CN106305092A - Chinese yam cultivation method - Google Patents
Chinese yam cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106305092A CN106305092A CN201610709661.0A CN201610709661A CN106305092A CN 106305092 A CN106305092 A CN 106305092A CN 201610709661 A CN201610709661 A CN 201610709661A CN 106305092 A CN106305092 A CN 106305092A
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- rhizoma dioscoreae
- seed
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- planting
- chinese yam
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a Chinese yam cultivation method in the field of agricultural planting. The method comprises the first step of processing seeds, i.e., putting the chosen Chinese yam seeds into a microwave oven, heating for 30 to 45s, and then soaking the seeds in hot water of 65 to 70 DEG C for 25 to 30s; the second step of selecting and preparing land, i.e., selecting sandy loam soil with the altitude of 2000 to 3000m and the pH aof 5.5 to 6.5 as planting land, applying 750kg/hm<2> slaked lime into the planting land, and evenly mixing the slaked lime with soil by matching with ploughing; the third step of sowing, i.e., sowing the processed seeds on the planting land, evenly mixing plant ash with overrotten farmyard manure, and scattering on the seeds; the fourth step of spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000-times solution for one time 25 to 30 days after sowing, then spraying 50% tuzet 800 to 1000-times solution again for one time after 3 days, spraying fosetyl-aluminum 400-times solution every 7 days twice 70 to 80 days after sowing; the fifth step of managing; the sixth step of harvesting. When the Chinese yam cultivation method is applied to planting Chinese yam, the emergency rate and the yield of the Chinese yam are effectively improved, and the disease incidence rate of the Chinese yam is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, be specifically related to the cultural method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
Background technology
Rhizoma Dioscoreae also known as Rhizoma Dioscoreae, soil potato, mountain Rhizoma Dioscoreae, RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE fr0m Henan of China, Rhizomadioscoreae, white Rhizoma Dioscoreae, is " China book on Chinese herbal medicine " medical herbs of recording, medicine
It is Dioscoreaceae plant Rhizoma Dioscoreae dry rhizome with source.It is strong that Rhizoma Dioscoreae has nourishing, aid digestion, holds back sweating due to debility, and effect of antidiarrheal cures mainly
Insufficiency of the spleen diarrhoea, cough due to deficiency of the lung, diabetes are quenched one's thirst, oliguria frequency, seminal emission, women's leukorrhagia and dyspeptic chronic enteritis.Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Optimum is taken with Ganoderma collocation, has the effect preventing and treating diabetes, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae is the most rising on grocery trade and processing industry.
Present yam planting mode is the most backward, and seed is only just sowed through preliminary screening, lacks kind
The process of son so that Rhizoma Dioscoreae sickness rate in growth course is higher.And in the growth course of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, for pest and disease damage
Preventing and treating does not use scientific and effective prevention and controls, is the most all to occur in that disease just applies pesticide, on the one hand can make disease pest
Producing drug resistance so that prevention effect reduces, on the other hand, applying pesticide repeatedly, in causing Rhizoma Dioscoreae, persticide residue surpasses
Mark, does not meets the food sanitation standard of national regulation, the health of harm people.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems referred to above, the invention is intended to provide the cultural method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, by the seed treatment of science
Technology and the techniques of pest control, allow the pest and disease damage incidence rate of Rhizoma Dioscoreae be greatly reduced, can not only improve the yield of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, moreover it is possible to subtract
Pesticide residues in few Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
The cultural method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae in this programme, comprises the following steps:
Step one, seed treatment: select full, disease-free Rhizoma Dioscoreae seed, be positioned in microwave oven heating 30 ~ 45s by seed,
The temperature controlled in microwave oven is 30 ~ 35 DEG C, then seed taking-up is spread 3 ~ 5min on bamboo mat, then seed is immersed in 65
25 ~ 30s in the hot water of ~ 70 DEG C, pulls spreading for cooling out stand-by;
Step 2, selection of land be wholely: select height above sea level 2000 ~ 3000m, pH5.5 ~ 6.5 sand loam as plantation ground, planting
Apply 750kg/hm with planting2Calx, coordinates and turns over and soil mixing, and ploughed depth is 30 ~ 35cm;
Step 3, sowing: the seed after plantation will process on the ground is sowed, and application rate is 33 ~ 36kg/hm2, then by grass
Wood ash is sprinkling upon on seed after the farm manure mix homogeneously become thoroughly decomposed, and THICKNESS CONTROL is at below 0.5cm;
Step 4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: after sowing 25 ~ 30 days, spray once with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder,
Fountain height is 10 kg/hm2, after three days, then spraying once with 50% Tuzet 800~1000 times of liquid, fountain height is 8 kg/hm2;
Waiting to sow 70 ~ 80 days, sprayed once every 7 days with 400 times of liquid of fosetyl aluminium, spray 2 times altogether, each fountain height is 7 kg/
hm2;
Step 5, management: treat that newborn rattan, to more than 20cm, was cut off by the stem length of Rhizoma Dioscoreae every 7 days;
Step 6, gather: Rhizoma Dioscoreae Second Year after planting, excavate 10 ~ November and obtain Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
The principle of the present invention: Rhizoma Dioscoreae is substantially to be sowed by seed, and germination percentage and survival rate are all than other kinds
Plant mode higher.Needing in the present invention to select full, disease-free Rhizoma Dioscoreae seed, its interior nutrients help is abundanter, and nothing
The infection of pathogenic bacteria so that seed, after planting, can start rapidly rudiment, grows quick and healthy.In the process of seed, first will
Seed is put in microwave oven heating 30 ~ 45s, and the temperature in control microwave oven is between 30 ~ 35 DEG C, and microwave can penetrate seed,
Interior Seed is allowed to be heated the most uniformly, than other mode of heatings the most rapidly with uniform, the control of acid extraction
System can avoid intraseminal cell to be killed, and causes germinateing, and can activate intraseminal cell so that the absorption of cell
Ability is strengthened, and plays the effect of accelerating germination.Through the seed that microwave oven processes, speed of germination is apparently higher than other untreated kinds
Son.After microwave treatment, then seed spreading 3 ~ 5min on bamboo mat, the heat-transfer rate of bamboo mat is relatively slow, so that the temperature of seed
Degree slowly declines, and allows intraseminal cell can have the process of adaptation, and the purpose spread mainly allows intraseminal cell in heating
After, there is the response time of activation, if directly soaking again, being easily caused the death of cell.Seed after spreading places into
In the hot water of 65 ~ 70 DEG C, the high temperature of such hot water can kill the antibacterial in seed coat, reduces the sickness rate of seed, and by
In only soaking 25 ~ 30s, the temperature of hot water also without influence on the cell of seed internal layer, does not results in the death of cell, on the contrary can
Again promote the activity of cell, allow cell start to absorb nutrition in seed, be conducive to improving the germination percentage of seed.
Rhizoma Dioscoreae suitably height above sea level 2000 ~ 3000m, pH5.5 ~ 6.5 sandy soil in grow, the temperature under this height above sea level
Degree and illumination can allow the growth of Rhizoma Dioscoreae more rapid, and yield is higher, slightly acidic sandy soil, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae root can be allowed to soil
Mesotrophic absorbability is higher.Soil is mixed into Calx, plays the purpose to soil disinfection, and be the sterilizing of Calx
It is physical action principle, is not chemical reaction, soil will not be had harm.In yam planting soil after sterilization, sickness rate
To be greatly reduced.By the pretreatment of early stage, it is different from traditional appearance pest and disease damage and prevents and treats again, prevent trouble before it happens, effect
More preferably.Ploughed depth is at 30 ~ 35cm, this is because the root of Rhizoma Dioscoreae is deeply between 20 ~ 30cm, Rhizoma Dioscoreae root growth so can be allowed to arrive
Soil horizon all through and disinfecting.
Plantation ground is after treatment, it is possible to sow, with traditional yam planting technology, and can be the most suitable in plantation
Furrow are done on mountain, a width of 120 ~ 140cm of furrow, and furrow, away from for 30cm, have dug gutter, have then uniformly been sprinkling upon on furrow by Rhizoma Dioscoreae seed, sowing
Amount is 33 ~ 36kg/hm2, it is not necessary to blinding.Then plant ash is sprinkling upon on seed after the farm manure mix homogeneously become thoroughly decomposed, thick
Degree controls at below 0.5cm, and the breathability of such seed is more preferable.Plant ash is natural potash fertilizer, can carry for the Rhizoma Dioscoreae germination initial stage
For potassium element, and the farm manure Middle nutrition become thoroughly decomposed is the abundantest, and fertility is slowly release, it is ensured that Rhizoma Dioscoreae germinates to growing up to
All nutritional labelings of Seedling Stage.
After sowing 25 ~ 30 days, spraying once with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, carbendazim is that wide spectrum kills
Microbial inoculum, owing to Rhizoma Dioscoreae is when sowing 25 ~ 30 days, is in Seedling Stage, and now the root growth of Rhizoma Dioscoreae is the most undeveloped, easy infection root-rot
Disease, protects in advance with carbendazim, better than occurring that the state of an illness applies the effect of pesticide again.After three days, then use 50% Tuzet
800~1000 times of liquid spray once, and during seedling, the blade of Rhizoma Dioscoreae and stem's easy infection downy mildew, many bacterium are peculiar very well
Osmosis, the plant top layer of Rhizoma Dioscoreae can be penetrated into, kill the pathogenic bacteria of subsidiary downy mildew, play good protection effect;
Waiting to sow 70 ~ 80 days, now Rhizoma Dioscoreae is in fast growing period, epidemic disease easily occurs, now within 7 days, enters at twice with fosetyl aluminium interval
Row protection, can not only play the effect well preventing and killing epidemic disease bacterium, and containing P elements in fosetyl aluminium, work as decomposition
After, it is provided that the P elements needed for Rhizoma Dioscoreae fast growing period.The pest control method of the present invention, uses and prevents and treats in advance, by disease
Bacterium was killed in the most susceptible elementary step, both can guarantee that the normal growth of Rhizoma Dioscoreae was grown, and owing to being to prevent in advance, can reduce again
The sickness rate of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, allows the utilization rate of later stage pesticide be substantially reduced, and plays the effect reducing Pesticide use.And Multiple Pesticides
Using, can well prevent pathogenic bacteria from developing immunity to drugs, prevention effect is clearly.
When the stem length of Rhizoma Dioscoreae is to more than 20cm, it is in the manhood, now needs to convert nutrient substance to root, promote
The growth of root, improves the yield of Rhizoma Dioscoreae.After the rattan of Rhizoma Dioscoreae is cut off, within general about 5 days, new Caulis Stelmatocryptonis khasiani will be grown, therefore need
New Caulis Stelmatocryptonis khasiani is cut off, it is ensured that nutrient substance sufficiently converts to root every 7 days.Rhizoma Dioscoreae Second Year after planting, 10 ~ November
Excavate and obtain Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: in the present invention, is different from traditional yam planting mode, first locates on seed
Reason, heats uniformly with microwave, allows intraseminal cell be activated, and afterwards with high temperature sterilization and secondary activating, plays
Effect to presprouting of seeds, can significantly improve germination percentage and the rate of development of seed, reduces sickness rate.In whole and sowing all
There is special process, improve the survival rate of seed.In the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, use the method prevented and treated in advance, the most ill
Time point, alternately spray with different pesticide, owing to being now the courses of infection initial stage, therefore the applied amount of pesticide is little, so
And it is notable that the sickness rate reducing Rhizoma Dioscoreae is lacked effect.Use the present invention to plant Rhizoma Dioscoreae, the germination percentage of seed, survival can be effectively improved
Rate and speed of germination, increase the yield of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, reduces the sickness rate of Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
Further, in described step one, the heating-up temperature in microwave oven is 32 DEG C, and heat time heating time is 35s.Owing to microwave adds
The time of heating seed and temperature all must have strict control, otherwise seed can be caused damage, and even seed is dead, Jing Guofa
Person of good sense's long term test is summed up, and heating-up temperature optimum is 32 DEG C, and heat time heating time, optimum was 35s.
Further, in described step 2, the pH on plantation ground is 5.8 ~ 6.1.The pH of plantation ground soil is required higher by Rhizoma Dioscoreae,
When pH is between 5.8 ~ 6.1, Rhizoma Dioscoreae absorbs the best results of the speed of nutrition.
Further, in described step 3, plant ash is 1:70 with the farm manure mass ratio become thoroughly decomposed.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by detailed description of the invention, the present invention is further detailed explanation:
Embodiment 1
The cultural method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, comprises the following steps:
Step one, seed treatment: select full, disease-free Rhizoma Dioscoreae seed, be positioned in microwave oven heating 30 ~ 45s by seed,
The temperature controlled in microwave oven is 30 ~ 35 DEG C, then seed taking-up is spread 3 ~ 5min on bamboo mat, then seed is immersed in 65
25 ~ 30s in the hot water of ~ 70 DEG C, pulls spreading for cooling out stand-by;
Step 2, selection of land be wholely: select height above sea level 2000 ~ 3000m, pH5.5 ~ 6.5 sand loam as plantation ground, planting
Apply 750kg/hm with planting2Calx, coordinates and turns over and soil mixing, and ploughed depth is 30 ~ 35cm;
Step 3, sowing: the seed after plantation will process on the ground is sowed, and application rate is 33 ~ 36kg/hm2, then by grass
Wood ash and the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed are sprinkling upon on seed than after mix homogeneously by the quality of 1:70, and THICKNESS CONTROL is at below 0.5cm;
Step 4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: after sowing 25 ~ 30 days, spray once with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder,
Fountain height is 10 kg/hm2, after three days, then spraying once with 50% Tuzet 800~1000 times of liquid, fountain height is 8 kg/hm2;
Waiting to sow 70 ~ 80 days, sprayed once every 7 days with 400 times of liquid of fosetyl aluminium, spray 2 times altogether, each fountain height is 7 kg/
hm2;
Step 5, management: treat that newborn rattan, to more than 20cm, was cut off by the stem length of Rhizoma Dioscoreae every 7 days;
Step 6, gather: Rhizoma Dioscoreae Second Year after planting, excavate 10 ~ November and obtain Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment differs only in embodiment 1: in step one, and the heating-up temperature in microwave oven is 32 DEG C, heat time heating time
For 35s.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment differs only in embodiment 1: in step 2, and the pH on plantation ground is 5.8 ~ 6.1.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment uses the most traditional implantation methods, and seed is only just planted through simply selecting, the disease pest in later stage
In evil preventing and treating, when occurring in that the disease of pest and disease damage, pesticide corresponding on market is used to prevent and treat.
Test:
Rhizoma Dioscoreae, every mu of ground sowing 34kg are planted in 4 mu of ground by method respectively that use embodiment 1 ~ 4, then add up the germination of seed
Rate, survival rate, germinating time, sickness rate and yield, obtain data as follows:
Table 1
From the data in table 1, it can be seen that each item data of embodiment 2 is optimum, next to that embodiment 3 and embodiment 2, and have employed tradition kind
The data of the embodiment 4 of planting technology and the method gap of the present invention are obvious.It follows that the present invention can dramatically increase Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Germination percentage, survival rate and yield, reduce germinating time and sickness rate.Contrasted, in microwave oven from embodiment 2 and embodiment 1
Heating-up temperature be 32 DEG C, when heat time heating time is 35s, each item data of Rhizoma Dioscoreae can be improved, and by embodiment 3 and embodiment 1
Contrast understands, and when the plantation ground selecting pH to be 5.8 ~ 6.1, also can improve each item data of Radix Scrophulariae.
Claims (4)
1. the cultural method of a Rhizoma Dioscoreae, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step one, seed treatment: select full, disease-free Rhizoma Dioscoreae seed, be positioned in microwave oven heating 30 ~ 45s by seed,
The temperature controlled in microwave oven is 30 ~ 35 DEG C, then seed taking-up is spread 3 ~ 5min on bamboo mat, then seed is immersed in 65
25 ~ 30s in the hot water of ~ 70 DEG C, pulls spreading for cooling out stand-by;
Step 2, selection of land be wholely: select height above sea level 2000 ~ 3000m, pH5.5 ~ 6.5 sand loam as plantation ground, planting
Apply 750kg/hm with planting2Calx, coordinates and turns over and soil mixing, and ploughed depth is 30 ~ 35cm;
Step 3, sowing: the seed after plantation will process on the ground is sowed, and application rate is 33 ~ 36kg/hm2, then by grass
Wood ash is sprinkling upon on seed after the farm manure mix homogeneously become thoroughly decomposed, and THICKNESS CONTROL is at below 0.5cm;
Step 4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: after sowing 25 ~ 30 days, spray once with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder,
Fountain height is 10 kg/hm2, after three days, then spraying once with 50% Tuzet 800~1000 times of liquid, fountain height is 8 kg/hm2;
Waiting to sow 70 ~ 80 days, sprayed once every 7 days with 400 times of liquid of fosetyl aluminium, spray 2 times altogether, each fountain height is 7 kg/
hm2;
Step 5, management: treat that newborn rattan, to more than 20cm, was cut off by the stem length of Rhizoma Dioscoreae every 7 days;
Step 6, gather: Rhizoma Dioscoreae Second Year after planting, excavate 10 ~ November and obtain Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
The cultural method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step one, in microwave oven
Heating-up temperature be 32 DEG C, heat time heating time is 35s.
The cultural method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in described step 2, plantation ground
PH is 5.8 ~ 6.1.
The cultural method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: in described step 3, plant ash with
The farm manure mass ratio become thoroughly decomposed is 1:70.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106941990A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-07-14 | 陆川县君丰现代农业有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of Chinese cassia tree |
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CN102067773A (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-05-25 | 熊应生 | Yam planting method |
CN102301887A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2012-01-04 | 屯留县民康中药材开发有限公司 | High-quality high-yield culture method for Chinese yam |
CN103609283A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-05 | 邹建运 | Method for planting yams |
CN104488513A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-08 | 张旭 | Chinese yam planting method |
CN105519335A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-27 | 常熟市辛庄镇双浜农地股份合作社 | High-yielding cultivation method for Chinese yams |
CN105766280A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-20 | 孙明 | Planting method of purple yam |
-
2016
- 2016-08-24 CN CN201610709661.0A patent/CN106305092A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102067773A (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-05-25 | 熊应生 | Yam planting method |
CN102301887A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2012-01-04 | 屯留县民康中药材开发有限公司 | High-quality high-yield culture method for Chinese yam |
CN103609283A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-05 | 邹建运 | Method for planting yams |
CN104488513A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-08 | 张旭 | Chinese yam planting method |
CN105519335A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-27 | 常熟市辛庄镇双浜农地股份合作社 | High-yielding cultivation method for Chinese yams |
CN105766280A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-20 | 孙明 | Planting method of purple yam |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106941990A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-07-14 | 陆川县君丰现代农业有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of Chinese cassia tree |
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Application publication date: 20170111 |