CN106508414A - Directional yield cultivation method of dioscorea opposite thunb with transverse base film and scarification - Google Patents
Directional yield cultivation method of dioscorea opposite thunb with transverse base film and scarification Download PDFInfo
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- CN106508414A CN106508414A CN201611182505.XA CN201611182505A CN106508414A CN 106508414 A CN106508414 A CN 106508414A CN 201611182505 A CN201611182505 A CN 201611182505A CN 106508414 A CN106508414 A CN 106508414A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a directional yield cultivation method of dioscorea opposite thunb with a transverse base film and scarification. The cultivation method, preparing planting belts step by step by laying the transverse base film materials, is applied to cultivate the dioscorea opposite thumb directionally on the arid hillside fields or the mountain fields. The cultivation method particularly includes the following steps: rotary tillage and soil preparation; laying the transverse base film materials, soil scarification and covering; soil returning; planting of seeds or tubers of dioscorea opposite thunb; field management; harvest and reuse of planting belts. The cultivation method is capable of achieving the directional yield of dioscorea opposite thunb with simple and convenient process and increasing efficiency. By applying the cultivation method, the dioscorea opposite thunb strips that produced have high commoditization rate with the same shape, good quality and good-looking appearance. Meanwhile land resources, such as arid hillside fields and mountain fields, can be fully utilized. Therefore, the ecological economic potential of rid hillside fields and mountain fields is not only brought into play, but also the shortage of arable land resources is alleviated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of industrial crops, the orientation knot potato cultural method of more particularly to a kind of Rhizomadioscoreae.
Background technology
Rhizomadioscoreae（Dioscorea opposita Thunb. ）Another name RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE fr0m Henan of China, Rhizoma dioscoreae, native potato, sweet potato, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, jade
Prolong.For the dry rhizome of Dioscoreaceae plant Rhizoma Dioscoreae.Rhizomadioscoreae is nutritious, and has good dietary function.In recent years, people
The attention degree of nutrition and health is constantly deepened, Rhizomadioscoreae also receives pursuing for people.The demand of Rhizomadioscoreae starts for should not
Ask, price escalation.Thus, the scientic planting for how carrying out Rhizomadioscoreae is the problem for being worth research.
Quasi- mountain knot potato has downwards the characteristic of growth naturally, and to ground bottom growth, what is had is one meter to Rhizomadioscoreae tuber, institute
So that traditional Rhizomadioscoreae planting technology needs zanjon plantation and deep-cuts harvesting, time-consuming, and easily damages tuber.And orient knot
Potato technology can solve this problem.In recent years, with agrotechnical development, the orientation knot potato of Rhizomadioscoreae is cultivated increasingly
Welcome by numerous growers.Conventional orientation knot potato is the related report by the way of guide slot or directional tube mostly
It is as follows：
1st, China Patent No.：201410172903.8, a kind of invention of the shallow raw directional cultivation method of entitled Rhizomadioscoreae, including
Potato seed process, site preparation, it is put into the steps such as shallow raw groove and substrate, basal dressing, plantation, field management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The patent
Solve traditional Rhizomadioscoreae planting technology need zanjon plantation and deep-cut harvesting,
It is time-consuming, and easily damage a difficult problem for tuber.
2nd, China Patent No.：201510739612.7, entitled Rhizomadioscoreae is no-tillage, and ecological cultivation method discloses one kind
Rhizomadioscoreae is no-tillage ecological cultivation method, selects non-staple food grain industrial land to carry out no-tillage ecological cultivation, and step includes arranging planting groove, plants
Plant preparation, seed treatment, type of seeding, field management and harvesting of Bag Material etc..It is described setting planting groove be：Using artificial or little
Type machinery is slotted, and during fluting, is from top to bottom broken ground fluting with semicircle instrument, planting groove top depth 14-16 centimetre,
18-20 centimetre of bottom, last bottom land are in smooth semicircle；Whole piece planting groove is horizontal by 10-30 °.Using the method,
The plant development of Rhizoma dioscoreae bare place can be further widened, is increased farmers' income and food source.
3rd, China Patent No.：201610241935.8, the ecology planting method of entitled common yam rhizome powder ridge orientation knot potato,
The farming of powder ridge the semicircle tubulose channel mould system using the hydraulic pressure drive of device on powder ridge machine tool are carried out using nonirrigated farmland or gentle slope
Make planting groove, carry out common yam rhizome powder ridge orientation knot potato Efficient Cultivation, step includes：Powder ridge farming site preparation and bottom semicircular planting groove
Initiative, the laying of plastic sheeting and return soil, Rhizoma dioscoreae seed or Rhizoma dioscoreae planting potato, field management, French fries and adopt in planting groove
Plastics film process after receipts, harvesting.From site preparation plantation, field management to the simple light of harvesting, Rhizoma dioscoreae realizes that powder ridge is efficiently planted
Rhizoma dioscoreae is planted, is conducive to promoting Rhizoma dioscoreae plantation industry to develop rapidly.
Can be seen that said method and employ ditching, place or dig fixture from above patent application has certain inclination
The method of angle guide slot, though the method can make Rhizomadioscoreae oriented growth, and can be reduced labor intensity to a certain extent, orientation
The step taken with respect to work consuming in the step for setting of groove or overall procedure.
And, Rhizomadioscoreae planting requirement soil layer is deep, loose, easy row easily fills, level of ground water is low, the sandy loam that lighting conditions are good
Soil.So high requirement causes the establishing in large scale of Rhizoma Dioscoreae to be restricted.If a kind of implantation methods of invention, can utilize arid hillside field
Or bare place type plantation Rhizoma Dioscoreae as mountain region, for the cultivated area for expanding Rhizoma Dioscoreae, annual production is improved, increase urban and rural residents
Food source is significant.Rhizoma dioscoreae plant utilization scope is widened, this can not only play the ecological Jing in existing arid hillside field and mountain region
Ji potentiality, and China's cultivated land resource present situation in short supply can be alleviated.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the above-mentioned deficiency for prior art, there is provided a kind of horizontal tail band of the Rhizomadioscoreae orientation knot potato that loosens the soil is planted
Culture method, the method using tractor rotary tillage machine 5 ° -15 ° arid hillside field or mountain region on operation, by laying horizontal tail band material
Growth belt is set up step by step, under the guiding of horizontal tail band material, Rhizomadioscoreae oriented growth is realized, the Rhizomadioscoreae French fries of the method plantation are thick
Greatly, circle is straight, and yield and commodity are higher.
The technical scheme is that what is be achieved in that：
A kind of horizontal tail band of Rhizomadioscoreae loosens the soil orientation knot potato cultural method, it is characterised in that：Plantation is laid step by step using horizontal tail band material
The method of band, carries out the directional cultivation of Rhizomadioscoreae on arid hillside field or mountain region, specifically includes following steps：
（1）Rotary tillage soil-working：Arid hillside field or the mountain region horizontal by 5 ° -15 ° is selected, using tractor rotary tillage machine operation, rotary tillage
Depth 10-20cm, the top layer rotary tillage in arid hillside field or mountain region is crushed.The soil for being so difficult to cultivate using arid hillside field or mountain region,
The cultivated area of Rhizomadioscoreae is not only widened, and has improve land utilization ratio, alleviated China's cultivated land resource present situation in short supply.Except this
Outside, the relatively conventional plantation of rotary tillage depth of the present invention is greatly reduced, and farming difficulty is substantially reduced, and the plantation efficiency of Rhizomadioscoreae is notable
Improve.
（2）Horizontal tail band material-paving and overwrite job step of loosening the soil：
A first, from the beginning of the bottom in arid hillside field or mountain region, clears up original rotary tillage good soil working, exposes hard soil layer, by which
Natural grade flat surface；B is then horizontal to stretch smooth fixation, horizontal tail band material width 1.2- by horizontal tail band material two ends
1.5m, length is depending on plantation strip length, then the horizontal tail band for laying is covered from the transfer of loosening the soil of a predetermined upper growth belt
On material, rippers layer thickness is 15-25cm；After the completion of the first growth belt of c bottoms, it is separated by 50-70cm upwards, according still further to above-mentioned side
Method lays the second growth belt, and such as the method is laid all the way up and completed.The horizontal tail band material is that rigid plastics cloth such as plastics are color
Cloth etc..The laying of horizontal tail band material, has the planting groove of certain angle relative to the fixture that digs of prior art, and lays hard material
The step of, it is more simple and easy to do, man-hour is saved, is conducive to large area to operate.
（3）Return soil：When laying plantation is taken back and loosens the soil half, according to Rhizomadioscoreae seed or Rhizomadioscoreae tuber different cultivars and yield
Require, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer or seed manure, covered on fertilizer again and loosened the soil.
（4）The plantation of Rhizomadioscoreae seed or tuber：After the completion of horizontal tail band material-paving growth belt, by Rhizomadioscoreae general planting requirement
Planted.Specially：By Rhizomadioscoreae seed or tuber disinfection, then seed or tuber are placed on away from horizontal tail band material
Then top 5-8 centimeters, can cover the soil of 6-8 cm thicks along the elongation growth of Bag Material direction during ensureing knot potato.
（5）Field management：
A drainings：Pumping equipment is carried out at the top of arid hillside field, rainy season unnecessary precipitation is discharged in timely drain, and prevention rainy season heavy rain washes away
Fall loosening the soil of taking；B according to kind and material source, using built draws climing or not built floor file natural, ecological growth.
（6）Harvesting：When Rhizomadioscoreae is ripe, shank is opened, directly French fries are taken out.
（7）Growth belt is reused：Being loosened the soil on horizontal tail band tedded on the spot and disinfect.
Preferably, step（3）The Rhizomadioscoreae seed or Rhizomadioscoreae tuber 10- bigger than the seed or tuber weight of common planting method
20%.To ensure that its Seedling is strengthened, beneficial to raising per unit area yield.
Preferably, step（3）The fertilizer is Chicken dung, and the fertilizer is Chicken dung, and the seed manure contains
The nutrient of following mass percent：N ＞ 11%, P2O5＞ 50%, Zn ＞ 1%.
Further, step（7）It is described loosen the soil ted and be specially with sterilization method：Ted：In 75 DEG C of surface temperature ＞
When will loosen the soil and spread out, exposure 24-48h；Sterilization：To loosen the soil collection it is in heaps after, sprinkling 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 80%
Mancozeb wettable powder and 20% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate emulsion, puddle it is uniform after, spread out dry it is i.e. recyclable.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, the present invention enables to arid hillside field and these bare place soils of mountain region using arid hillside field or the mountain region operation of 5 degree of -15 degree
Type is fully utilized, and overcomes the suitable kind of soil types and landform that hinder the development of Rhizomadioscoreae large area to limit, for expansion Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Cultivated area, improve annual production, increase urban and rural residents food sources significant.Rhizoma dioscoreae plant utilization scope is widened,
The ecological economy potentiality in existing arid hillside field and mountain region can not only be played, and China's cultivated land resource present situation in short supply can be alleviated.
2nd, the present invention utilizes the natural gradient of landform, lays growth belt step by step by horizontal tail band material, realizes determining for Rhizomadioscoreae
To plantation.The step of relative to planting groove is excavated in prior art, the inventive method is more time saving and energy saving, it is easy to which large area is operated.
It is and rotary tillage depth of the present invention only has 10-20cm, less demanding to rotary tillage machine, it is easy to implement.
3rd, cultural method of the present invention, it is simple to recovery process from site preparation plantation, field management.Especially harvesting is walked
Suddenly, when Rhizomadioscoreae is ripe, shank is opened, directly French fries is taken out.Compare with traditional Rhizomadioscoreae cultural method, single harvesting Huaihe River
Mountain link, per mu can be saved 40 workdays；Per mu yield increases 370-550 kilogram, produced Rhizomadioscoreae French fries neat and consistent, uniformly
Full, smooth, color of the leather is beautiful, and potato wedges mechanical injury is few, and commodity rate is high, commodity value is high.
Specific embodiment
Rhizomadioscoreae of the present invention horizontal tail band is loosened the soil and orients knot potato cultural method by inventor and R＆D team, is entered in the whole nation more
Go promotion and implementation, develop arid hillside field and the over thousands of mu in mountain region altogether.Arid hillside field and hill-land resource have been re-used not only, and
So that yam planting becomes saving of work and time, produced Rhizomadioscoreae French fries neat and consistent, uniform full, smooth, color of the leather are beautiful, potato wedges mechanical injury
Few, commodity rate is high, commodity value is high.
Embodiment 1
Experiment place：Arid hillside field at Nanning Wuming County one, horizontal by 15 ° of angles.
Varieties of plant：Select than Huaihe River 7, common planting method weight big 10-20% osmanthus Rhizomadioscoreae seed.
Experimental procedure：
（1）Operation, rotary tillage depth 15cm, by the top layer rotary tillage powder of arid hillside field are carried out in selected plot using tractor rotary tillage machine
It is broken.
（2）Horizontal tail band material-paving and overwrite job step of loosening the soil：
A first, from the beginning of the bottom of arid hillside field, clears up original rotary tillage good soil working, exposes hard soil layer, by its depositional gradient
Degree flat surface；B is then horizontal to stretch smooth fixation, color cloth width 1.5m by plastics coloured silk cloth two ends, and length regards plantation belt length
Depending on degree, then cover on the plastics coloured silk cloth for laying from the transfer of loosening the soil of a predetermined upper growth belt, rippers layer thickness is
20cm；After the completion of the first growth belt of c bottoms, be separated by 60cm upwards, the second growth belt, such as the method are laid according still further to said method
Laying all the way up is completed.
（3）Return soil：When laying plantation is taken back and loosens the soil half, Chicken dung is spread fertilizer over the fields, is covered on chicken manure again and is loosened the soil.
（4）The plantation of Rhizomadioscoreae tuber：After the completion of plastics coloured silk cloth laying growth belt, the Rhizomadioscoreae seed of osmanthus Huaihe River 7 is carried out disinfection
Process, then sow, seed is placed on away from plastics coloured silk cloth top 5-8 centimeters during sowing, can be along bag during ensureing and tie potato
Material direction elongation growth, then covers the soil of 6-8 cm thicks.
（5）Field management：
A drainings：Pumping equipment is carried out at the top of arid hillside field, rainy season unnecessary precipitation is discharged in timely drain, and prevention rainy season heavy rain washes away
Fall loosening the soil of taking；B built draws climings allow Rhizomadioscoreae to grow.
（6）Harvesting：When Rhizomadioscoreae is ripe, shank is opened, directly French fries are taken out.
（7）Reusing for growth belt, tedded on the spot and disinfect.Ted：On ground
To loosen the soil during 75 DEG C of face temperature ＞ and spread out, exposure 36h；Sterilization：After collection of loosening the soil is in heaps, 50% thiophanate-methyl of sprinkling is wettable
Property powder, 80% mancozeb wettable powder and 20% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate emulsion, puddle it is uniform after, spread out and dry i.e. recyclable making
With.
Produced by surveying, the Rhizomadioscoreae of osmanthus Huaihe River 7 of this method plantation, per mu yield are 2260 kilograms, the average potato of single Rhizomadioscoreae weighs 2.1
Kilogram.Produced Rhizomadioscoreae French fries neat and consistent, uniform full, smooth, color of the leather are beautiful, and commodity rate is high.
Embodiment 2
Experiment place：Mountain region at Xining, Qinghai one, horizontal by 5 ° of -15 ° of angles
Varieties of plant：Select than the big No. 1 Rhizomadioscoreae tuber of 10-20% Qarnets of common planting method weight
Experimental procedure：
（1）Operation, rotary tillage depth 10-20cm, by the top layer rotary tillage powder in mountain region are carried out in selected plot using tractor rotary tillage machine
It is broken.
（2）Horizontal tail band material-paving and overwrite job step of loosening the soil：
A first, from the beginning of the bottom of arid hillside field, clears up original rotary tillage good soil working, exposes hard soil layer, by its depositional gradient
Degree flat surface；B is then horizontal to stretch smooth fixation by rigid plastics two ends, and rigid plastics width 1.2-1.5m, length are regarded
Depending on plantation strip length, then cover on the rigid plastics for laying from the transfer of loosening the soil of a predetermined upper growth belt, rippers layer
Thickness is 15-25cm；After the completion of the first growth belt of c bottoms, it is separated by 50-70cm upwards, lays second according still further to said method
Band is planted, such as the method is laid all the way up and completed.
（3）Return soil：When laying plantation is taken back and loosens the soil half, seed manure is spread fertilizer over the fields, the nutrient percentage ratio that seed manure contains is：
N ＞ 11%, P2O5＞ 50%, Zn ＞ 1%.Covered on seed manure again and loosened the soil.
（4）The plantation of Rhizomadioscoreae tuber：After the completion of plastics coloured silk cloth laying growth belt, No. 1 Rhizomadioscoreae tuber of Qarnet is carried out disinfection
Process, then tuber is placed on away from plastics coloured silk cloth top 5-8 centimeters, can give birth to along the elongation of Bag Material direction during knot potato with being ensured
It is long, then cover the soil of 6-8 cm thicks.
（5）Field management：
A drainings：Pumping equipment is carried out at the top of arid hillside field, rainy season unnecessary precipitation is discharged in timely drain, and prevention rainy season heavy rain washes away
Fall loosening the soil of taking；Built floor file does not allow Rhizomadioscoreae to grow naturally to b.
（6）Harvesting：When Rhizomadioscoreae is ripe, shank is opened, directly French fries are taken out.
（7）Reusing for growth belt, tedded on the spot and disinfect.Ted：On ground
To loosen the soil during 75 DEG C of face temperature ＞ and spread out, exposure 24-48h；Sterilization：After collection of loosening the soil is in heaps, 50% thiophanate-methyl of sprinkling can
WP, 80% mancozeb wettable powder and 20% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate emulsion, puddle it is uniform after, spread out dry it is i.e. recyclable
Use.
Produced by surveying, the Rhizomadioscoreae of osmanthus Huaihe River 7 of this method plantation, per mu yield are 2150 kilograms, the average potato weight of single Rhizomadioscoreae
1.98 kilogram.Produced Rhizomadioscoreae French fries neat and consistent, uniform full, smooth, color of the leather are beautiful, and commodity rate is high.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of horizontal tail band of Rhizomadioscoreae loosens the soil and orients knot potato cultural method, it is characterised in that：Kind is laid step by step using horizontal tail band material
The method for planting band, carries out the directional cultivation of Rhizomadioscoreae on arid hillside field or mountain region, specifically includes following steps：
（1）Rotary tillage soil-working：Arid hillside field or the mountain region horizontal by 10 ° -15 ° is selected, using tractor rotary tillage machine operation, rotary tillage
Depth 10-20cm, the top layer rotary tillage in arid hillside field or mountain region is crushed；
（2）Horizontal tail band material-paving and overwrite job step of loosening the soil：
A first, from the beginning of the bottom in arid hillside field or mountain region, clears up original rotary tillage good soil working, exposes hard soil layer, by which
Natural grade flat surface；
B is then horizontal to stretch smooth fixation by horizontal tail band material two ends, and horizontal tail band material width 1.2-1.5m, length regard plantation
Depending on strip length, then cover on the horizontal tail band material for laying from the transfer of loosening the soil of a predetermined upper growth belt, thickness of loosening the soil
Spend for 15-25cm；
After the completion of the first growth belt of c bottoms, be separated by 50-70cm upwards, the second growth belt, so side are laid according still further to said method
Method is laid all the way up and is completed；
（3）Return soil：When laying plantation is taken back and loosens the soil half, will according to Rhizomadioscoreae seed or Rhizomadioscoreae tuber different cultivars and yield
Ask, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer or seed manure, covered on fertilizer again and loosened the soil；
（4）The plantation of Rhizomadioscoreae seed or tuber：After the completion of horizontal tail band material-paving growth belt, carry out by the requirement of Rhizomadioscoreae general planting
Plantation；
（5）Field management：
A drainings：Pumping equipment is carried out at the top of arid hillside field, rainy season unnecessary precipitation is discharged in timely drain, and prevention rainy season heavy rain washes away
Fall loosening the soil of taking；
B according to kind and material source, using built draws climing or not built floor file natural, ecological growth；
（6）Harvesting：When Rhizomadioscoreae is ripe, shank is opened, directly French fries are taken out；
（7）Growth belt is reused：Being loosened the soil on horizontal tail band tedded on the spot and disinfect.
2. the horizontal tail band of Rhizomadioscoreae according to claim 1 loosens the soil and orients knot potato cultural method, it is characterised in that：Step（2）Institute
Horizontal tail band material is stated for rigid plastics cloth.
3. the horizontal tail band of Rhizomadioscoreae according to claim 2 loosens the soil and orients knot potato cultural method, it is characterised in that：The hard modeling
Material cloth is plastics coloured silk cloth.
4. the horizontal tail band of Rhizomadioscoreae according to claim 1 loosens the soil and orients knot potato cultural method, it is characterised in that：Step（4）Institute
Stating carries out plantation by the requirement of Rhizomadioscoreae general planting and is：By Rhizomadioscoreae seed or tuber disinfection, then by seed or tuber
Be placed on away from horizontal tail band material top 5-8 centimeters, during ensureing knot potato, 6- can be then covered along the elongation growth of Bag Material direction
The soil of 8 cm thicks.
5. the horizontal tail band of Rhizomadioscoreae according to claim 1 loosens the soil and orients knot potato cultural method, it is characterised in that：Step（3）Institute
State Rhizomadioscoreae seed or Rhizomadioscoreae tuber 10-20% bigger than the seed or tuber weight of common planting method.
6. the horizontal tail band of Rhizomadioscoreae according to claim 1 loosens the soil and orients knot potato cultural method, it is characterised in that：Step（3）Institute
Fertilizer is stated for Chicken dung, the seed manure contains the nutrient of following mass percent：N ＞ 11%, P2O5＞ 50%, Zn ＞
1%。
7. the horizontal tail band of Rhizomadioscoreae according to claim 1 loosens the soil and orients knot potato cultural method, it is characterised in that：Step（7）Institute
State tedding of loosening the soil to be specially with sterilization method：Ted：To loosen the soil in 75 DEG C of surface temperature ＞ and spread out, exposure 24-48h；Disappear
Poison：After collection of loosening the soil is in heaps, 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder of sprinkling, 80% mancozeb wettable powder and 20% are pungent
Sulfur Emulphors fat liquor, puddle it is uniform after, spread out dry it is i.e. recyclable.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113016540A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-25 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Directional potato bearing device and high-yield cassava cultivation method |
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