzyl gland of 1.5 mg/L; During transportation, enforcement monitoring in real time, prevent because of long period transportation, causes the dead leaf of potted plant madagascar palm, rotten and necrosis.