CN110506517A - The method of Southern Pine cuttage seeding hayashishita scale breeding - Google Patents
The method of Southern Pine cuttage seeding hayashishita scale breeding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110506517A CN110506517A CN201910617243.2A CN201910617243A CN110506517A CN 110506517 A CN110506517 A CN 110506517A CN 201910617243 A CN201910617243 A CN 201910617243A CN 110506517 A CN110506517 A CN 110506517A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cuttage
- forest
- seedbed
- plastic film
- pine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/14—Boron; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of Southern Pine cuttage seeding hayashishita scale breeding, prepare including standing forest selection, standing forest cleaning, seedbed preparation and disinfection, matrix, manage process after tloig-cutlage and cuttage, selection implantation time 3~4 years or more, coniferous forest, broad-leaf forest or the mixed forest standing forest of canopy density 0.5~0.9, area needed for being determined in standing forest according to cultivating seedlings quantity and scale and the cleaning for carrying out standing forest, it is unified on forest land according to the direction ground grading of row or column as seedbed, spraying Pesticidal and sterilizing is carried out to trunk, branches and leaves and ground；Selection Southern Pine newly pulls and pushes fringe, in root-growing agent after immersion treatment, is inserted directly into the Seedling bag equipped with seedling medium, and arched shed is built in cuttage, the management after carrying out cuttage；Finally nursery stock, which is moved into, has the hardening garden of sunshade net to carry out Routine Management, and nursery stock specification can be out of the garden after reaching standard.The present invention is not limited by season, temperature and place, extends effective cutting time of Southern Pine, is reduced Southern Pine cuttage seeding scale and is cultivated cost of investment, and the utilization efficiency and cuttage seeding for improving Southern Pine fine germplasm resources cultivate efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to asxualization nursery technologies, are related to a kind of method of Southern Pine cuttage seeding hayashishita scale breeding.
Background technique
Masson pine (Pinus massonianaLamb.), wet-land pine tree (Pinus elliottii), torch pine (Pinus taedaL.) and it is wet plus pine (Pinus elliottii×Pinus oaribaea) etc. Southern Pines be the important rouge of south China
The dual-purpose tree species of material, it is widely used, economic value is high, it is not only excellent construction timber or excellent papermaking and staple fibre
Furthermore board raw material can also be used to produce the chemical products such as rosin, turpentine oil, play in Chinese national economy construction important
Effect.It peters out with the non-renewable resources such as the growing life requirement of people and timber resource shortage and petroleum and waits lances
Shield intensifies, and the sustainable development of ecology, economy and society is increasingly by social concerns.Based on China's ecological safety, resource
The problems such as safety and social safety, Southern Pine are sent out energetically as the main industrial cut stock tree species in China and Tree Species as Bio-energy
Open up that its artificial forest is necessary, and Clonal regeneration is exactly to shorten the forest genetics period and improve artificial forest unit area productivity
Effective means.Currently, the mode of cuttage is mostly used to carry out Southern Pine asxualization cultivating seedlings in actual production greatly, but due to weather
Etc. natural causes influence, only feeling nice and cool in weather in 1 year, temperature lower season, to carry out cutting experiment preferable, and in temperature
Higher summer, then effect was poor, and the easy rotten rooting rate of cuttage branch is low, and effective cutting time is short, and nursery stock production efficiency is overall
It is lower；In addition, normal cutting propagation needs carried out in seedling raising greenhouse, it is higher to site requirements, virtually increase in this way investment at
This, improves access threshold, is unfavorable for the popularization and application of Southern Pine cuttage seeding propagation in scale technology.
Summary of the invention
For mild cuttage site influence of being bullied in existing Southern Pine cuttage and seedling culture method, lead to nursery stock production inefficiency
It is the problems such as higher with cost of investment, at low cost the present invention provides a kind of pair of cuttage place and Personnel Skill Levels are of less demanding
It is honest and clean, it can effectively promote the side of the Southern Pine cuttage seeding hayashishita scale breeding of cuttage root-taking effect and asxualization cultivating seedlings efficiency
Method.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of method of Southern Pine cuttage seeding hayashishita scale breeding, including standing forest selection, standing forest cleaning, seedbed preparation and disinfection,
Matrix prepares, manages process after tloig-cutlage and cuttage, select implantation time 3~4 years or more, the needle of canopy density 0.5~0.9
Woods, broad-leaf forest or mixed forest standing forest, area needed for being determined in standing forest according to cultivating seedlings quantity and scale simultaneously carry out standing forest
Cleaning, be unified on forest land according to the direction ground grading of row or column as seedbed, trunk, branches and leaves and ground sprayed
Mist Pesticidal and sterilizing；Selection Southern Pine newly pulls and pushes fringe, in root-growing agent after immersion treatment, is inserted directly into educating equipped with seedling medium
In seedling bag, arched shed is built in cuttage, the management after carrying out cuttage, finally moving into nursery stock has the hardening garden of sunshade net to carry out often
Reason is regulated, nursery stock specification can be out of the garden after reaching standard；Main operational steps are as follows:
(1) standing forest selects:
Selection, traffic convenience closer apart from cutting orchard, gentle gradient, implantation time 3~4 years or more, canopy density 0.5~0.9, strain
Away from or line-spacing be not less than 2.5 m coniferous forest, broad-leaf forest or mixed forest standing forest；
(2) standing forest is cleared up:
Area needed for being determined in standing forest according to cultivating seedlings quantity and scale；It is first mixed and disorderly to some growth in selection area
Felling cleaning is carried out with the trees for having pest and disease damage, raw side shoot, clear bole height is then cleared up on trunk and retains 1.7~2.0 m or more；
Debris on the ground, such as deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds and shrub are cleared up, surface soil is exposed；
(3) seedbed preparation and disinfection:
According to standing forest seeding row spacing size, to be unified in the direction ground grading on forest land according to row or column convenient for management
As seedbed；After smooth, anti-grass cloth is set on seedbed upper berth, to avoid later period weeds propagation and widespread；Then along seedbed two sides, away from
From on ground within the scope of 10~15 cm of seedbed edge, an aperture is bored every 50 cm, builds plastic canopy convenient for the later period；Together
When, right quantity gutter should be laid and excavate in entire nursery region according to the actual situation, in order to avoid ponding；To foregoing work
After the completion, with isometric 0.5% carbendazim of mass concentration+mass concentration, 0.5% Rogor aqueous solution to trunk, branches and leaves and ground into
The spraying Pesticidal and sterilizing of row；(4) matrix prepares:
By yellow soil, pine forest surface soil and carbonized rice husks after 3:1:1 is uniformly mixed to get seedling medium by volume, it is packed into conventional
Non-woven fabrics Seedling bag；24 h, next day are placed after sterilizing using 0.2%~0.4% carbendazim aqueous solution of mass concentration to seedling medium
After being cleaned seedling medium with clear water, moving into the seedbed being ready for can be used to cuttage；
(5) tloig-cutlage:
Select the Southern Pine of 6~10 cm long of robust growth newly pulls and pushes fringe, after impregnating 1~4 h in root-growing agent, is inserted directly into
In Seedling bag equipped with seedling medium；
(6) it is managed after cuttage:
1. before starting cuttage, first cooperating transparent plastic film in seedbed one end bamboo chip or iron wire, building arched shed；It is moulded on arched shed
Material film will tense exceptionally straight, three faces soil compaction plastic film, retain one side and open for cuttage, arch is built in cuttage
End plastic film is compacted by canopy after the completion of a seedbed cuttage, forms a complete closure space；It builds in one seedbed
One plastic canopy is unified in seedbed the same end and sets up a nameplate, the information such as record cutting time, strain, strain number；
2. seal time length needed for plastic canopy is different since different cuttage season fringe bar rootage durations are different；In 5~
Cuttage in October, closed 30~45 d of arched shed after cuttage；In the cuttage in April of November to next year, closed 60~65 d of arched shed after cuttage；
Arched shed closed period view matrix and fringe bar situation partially lift and take off plastic film and spray conventional pesticidal bactericidal agent and keep the skin wet 1~2
It is secondary, plastic film is closed after spraying rapidly, arched shed is made to form confined space again；
3. to use the sunshade net that shading rate is 70% ~ 90% to carry out appropriate according to Canopy densities and Lin Nei sunlight radiation situation
Sunshade, avoiding direct sunlight from causing arch, temperature of shed is excessively high burns nursery stock to death；When without sunlight direct projection, sunshade net is removed in time；Hand is touched
When plastic film on arched shed feels hotter, atomized water spray cools down on a plastic film, and daily 2~3 times；
4. observation fringe bar is taken root, situation, in nice and cool early morning or dusk, is partially lifted when fringe bar rooting rate reaches 90% or more
1~2 h of plastic film is taken off, removes plastic film completely after nursery stock adapts to 7~15 d；Quality is applied every 7 d during this period
Concentration is that 0.5%~0.8% conventional compound fertilizer aqueous solution is primary, continuous administration 2 times；When removing film completely, nursery stock is moved into
There is the hardening garden of sunshade net to carry out Routine Management, nursery stock specification can be out of the garden after reaching standard.
The specification in seedbed described in above step (2) is long 8~10 m, wide 1.3~1.5 m；Aperture described in step (2)
Specification be 1~2 cm of diameter, 10~15 cm of depth；
The component of root-growing agent described in above step (5) are as follows: 100~200 mg/L ABT1+25~50 mg/L NAA+15~20
+ 85 mg/L NaH of mg/L epiphysin2PO4+10 mg/L H2BO3。
The specification of arched shed described in above step (6) is a height of 40~50 cm, width is 1.5~1.8 m.
Above-described Southern Pine is masson pine, wet-land pine tree, torch pine and wet plus pine.
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the advantage that and has the beneficial effect that:
1, the present invention makes full use of that the higher coniferous forest of canopy density, direct sunlight is few in broad-leaf forest or mixed forest standing forest, humidity
It high, the features such as temperature is low, builds arched shed and is formed with conducive to the microenvironment of Southern Pine asxualization nursery stock cuttage root-taking, solve in gas
The problem of the higher summer cutting experiment difference of temperature, the present invention are not limited by season and temperature, extend effective cuttage of Southern Pine
Time, the utilization efficiency and cuttage seeding for improving Southern Pine fine germplasm resources cultivate efficiency.
2, the present invention carries out Southern Pine cuttage seeding large-scale cultivation using hayashishita place, not only increases land resources utilization
Efficiency, and eliminate forest land and foster working link, greatly reduce Forest management investment and pest and disease damage occurrence risk；Together
When, the present invention cultivates place to Southern Pine cuttage seeding and operator is of less demanding, and low in cost, small investment is quick, economical
It is obvious with ecological benefits, it has broad application prospects and technological achievement Transformation Potential.
3, root-growing agent component of the present invention is simple, it is easier to be promoted and applied, be grown in production for Southern Pine cuttings
The characteristics such as gesture is weak, indefinite root development is slow, root system is undeveloped, with NaH2PO4Replace conventional use of KH2PO4, as root system shape
At the supplementary source of middle critical nutrients element P, while meeting the needs of Adventitious root initiation and holding cuttings childrenization；Epiphysin is as one
Kind novel hormonal, activity is strong, and arrange in pairs or groups ABT1Root system rooting rate and root system quality can be effectively promoted with NAA；Pass through each ingredient
It cooperates, which effectively increases cuttage survival rate, and Southern Pine cuttage and seedling culture efficiency significantly improves, and tool has made marked progress
Property and substantial effect.
4, the present invention in seedbed preparation and disinfection using carbendazim and Rogor water mixed liquid to trunk, branches and leaves and ground into
The spraying Pesticidal and sterilizing of row, the mixed liquor used can Pesticidal and sterilizing, and the cheap easy purchase of two kinds of drug prices simultaneously, it is at low cost
Honest and clean, effect is good.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the cuttage seeding that the present invention has been taken root.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention builds the cuttage seedbed after arched shed.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1:
(1) standing forest selects:
Selection, traffic convenience closer apart from cutting orchard, gentle gradient, implantation time 3~4 years or more, canopy density 0.5~0.8, strain
Away from or line-spacing be not less than 2.5 m coniferous forest；
(2) standing forest is cleared up:
Area needed for being determined in standing forest according to cultivating seedlings quantity and scale；It is first mixed and disorderly to some growth in selection area
Felling cleaning is carried out with the trees for having pest and disease damage, raw side shoot, clear bole height is then cleared up on trunk and retains 1.7~2.0 m or more；
Debris on the ground, such as deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds and shrub are cleared up, surface soil is exposed；
(3) seedbed preparation and disinfection:
To be unified in the direction on forest land according to row or column according to standing forest seeding row spacing size convenient for management, with it is long by 8~
10 m, wide 1.3~1.5 m specification ground grading are as seedbed；After smooth, anti-grass cloth is set on seedbed upper berth, to avoid rear
Phase weeds propagation and widespread；Then along seedbed two sides, within the scope of 10~15 cm of seedbed edge on ground, every 50cm drill straight diameter 1
~2 cm, 10~15 cm aperture of depth 1, build plastic canopy convenient for the later period；Meanwhile it should entirely educate according to the actual situation
Right quantity gutter is laid and is excavated in seedling region, in order to avoid ponding；After the completion of foregoing work, with isometric mass concentration
0.5% carbendazim+mass concentration, 0.5% Rogor aqueous solution carries out spraying Pesticidal and sterilizing to trunk, branches and leaves and ground；
(4) matrix prepares:
By yellow soil, pine forest surface soil and carbonized rice husks after 3:1:1 is uniformly mixed to get seedling medium by volume, it is packed into conventional
Non-woven fabrics Seedling bag；24 h, next day are placed after sterilizing using 0.2%~0.4% carbendazim aqueous solution of mass concentration to seedling medium
After being cleaned seedling medium with clear water, moving into the seedbed being ready for can be used to cuttage；
(5) tloig-cutlage:
Select the masson pine of 6~10 cm long of robust growth newly pulls and pushes fringe, after 2 h are impregnated in root-growing agent, is inserted directly into and is equipped with
In the Seedling bag of seedling medium；The component of the root-growing agent are as follows: 100 mg/L ABT1+ 25 mg/L NAA+15mg/L take off black
+ 85 mg/L NaH of element2PO4+10 mg/L H2BO3；
(6) it is managed after cuttage:
1. before starting cuttage, first cooperating transparent plastic film in seedbed one end bamboo chip or iron wire, building a height of 40~50
Cm, the arched shed that width is 1.5~1.8 m；Plastic film will tense exceptionally straight on arched shed, three faces soil compaction plastic film, retain
It opens on one side and is used for cuttage, build arched shed in cuttage, after the completion of a seedbed cuttage, end plastic film is compacted, shape
At a complete closure space；A plastic canopy is built in one seedbed, is unified in seedbed the same end and is set up a nameplate, note
Record the information such as cutting time, strain, strain number；
2. in cuttage in 5~October, closed 30~45 d of arched shed after cuttage；The closed period view matrix of arched shed and fringe bar situation, portion
It point lifts and to take off plastic film and spray conventional pesticidal bactericidal agent and keep the skin wet 1~2 time, close plastic film after spraying rapidly,
Arched shed is set to form confined space again；
3. to use the sunshade net that shading rate is 70% ~ 90% to carry out appropriate according to Canopy densities and Lin Nei sunlight radiation situation
Sunshade, avoiding direct sunlight from causing arch, temperature of shed is excessively high burns nursery stock to death；When without sunlight direct projection, sunshade net is removed in time；Hand is touched
When plastic film on arched shed feels hotter, atomized water spray cools down on a plastic film, and daily 2~3 times；
4. observation fringe bar is taken root, situation, in nice and cool early morning or dusk, is partially lifted when fringe bar rooting rate reaches 90% or more
1~2 h of plastic film is taken off, removes plastic film completely after nursery stock adapts to 7~15 d；Quality is applied every 7 d during this period
Concentration is that 0.5%~0.8% conventional compound fertilizer aqueous solution is primary, continuous administration 2 times；When removing film completely, nursery stock is moved into
There is the hardening garden of sunshade net to carry out Routine Management；It can be out of the garden after nursery stock specification reaches standard.
Embodiment 2:
(1) standing forest selects:
Selection, traffic convenience closer apart from cutting orchard, gentle gradient, implantation time 3~4 years or more, canopy density 0.6~0.8, strain
Away from or line-spacing be not less than 2.5 m broad-leaf forest；
(2) standing forest is cleared up:
Area needed for being determined in standing forest according to cultivating seedlings quantity and scale；It is first mixed and disorderly to some growth in selection area
Felling cleaning is carried out with the trees for having pest and disease damage, raw side shoot, clear bole height is then cleared up on trunk and retains 1.7~2.0 m or more；
Debris on the ground, such as deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds and shrub are cleared up, surface soil is exposed；
(3) seedbed preparation and disinfection:
To be unified in the direction on forest land according to row or column according to standing forest seeding row spacing size convenient for management, with it is long by 8~
10 m, wide 1.3~1.5 m specification ground grading are as seedbed；After smooth, anti-grass cloth is set on seedbed upper berth, to avoid rear
Phase weeds propagation and widespread；Then along seedbed two sides, within the scope of 10~15 cm of seedbed edge on ground, every 50 cm drill straight diameters
1~2 cm, 10~15 cm aperture of depth 1, build plastic canopy convenient for the later period；Meanwhile it should according to the actual situation, entire
Right quantity gutter is laid and is excavated in nursery region, in order to avoid ponding；After the completion of foregoing work, with isometric mass concentration
0.5% carbendazim+mass concentration, 0.5% Rogor aqueous solution carries out spraying Pesticidal and sterilizing to trunk, branches and leaves and ground；
(4) matrix prepares:
By yellow soil, pine forest surface soil and carbonized rice husks after 3:1:1 is uniformly mixed to get seedling medium by volume, it is packed into conventional
Non-woven fabrics Seedling bag；24 h, next day are placed after sterilizing using 0.2%~0.4% carbendazim aqueous solution of mass concentration to seedling medium
After being cleaned seedling medium with clear water, moving into the seedbed being ready for can be used to cuttage；
(5) tloig-cutlage:
Select the wet-land pine tree of 6~10 cm long of robust growth newly pulls and pushes fringe, after 4 h are impregnated in root-growing agent, is inserted directly into and is equipped with
In the Seedling bag of seedling medium；The component of the root-growing agent are as follows: 150 mg/L ABT1+ 35 mg/L NAA+15 mg/L take off
+ 85 mg/L NaH of melanocyte2PO4+10 mg/L H2BO3；
(6) it is managed after cuttage:
1. before starting cuttage, first cooperating transparent plastic film in seedbed one end bamboo chip or iron wire, building a height of 40~50
Cm, the arched shed that width is 1.5~1.8 m；Plastic film will tense exceptionally straight on arched shed, three faces soil compaction plastic film, retain
It opens on one side and is used for cuttage, build arched shed in cuttage, after the completion of a seedbed cuttage, end plastic film is compacted, shape
At a complete closure space；A plastic canopy is built in one seedbed, is unified in seedbed the same end and is set up a nameplate, note
Record the information such as cutting time, strain, strain number；
2. in the cuttage in April of November to next year, closed 60~65 d of arched shed after cuttage；The closed period view matrix of arched shed and fringe bar shape
Condition, partially lifts to take off plastic film and spray and conventional pesticidal bactericidal agent and keeps the skin wet 1~2 time, closes plastics after spraying rapidly
Film makes arched shed form confined space again；
3. to use the sunshade net that shading rate is 70% ~ 90% to carry out appropriate according to Canopy densities and Lin Nei sunlight radiation situation
Sunshade, avoiding direct sunlight from causing arch, temperature of shed is excessively high burns nursery stock to death；When without sunlight direct projection, sunshade net is removed in time；Hand is touched
When plastic film on arched shed feels hotter, atomized water spray cools down on a plastic film, and daily 2~3 times；
4. observation fringe bar is taken root, situation, in nice and cool early morning or dusk, is partially lifted when fringe bar rooting rate reaches 90% or more
1~2 h of plastic film is taken off, removes plastic film completely after nursery stock adapts to 7~15 d；Quality is applied every 7 d during this period
Concentration is that 0.5%~0.8% conventional compound fertilizer aqueous solution is primary, continuous administration 2 times；When removing film completely, nursery stock is moved into
There is the hardening garden of sunshade net to carry out Routine Management, can be out of the garden after nursery stock specification reaches standard.
Embodiment 3:
(1) standing forest selects:
Selection, traffic convenience closer apart from cutting orchard, gentle gradient, implantation time 3~4 years or more, canopy density 0.7~0.9, strain
Away from or line-spacing be not less than 2.5 m mixed forest standing forest；
(2) standing forest is cleared up:
Area needed for being determined in standing forest according to cultivating seedlings quantity and scale；It is first mixed and disorderly to some growth in selection area
Felling cleaning is carried out with the trees for having pest and disease damage, raw side shoot, clear bole height is then cleared up on trunk and retains 1.7~2.0 m or more；
Debris on the ground, such as deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds and shrub are cleared up, surface soil is exposed；
(3) seedbed preparation and disinfection:
To be unified in the direction on forest land according to row or column according to standing forest seeding row spacing size convenient for management, with it is long by 8~
10 m, wide 1.3~1.5 m specification ground grading are as seedbed；After smooth, anti-grass cloth is set on seedbed upper berth, to avoid rear
Phase weeds propagation and widespread；Then along seedbed two sides, within the scope of 10~15 cm of seedbed edge on ground, every 50 cm drill straight diameters
1~2 cm, 10~15 cm aperture of depth 1, build plastic canopy convenient for the later period；Meanwhile it should according to the actual situation, entire
Right quantity gutter is laid and is excavated in nursery region, in order to avoid ponding；After the completion of foregoing work, with isometric mass concentration
0.5% carbendazim+mass concentration, 0.5% Rogor aqueous solution carries out spraying Pesticidal and sterilizing to trunk, branches and leaves and ground；
(4) matrix prepares:
By yellow soil, pine forest surface soil and carbonized rice husks after 3:1:1 is uniformly mixed to get seedling medium by volume, it is packed into conventional
Non-woven fabrics Seedling bag；24 h, next day are placed after sterilizing using 0.2%~0.4% carbendazim aqueous solution of mass concentration to seedling medium
After being cleaned seedling medium with clear water, moving into the seedbed being ready for can be used to cuttage；
(5) tloig-cutlage:
Select the torch pine of 6~10 cm long of robust growth newly pulls and pushes fringe, after 1 h is impregnated in root-growing agent, is inserted directly into and is equipped with
In the Seedling bag of seedling medium；The component of the root-growing agent are as follows: 200 mg/L ABT1+ 40 mg/L NAA+20 mg/L take off
+ 85 mg/L NaH of melanocyte2PO4+10 mg/L H2BO3；
(6) it is managed after cuttage:
1. before starting cuttage, first cooperating transparent plastic film in seedbed one end bamboo chip or iron wire, building a height of 40~50
Cm, the arched shed that width is 1.5~1.8 m；Plastic film will tense exceptionally straight on arched shed, three faces soil compaction plastic film, retain
It opens on one side and is used for cuttage, build arched shed in cuttage, after the completion of a seedbed cuttage, end plastic film is compacted, shape
At a complete closure space；A plastic canopy is built in one seedbed, is unified in seedbed the same end and is set up a nameplate, note
Record the information such as cutting time, strain, strain number；
2. in cuttage in 5~October, closed 30~45 d of arched shed after cuttage；The closed period view matrix of arched shed and fringe bar situation, portion
It point lifts and to take off plastic film and spray conventional pesticidal bactericidal agent and keep the skin wet 1~2 time, close plastic film after spraying rapidly,
Arched shed is set to form confined space again；
3. to use the sunshade net that shading rate is 70% ~ 90% to carry out appropriate according to Canopy densities and Lin Nei sunlight radiation situation
Sunshade, avoiding direct sunlight from causing arch, temperature of shed is excessively high burns nursery stock to death；When without sunlight direct projection, sunshade net is removed in time；Hand is touched
When plastic film on arched shed feels hotter, atomized water spray cools down on a plastic film, and daily 2~3 times；
4. observation fringe bar is taken root, situation, in nice and cool early morning or dusk, is partially lifted when fringe bar rooting rate reaches 90% or more
1~2 h of plastic film is taken off, removes plastic film completely after nursery stock adapts to 7~15 d；Quality is applied every 7 d during this period
Concentration is that 0.5%~0.8% conventional compound fertilizer aqueous solution is primary, continuous administration 2 times；When removing film completely, nursery stock is moved into
There is the hardening garden of sunshade net to carry out Routine Management, can be out of the garden after nursery stock specification reaches standard.
Embodiment 4:
(1) standing forest selects:
Selection, traffic convenience closer apart from cutting orchard, gentle gradient, implantation time 3~4 years or more, canopy density 0.5~0.9, strain
Away from or line-spacing be not less than 2.5 m coniferous forest；
(2) standing forest is cleared up:
Area needed for being determined in standing forest according to cultivating seedlings quantity and scale；It is first mixed and disorderly to some growth in selection area
Felling cleaning is carried out with the trees for having pest and disease damage, raw side shoot, clear bole height is then cleared up on trunk and retains 1.7~2.0 m or more；
Debris on the ground, such as deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds and shrub are cleared up, surface soil is exposed；
(3) seedbed preparation and disinfection:
To be unified in the direction on forest land according to row or column according to standing forest seeding row spacing size convenient for management, with it is long by 8~
10 m, wide 1.3~1.5 m specification ground grading are as seedbed；After smooth, anti-grass cloth is set on seedbed upper berth, to avoid rear
Phase weeds propagation and widespread；Then along seedbed two sides, within the scope of 10~15 cm of seedbed edge on ground, every 50 cm drill straight diameters
1~2 cm, 10~15 cm aperture of depth 1, build plastic canopy convenient for the later period；Meanwhile it should according to the actual situation, entire
Right quantity gutter is laid and is excavated in nursery region, in order to avoid ponding；After the completion of foregoing work, with isometric mass concentration
0.5% carbendazim+mass concentration, 0.5% Rogor aqueous solution carries out spraying Pesticidal and sterilizing to trunk, branches and leaves and ground；
(4) matrix prepares:
By yellow soil, pine forest surface soil and carbonized rice husks after 3:1:1 is uniformly mixed to get seedling medium by volume, it is packed into conventional
Non-woven fabrics Seedling bag；24 h, next day are placed after sterilizing using 0.2%~0.4% carbendazim aqueous solution of mass concentration to seedling medium
After being cleaned matrix with clear water, moving into the seedbed being ready for can be used to cuttage；
(5) tloig-cutlage:
The wet plus pine of selection 6~10 cm long of robust growth newly pulls and pushes fringe, after 1.5 h are impregnated in root-growing agent, is inserted directly into dress
Have in the Seedling bag of seedling medium；The component of the root-growing agent are as follows: 200 mg/L ABT1+50 mg/L NAA+15mg/L
+ 85 mg/L NaH of epiphysin2PO4+10 mg/L H2BO3；
(6) it is managed after cuttage:
1. before starting cuttage, first cooperating transparent plastic film in seedbed one end bamboo chip or iron wire, building a height of 40~50
Cm, the arched shed that width is 1.5~1.8 m；Plastic film will tense exceptionally straight on arched shed, three faces soil compaction plastic film, retain
It opens on one side and is used for cuttage, build arched shed in cuttage, after the completion of a seedbed cuttage, end plastic film is compacted, shape
At a complete closure space；A plastic canopy is built in one seedbed, is unified in seedbed the same end and is set up a nameplate, note
Record the information such as cutting time, strain, strain number；
2. in the cuttage in April of November to next year, closed 60~65 d of arched shed after cuttage；The closed period view matrix of arched shed and fringe bar shape
Condition, partially lifts to take off plastic film and spray and conventional pesticidal bactericidal agent and keeps the skin wet 1~2 time, closes plastics after spraying rapidly
Film makes arched shed form confined space again；
3. to use the sunshade net that shading rate is 70% ~ 90% to carry out appropriate according to Canopy densities and Lin Nei sunlight radiation situation
Sunshade, avoiding direct sunlight from causing arch, temperature of shed is excessively high burns nursery stock to death；When without sunlight direct projection, sunshade net is removed in time；Hand is touched
When plastic film on arched shed feels hotter, atomized water spray cools down on a plastic film, and daily 2~3 times；
4. observation fringe bar is taken root, situation, in nice and cool early morning or dusk, is partially lifted when fringe bar rooting rate reaches 90% or more
1~2 h of plastic film is taken off, removes plastic film completely after nursery stock adapts to 7~15 d；Quality is applied every 7 d during this period
Concentration is that 0.5%~0.8% conventional compound fertilizer aqueous solution is primary, continuous administration 2 times；When removing film completely, nursery stock is moved into
There is the hardening garden of sunshade net to carry out Routine Management, can be out of the garden after nursery stock specification reaches standard.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method of Southern Pine cuttage seeding hayashishita scale breeding, it is characterised in that: including standing forest selection, standing forest cleaning, seedling
Bed prepares to prepare with disinfection, matrix, manages process after tloig-cutlage and cuttage, select implantation time 3~4 years or more, canopy density
0.5~0.9 coniferous forest, broad-leaf forest or mixed forest standing forest, needed for being determined in standing forest according to cultivating seedlings quantity and scale
Area and the cleaning for carrying out standing forest are unified on forest land according to the direction ground grading of row or column as seedbed, to trunk, branch
Leaf and ground carry out spraying Pesticidal and sterilizing；Selection Southern Pine newly pulls and pushes fringe, in root-growing agent after immersion treatment, is inserted directly into dress
Have in the Seedling bag of seedling medium, arched shed is built in cuttage, the management after carrying out cuttage, finally moving into nursery stock has sunshade net
Hardening garden carry out Routine Management, nursery stock specification can be out of the garden after reaching standard；Main operational steps are as follows:
(1) standing forest selects:
Selection, traffic convenience closer apart from cutting orchard, gentle gradient, implantation time 3~4 years or more, canopy density 0.5~0.9, strain
Away from or line-spacing be not less than 2.5 m coniferous forest, broad-leaf forest or mixed forest standing forest；
(2) standing forest is cleared up:
Area needed for being determined in standing forest according to cultivating seedlings quantity and scale；It is first mixed and disorderly to some growth in selection area
Felling cleaning is carried out with the trees for having pest and disease damage, raw side shoot, clear bole height is then cleared up on trunk and retains 1.7~2.0 m or more；
Debris on the ground is cleared up, surface soil is exposed；
(3) seedbed preparation and disinfection:
The direction ground grading on forest land according to row or column is unified in as seedbed；After smooth, set up defences on seedbed upper berth
Careless cloth；Then along seedbed two sides, on ground, an aperture is being bored every 50 cm within the scope of 10~15 cm of seedbed edge,
Plastic canopy is built convenient for the later period；Gutter is laid and excavates in entire nursery region, in order to avoid ponding；It is completed to foregoing work
Afterwards, trunk, branches and leaves and ground are sprayed with isometric 0.5% carbendazim of mass concentration+mass concentration, 0.5% Rogor aqueous solution
Mist Pesticidal and sterilizing；
(4) matrix prepares:
By yellow soil, pine forest surface soil and carbonized rice husks after 3:1:1 is uniformly mixed to get seedling medium by volume, it is packed into conventional
Non-woven fabrics Seedling bag；24 h, next day are placed after sterilizing using 0.2%~0.4% carbendazim aqueous solution of mass concentration to seedling medium
After being cleaned seedling medium with clear water, moving into the seedbed being ready for can be used to cuttage；
(5) tloig-cutlage:
Select the Southern Pine of 6~10 cm long of robust growth newly pulls and pushes fringe, after impregnating 1~4 h in root-growing agent, is inserted directly into
In Seedling bag equipped with seedling medium；
(6) it is managed after cuttage:
1. before starting cuttage, first cooperating transparent plastic film in seedbed one end bamboo chip or iron wire, building arched shed；It is moulded on arched shed
Material film will tense exceptionally straight, three faces soil compaction plastic film, retain one side and open for cuttage, arch is built in cuttage
End plastic film is compacted by canopy after the completion of a seedbed cuttage, forms a complete closure space；
2. in cuttage in 5~October, closed 30~45 d of arched shed after cuttage；In the cuttage in April of November to next year, arched shed is close after cuttage
Close 60~65 d；Arched shed closed period view matrix and fringe bar situation, partially lift take off plastic film spray conventional pesticidal bactericidal agent and
It keeps the skin wet 1~2 time, closes plastic film after spraying rapidly, arched shed is made to form confined space again；
3. to use the sunshade net that shading rate is 70% ~ 90% to carry out appropriate according to Canopy densities and Lin Nei sunlight radiation situation
Sunshade, avoiding direct sunlight from causing arch, temperature of shed is excessively high burns nursery stock to death；When without sunlight direct projection, sunshade net is removed in time；Hand is touched
When plastic film on arched shed feels hotter, atomized water spray cools down on a plastic film, and daily 2~3 times；
4. observation fringe bar is taken root, situation, in nice and cool early morning or dusk, is partially lifted when fringe bar rooting rate reaches 90% or more
1~2 h of plastic film is taken off, removes plastic film completely after nursery stock adapts to 7~15 d；Quality is applied every 7 d during this period
Concentration is that 0.5%~0.8% conventional compound fertilizer aqueous solution is primary, continuous administration 2 times；When removing film completely, nursery stock is moved into
There is the hardening garden of sunshade net to carry out Routine Management, nursery stock specification can be out of the garden after reaching standard.
2. the method for Southern Pine cuttage seeding hayashishita scale breeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (2) institute
The specification in the seedbed stated is long 8~10 m, wide 1.3~1.5 m；The specification of aperture described in step (2) be 1~2 cm of diameter,
10~15 cm of depth.
3. the method for Southern Pine cuttage seeding hayashishita scale breeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (5) institute
The component for the root-growing agent stated are as follows: 100~200 mg/L ABT1+ 85 mg/ of+25 ~ 50 mg/L of mg/L NAA+15 ~ 20 epiphysin
L NaH2PO4+10 mg/L H2BO3。
4. the method for Southern Pine cuttage seeding hayashishita scale breeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (6) institute
The specification for the arched shed stated is a height of 40~50 cm, width is 1.5~1.8 m.
5. the method for Southern Pine cuttage seeding hayashishita scale breeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the south
Pine is masson pine, wet-land pine tree, torch pine and wet plus pine.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910617243.2A CN110506517B (en) | 2019-07-10 | 2019-07-10 | Method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cutting seedlings |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910617243.2A CN110506517B (en) | 2019-07-10 | 2019-07-10 | Method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cutting seedlings |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110506517A true CN110506517A (en) | 2019-11-29 |
| CN110506517B CN110506517B (en) | 2021-08-13 |
Family
ID=68623341
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910617243.2A Active CN110506517B (en) | 2019-07-10 | 2019-07-10 | Method for understory scale breeding of southern pine cutting seedlings |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110506517B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114009231A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-08 | 石河子大学 | Fast hard branch cutting seedling raising method for punica granatum with soft seeds |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103168605A (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2013-06-26 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Baeckea green branch cuttage vegetative rapid propagation method |
| CN104521531A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-04-22 | 湖南省森林植物园 | Method for culturing paris polyphylla through kiwi fruit woodland |
| CN104604495A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-05-13 | 河南科技学院 | Under-forest radix tetrastigme planting method imitating wild condition |
| CN104839017A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-19 | 西北大学 | Application of melatonin in promotion of rooting and root development of gynura divaricata |
| CN104904448A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2015-09-16 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所海南分所 | Rapid breeding method for huperziaserrata seedlings |
| CN105493818A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-20 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Method for breeding alpinia oxyphylla seedlings under rubber trees |
-
2019
- 2019-07-10 CN CN201910617243.2A patent/CN110506517B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103168605A (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2013-06-26 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Baeckea green branch cuttage vegetative rapid propagation method |
| CN104904448A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2015-09-16 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所海南分所 | Rapid breeding method for huperziaserrata seedlings |
| CN104521531A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-04-22 | 湖南省森林植物园 | Method for culturing paris polyphylla through kiwi fruit woodland |
| CN104604495A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-05-13 | 河南科技学院 | Under-forest radix tetrastigme planting method imitating wild condition |
| CN104839017A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-19 | 西北大学 | Application of melatonin in promotion of rooting and root development of gynura divaricata |
| CN105493818A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-20 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Method for breeding alpinia oxyphylla seedlings under rubber trees |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 吴雪霞 等: "外源褪黑素对低温胁迫下茄子幼苗生长及其光合作用和抗氧化系统的影响", 《西北植物学报》 * |
| 常金财 等: "湿加松外植体消毒及初始培养基筛选研究", 《中国农学通报》 * |
| 张应中 等: "湿加松扦插繁殖配套技术", 《广东林业科技》 * |
| 马凯 等: "蔬菜不定根形成调控机制研究进展", 《中国瓜菜》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114009231A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-08 | 石河子大学 | Fast hard branch cutting seedling raising method for punica granatum with soft seeds |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110506517B (en) | 2021-08-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103238497B (en) | Tail-spreading type shaping planting method for grapes | |
| CN103430805B (en) | Shaping cultivation method of peach tree shape with two boughs and one center truck | |
| CN103749238B (en) | Tara vine breed breeding and Fruiting And High Yield Cultivation Techniques | |
| CN104106382B (en) | The propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima | |
| CN103988649B (en) | A kind of large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method | |
| CN103430806B (en) | Reshaping and cultivating method of pear tree with single trunk and two main branches | |
| CN104429550A (en) | Method for artificially planting parispolyphylla | |
| CN106134805B (en) | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting | |
| CN105993626A (en) | Cultivation method for potted camellia nitidissima | |
| CN103975773B (en) | The color leaf of racemosus views and admires the artificial culturing method of moulding bonsai tree | |
| CN103975739A (en) | Propagation method of lithocarpus polysachyus rehd young stock grafting container-grown seedling | |
| CN104982300A (en) | Arid desert region protection forest system construction method | |
| CN105230353A (en) | Method for grafting and shaping tree bodies of perennial seedling walnut trees | |
| CN110999709A (en) | Method for recovering vegetation in improved stony desertification soil | |
| CN108605537A (en) | A kind of method of purplefruit holly leaf epicormic branch cutting | |
| CN103975775A (en) | Artificial cultivation method for multi-layer colored-leaf ornamental type bonsai trees | |
| CN104969747A (en) | Method for rapidly cultivating spindle trees indoors | |
| CN103975774A (en) | Artificial cultivation method for multi-head colorful-leaf viewing modeling bonsai tree | |
| CN103947433A (en) | One-step seedling forming method of bletilla striata tissue culture corm and substrate adopted by one-step seedling forming method | |
| CN106105666A (en) | A kind of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) and Ramulus Uncariae Cum Uncis interplanting method | |
| CN103804070B (en) | A kind of Herba Anoectochili roxburghii cultivation assists material and returns crude culture method | |
| CN102487685A (en) | Factory seedling-culturing method for dwarf bamboos | |
| CN102771304B (en) | Method for cuttage seedling of buerretiodendron hsienmu at all seasons | |
| CN104429480A (en) | Taxodium zhongshansha 406 hard wood cutting simple culture method | |
| CN103238495B (en) | Method for landscaping by peach tree |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |