CN103609283A - Method for planting yams - Google Patents
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- CN103609283A CN103609283A CN201310575495.6A CN201310575495A CN103609283A CN 103609283 A CN103609283 A CN 103609283A CN 201310575495 A CN201310575495 A CN 201310575495A CN 103609283 A CN103609283 A CN 103609283A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting yams. The method includes steps of selecting seeds and accelerating germination; preparing lands and ditching the lands; performing shallow directional planting and applying fertilizers; managing water; controlling and preventing pests; harvesting the yams. A cultivation technology implemented by the aid of shallow directional PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plates is adopted, so that shortcomings of constraints of suitable soil types and terrains and factors such as high harvesting labor intensity, easiness in injuring tubers, influence on storage on large-area development of yams can be overcome, the traditional time-wasting, labor-wasting, low-yield and low-efficiency cultivation production conditions can be changed, the method has the advantages of wide suitable lands, quick tuberization, easiness in harvesting, high yield and quality and the like, and the high-quality yams can be efficiently cultivated and are high in yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of a kind of crops, specifically the implantation methods of a kind of Chinese yam, belongs to proportion of crop planting technical field.
Background technology
Chinese yam is the dry rhizome of Dioscoreaceae plant Chinese yam Dioscorea opposita Thunb., and its taste is sweet, property flat, enters lung, spleen, kidney channel; Not dry oiliness; Have and strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lung, beneficial stomach kidney tonifying, the benefit of reinforcing the kidney essence, hearing-improing and eyesight improving, help the five internal organs, strengthening the bones and muscles, grow the effect that will is calmed the nerves, promoted longevity; Cure mainly that weakness of the spleen and the stomach, lassitude, poor appetite, chronic diarrhea and dysentery, Lung Qi deficiency are dry, asthma due to excessive phlegm cough, kidney qi loss, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, lower limb impotence are weak, the red illness such as swollen, fat of the frequent micturition of quenching one's thirst, seminal emission premature ejaculation, the lower gonorrhoea of band, skin.Fresh Chinese yam is a kind of daily food, can be used as vegetables edible, medicinal during Gan Huaishan enters.
Reported and utilized Huai Shan to process various food, as patent ZL200910223230.3 discloses a kind of method for producing common yam rhizome soy sauce, feature is that Huai Shan is cleaned, cut into slices, mix with soybean after cooking and admix wheat flour, its proportion material weight ratio is fresh Huai Shan: soybean: wheat flour is 1.5: 1: 0.4, and after fermenting twice, filter is carried and being formed; Patent ZL200910115801.1 discloses a kind of preparation technology of yam convenient porridge; Patent ZL201110163696.6 discloses a kind of method that three bent two enzyme cold fermentation methods are brewageed mountain, Huaihe River yellow rice wine, and patent ZL200810049006.2 discloses a kind of iron rod yam dumplings and preparation thereof.
Traditional mountain, Huaihe River planting technology needs zanjon plantation and deep-cuts and gather, time-consuming, and very easily damages stem tuber.Application mountain, Huaihe River shallow raw groove directional cultivation technology, need not deep-cut hole during plantation, but Huai Shan is planted in advance on the horizontal shallow raw groove burying, only need be with simple tool while gathering or with the hands push table soil aside.
Patent ZL201010148911.0 discloses a kind of yam planting method, the method is to grow seedlings seed overlay film is several in the middle ten days and the last ten days in March, after having terminal bud to grow, can be used as seedling transplants, after soil thaws, after rake soil, play railway carriage or compartment, ditching in railway carriage or compartment, in ditch, two row's guide pipes are put in association, and seedling root is placed in guide pipe, make seedling expose mouth of pipe 3-5cm, with soil, seedling and guide pipe are fixed, carried out conventional field management, built when height of seedling 10-20cm, climing withered can the results completely of terrestrial stem of Chinese yam, dig out guide pipe, take out Chinese yam.Patent ZL201010103501.4 discloses a kind of yam planting method, and the step of the method is as follows: a. is standby fertile; B. water; C. illumination is sufficient; D. growing and cultivation; E. pouring; F. fertilising; G. management; H. receive and dig; I. collecting earth in woven bag or gunnysack reuses.Invention CN 102687633 B disclose a kind of yam cultivation method and have comprised following step
Rapid: 1) by after the soil rotary tillage of farming operation layer, to dig out the above topsoil of tillage pan in yam planting band, and be deposited in the long side outside growth belt; 2) on the tillage pan exposing, along with yam planting band move towards perpendicular direction excavation by a long side towards the downward-sloping U shape directional planting groove of another long side, the angle of inclination is 10～20 °; 3) on the U-shaped directional planting groove digging, cover the loose soil layer of 3-10cm, then the farming operation layer soil backfill that is stacked at growth belt one long side is covered in growth belt on loose soil layer, form back fill course; 4) in the loose soil layer of the high order end of tillage pan U-shaped directional planting groove, sow Chinese yam seed.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide the implantation methods of a kind of Chinese yam, this implantation methods has adopted the directed PVC plate of shallow life culture technique, can overcome the suitable kind of soil types and the landform restriction that hinder the development of Chinese yam large area, large, the easy to operate potato piece of the labour intensity of gathering, the factors such as impact storage, change traditional cultivation time-consuming, take a lot of work and require great effort, the production status of low yield poor efficiency, there is the features of fine quality such as suitable kind of ground is wide, fast, the easy results of knot potato, output, can realize high yield, high-quality, Efficient Cultivation.
For addressing the above problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the implantation methods of a kind of Chinese yam, comprises the steps:
(1) seed selection, vernalization: select healthy potato kind, the stripping and slicing newly gather, the every heavy 80-100g of potato piece, potato piece otch dips in lime or ash, head, in, tail and large fraction stack respectively; Vernalization before plantation, with clear water, rinse rear with 800 times of immersion kind 10-15 minute of 25% meter of acid amides, taking-up is dried, indoor, potato piece be paved on 15cm thickness bonnet to wet straw or by covering fine earth 5-10cm after potato kind paving 10cm, cover again wet straw on smooth furrow face, while growing eye, can transplant, during plantation, only stay a healthy and strong bud, all the other are erased;
(2) whole ground, trench digging: adopt single file plantation, every furrow bag furrow width 1.3-1.7m, ditch depth 15-30cm, excavates the parallel valley of wide 7-10cm at whole good furrow face, and after trench digging, at the bottom of compacting valley, mu is planted 1400-1600 strain;
(3) shallow raw directional planting: put into the directed PVC plate of shallow life along valley, fill up inserts in valley gutter, enrich with earth on valley limit, mark is stayed in valley upper end, at 3-4cm place, valley upper end, mark as sowing localizing objects, and place potato kind at the flat PVC plate of mark face, and fertilising, after fertilising, return earth mulch and live potato kind, smooth furrow face, with the wide black film mulching furrow face lower end of 1cm, 25-30cm open country stays in furrow upper end potato seedling portion, mulch film mud gland;
(4) topdress: after neat seedling, every 15-25 days topdresses once, connects and executes 3-4 time, and each every mu of sealing fertilizer 30-50kg, answers earthing after fertilising; After rain or after pouring water, apply fertilizer, after furrow ditch level, just can apply fertilizer;
(5) water management: adopt conventional water management method, drouth is poured water, the timely draining of two seasons, the quick expanding stage of potato piece in September to November, keeps ground moistening;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: every mu with chlorophos 480-520g or match red 230-270g and mix with water 50-80kg, spray Huai Shan field face control of grubs; Spraying after every mu of use gram mite gram 180-220g, sulphur colloidal suspending agent 230-270g, carbendazim or topsin 90-120g, water 40-60kg mix, control two spotted spider mite, leaf spot and charcoal are sick;
(7) gather: while gathering, light blading is opened soil layer, whole piece potato taken out, retain the directed PVC plate of shallow life, under make again refill inserts in PVC plate valley, return the whole good furrow of soil, when favorable season, plant.
The directed PVC plate of described shallow life is different according to mountain, Huaihe River kind, and PVC plate is cut into different size, to adapt to Huai Shan growth; Mountain, described Huaihe River kind is spire when dark, and the directed PVC plate gauge of shallow life lattice are long 110-130cm, the plate of wide 5-8cm, and mountain, Huaihe River kind is great Ye when dark, the directed PVC plate gauge of shallow life lattice are long 110-130cm, the plate of wide 7-10cm.
Described valley is preferably gradient 13-17 °, the U-shaped valley of upper and lower side discrepancy in elevation 25-30cm.
Described inserts is preferably fresh red saprolite that 4-8 mesh sieve sieved or fresh yellow saprolite.
During described shallow raw directional planting, potato kind is placed and fertilizing method is: while placing potato kind, make kind of a bud eye be positioned at PVC plate centre and upwards unnecessary eye be erased, at every strain sealing fertilizer 18-22g between two valley heads or execute ash 180-220kg, decomposed manure 900-1200kg between two valley heads.
During described shallow raw directional planting, once, there is the local plantation of mountain, Huaihe River melanoderma, after filling up PVC plate valley gutter, then on upper strata, covered one deck containing the thin sand of 45-60% pulverized limestone, itself and mold are separated.
Implantation methods of the present invention, suitable implantation time is more suitable with plantation during " Slight Heat " to " Great Heat ", can avoid that typhoon is multiple, high temperature and humidity and sick worm multiple season, effectively reduces medication number of times, prevents the excessive growth of rattan leaf, is beneficial to potato piece and improves output; In this implantation time plantation, preferably collecting time, for after planting the New Year's Day of next year, is gathered May always.Meanwhile, in this implantation time plantation, the extermination of disease and insect pest is being advisable by the end of September.
Implantation methods of the present invention gets final product built after sowing, the same with tradition plantation built, notes can not being inserted on pvc plate valley when slotting hedge bamboo, and a seedling is only stayed in every strain, and all the other grow and extract.
The present invention with respect to the beneficial effect of prior art is:
(1) adopted the directed PVC plate of shallow life planting technology, near earth's surface constant slope directional growth, tying potato, can overcome the suitable kind of soil types and the landform restriction that hinder the development of Chinese yam large area, large, the easy to operate potato piece of the labour intensity of gathering, the factors such as impact storage, change traditional cultivation time-consuming, take a lot of work and require great effort, the production status of low yield poor efficiency, there is the features of fine quality such as suitable kind of ground is wide, fast, the easy results of knot potato, output, can realize high yield, high-quality, Efficient Cultivation;
(2) in the present invention the placement gradient of the directed PVC plate of shallow life (with horizontal sextant angle) with plantation with to gather in the crops easy difficult Degree of Accord Relation close, gradient is larger, the amount of labour used is more, gradient hour, the amount of labour used is few and more to bring into play shallow raw day and night temperature large, the advantage that long potato is fast, but the easy arch of the too little potato piece of gradient is curved, through the placement gradient of the present invention that repeatedly repeated test finally obtains, can obtain best cultivation effect;
(3) the aobvious faintly acid of inserts of selecting, has the advantages that not carry disease germs, do not harden, and in conjunction with technology of the present invention, can make planting process be easy to carry out, and obtains the Huaihe River mountain products product of high-quality;
(4) adopt implantation methods of the present invention to compare with conventional method, per mu yield increases 370-550 kilogram, the Chinese yam French fries neat and consistent of producing, evenly full, smooth, color of the leather is beautiful, potato piece machinery is hindered less, commodity rate is high, commodity value is high.
embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is described in further details, these embodiment are only used for illustrating the present invention, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1 adopts following steps to realize implantation methods of the present invention:
(1) seed selection, vernalization: select healthy spire remote mountains Mexician scammony kind, the stripping and slicing newly gather, the every heavy 100g of potato piece, potato piece otch dips in lime, head, in, tail and large fraction stack respectively; Vernalization before plantation, after rinsing with clear water by 800 times of immersion kinds of 25% meter of acid amides 10 minutes, taking-up is dried, indoor, potato piece be paved on 15cm thickness bonnet to wet straw or by covering fine earth 5-8cm after potato kind paving 10cm, cover again wet straw on smooth furrow face, while growing eye, can transplant, during plantation, only stay a healthy and strong bud, all the other are erased;
(2) whole ground, trench digging: adopt single file plantation, every furrow bag furrow width 1.5m, ditch depth 25cm, excavates the parallel valley of wide 8cm at whole good furrow face, and after trench digging, at the bottom of compacting valley, mu is planted 1500 strains; The valley that excavates is 15 ° of gradients, the U-shaped valley of upper and lower side discrepancy in elevation 28cm;
(3) shallow raw directional planting: plant " Slight Heat " latter 5 days, prepare long 120cm in advance, the directed PVC plate of the shallow life plate of wide 6cm, along valley, put into the directed PVC plate of shallow life, in valley gutter, fill up the fresh red saprolite inserts that 6 mesh sieves sieved, enrich with earth on valley limit, mark is stayed in valley upper end, at 3cm place, valley upper end, mark as sowing localizing objects, and place potato kind at the flat PVC plate of mark face, while placing potato kind, make kind of a bud eye be positioned at PVC plate centre and upwards unnecessary eye be erased, at every strain sealing fertilizer 20g between two valley heads or execute ash 200kg between two valley heads, decomposed manure 1000kg, after fertilising, return earth mulch and live potato kind, smooth furrow face, with the wide black film mulching furrow face lower end of 1cm, 30cm open country stays in furrow upper end potato seedling portion, mulch film mud gland,
(4) topdress: after neat seedling, within every 20 days, topdress once, connect and execute 34 times, each every mu of sealing fertilizer 40kg, answers earthing after fertilising; After rain or after pouring water, apply fertilizer, after furrow ditch level, just can apply fertilizer;
(5) water management: adopt conventional water management method, drouth is poured water, the timely draining of two seasons, the quick expanding stage of potato piece in September to November, keeps ground moistening;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: every mu with chlorophos 500g or match red 250g and mix with water 60kg by the end of September, spray Chinese yam field face control of grubs; Spraying after every mu of use gram mite gram 200g, sulphur colloidal suspending agent 250g, carbendazim or topsin 100g, water 50kg mix, control two spotted spider mite, leaf spot and charcoal are sick;
(7) gather: open later and make to pluck the New Year's Day of plantation next year, gathers May, while gathering always, light blading is opened soil layer, and whole piece potato is taken out, and retains the directed PVC plate of shallow life, under make again refill inserts in PVC plate valley, return the whole good furrow of soil, when favorable season, plant.
Embodiment 2 adopts following steps to realize implantation methods of the present invention:
(1) seed selection, vernalization: select healthy great Ye remote mountains Mexician scammony kind, the stripping and slicing newly gather, the every heavy 80g of potato piece, potato piece otch dips in ash, head, in, tail and large fraction stack respectively; Vernalization before plantation, after rinsing with clear water by 800 times of immersion kinds of 25% meter of acid amides 12 minutes, taking-up is dried, indoor, potato piece be paved on 15cm thickness bonnet to wet straw or by covering fine earth 8cm after potato kind paving 10cm, cover again wet straw on smooth furrow face, while growing eye, can transplant, during plantation, only stay a healthy and strong bud, all the other are erased;
(2) whole ground, trench digging: adopt single file plantation, every furrow bag furrow width 1.3m, ditch depth 15cm, excavates the parallel valley of wide 7cm at whole good furrow face, and after trench digging, at the bottom of compacting valley, mu is planted 1600 strains; The valley that excavates is 13 ° of gradients, the U-shaped valley of upper and lower side discrepancy in elevation 25cm;
(3) shallow raw directional planting: plant " Slight Heat " latter 8 days, prepare long 120cm in advance, the directed PVC plate of the shallow life plate of wide 8cm, along valley, put into the directed PVC plate of shallow life, in valley gutter, fill up the fresh yellow saprolite inserts that 8 mesh sieves sieved, enrich with earth on valley limit, mark is stayed in valley upper end, at 4cm place, valley upper end, mark as sowing localizing objects, and place potato kind at the flat PVC plate of mark face, while placing potato kind, make kind of a bud eye be positioned at PVC plate centre and upwards unnecessary eye be erased, in every strain between two valley heads, execute compound 22g or execute ash 220kg between two valley heads, decomposed manure 1200kg, after fertilising, return earth mulch and live potato kind, smooth furrow face, with the wide black film mulching furrow face lower end of 1cm, 25cm open country stays in furrow upper end potato seedling portion, mulch film mud gland,
(4) topdress: after neat seedling, within every 25 days, topdress once, connect and execute 4 times, each every mu of sealing fertilizer 30kg, answers earthing after fertilising; After rain or after pouring water, apply fertilizer, after furrow ditch level, just can apply fertilizer;
(5) water management: adopt conventional water management method, drouth is poured water, the timely draining of two seasons, the quick expanding stage of potato piece in September to November, keeps ground moistening;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: every mu with chlorophos 480g or match red 270g and mix with water 50kg by the end of September, spray Chinese yam field face control of grubs; Spraying after every mu of use gram mite gram 180g, sulphur colloidal suspending agent 230g, carbendazim or topsin 90g, water 40kg mix, control two spotted spider mite, leaf spot and charcoal are sick;
(7) gather: open later and make to pluck the New Year's Day of plantation next year, gathers May, while gathering always, light blading is opened soil layer, and whole piece potato is taken out, and retains the directed PVC plate of shallow life, under make again refill inserts in PVC plate valley, return the whole good furrow of soil, when favorable season, plant.
Embodiment 3 adopts following steps to realize implantation methods of the present invention:
(1) seed selection, vernalization: select healthy potato kind, the stripping and slicing newly gather, the every heavy 100g of potato piece, potato piece otch dips in lime, head, in, tail and large fraction stack respectively; Vernalization before plantation, after rinsing with clear water by 800 times of immersion kinds of 25% meter of acid amides 15 minutes, taking-up is dried, indoor, potato piece be paved on 15cm thickness bonnet to wet straw or by covering fine earth 10cm after potato kind paving 10cm, cover again wet straw on smooth furrow face, while growing eye, can transplant, during plantation, only stay a healthy and strong bud, all the other are erased;
(2) whole ground, trench digging: adopt single file plantation, every furrow bag furrow width 1.7m, ditch depth 30cm, excavates the parallel valley of wide 10cm at whole good furrow face, and after trench digging, at the bottom of compacting valley, mu is planted 1400 strains; The valley that excavates is 17 ° of gradients, the U-shaped valley of upper and lower side discrepancy in elevation 30cm;
(3) shallow raw directional planting: plant " Slight Heat " latter 8 days, prepare long 120cm in advance, the directed PVC plate of the shallow life plate of wide 8cm, along valley, put into the directed PVC plate of shallow life, in valley gutter, fill up fresh red saprolite that 4 mesh sieves sieved or fresh yellow saprolite inserts, enrich with earth on valley limit, mark is stayed in valley upper end, at 3cm place, valley upper end, mark as sowing localizing objects, and place potato kind at the flat PVC plate of mark face, while placing potato kind, make kind of a bud eye be positioned at PVC plate centre and upwards unnecessary eye be erased, at every strain sealing fertilizer 18g between two valley heads or execute ash 180kg between two valley heads, decomposed manure 900kg, after fertilising, return earth mulch and live potato kind, smooth furrow face, with the wide black film mulching furrow face lower end of 1cm, 25cm open country stays in furrow upper end potato seedling portion, mulch film mud gland,
(4) topdress: after neat seedling, within every 15 days, topdress once, connect and execute 3 times, each every mu of sealing fertilizer 50kg, answers earthing after fertilising; After rain or after pouring water, apply fertilizer, after furrow ditch level, just can apply fertilizer;
(5) water management: adopt conventional water management method, drouth is poured water, the timely draining of two seasons, the quick expanding stage of potato piece in September to November, keeps ground moistening;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: every mu with chlorophos 520g or match red 230g and mix with water 80kg by the end of September, spray Chinese yam field face control of grubs; Spraying after every mu of use gram mite gram 220g, sulphur colloidal suspending agent 270g, carbendazim or topsin 120g, water 60kg mix, control two spotted spider mite, leaf spot and charcoal are sick;
(7) gather: open later and make to pluck the New Year's Day of plantation next year, gathers May, while gathering always, light blading is opened soil layer, and whole piece potato is taken out, and retains the directed PVC plate of shallow life, under make again refill inserts in PVC plate valley, return the whole good furrow of soil, when favorable season, plant.
Claims (6)
1. a yam planting method, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) seed selection, vernalization: select healthy potato kind, the stripping and slicing newly gather, the every heavy 80-100g of potato piece, potato piece otch dips in lime or ash, head, in, tail and large fraction stack respectively; Vernalization before plantation, with clear water, rinse rear with 800 times of immersion kind 10-15 minute of 25% meter of acid amides, taking-up is dried, indoor, potato piece be paved on 15cm thickness bonnet to wet straw or by covering fine earth 5-10cm after potato kind paving 10cm, cover again wet straw on smooth furrow face, while growing eye, can transplant, during plantation, only stay a healthy and strong bud, all the other are erased;
(2) whole ground, trench digging: adopt single file plantation, every furrow bag furrow width 1.3-1.7m, ditch depth 15-30cm, excavates the parallel valley of wide 7-10cm at whole good furrow face, and after trench digging, at the bottom of compacting valley, mu is planted 1400-1600 strain;
(3) shallow raw directional planting: put into the directed PVC plate of shallow life along valley, fill up inserts in valley gutter, enrich with earth on valley limit, mark is stayed in valley upper end, at 3-4cm place, valley upper end, mark as sowing localizing objects, and place potato kind at the flat PVC plate of mark face, and fertilising, after fertilising, return earth mulch and live potato kind, smooth furrow face, with the wide black film mulching furrow face lower end of 1cm, 25-30cm open country stays in furrow upper end potato seedling portion, mulch film mud gland;
(4) topdress: after neat seedling, every 15-25 days topdresses once, connects and executes 3-4 time, and each every mu of sealing fertilizer 30-50kg, answers earthing after fertilising; After rain or after pouring water, apply fertilizer, after furrow ditch level, just can apply fertilizer;
(5) water management: adopt conventional water management method, drouth is poured water, the timely draining of two seasons, the quick expanding stage of potato piece in September to November, keeps ground moistening;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: every mu with chlorophos 480-520g or match red 230-270g and mix with water 50-80kg, spray Chinese yam field face control of grubs; Spraying after every mu of use gram mite gram 180-220g, sulphur colloidal suspending agent 230-270g, carbendazim or topsin 90-120g, water 40-60kg mix, control two spotted spider mite, leaf spot and charcoal are sick;
(7) gather: while gathering, light blading is opened soil layer, whole piece potato taken out, retain the directed PVC plate of shallow life, under make again refill inserts in PVC plate valley, return the whole good furrow of soil, when favorable season, plant.
2. yam planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the directed PVC plate of described shallow life is different according to yam variety, and PVC plate is cut into different size, to adapt to Chinese yam growth; Described yam variety is spire when dark, and the directed PVC plate gauge of shallow life lattice are long 110-130cm, the plate of wide 5-8cm, and yam variety is great Ye when dark, the directed PVC plate gauge of shallow life lattice are long 110-130cm, the plate of wide 7-10cm.
3. yam planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described valley is gradient 13-17 ° the U-shaped valley of upper and lower side discrepancy in elevation 25-30cm.
4. yam planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described inserts is the fresh red saprolite that sieved of 4-8 mesh sieve or fresh yellow saprolite.
5. yam planting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: during described shallow raw directional planting, potato kind is placed and fertilizing method is: while placing potato kind, make kind of a bud eye be positioned at PVC plate centre and upwards unnecessary eye be erased, at every strain sealing fertilizer 18-22g between two valley heads or execute ash 180-220kg, decomposed manure 900-1200kg between two valley heads.
6. yam planting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: during described shallow raw directional planting, once, had the local plantation of Chinese yam melanoderma, after filling up PVC plate valley gutter, on upper strata, cover again one deck containing the thin sand of 45-60% pulverized limestone, itself and mold are separated.
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