CN103477861B - Method for processing export potted chrysalidocarpus lutescens - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for processing export potted chrysalidocarpus lutescens. The method comprises a series of steps of harvesting and selecting, washing and reshaping, sterilizing and drying, preparing culture medium and filling pot, strengthening seedling and acclimatizing, checking and sterilizing and packaging and transporting. The method provided by the invention can be used for enabling the potted chrysalidocarpus lutescens to meet the export quarantine requirements to a greater degree and improving the product quality and export volume and has great significance for improving the ornamental and economic values of the potted chrysalidocarpus lutescens, promoting the standard production and export of the potted chrysalidocarpus lutescens and effectively avoiding the technical barriers to trade set by import countries.

Description

A kind of processing method that exports potted plant madagascar palm

Technical field

The invention belongs to ornamental horticulture field, be specifically related to a kind of processing method that exports potted plant madagascar palm.

Background technology

Fujian Province is the main province of national pot flowers outlet, and pot flowers total export in 2012, up to 4671.2 ten thousand dollars, ranks first in the country.In recent years, for evading export market risk, the whole province is when holding traditional potted plant outlets such as ginseng banyan, golden-rimmed sansevieria trifasciata, state orchid, the outlet dynamics of strengthened the indoor sight leaves such as potted plant madagascar palm, cutting leaf plant, therefore potted plant madagascar palm has obtained good export growth, and product has been found a good sale in a plurality of countries and regions such as Korea S, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, Holland.

Madagascar palm palmae chrysalidocarpus lutescentswendl. having another name called yellow coconut, fernleaf hedge bamboo etc., for growing thickly evergreen shrubs or dungarunga, originate in African Madagascar, is to cultivate in the world one of most widely used babassu.Its plant type is graceful, graceful whirling, blade is merrily and lightheartedly elegant, evergreen all the year round, stem is golden yellow subsidiary bold, be a kind of senior indoor sight leaf, cut leaf plant, also can plant in Around Buildings, square, park, road, roof top garden etc. simultaneously, welcome by user at home and abroad, there is higher viewing and admiring and economic worth.

At present, the madagascar palm of domestic production is mainly in field breeding, and cultivation sandy soil medium, makes the organisms such as its portable germ, worm, weeds, causes not meeting external directly exported standard.And many countries such as the U.S., Japan, Australia and European Union are for controlling exotic disease insect pest invasion, all forbid the import of ball-plant.After the madagascar palm processing of domestic production is at present cleaned, can only take bareroot seedling or again plant rear outlet as main matrix with coconut palm chaff, owing to lacking the export processing method of safety, potted plant madagascar palm stable, that effectively turn round, the outlet of potted plant madagascar palm is repeatedly suffered importer's return of goods, is destroyed or detain for a long time, and to pot flowers, outlet has caused harmful effect.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing method that exports potted plant madagascar palm, the method production application effect is better, can make potted plant madagascar palm meet to a greater degree export quarantine requirement, improve product quality and export volume, to promoting viewing and admiring and economic worth of potted plant madagascar palm, promote standardized production and the outlet of potted plant madagascar palm, the Trade technique barrier of effectively evading importer's setting is significant.

For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of processing method that exports potted plant madagascar palm, to gathering and 7 export processing flow processs of selected, flushing and shaping, sterilization and airing, aglucon and upper dish, strong seedling and domestication, check and sterilization, packing and transportation are assembled, structure is applicable to the processing method of potted plant madagascar palm outlet, and its concrete steps are as follows:

1) gather and selected

A. gather: at planting area, according to outlet specification requirement and demand, choose bag cultivation madagascar palm, carry out mark, in the situation that not damaging root system, the earth that madagascar palm is with of de-bag or matrix are removed clean, the madagascar palm of gathering is tiltedly put in hard basket, transports export processing place back, during transportation, keep plant fresh and alive, there is life, not dehydration;

Described bag is planted a madagascar palm and is answered root system good, and cane is smooth, healthy, well-balanced and solid, blade is complete, BG and not excessive growth, without scab, without insect, without dead leaf;

B. selected: in export processing place, de-bag madagascar palm is selected again, selected the plant that meets outgoing quality requirement, particularly the plant of high-quality moulding, gently moves into rinsing area by the plant selecting;

Described plant is: seedling age is in 2～3 years, high approximately 1.5～2.0 m and stalwartnesses, and 50～60 of every bag of total numbers of sheets, the not excessive growth of blade stalwartness, leaf look dark green, anosis worm, leaf tail is slightly sagging;

2) flushing and shaping

A. rinse: in cleaning machine, with Pressurizing water jet, free of contamination phreatic water or running water are not forced into and can cause damage to plant root and cauline leaf, sequentially rinse root system, cane and the blade of madagascar palm, root system after cleaning and cauline leaf are without silt, machinery wound and other impurity, clean plant is sidelong gently in the blank hard basket of plastics, after draining the water, move to shaping region

B. shaping: in clean shaping region, madagascar palm after cleaning is neatly well placed, and airing, choose the plant apart from damage and hole (worm channel), with scissors, cut off useless of every strain madagascar palm, particularly be completely cured and rotten, wipe out sick branch leaf, yellow branches and leaves and deadwood leaf simultaneously, prune mouthful cane and keep smooth; According to plant height, leading thread and demand, carry out classification, every 50 cm plant heights, 3 cm leading threads are 1 specification, are sidelong gently respectively after classification in the blank hard frame of plastics, move to sterile zones;

3) sterilization and airing

A. sterilization: use and take mass fraction the same day and be hybridly prepared into 200 L thimerosals as 1500 times of liquid+mass fractions of 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion as 3000 times of liquid of 5% Avermectin soluble concentrate, get and prune the madagascar palm good with classification, root and 1/3 stem stalk portion are put in thimerosal and soak 3～5 min, mention plant and be placed on a barrel face and drain the water after 1～2 min and gently move on to airing district;

B. airing: the madagascar palm after sterilization is laid in to airing on ventilation, printing opacity and clean airing layer frame successively by grade, plant is advisable with individual plant, not overlapping stacking, particularly individual plant branches and leaves are not stacking too thick each other, and plant just can gently move to it upper basin region during there are no water droplet;

4) aglucon and upper basin

A. aglucon: choose perlite, peat, 3 kinds of suitable madagascar palms growths of coconut palm chaff and meet the medium of importer's quarantine requests such as the U.S., Canada, Japan, Australia and European Union, with free of contamination phreatic water or running water, the too much alkaline matter of perlite is rinsed well, getting part peat+8, a 1 part of perlite+1 part coconut palm chaff stirs, water supply in media is adjusted to and sees the dry wet condition of seeing, the matrix preparing is packed in disinfection cabinet or disinfect box, with breather pipe, pass into steam, be heated to 70 ℃～100 ℃, airtight sterilization 30～60 min;

B. go up basin: the madagascar palm plant of selecting ventilative, attractive in appearance basin tool and 3～5 strains to combine, at the bottom of basin, first pad 2～3 cm matrix, again the plant combining is put in basin, adjust each plant direction, from basin edge, add matrix, distance basin cup face 1～2 cm after matrix compacting, makes whole upright, center and handsome in appearance, by the potted plant madagascar palm of having planted remove to outlet potted plant greenhouse or canopy indoor, put neatly at interval;

5) strong seedling and domestication

A. be good for seedling:

Upper basin madagascar palm moves into behind Huo Peng chamber, greenhouse, lures the root agent of flooding to irrigate matrix immediately with 400 times, and to blade water spray, maintenance blade is moistening simultaneously; The indoor temperature of potted plant greenhouse or canopy remains between 18 ℃～30 ℃, and humidity remains between 70%～80%; Plant after 3～5 days and spray 600～800 times of microbial bacterial agent Tylenol Te Like, afterwards every spray in 10 days 1 time; First 20 days of long new root, spend intact 6～8 times every day to 5000 times of liquid 30-10-10+TE full water soluble fertilizers of blade spraying; After long root, part shading, carries out full exposure after 1 month, every day with spraying facility to blade water spray 2～3 times, see dry see wet, to keep the moistening and raising air humidity of blade; Take the thin cake fertilizer water becoming thoroughly decomposed or mass fraction alternately uses as 0.3% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution, every fertilising in 1～2 week 1 time, and be 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in conjunction with spraying mass fraction, to promote plant vigorous growth and leaf look dark green, matrix is applied fertilizer and is sprayed foliage fertilizer and answers interval 7 days, in order to avoid fertilizer damage occurs; Reduce fertilizer application frequency winter or stop fertilising; Wipe out in time disease worm leaf, withered and yellow leaf and tear leaf, blade tip occurs when withered and yellow because of dry, the blade tip of only having one's hair trimmed; Cut thin and weak, the sick worm of plant, the branch such as withered, overstocked winter; Winter, booth and greenhouse needed cover film, and the madagascar palm temperature of surviving the winter is remained on more than 10 ℃; To damage by disease and insect prevention and control, the method for preventing and treating of choose reasonable agricultural, physics, biology, chemistry optionally;

B. domestication: export first 1 month, booth or greenhouse temperature are controlled to 15～20 ℃, shade, export first 3 weeks and stop fertilising; Interim control fed water, and l～2 day stop watering before outlet;

6) check and sterilization

A. check: select anosis worm, without rotting, without yellow leaf, without dry branches and leaves, the potted plant madagascar palm of having tamed, nursery stock is placed between isolation, carry out further check: whether visualize strain shape is attractive in appearance, whether blade is dark green, bright, complete, whether hat width is tight, and whether plant height, basin specification, the plant weight plant situation of taking root meet the requirements; Visualize plant cane and blade have or not damage by disease and insect, and Equipment Inspection matrix and rhizome have or not nematode; Soilless substrate according to the requirement check of importer through sterilization;

B. sterilization: plant control water before outlet; Export packing is that matrix sterilization is carried out in 800～1000 times of liquid of 40% fenaminosulf wetting powder and 4000～5000 times of liquid fillings of 5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate thoroughly with mass fraction in first 7 days; Exporting first 1～2 day, is that stem stalk and the blade that 1500～2000 times of liquid of 800～1000 times of liquid+5% azoles mite ketone missible oil of 50% iprodione wetting powder spray potted plant madagascar palm carries out disinfection to plant with mass fraction, rear potting media is watered to sufficient water;

7) packing and transportation

A. pack: basin is wiped clean, extract yellow leaf, cured leaf, dry branch, with newspaper, the packing materials such as bagging bandage blade and the cane of the potted plant madagascar palm of every basin, the potted plant madagascar palm bandaging is vertical, neatly put into by specifications of container fixation and through stifling and process, and cover in the wooden cabinet of stifling processing chapter, newspaper is sticked in plank inner side, then seal wooden cabinet, post label, on label, indicate botanical name, specification, rank, quantity, the place of production, the producer, with fork truck, wooden cabinet is packed into totally, pollution-free, and be provided with ventilating opening and can control the container of plant transport temperature, the temperature inside the box is set to 15 ± 1 ℃, whole packing, vanning process, all should be in builder's temporary shed or packing shop carry out, handle with care, and avoid sunlight directly to shine,

B. transportation: before packed and transported, potted plant madagascar palm is carried out to fresh-keeping storing processing with the brassin lactones of 0.01mg/L or the fast cry of certain animals of 6-benzyl gland of 1.5 mg/L; During transportation, implement monitoring in real time, prevent because of long period transportation, cause potted plant madagascar palm dead leaf, rot and downright bad.

remarkable result of the present invention is:

(1), a kind of method of operating of standardization is provided for exporting the processing of potted plant madagascar palm;

(2), reduced medication number of times and residue of pesticide, improved the ecotope of potted plant madagascar palm export base, increased Natural Enemies and the quantity of madagascar palm damage by disease and insect, promoted the benign cycle of ecology regulation and control;

(3), can make the commodity rate that exports potted plant madagascar palm reach more than 95%, quarantine extermination of disease and insect pest effect reaches 100%, the new profit is more than 20%, economic benefit is very remarkable;

(4), promoted flower-grower to potted plant madagascar palm export processing operation consciousness and standardized level, potted plant madagascar palm quality and export volume have been improved, promoted enterprise and flower-grower's increasing both production and income, further promoted health and the sustainable development of this industry, social benefit is outstanding.

Embodiment

A kind of processing method that exports potted plant madagascar palm, to gathering and 7 export processing flow processs of selected, flushing and shaping, sterilization and airing, aglucon and upper dish, strong seedling and domestication, check and sterilization, packing and transportation are assembled, structure is applicable to export the processing method of potted plant madagascar palm, and its concrete steps are as follows

1) gather and selected

A. gather: at planting area, choose root system good, cane is smooth, healthy, well-balanced and solid, blade is complete, BG and not excessive growth, without scab, without insect, plant madagascar palm without the bag of dead leaf, carry out mark, in the situation that not damaging root system, the earth that madagascar palm is with of de-bag or matrix are removed clean, the madagascar palm of gathering is tiltedly put in hard basket, transports export processing place back, during transportation, keep plant fresh and alive, there is life, not dehydration;

B. selected: in export processing place, to seedling age in 2～3 years, high approximately 1.5～2.0 m and stalwartnesses, 50～60 of every bag of total numbers of sheets, the not excessive growth of blade stalwartness, leaf look dark green, anosis worm, the slightly sagging de-bag madagascar palm of leaf tail is selected again, and the plant selecting is gently moved into rinsing area;

2) flushing and shaping

A. rinse: in cleaning machine, with Pressurizing water jet, free of contamination phreatic water or running water are not forced into and can cause damage to plant root and cauline leaf, sequentially rinse root system, cane and the blade of madagascar palm, root system after cleaning and cauline leaf are without silt, machinery wound and other impurity, clean plant is sidelong gently in the blank hard basket of plastics, after draining the water, move to shaping region

B. shaping: in clean shaping region, madagascar palm after cleaning is neatly well placed, and airing, choose the plant apart from damage and hole (worm channel), with scissors, cut off useless of every strain madagascar palm, particularly be completely cured and rotten, wipe out sick branch leaf, yellow branches and leaves and deadwood leaf simultaneously, prune mouthful cane and keep smooth; According to plant height, leading thread and demand, carry out classification, every 50 cm plant heights, 3 cm leading threads are 1 specification, are sidelong gently respectively after classification in the blank hard frame of plastics, move to sterile zones;

3) sterilization and airing

A. sterilization: use and take mass fraction the same day and be hybridly prepared into 200 L thimerosals as 1500 times of liquid+mass fractions of 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion as 3000 times of liquid of 5% Avermectin soluble concentrate, get and prune the madagascar palm good with classification, root and 1/3 stem stalk portion are put in thimerosal and soak 3～5 min, mention plant and be placed on a barrel face and drain the water after 1～2 min and gently move on to airing district;

B. airing: the madagascar palm after sterilization is laid in to airing on ventilation, printing opacity and clean airing layer frame successively by grade, plant is advisable with individual plant, not overlapping stacking, particularly individual plant branches and leaves are not stacking too thick each other, and plant just can gently move to it upper basin region during there are no water droplet;

4) aglucon and upper basin

A. aglucon: choose perlite, peat, 3 kinds of suitable madagascar palms growths of coconut palm chaff and meet the medium of importer's quarantine requests such as the U.S., Canada, Japan, Australia and European Union, with free of contamination phreatic water or running water, the too much alkaline matter of perlite is rinsed well, getting part peat+8, a 1 part of perlite+1 part coconut palm chaff stirs, water supply in media is adjusted to and sees the dry wet condition of seeing, the matrix preparing is packed in disinfection cabinet or disinfect box, with breather pipe, pass into steam, be heated to 70 ℃～100 ℃, airtight sterilization 30～60 min;

B. go up basin: the madagascar palm plant of selecting ventilative, attractive in appearance basin tool and 3～5 strains to combine, at the bottom of basin, first pad 2～3 cm matrix, again the plant combining is put in basin, adjust each plant direction, from basin edge, add matrix, distance basin cup face 1～2 cm after matrix compacting, makes whole upright, center and handsome in appearance, by the potted plant madagascar palm of having planted remove to outlet potted plant greenhouse or canopy indoor, put neatly at interval;

5) strong seedling and domestication

A. be good for seedling:

Upper basin madagascar palm moves into behind Huo Peng chamber, greenhouse, lures the root agent of flooding to irrigate matrix immediately with 400 times, and to blade water spray, maintenance blade is moistening simultaneously; The indoor temperature of potted plant greenhouse or canopy remains between 18 ℃～30 ℃, and humidity remains between 70%～80%; Plant after 3～5 days and spray 600～800 times of microbial bacterial agent Tylenol Te Like, afterwards every spray in 10 days 1 time; First 20 days of long new root, spend intact 6～8 times every day to 5000 times of liquid 30-10-10+TE full water soluble fertilizers of blade spraying; After long root, part shading, carries out full exposure after 1 month, every day with spraying facility to blade water spray 2～3 times, see dry see wet, to keep the moistening and raising air humidity of blade; Take the thin cake fertilizer water becoming thoroughly decomposed or mass fraction alternately uses as 0.3% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution, every fertilising in 1～2 week 1 time, and be 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in conjunction with spraying mass fraction, to promote plant vigorous growth and leaf look dark green, matrix is applied fertilizer and is sprayed foliage fertilizer and answers interval 7 days; Wipe out in time disease worm leaf, withered and yellow leaf and tear leaf, blade tip occurs when withered and yellow because of dry, the blade tip of only having one's hair trimmed; Cut thin and weak, the sick worm of plant, the branch such as withered, overstocked winter; To damage by disease and insect prevention and control, the method for preventing and treating of choose reasonable agricultural, physics, biology, chemistry optionally:

Leaf spot: mainly occur in blade tip and leaf margin, there is brown yellow fleck or canescence streak in their early stage blade, rear fleck or streak expand and are connected to the large spot of irregular necrosis gradually, scab edge have dark strokes around, there is the scattered oval pore in scab position in the later stage; Fall ill when serious, blade is withered crispaturas half, and shape, as burnt, causes plant dead, loses and views and admires and economic worth.Prevent and treat method: between seedling stage, will suitably shade, not inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer, perform garden clearly, remove in time the residual body of diseased plant, concentrate and to burn and buried in soil, premorbid, sprays 1% bordeaux mixture, their early stage, extract in time sick leaf, avoid drenching with rain and spraying, rotation or alternately can 450～600 times of liquid of bacterium pellet wetting powder with 50%, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl Wettable Powder, or 500～700 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, or 900～1000 times of liquid of 50% sporgon Wettable Powder, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn Wettable Powder, or 600～800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 1200～1500 times of liquid of 45% probenazole suspending agent, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% asomate wetting powder, or 500～600 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet wetting powder, or the whole strain spraying of 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate-methyl-sulphur suspends,

Epidemic disease: mainly occur in stem, bud and leaf portion, after stem and bud portion are injured, site of pathological change is taupe, withered, frangibility; After leaf portion is injured, base portion produces water stain shape scab, causes fallen leaves.Prevent and treat method: strengthen cultivation management, adopt drip irrigation or infiltrating irrigation to pour water in right amount, unsuitable flood irrigation; Unsuitable dense planting, keeps aeration-cooling; Perform garden clearly, remove in time the residual body of diseased plant, concentrate and to burn and buried in soil; Premorbid, carries out whole strain spraying or pouring plant matrix with 1% bordeaux mixture or 0.1～0.2% copper sulfate solution; Their early stage, wipes out disease branch, sick bud and sick leaf in time, and rotation or alternately with 500～800 times of liquid of 5% metalaxyl wetting powder, or the whole strain spraying of 500～700 times of liquid of 80% aliette wetting powder or water plant matrix;

Anthracnose: mainly occur in blade tip and leaf margin, their early stage scab is rounded, semicircle or irregular shape, protuberance slightly, yellowish-brown is to brown or pitchy, and there is yellow circle at edge; The scattered black point of later stage scab, matter is crisp easily breaks, and can make blade perforation.Prevent and treat method: strengthen water and fertilizer management, not inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer; Perform garden clearly, remove in time the residual body of diseased plant, concentrate and to burn and buried in soil; Their early stage, remove in time sick leaf, and rotation or alternately or 8% gram charcoal clever dust agent stifling with 45% chlorothalonil smoke dust, also can rotation or alternately with 500～600 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder or the whole strain of 800～1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder are sprayed;

Bud rot: occur at first tender shoots and tender leaf, tender shoots and tender leaf are susceptible, and base portion rots by light green flavescence turn brown gradually, and sprout is caved in, and leaf spot lesion is the water stain shape of pitchy, can grow white mustiness thing, rear sagging, from base portion incline folding, dry up, come off; Disease continues to infect downwards subsequently, the blade that plant does not around infect from inside to outside layer by layer sagging, come off, cane rots, and foul smelling taste sends, when serious, the whole strain folding that inclines is dead.Prevent and treat method: the rational application of fertilizer, not inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and the unsuitable overdrying that waters is excessively wet; Perform garden clearly, root out in time diseased plant and sick branch, concentrate and burn and buried in soil, rear use 10% bordeaux mixture or colloid sulphur sterilization wound, after the wound airing a few days with the mouth of sealing with wax; To not disease plant and branch, can rotation or alternately use 1% bordeaux mixture, or 400～600 times of liquid of 65% Zineb wettable powder, or 800～1000 times of liquid sprayings of 70 % fenaminosulf wetting powders; Control scale insect, reduces disease spread in time;

Root rot: mainly occur in root, their early stage symptom is not obvious, and it is few, thin and delicate that plant is taken out the tip, leaf is little and look light, tree vigo(u)r is poor, and along with the development of the state of an illness, blade starts to come off, basal part of stem grows pathogen fruit body, plant conducting tissue generation pathology, and complete stool when serious that finally falls ill is wilted dead.Prevent and treat method: suitably shade summer, many illumination in winter, temperature is controlled at more than 10 ℃; Spring and summer, monthly spray the chemical fertilizer of 1 thin liquid fertilizer or 0.1% concentration; Perform garden clearly, root out in time the residual body of diseased plant; Find wound, with Cosan or charcoal powder, carry out disinfection in time; Their early stage, can rotation or alternately with 1000～1200 times of liquid of 20% tolelofos-methyl missible oil, or 400～600 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder water;

Root-knot nematode: mainly occur in root, form the root knot differ in size, root knot is scattered, beads shape or assemble in heapsly, makes root system enlargement, cuts the visible a large amount of tiny milky nematodes of root knot epidermis open; At the susceptible initial stage, overground part Symptoms is not obvious, blade pale green, and lobus cardiacus is thin out Huang and launching slowly gradually, like hunger sign in plant shape; Serious susceptible new root is less, and root system occurs downright bad, and plant is short and small, grows weak, even wilts withered.Prevent and treat method: perform booth and greenhouse health, remove in time invalid, the residual branch of root; Enrich decomposed manure, use phreatic water or running water suitably to water, promote new root; There is voluntarily the monitoring of selection root nematode population, when reaching a thresholding, can rotation or alternately with 1000～1200 times of liquid of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000～1500 times of liquid of 40% chlorpyrifos ec or 150～200 times of filling roots of gram line treasured, 10% Nemacur granule or the every basin 2～4g/ of 10% meter Le Er granule basin spread fertilizer over the fields;

Scale insect: adult, nymph all can endanger, is mainly gathered in the position thorns such as petiole, axil or blade back and inhales juice, and the portion of causing harm often can see flocculence thing, and can secrete and bring out in a large number dark mildew; The plant strain growth of being injured is bad, and blade is yellow gradually, comes off ahead of time, and the serious plant that is injured is even withered dead.Prevent and treat method: strengthen rich water quality management, rationally execute azophoska and pour water, strengthen tree vigo(u)r, improve plant insect resistance capacity; In conjunction with pruning, or cut off worm branch, worm leaf, concentrate and burn; Protection utilizes the natural enemies such as ladybug, Chrysopa, parasitic wasp, Japanese square toes first and Verticillium lecanii; Strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, worm amount brushes polypide gently with soft brush when few, during the super thresholding of worm amount, can rotation or alternately with 3 ° of Be～5 ° Be lime sulfur, or 3%～5% diesel oil emulsion, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% sub-glue sulphur Emulphors oil, or 40% speed is slaughtered 1000～1200 times of liquid, 40% 1000～1500 times of chlorpyrifos ecs liquid spraying; Meanwhile, should note optimum period for applying fertilizer and method, in the nymph phase of just incubating, spray in time medicine, during spray medicine, want even, thoughtful, especially will note having sprayed blade back;

Mite class (two spotted spider mite): if become mite mite and young mite all can endanger, mainly assemble the branch tender position of children and blade tow sides thorn suction juice, cause harm with vacuum side of blade the heaviest, often can see a large amount of tiny spider silk screens; Killed branch, elongated and weak, jaundice is dried up; Killed blade, there is fragmentary canescence or lark fleck in the initial stage, along with passage of time, spot increases gradually, starts obviously to turn white, shrinkage or distortion; Killed plant, growth retardation, photosynthesis weakens, and full leaf is greyish white, sallow, occurs a large amount of spike tops, fallen leaves, views and admires with economic worth and significantly reduces.Prevent and treat method: strengthen rich water quality management, unsuitable nitrogen fertilizer application, chemical fertilizer etc. partially, Reasonable is executed phosphorus potash fertilizer in good time, applying organic manure, arid season will water in good time; In conjunction with pruning, or cut off worm branch, worm leaf, concentrate and burn; Protection utilizes Predatory Mites, food mite ladybug, Chrysopa, thrips, colored stinkbug, worms to give birth to the natural enemies such as phycomycete, bud branch mould and white muscardine fungi at 6; Strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, can rotation during the super thresholding of worm amount or alternately with 1500～2000 times of liquid of 3.2% Avermectin, or 500～600 times of liquid of 2.5% nikkomycin wetting powder, or 1000～1500 times of liquid of 15% pyridaben missible oil, or 2000～2500 times of liquid of 73% propargite missible oil, or 5000～5500 times of liquid of 11% second mite azole suspending agent, or 5000～5500 times of liquid of 24% spiral shell worm ethyl ester suspending agent, or 5000～5500 times of liquid sprayings of 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent, spray medicine requires even, thoughtful, especially will note having sprayed blade back;

Red plam weevil: adult and larva all can endanger, but that larva is caused harm is heavier; Adult lays eggs in the scar of plant stem, breach, crack; After larva hatching, pierce after stem, the inner conducting tissue of moth food, forms tunnel, can make stem hollow or downright bad rotting, and the position that is injured can see that channel or black thick liquid ooze out; There is yellow in the be injured blade of early stage tree crown surrounding of plant, rear yellow is gradually to the expansion of tree crown center vane, and plant growing way is weak, and downright bad rotting appears in later stage plant stem successively, very easily by wind, fractureed.Prevent and treat method: the dry branches and fallen leaves of clearing up in time in greenhouse, booth reduces worm source; Adopt frequency ventilating type light trap, sex hormone trapping adult, reduces insect density; During pruning, reduce stem is caused to a large amount of wounds as far as possible, reduce Adult worms producting eggs; Protection utilizes the natural enemies such as Steinernema Carpocapsae, heterorhabditis indica, parasitic wasp, parasitic fly, white muscardine fungi, green muscardine fungus and nucleopolyhedrosis virus; Spawning period, rotation or alternately with 2000～3000 times of liquid of 10% permethrin milk oil, or 1000～1500 times of liquid of 16% Chongxianqing EC, or 1000～1500 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC carry out whole strain spraying; Adult, larva are caused harm the Sheng phase, can be toward channel hole interior or the wide 5～10mm of oblique lower brill, dark 50～100mm above porus excretorius, with syringe, inject 10% permethrin milk oil or 20 times of liquid～50 times liquid of 80% DDT EC of 2～10mL, or fill in 1/10～1 of 56% aluminum phosphide tablet (every heavily approximately 3.00 g), rear use 1% copper sulfate solution furnishing cement mortar closed orifices;

Brontispa longissima: adult and larva all can endanger; The happiness of this worm longitudinally takes food mesophyll tissue between the lobus cardiacus sliver not launching, and leaves, brown parallel with vein to dun long and narrow striped on leaf, and lobus cardiacus is the downright bad streak of large-scale brown after launching; On a slice leaf, often have the harm of trooping of several to tens of nymphs, adults, killed blade is withered, browning, curling in early days, after whole leaf is withered, tattered gradually, the later stage plant there is withered and brown apical cap, tree vigo(u)r is weak, serious whole strain is dead.Prevent and treat method: keep greenhouse or booth clean; Planting density is suitable, keeps ventilation and penetrating light; The rational application of fertilizer, suitably applying organic manure and potash fertilizer; Remove in time worm leaf, concentrate and destroy; Protection utilizes Ji chalcid fly, nibbles the natural enemies such as chalcid fly and green muscardine fungus; Strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, can rotation during the super thresholding of worm amount or alternately with 2500～3000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 10% permethrin milk oil, or 2500～3500 times of liquid sprayings of 90% Methomyl soluble powder, during spray medicine, mainly facing to lobus cardiacus, see while having liquid to flow down and stopping;

Opogona sacchari: mainly endanger with larva; Larva, at plant lobus cardiacus or cane cortex damage, causes lobus cardiacus withered, and blade base is withered, and cane cortex eats hollow, is only left the thin exocuticle of one deck when serious, and inside is full of worm excrement; After plant is injured, occur spike top, photosynthesis weakens, and growing way is weak, and stem rots.Prevent and treat method: make regular check on plant, divest in time the part of being injured, remove inner larva, pupa and worm excrement; Adopt frequency ventilating type light trap, trapping adult reduces adult radix; Strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, can rotation or alternately with 2000～3000 times of liquid of 25% cream of decamethrin in larval phase, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 4.5% r are sprayed; Larva survives the winter the phase of burying, can rotation or alternately with 800～1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos missible oil, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% Folithion emulsion, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 10% permethrin milk oil pour base portion;

Pouch moth: mainly endanger with larva; After larva hatching first on blade face or blade back sew into a conical pouch, stick on blade face, after hide and wherein take food blade; Low instar larvae is nibbled food mesophyll makes epidermis be speculum, and high instar larvae is stung food blade and become to incise or hole, when serious, blade can be eaten up, and affects plant leaf photosynthesis.Prevent and treat method: strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, when early stage generating capacity is few, can manual removal worm bag, concentrate and destroy; Adopt frequency ventilating type light trap, trapping adult reduces adult radix; Strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, larva is contained and sends out timely rotation of phase or alternately use rotenone: soap: water=1:1:200 times liquid, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos missible oil, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% Folithion emulsion, or 2000～3000 times of liquid sprayings of 10% permethrin milk oil;

Slug moth: mainly endanger with larva; Newly hatched larvae only takes food leaf epidermis, forms transparent duck eye, and along with the worm growth in age, appetite increases gradually, stings food blade and becomes many holes, when serious, eats up blade, not only affects plant strain growth, even makes plant withered.Prevent and treat method: extract in time band worm branch, leaf, processed; Adopt frequency ventilating type light trap, trapping adult reduces adult radix; Protect and utilize the natural enemies such as parasitic wasp, white muscardine fungi, bacillus thruingensis, nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Strengthen Insect infestation monitoring, timely rotation of low instar larvae phase or alternately with 1500～2000 times of 50% malathion missible oil, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos crystal, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 4.5% r, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, or 1000～1500 times of liquid of the clear missible oil of worm more than 44%, or 1000～1500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% Folithion emulsion;

B. domestication: export first 1 month, booth or greenhouse temperature are controlled to 15～20 ℃, shade, export first 3 weeks and stop fertilising; Interim control fed water, and l～2 day stop watering before outlet;

6) check and sterilization

A. check: select anosis worm, without rotting, without yellow leaf, without dry branches and leaves, the potted plant madagascar palm of having tamed, nursery stock is placed between isolation, carry out further check: whether visualize strain shape is attractive in appearance, whether blade is dark green, bright, complete, whether hat width is tight, and whether plant height, basin specification, the plant weight plant situation of taking root meet the requirements;

Visualize plant cane and blade have or not damage by disease and insect, and Equipment Inspection matrix and rhizome have or not nematode, the detection method of nematode: by the de-basin of plant, get basin bottom part matrix 10g and with scissors clip plant root 10g, use plastic bag packaging, and labelled, take back indoor; Indoor by glass funnel frame on brandreth, under connect the rubber tube of one section of 10cm left and right, on rubber tube, fill a spring clip, block rubber tube in order to avoid water flows out; In glass funnel, put filter paper, and fill clear water, water is flow in rubber tube; Weigh in the balance and get matrix and each 4g of madagascar palm root system, after chopping root, bind up with gauze, be placed in the funnel that fills with clear water; After about 20h, open spring clip, with the culture dish of diameter 5cm, in funnel bottom, get the water sample of about 5ml; Water sample is placed on dissection Microscopic observation, sees if there is nematode and exists, and if any number, goes out the nematode number in culture dish;

Soilless substrate according to the requirement check of importer through sterilization, comprises the mixture etc. of expanded clay grain, cinder, coir, cork, glass fiber, organic or inorganic fiber, peat, perlite, phenolic resins, plastic pellet, polyethylene, starch stable polymerization body, polystyrene, polyurethanes, rock wool, peat Ji, Lauxite, macromolecule water uptake non-conductive fibre, plain vermiculite, volcanic rock, zeolite or the above-mentioned matrix of curing as the U.S. allows the medium of the potted plant use of import; Canada allows that the matrix of the potted plant use of import comprises charcoal, coffee beanpod is broken, cocoa pod is broken, haydite, paper, peat, perlite, mica sheet, polyurethane sponge, mineral wool, foamed polyethylene, synthetic sponge, bog moss, vermiculite, cinder, volcanic ash etc.;

B. sterilization: plant control water before outlet; Export packing is that matrix sterilization is carried out in 800～1000 times of liquid of 40% fenaminosulf wetting powder and 4000～5000 times of liquid fillings of 5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate thoroughly with mass fraction in first 7 days; Exporting first 1～2 day, is that stem stalk and the blade that 1500～2000 times of liquid of 800～1000 times of liquid+5% azoles mite ketone missible oil of 50% iprodione wetting powder spray potted plant madagascar palm carries out disinfection to plant with mass fraction, rear potting media is watered to sufficient water;

7) packing and transportation

A. pack: basin is wiped clean, extract yellow leaf, cured leaf, dry branch, with newspaper, the packing materials such as bagging bandage blade and the cane of the potted plant madagascar palm of every basin, the potted plant madagascar palm bandaging is vertical, neatly put into by specifications of container fixation and through stifling and process, and cover in the wooden cabinet of stifling processing chapter, newspaper is sticked in plank inner side, then seal wooden cabinet, post label, on label, indicate botanical name, specification, rank, quantity, the place of production, the producer, with fork truck, wooden cabinet is packed into totally, pollution-free, and be provided with ventilating opening and can control the container of plant transport temperature, the temperature inside the box is set to 15 ℃, whole packing, vanning process, all in builder's temporary shed or packing shop carry out, handle with care, and avoid sunlight directly to shine,

B. transportation: before packed and transported, potted plant madagascar palm is carried out to fresh-keeping storing processing with the brassin lactones of 0.01mg/L or the fast cry of certain animals of 6-benzyl gland of 1.5 mg/L; During transportation, implement monitoring in real time, prevent because of long period transportation, cause potted plant madagascar palm dead leaf, rot and downright bad.

Employing, with the processing method of the potted plant madagascar palm of upper outlet, reaches more than 95% the exporting rate of potted plant madagascar palm, and quarantine extermination of disease and insect pest effect reaches 100%.

The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations of doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. One kind outlet potted plant madagascar palm processing method, it is characterized in that: to gathering and 7 export processing flow processs of selected, flushing and shaping, sterilization and airing, aglucon and upper dish, strong seedling and domestication, check and sterilization, packing and transportation are assembled, structure is applicable to export the processing method of potted plant madagascar palm, and its concrete steps are as follows:

   1) gather and selected

   A. gather: at planting area, choose bag and plant madagascar palm, carry out mark, in the situation that not damaging root system, the earth that madagascar palm is with of de-bag or matrix removal is clean, the madagascar palm of gathering is tiltedly put in hard basket, transport export processing place back;

   Described bag is planted a madagascar palm and is answered root system good, and cane is smooth, healthy, well-balanced and solid, blade is complete, BG and not excessive growth, without scab, without insect, without dead leaf;

   B. selected: in export processing place, de-bag madagascar palm to be selected again, the plant selecting is gently moved into rinsing area;

   Described plant is: seedling age is in 2～3 years, high 1.5～2.0 m and stalwartness, and 50～60 of every bag of total numbers of sheets, the not excessive growth of blade stalwartness, leaf look dark green, anosis worm, leaf tail is slightly sagging;

   2) flushing and shaping

   A. rinse: in cleaning machine, with Pressurizing water jet, free of contamination phreatic water or running water are not forced into and can cause damage to plant root and cauline leaf, sequentially rinse silt and other impurity on root system, cane and the blade of madagascar palm, plant after cleaning is sidelong gently in the blank hard basket of plastics, after draining the water, moves to shaping region;

   B. shaping: in clean shaping region, madagascar palm after cleaning is neatly well placed, and airing, choose apart from damage and the plant of worm channel, cut off useless of every strain madagascar palm, be completely cured and rotten, wipe out sick branch leaf, yellow branches and leaves and deadwood leaf simultaneously, prune mouthful cane and keep smooth, according to plant height, leading thread and demand, carry out classification, every 50 cm plant heights, 3 cm leading threads are 1 specification, after classification, be sidelong gently respectively in the blank hard frame of plastics, move to sterile zones;

   3) sterilization and airing

   A. sterilization: use and take mass fraction the same day and be hybridly prepared into 200 L thimerosals as 1500 times of liquid+mass fractions of 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion as 3000 times of liquid of 5% Avermectin soluble concentrate, get and prune the madagascar palm good with classification, root and 1/3 stem stalk portion are put in thimerosal and soak 3～5 min, mention plant and be placed on a barrel face and drain the water after 1～2 min and gently move on to airing district;

   B. airing: the madagascar palm after sterilization is laid in to airing on ventilation, printing opacity and clean airing layer frame successively by grade, and plant just can gently move to it upper basin region during there are no water droplet;

   4) aglucon and upper basin

   A. aglucon: choose perlite, peat, 3 kinds of media of coconut palm chaff, with free of contamination phreatic water or running water, the too much alkaline matter of perlite is rinsed well, getting part peat+8, a 1 part of perlite+1 part coconut palm chaff stirs, water supply in media is adjusted to and sees the dry wet condition of seeing, the matrix preparing is packed in disinfection cabinet or disinfect box, with breather pipe, pass into steam, be heated to 70 ℃～100 ℃, airtight sterilization 30～60 min;

   B. go up basin: the madagascar palm plant of selecting ventilative, attractive in appearance basin tool and 3～5 strains to combine, at the bottom of basin, first pad 2～3 cm matrix, again the plant combining is put in basin, from basin edge, add matrix, distance basin cup face 1～2 cm after matrix compacting, by the potted plant madagascar palm of having planted remove to outlet potted plant greenhouse or canopy indoor, put neatly at interval;

   5) strong seedling and domestication

   A. strong seedling: upper basin madagascar palm moves into behind Huo Peng chamber, greenhouse, lures the root agent of flooding to irrigate matrix with 400 times immediately, and the while sprays water to blade; The indoor temperature of potted plant greenhouse or canopy remains between 18 ℃～30 ℃, and humidity remains between 70%～80%; Plant after 3～5 days and spray 600～800 times of microbial bacterial agent Tylenol Te Like, afterwards every spray in 10 days 1 time; First 20 days of long new root, spend intact 6～8 times every day to 5000 times of liquid 30-10-10+TE full water soluble fertilizers of blade spraying; After long root, part shading, carries out full exposure after 1 month, every day with spraying facility to blade water spray 2～3 times, see dry see wet; Take the thin cake fertilizer water becoming thoroughly decomposed and mass fraction alternately uses as 0.3% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution, every fertilising in 1～2 week 1 time, and is 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in conjunction with spraying mass fraction, matrix fertilising and spray foliage fertilizer and answer interval 7 days; Reduce fertilizer application frequency winter or stop fertilising; Wipe out in time disease worm leaf, withered and yellow leaf and tear leaf, blade tip occurs when withered and yellow because of dry, the blade tip of only having one's hair trimmed; Cut thin and weak, the sick worm of plant, withered, overstocked branch winter; Winter, booth and greenhouse needed cover film, and the madagascar palm temperature of surviving the winter is remained on more than 10 ℃;

   B. domestication: export first 1 month, booth or greenhouse temperature are controlled to 15～20 ℃, shade, export first 3 weeks and stop fertilising; Interim control fed water, and l～2 day stop watering before outlet;

   6) check and sterilization

   A. check: select anosis worm, without rotting, without yellow leaf, without dry branches and leaves, the potted plant madagascar palm of having tamed, nursery stock is placed between isolation, carry out further check: whether visualize strain shape is attractive in appearance, whether blade is dark green, bright, complete, whether hat width is tight, and whether plant height, basin specification, plant weight, the plant situation of taking root meets the requirements; Visualize plant cane and blade have or not damage by disease and insect, and Equipment Inspection matrix and rhizome have or not nematode; Soilless substrate according to the requirement check of importer through sterilization;

   B. sterilization: plant control water before outlet; Export packing is that 800～1000 times of liquid of 40% fenaminosulf wetting powder and mass fraction are that matrix sterilization is carried out in 4000～5000 times of liquid fillings of 5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate thoroughly with mass fraction in first 7 days; Exporting first 1～2 day, is that 800～1000 times of liquid+mass fractions of 50% iprodione wetting powder are that stem stalk and the blade that 1500～2000 times of liquid of 5% azoles mite ketone missible oil spray potted plant madagascar palm carries out disinfection to plant with mass fraction, rear potting media is watered to sufficient water;

   7) packing and transportation

   A. pack: basin is wiped clean, extract yellow leaf, cured leaf, dry branch, with newspaper, bagging bandages blade and the cane of the potted plant madagascar palm of every basin, the potted plant madagascar palm bandaging is vertical, neatly put into by specifications of container fixation and through stifling and process, and cover in the wooden cabinet of stifling processing chapter, newspaper is sticked in plank inner side, then seal wooden cabinet, post label, on label, indicate botanical name, specification, rank, quantity, the place of production, the producer, with fork truck, wooden cabinet is packed into totally, pollution-free, and be provided with ventilating opening and can control the container of plant transport temperature, the temperature inside the box is set to 15 ± 1 ℃, whole packing, vanning process, all should be in builder's temporary shed or packing shop carry out, handle with care, and avoid sunlight directly to shine,

   B. transportation: before packed and transported, potted plant madagascar palm is carried out to fresh-keeping storing processing with the brassin lactones of 0.01mg/L or the fast cry of certain animals of 6-benzyl gland of 1.5 mg/L; During transportation, implement monitoring in real time, prevent because of long period transportation, cause potted plant madagascar palm dead leaf, rot and downright bad.