CN103098643B - Labor-saving cultivation method of dry land grain crops - Google Patents
Labor-saving cultivation method of dry land grain crops Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a labor-saving cultivation method of dry land grain crops. The labor-saving cultivation method comprises the following steps of: preparing a land; pre-treating seeds; sowing the seed; and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests. The labor-saving cultivation method particularly comprises the following steps of: ploughing and ridging at the time 10-30 days before sowing the seeds so as to enable a ridge to be full and be in a tile shape or a ladder shape; digging pounds according to a pond distance of 20-30cm and a pond size of 15-20cm; selecting sleep-broken healthy crop seeds at the time 2-3 days before sowing the seeds; spraying the healthy crop seeds by utilizing a sterilizing mixture; airing for further use; sowing 2-6 crop seeds in each pond; when sowing the seeds, applying farmyard manure and controlled-release fertilizers; after sowing the seeds, uniformly spraying a soil surface by using a dry land herbicide; covering a mulching film; and during a period from the time of sowing the seeds of the dry land grain crops to the time of 20 days before harvesting, spraying crop plants and harvesting after the crop plants naturally grow to ripe fruits by utilizing a bactericide. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and efficient; the labor investment is reduced and the damage loss rate of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; a pesticide residue relevance ratio meets pollution-free agricultural product pesticide residue detection requirements; and the problem of being lack of labor force is solved, the production and income increasing of grains is realized and the quality is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cultivation grain technical field, be specifically related to the Labor-saving cultivation method of a kind of nonirrigated farmland cereal crops.
Background technology
Nonirrigated farmland cereal crops are main cereal crops, have very important status in increases in grain production, increasing peasant income.All have a large population and a few land in most of mountain area of China, agricultural infrastructure is weak, and level of agricultural production is lower, along with the development of growth in the living standard and modern agriculture, be ready that the between twenty and fifty labour who is engaged in agricultural production is fewer and feweri, agricultural production faces the problem of lack of labor and producer's aging.In recent years, numerous rural laborers leave rural area, go down town and work and do business, rural laborer's shortage situation is increasingly severe, some areas have occurred causing extensive cultivation phenomenon because of lack of labor, What is more leaves the land uncultivated that nobody cultivates, and vast rural area is done manual work, planted to realize in the urgent need to laborsaving simple applicable agriculture cultivation technology and neglects neither.Therefore the cultivation method of, developing the nonirrigated farmland cereal crops of a kind of simple applicable, Labor-saving high-efficiency and high yield is very important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the Labor-saving cultivation method of a kind of nonirrigated farmland cereal crops.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, comprises standby ground, seed pre-treatment, sowing, extermination of disease and insect pest step, specifically comprises:
A, standby ground: within 10 ~ 30 days, plough prior to seeding, by the high 15 ~ 25cm in ridge, ridge top width 60 ~ 80cm ridging, make that ridge body is full is pan tile shape or trapezoidal, distance between the ridges is 50 ~ 60cm, and by the pool, distance 20 ~ 30cm, pool size 15 ~ 25cm dig the pool;
B, seed pre-treatment: sow the healthy crop seed of choosing brokenly dormancy for first 2 ~ 3 days, with the fungicide mixture healthy crop seed of spraying, dry rear standby;
C, sowing: 2 ~ 6 crop seeds are broadcast on every pool, every pool applications of farmyard manure 400 ~ 600g during sowing, Controlled Release Fertilizer 5 ~ 20g, after planting evenly sprays soil table, then covering with plastic film with dry land herbicide;
D, the extermination of disease and insect pest: in nonirrigated farmland cereal crops sowings, to before gathering 20 days, with bactericide, crop plant is sprayed, after crop plant grows to fruit maturation naturally, gather.
The present invention adopts the pre-preventing disease and pest of seed pre-treatment, reduces agricultural chemicals access times; Adopt Controlled Release Fertilizer, exempt manuring late; After planting adopting full field to use weed killer herbicide, remove later stage artificial weeding from.The inventive method is simple efficient, labour drops into minimizing, damage by disease and insect seed loss rate is lower, residue of pesticide recall rate meets that non-polluted farm product agriculture is residual detects requirement, has solved labor shortage problem, has also realized increases in grain production and has increased income and guaranteed quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated, but never in any form the present invention is limited, and any conversion or the replacement based on training centre of the present invention, done, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The Labor-saving cultivation method of nonirrigated farmland of the present invention cereal crops, comprises standby ground, seed pre-treatment, sowing, extermination of disease and insect pest step, specifically comprises:
A, standby ground: within 10 ~ 30 days, plough prior to seeding, by the high 15 ~ 25cm in ridge, ridge top width 60 ~ 80cm ridging, make that ridge body is full is pan tile shape or trapezoidal, distance between the ridges is 50 ~ 60cm, and by the pool, distance 20 ~ 30cm, pool size 15 ~ 25cm dig the pool;
B, seed pre-treatment: sow the healthy crop seed of choosing brokenly dormancy for first 2 ~ 3 days, with the fungicide mixture healthy crop seed of spraying, dry rear standby;
C, sowing: 2 ~ 6 crop seeds are broadcast on every pool, every pool applications of farmyard manure 400 ~ 600g during sowing, Controlled Release Fertilizer 5 ~ 20g, after planting evenly sprays soil table, then covering with plastic film with dry land herbicide;
D, the extermination of disease and insect pest: in nonirrigated farmland cereal crops sowings, to before gathering 20 days, with bactericide, crop plant is sprayed, after crop plant grows to fruit maturation naturally, gather.
After the Labor-saving cultivation method of described nonirrigated farmland cereal crops is also included in crop plant and enters flowering stage 7 ~ 10 days, get nutrient solution crop plant is carried out to foliar spray.
Described nutrient solution is a kind of in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium pyrophosphate or cloud large 120.
Described fungicide mixture is a kind of in metalaxyl-mn-zn, cymoxanil mancozeb or sigh morpholide.
Described fungicide mixture is 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn.
Described farmyard manure be feces of livestock and poultry under fermenting agent effect, fully become thoroughly decomposed fermentation form.
Described Controlled Release Fertilizer is banyan wind Controlled Release Fertilizer.
Described weed killer herbicide is a kind of in isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil, alachlor missible oil or acetochlor ec.
Described weed killer herbicide is 70 ~ 75% isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil.
Described bactericide is a kind of in Du Bangkelu, Propamocarb, Acrobat MZ, metalaxyl-mn-zn, Sandofan, metalaxyl or Da Kening.
Described nonirrigated farmland cereal crops can be interplanted according to vegetative period.
Feature of the present invention:
While 1, sowing, use banyan wind Controlled Release Fertilizer, exempt manuring late;
2, sow rear full field and used preemergence herbicide, removed middle and later periods artificial weeding from;
3, apply disease-resistant breeding, minimizing agricultural chemicals access times;
4, unify the climate and other natural phenomena of a season, unified plantation specification, unified row to, unified plastic mulching, unified directed dense planting, the unified Controlled Release Fertilizer of using, the unified preemergence herbicide of using, the unified extermination of disease and insect pest;
5, prevention and middle and later periods pest and disease monitoring preventing and controlling, the output and the quality that to meet or exceed general planting administrative institute, obtain are processed in the potato seed of carrying out potato late blight.
Embodiment 1
3 mu of soils were ploughed in 12 ~ 14 days prior to seeding, by the high 20 ~ 25cm in ridge, ridge top width 60 ~ 65cm ridging, make that ridge body is full is pan tile shape or trapezoidal, distance between the ridges is 50 ~ 55cm, by the pool, apart from 25 ~ 28cm, pool size 20 ~ 25cm, dig the pool, within 2 ~ 3 days, choose brokenly prior to seeding the healthy potato seed of dormancy, with fungicide mixture spraying, dry rear standby; During sowing, 2 ~ 6 potato seeds are broadcast on every pool, every pool applications of farmyard manure 400 ~ 600g, and Controlled Release Fertilizer 5 ~ 20g, after planting evenly sprays soil table, then covering with plastic film with dry land herbicide; In sowing, to before gathering 20 days, with bactericide, crop plant is sprayed, after crop plant grows to fruit maturation naturally, gather and obtain 5400Kg.
Embodiment 2
3.5 mu of soils were ploughed in 20 ~ 23 days prior to seeding, by the high 20 ~ 24cm in ridge, ridge top width 55 ~ 60cm ridging, make that ridge body is full is pan tile shape or trapezoidal, distance between the ridges is 55 ~ 58cm, by the pool, apart from 27 ~ 30cm, pool size 22 ~ 25cm, dig the pool, within 2 ~ 3 days, choose brokenly prior to seeding the healthy potato seed of dormancy, with fungicide mixture spraying, dry rear standby; During sowing, 2 ~ 6 potato seeds are broadcast on every pool, every pool applications of farmyard manure 400 ~ 600g, and Controlled Release Fertilizer 5 ~ 20g, after planting evenly sprays soil table, then covering with plastic film with dry land herbicide; In sowing, to before gathering 20 days, with bactericide, crop plant is sprayed, after crop plant grows to fruit maturation naturally, gather and obtain 5729Kg.
Embodiment 3
6 mu of soils were ploughed in 13-17 days prior to seeding, by the high 17 ~ 20cm in ridge, ridge top width 65 ~ 70cm ridging, make that ridge body is full is pan tile shape or trapezoidal, distance between the ridges is 53 ~ 56cm, by the pool, apart from 20 ~ 23cm, pool size 16 ~ 19cm, dig the pool, within 2 ~ 3 days, choose brokenly prior to seeding the healthy corn seed of dormancy, with fungicide mixture spraying, dry rear standby; During sowing, 2 ~ 6 corn seeds are broadcast on every pool, every pool applications of farmyard manure 400 ~ 600g, and Controlled Release Fertilizer 5 ~ 20g, after planting evenly sprays soil table, then covering with plastic film with dry land herbicide; In sowing, to before gathering 20 days, with bactericide, crop plant is sprayed, after crop plant grows to fruit maturation naturally, gather and obtain 4050Kg.
Embodiment 4
2 mu of soils were ploughed in 22 ~ 23 days prior to seeding, by the high 19 ~ 21cm in ridge, ridge top width 69 ~ 72cm ridging, make that ridge body is full is pan tile shape or trapezoidal, distance between the ridges is 54 ~ 57cm, by the pool, apart from 20 ~ 23cm, pool size 15 ~ 18cm, dig the pool, within 2 ~ 3 days, choose brokenly prior to seeding the healthy corn seed of dormancy, with fungicide mixture spraying, dry rear standby; During sowing, 2 ~ 6 corn seeds are broadcast on every pool, every pool applications of farmyard manure 400 ~ 600g, and Controlled Release Fertilizer 5 ~ 20g, after planting evenly sprays soil table, then covering with plastic film with dry land herbicide; In sowing, to before gathering 20 days, with bactericide, crop plant is sprayed, after crop plant grows to fruit maturation naturally, gather and obtain 1230Kg.
Embodiment 5
5 mu of soils were ploughed in 26 ~ 30 days prior to seeding, by the high 21 ~ 24cm in ridge, ridge top width 72 ~ 75cm ridging, make that ridge body is full is pan tile shape or trapezoidal, distance between the ridges is 53 ~ 57cm, by the pool, apart from 27 ~ 30cm, pool size 17 ~ 20cm, dig the pool, within 2 ~ 3 days, choose brokenly prior to seeding the healthy potato seed of dormancy, with fungicide mixture spraying, dry rear standby; During sowing, 2 ~ 6 potato seeds are broadcast on every pool, every pool applications of farmyard manure 400 ~ 600g, and Controlled Release Fertilizer 5 ~ 20g, after planting evenly sprays soil table, then covering with plastic film with dry land herbicide; In sowing, to before gathering 20 days, with bactericide, crop plant is sprayed, after crop plant grows to fruit maturation naturally, gather and obtain 10900Kg.
Embodiment 6
On January 11st, 2012 ploughs 3 mu of soils, by the high 17 ~ 20cm in ridge, ridge top width 65 ~ 70cm ridging, make that ridge body is full is pan tile shape or trapezoidal, distance between the ridges is 53 ~ 56cm, Yi Bian plant a line potato, another side is reserved a line corn null, by the pool, apart from 26 ~ 29cm, pool size 17 ~ 20cm, dig the pool, within 2 ~ 3 days, choose brokenly prior to seeding the healthy potato seed of dormancy, with fungicide mixture spraying, dry rear standby; During sowing, 2 ~ 3 potato seeds are broadcast on every pool, every pool applications of farmyard manure 400 ~ 600g, and Controlled Release Fertilizer 5 ~ 20g, after planting evenly sprays soil table, then covering with plastic film with dry land herbicide; In sowing, to before gathering 20 days, with bactericide, crop plant is sprayed, after crop plant grows to fruit maturation naturally, gather and obtain potato 5580Kg.
On April 8th, 2012 is dug the pool by the pool apart from 21 ~ 24cm, pool size 15 ~ 18cm to above-mentioned reserved corn null, within 2 ~ 3 days, chooses brokenly prior to seeding the healthy corn seed of dormancy, with fungicide mixture spraying, dries rear standby; During sowing, 2 ~ 4 corn seeds are broadcast on every pool, every pool applications of farmyard manure 400 ~ 600g, and Controlled Release Fertilizer 5 ~ 20g, after planting evenly sprays soil table, then covering with plastic film with dry land herbicide; In sowing, to before gathering 20 days, with bactericide, crop plant is sprayed, after crop plant grows to fruit maturation naturally, gather and obtain corn 1959Kg.
Experimental example 1---the project implementation
(1) experiment and demonstration technology effect is remarkable
1, corn potato yield output value effect
From table, 1-1 can find out: the potato yield measurement result explanation Labor-saving culture technique of demonstration area 5 family peasant households is formed with obvious synergistic effect to potato yield.The per mu yield of potato Labor-saving cultural area is 524.47 kilograms, and the per mu yield in general planting district is 430.006 kilograms, and average mu volume increase is 94.466 kilograms, and synergy is 21.97%, and potato shape is better, and potato piece surface is smooth compared with conventional cultivation.If according to 0.8 yuan of/kilogram of calculating of market price, average mu volume increase value is 75.57 yuan, and this year, Demonstration Application was 500 mu, can new output value be 37785 yuan.
The laborsaving cultivation of table 1-1 potato is surveyed and is produced registration form
Survey place of production point: Tian He village, Ci Yuan township, Ludian County
From table, 1-2 can find out: Labor-saving cultivation demonstration area is surveyed product result and shown that the application of corn Labor-saving culture technique has obvious production-increasing function.By the default 3 family peasant households with field contrast and 2 families, certainly establish contrast totally 5 family peasant households determination of yield: Labor-saving cultivation demonstration area per mu yield is 689.27 kilograms, the highest 735.8 kgs/acre, minimum 624.45 kgs/acre.The corn per mu yield in conventional cultivation district is 633.686 kilograms, the highest 686.76 kgs/acre, minimum 556.33 kgs/acre.55.59 kilograms of Labor-saving cultivation average specific general planting volume increase, synergy is 8.77%.If by 1.2 yuan of/kilogram of calculating of market price, an average mu volume increase value is 66.70 yuan, and 500 mu of Demonstration Application can volume increase value be 33350 yuan.
The laborsaving cultivation of table 1-2 corn is surveyed and is produced registration form
Survey place of production point: Tian He village, Ci Yuan township, Ludian County
Demonstration area is surveyed product result and is shown: Labor-saving culture technique output is obviously better than conventional cultivation.Corn, the compound increase per mu yield of potato value are 142.27 yuan, and 500 mu add up to 71135 yuan of increasings,, remarkable in economical benefits.
2, the biological characteristic of learning of corn potato
At corn potato raw long season, corn potato is investigated to the presentation qualities such as its plant, fringe grain, potato type and carried out the demonstration of Comparative Survey result, Labor-saving cultivation is shown with conventional cultivation and is compared, corn, potato plant leaf look greener, the big-and-middle small ear rate variance of corn of two kinds of planting patternss is different not remarkable, potato relatively obvious, yampi rate is higher by 3.16% than contrast.Corn thousand kernel weight weighs 22 grams than contrast, and flat fringe rate is low.The potato starch content 15% of conventional cultivation, what Labor-saving was cultivated is 17.44%.Comprehensive Comprehensive Traits evaluation performance better.
The biological characteristic survey contrast table of learning of table 2 corn potato
3, labor saving investigation result
In demonstration area, selected at random the San Jia peasant household ground of different plantation levels, arrange Labor-saving cultivation with general planting with field Comparative Survey, Chen Weishan, Tian Maofu, man of Zhao Qing Xiang Sanwei peasant household are managed the whole process of end and investigate record from plant to.Result shows that general planting and Labor-saving cultivation sowing all needs to apply fertilizer, waters, sows, blinding, so the recruitment time of two kinds of seeding methods of same household is identical, difference is just Labor-saving cultivation disposable employed survey soil formula Controlled Release Fertilizer at seeding time, saves manuring late.After planting carry out the disposable preemergence herbicide that sprays and save later stage artificial weeding.As can be seen from Table 3: it is identical that the sowing of two kinds of Different Ways of Planting drops into man-hour, at 8 hours on per work day, 3 average every mu of corn seeding times were 148.32 yuan of 2.97 work days by 50 yuan of calculating, sowed 96.73 yuan of every mu of 1.93 work days of the average recruitment of potato.General planting corn at least need to topdress and weeding once, interplanting potato great majority only need cultivation and banking weeding once, seldom topdress.Corn, the potato of Labor-saving cultivation only need spray preemergence herbicide at seeding time, do not need to intertill the weeding of topdressing, comparatively laborsaving.The average every mu of weeding working hour expense of the corn of conventional cultivation is 53.35 yuan as can be seen from the table, during the weeder of laborsaving cultivation, is 25.99 yuan, and saving working hour expense is 27.38 yuan; The average every mu of weeding working hour expense of potato of conventional cultivation is 78.08 yuan, during the weeder of laborsaving cultivation, is 20.20 yuan, and it is 57.88 yuan that mu is saved a working hour expense, and corn potato adds up to that to save weeding working hour expense be 85.27 yuan.The average every mu of working hour expense that topdresses of corn of conventional cultivation is 75.87 yuan, and potato is without the working hour expense that topdresses.Laborsaving cultivated maize potato is all without topdressing, and can to save working hour expense be 75.87 yuan to every mu of corn.It is 161.10 yuan that average every mu of corn potato Labor-saving cultivation is saved labour's expenditure than conventional cultivation.
The laborsaving cultivation of table 3 corn is with field comparative test result analytical table
Survey place of production point: Tian He village, Ci Yuan township, Ludian County
4, Labor-saving cultivation input cost is with field comparison
As can be seen from Table 4: Labor-saving cultivation is compared with conventional cultivation, although fertilizer cost and weed killer herbicide cost increase and decrease to some extent, labour obviously reduces, overall cost than conventional cultivation cost reduction 130.33 yuan/mu, wherein corn is cost-saving 87.16 yuan, and potato is cost-saving is 43.17 yuan.Labor-saving cultivation than conventional cultivation reduce one time mid-term artificial weeding and topdress that can to save labour's expenditure cost be 161.13 yuan/mu; The Controlled Release Fertilizer cost of Labor-saving cultivation is higher than conventional fertilizer cost, but Controlled Release Fertilizer is single fertilization, and conventional fertilizer application needs topdress once mid-term.Conventional fertilizer application+the cost accounting of topdressing is suitable with Labor-saving cultivation single-dose application cost, in table 4, the cultivation of corn Labor-saving is because routine need be topdressed once with fertilizer, the conventional fertile base manure+cost accounting of topdressing is higher 12.38 yuan/mu with Controlled Release Fertilizer cost than laborsaving cultivation, but average every mu lower 4.86 yuan with fertile cost than laborsaving cultivation of large face.Interplanting potato conventional cultivation is because few people topdress, thus conventional expense only have base manure cost average every mu than Labor-saving, to cultivate Controlled Release Fertilizer cost used low 17.61 yuan.The interplanting corn potato of Labor-saving cultivation adds up to fertilizer than conventional cultivation many 22.47 yuan/mu.Labor-saving cultivation is used preemergence herbicide to increase by 24.02 yuan/unit of cost than conventional cultivation.Two totals of fertilizer+weed killer herbicide of Labor-saving cultivation increase by 46.49 yuan/mu of costs than conventional, but have saved 161.13 yuan/mu of labor costs.
The laborsaving culture technique of table 4 is with field contrast cost savings statistical analysis table
Survey place of production point: Tian He village, Ci Yuan township, Ludian County
5, the impact of Labor-saving culture technique application on soil
As can be seen from Table 5, before demonstration area soil N, P, the plantation of K content and after gathering in the crops, change to some extent respectively: the N content after conventional cultivation results obviously increases, amplification 8.54% before the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen ratio sowing of soil, owing to partially executing N fertilizer, the P of soil, K content reduce respectively 4.44%, 29.94%.Labor-saving cultivation demonstration area is used Controlled Release Fertilizer and is focused on N, P, K proportioning, uses the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of fertile rear soil, available phosphorus contents to change not quite, increases respectively 2.57%, 2.14%.But than routine significant difference, the soil content that the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen that Labor-saving is cultivated applies fertilizer than conventional cultivation is low by 5.49%, the rapid available phosphorus of soil, available potassium respectively higher by 6.88% than conventional fertilizer application, 27.87%.
The affect application form of the laborsaving cultivation of table 5 on soil
Sampling spot: ground monitoring unit of Tian He village peasant household: the chemical industry Room, Yunnan Province
6, demonstration area comprehensive benefit analysis is remarkable
Comprehensive above single analysis, the cultivation of corn potato Labor-saving is compared and is both saved labour with conventional cultivation, can increase grain yield again.As can be seen from Table 6, average every mu of demonstration area can be peasant to save labour's expenditure cost expense is 161.13 yuan, deducts 46.49 yuan of the costs of Labor-saving culture technique application fertilizer and weed killer herbicide increase, still cost-saved 114.64 yuan/mu.From surveying product result, find out, corn average mu in Labor-saving cultivation demonstration area increases income 55.92 kilograms, and potato increases income 94.46 kilograms.Corn, potato according to 1.2 yuan/kilogram of market prices, 0.8 yuan of/kilogram of calculating, are rolled over respectively to such an extent that per mu yield value is 67.10 yuan and 75.57 yuan respectively, and the compound output value of corn potato is 142.67 yuan/mu.It is 256.89 yuan/mu that cost-saving expense+volume increase value expense can obtain newly-increased net earnings altogether, and implementing 500 mu of demonstrations this year, can to obtain newly-increased net earnings be 12.84 ten thousand yuan, and demonstration benefit is extremely remarkable.
The laborsaving cultivation of table 6 corn is with field comparative test result Macro or mass analysis table
Survey place of production point: Tian He village, Ci Yuan township, Ludian County
(2), filter out the weed killer herbicide kind of 2 suitable popularizations
1, the preventive effect of reagent agent to weeds
The weeds effect of 30d after table 1 medicine
The herbicidal effect of 45d after table 2 medicine
Weeds strain preventive effect: after dispenser, in 15 days corn neat seedling stages, seedling growth is normal.Field is without weed growth.After medicine, 30-60 days weed growth situations are as shown in table 1-table 3.From table 1,2,3, can find out: 30d medicine, 72% isopropyl methoxalamine EC, 480 grams per liter alachlor EC, tri-kinds of medicaments of Acetochlor 900g/LEC all have preventive effect to Ma Tang, RHIZOMA FAGOPYRI CYMOSI, total careless preventive effect is respectively 98.41%, 96.03%, 99.21%, better to the preventive effect of Ma Tang.45d after medicine, three kinds of medicaments to the total careless strain preventive effect of Ma Tang, RHIZOMA FAGOPYRI CYMOSI by 30 days more than 96% be down to respectively 62.76%, 61.63%, 63.74%, the preventive effect of Ma Tang is respectively to 80.21%, 83.96%, 79.52%, be obviously better than below 50% of RHIZOMA FAGOPYRI CYMOSI preventive effect.From table, 3-1 can find out: 60d medicine; 72% isopropyl methoxalamine EC, 480 grams per liter alachlor EC, tri-kinds of medicaments of Acetochlor 900g/LEC all have preventive effect to Ma Tang, RHIZOMA FAGOPYRI CYMOSI, smallflower galinsoga herb, Ageratum conyzoides, morning glory; total careless strain preventive effect is respectively 68.99%, 60.65%, more than 60.18%, the preventive effect of Ma Tang is respectively to 88.13%, 75.53%, 64.52%.In general, in three kinds of medicaments, the drug effect lasting period of 72% isopropyl methoxalamine EC is longer than other two medicaments.
The herbicidal effect of 60d after table 3-1 medicine
The herbicidal effect of 60d after table 3-2 medicine
2, the impact of reagent agent on weeds fresh weight
As can be seen from Table 4: after medicine, 60d investigates the remaining weeds fresh weight of each treatment region, check plot is 453.7g/ ㎡, 72% isopropyl methoxalamine EC treatment region is 53.2g/ ㎡, 480 grams per liter alachlor EC treatment regions be 105.5g/ ㎡, Acetochlor 900g/LEC treatment region be 129.5g/ ㎡, fresh weight alleviates respectively 400.3g/ ㎡, 348.2g/ ㎡ and 324.2g/ ㎡ compared with the control, and preventive effect is respectively 88.27%, 76.75%, 71.46% compared with the control.Wherein, three kinds of medicaments are respectively 97.27%, 90.55%, 80.46% to the fresh weight preventive effect of lady's-grass.
60d weeds fresh weight performance contrast summary table after table 4-1 medicine
| Reagent agent | Spraying concentration | Fresh weight g/m 2 | Than the light g/m of contrast 2 | Preventive effect % |
| 72% isopropyl methoxalamine | 500× | 53.2 | 400.3 | 88.27 |
| 480g/L alachlor | 250× | 105.5 | 348.2 | 76.75 |
| 900g/L Acetochlor | 500× | 129.5 | 324.2 | 71.46 |
| Blank | —— | 453.7 | —— | —— |
60d weeds fresh weight performance contrast detail list after table 4-2 medicine
3, reagent agent is to corn security survey
Table 5 several herbicides is to corn, potato safety effects application form
As can be seen from Table 5: three weed killer herbicides are emerged and all be there is no impact with plant height corn potato as can be seen from the table.From the situation of emerging and plant height survey data, contrast is the by-level in San Zhong chemicals treatment district all, illustrates that three kinds of medicaments are on not impact of crop.Poisoning condition survey, each is processed poisoning rank and is zero, and three weed killer herbicides of later stage corn growing way explanation are to its growth unrestraint effect.
4, conclusion
This year is due to drought before city June, soil Extreme drought during corn seeding, and topsoil water content is 0, on the one hand corn growing way is had to certain influence, during on the other hand on herbicide sprays, medicine film is formed with impact.After dispenser 1 month, meet again rainstorm weather, between partial row, soil is washed away by heavy rain, medicine film destroy.Cloudy weather for several days running weather, causes farmland weed to occur particularly serious, and the local weeds for the treatment of region medicine film destroy are relatively many, but totally light than contrast.Three kinds of medicament herbicides spectrum is wider, to take Ma Tang, smallflower galinsoga herb, RHIZOMA FAGOPYRI CYMOSI, Ageratum conyzoides, morning glory etc., is that main multiple annual weed all has good preventive effect, and to corn growth safety.After dispenser, the total careless preventive effect of 30d all reaches more than 96%, and after medicine 45 days, total careless preventive effect reached more than 79%, and after medicine 60 days, total careless preventive effect was more than 60%.72% isopropyl methoxalamine EC, 480 grams per liter alachlor EC, tri-medicaments of Acetochlor 900g/LEC all have better control efficiency to grassy weed and annual broadleaf weed, but preventive effect gramineous is better than to broad leaved weed, grassy weed, be the region of advantage weeds, three kinds of medicaments all can choice for use.But 72% isopropyl methoxalamine EC lasting period is long: after medicine 60 days, preventive effect was obviously better than other two medicaments.And the strain preventive effect to Ma Tang reaches 88.13%, and fresh weight preventive effect reaches 97.27%, and preventive effect is comparatively remarkable, be worth large face to be applied.
From agricultural chemicals use cost, see that 72% isopropyl methoxalamine EC mu cost is 12-15 unit, 480 grams per liter alachlor EC mu costs are 15-18 unit, and Acetochlor 900g/LEC mu cost is 12-15 unit.Comprehensive above feature is thought in conjunction with pesticide cost: 72% isopropyl methoxalamine EC is long and little on soil compaction impact owing to having the lasting period, aborning first-selected recommendation.
(3) corn variety comparative test result
In six kinds of participating in the experiment: Yun You 78, Eyue 10,68 3 kinds of agricultural university are emerged early, and neat, April 26 was neat seedling stage.Guizhou Province Huang 375, A Dan 14 are emerged more a little later, and April 29, sunrise rate reached more than 80%.May 16 investigation, Yun You 78, Eyue 10 growing way are better, with contrast in golden 368 similar.No. 14, A Dan is poor, plant growing way a little less than.Two Performance of cultivars are better, abide by beautiful No. 9, and yellow 375 performances in Guizhou Province are poor, and other are medium.From output, form, Eyue 10 is slightly better than in this region main breed gold 368, Yun You 78 with middle golden 368 suitable, abides by beautiful No. 9, agricultural university's 68 aggregate performances relatively better, can carry out comparative trial screening again, and Guizhou Province Huang 375, A Dan 14 are totally poor in this test region.
Table 1. Maize Varieties in Regional is recorded table
Five, the performance analysis of the project implementation
1, economic benefit
By Labor-saving culture technique, apply, can save 3.22 work days of labour for average every mu, according to 50 yuan of calculating on per work day, saving altogether labor cost is 161.13 yuan.Corn mu volume increase 7.7%, potato mu volume increase 11.52%, average every mu of interplanting corn potato can increase the output value and adds up to 142.67 yuan.Save labor cost+mu volume increase value for every mu and add up to 303.80 yuan, deduct 46.49 yuan of every mu of interplanting corn potato fertilizer used, weed killer herbicide additional costs, average every mu can to obtain net earnings be 256.89 yuan.In the whole city, promote altogether 1500 mu of this show-how application this year, can obtain and deposit income is 38.53 ten thousand yuan.If this technology Wo city is applied more than 1,000,000 mu, can be every year increasing peasant income joint and add up to more than 2.57 hundred million yuan, benefit is very remarkable.
2, social benefit
By Labor-saving culture technique research demonstration, change traditional cropping pattern, reduce plantation flow process, realize applying of scientific and technological measure, adapt to current social labour present situation needs.Also can promote agricultural modernization development, be the Labor-saving of other industries value of offering reference simultaneously.
3, ecological benefits
This project be take the key factor that these two, nitrogen phosphorus affects water quality and is research point, by carrying out effect and the application technical research of environment-friendly type banyan wind special-purpose control-release fertilizer, propose also Demonstration Application corn, the every pool of potato and use the dedicated release-controlled Bulk Blending Fertilizer 10-15 gram of banyan wind, potato nitrogen, phosphorus consumption is more conventional with nutriment in a fertilizer, reduces not to some extent, the meaning of the project implementation is more embodied in the saving of resource, the safety of production, the strategy of sustainable development of ecotope.
Claims (7)
1. a potato yield-increasing cultivation method, is characterized in that comprising standby ground, seed pre-treatment, sowing, extermination of disease and insect pest step, specifically comprises:
A, standby ground: within 12 ~ 30 days, plough prior to seeding, by the high 20 ~ 25m in ridge, ridge top width 60 ~ 75cm ridging, make that ridge body is full is pan tile shape or trapezoidal, distance between the ridges is 50 ~ 58cm, and by the pool, distance 25 ~ 30cm, pool size 17 ~ 20cm dig the pool;
B, seed pre-treatment: sow the healthy potato seed of choosing brokenly dormancy for first 2 ~ 3 days, with the fungicide mixture healthy crop seed of spraying, dry rear standby; Described fungicide mixture is a kind of in metalaxyl-mn-zn, cymoxanil mancozeb or sigh morpholide;
C, sowing: 2 ~ 6 crop seeds are broadcast on every pool, every pool applications of farmyard manure 400 ~ 600g during sowing, Controlled Release Fertilizer 5 ~ 20g, after planting evenly sprays soil table, then covering with plastic film with dry land herbicide; After potato plant enters flowering stage 7 ~ 10 days, to get nutrient solution potato plant is carried out to foliar spray, described nutrient solution is a kind of in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium pyrophosphate or cloud large 120;
D, the extermination of disease and insect pest: at potato sowing, to before gathering 20 days, with bactericide, crop plant is sprayed, after crop plant grows to fruit maturation naturally, gather and get final product.
2. potato yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the metalaxyl-mn-zn that the fungicide mixture described in B step is 58%.
3. potato yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that farmyard manure described in C step is that the feces of livestock and poultry fermentation of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed under fermenting agent effect forms.
4. potato yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the Controlled Release Fertilizer described in C step is banyan wind Controlled Release Fertilizer.
5. potato yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that weed killer herbicide described in C step is a kind of in isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil, alachlor missible oil or acetochlor ec.
6. potato yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that the isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil that the weed killer herbicide described in C step is 70 ~ 75%.
7. potato yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that bactericide described in D step is a kind of in Du Bangkelu, Propamocarb, Acrobat MZ, metalaxyl-mn-zn, Sandofan, metalaxyl or Da Kening.
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| CN103814722B (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2016-06-01 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Northwest Shanxi hilly upland potato whole photo sowing saving water, resisting drought high yield cultivating method |
| CN104798589A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-07-29 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Mechanized planting method for performing whole plastic-film mulching on potatoes on dry land |
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